2019年育才实验学校七年级期中检测 试卷及答案

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2018_2019学年广东广州越秀区广州市育才实验学校初一上学期期中英语试卷

2018_2019学年广东广州越秀区广州市育才实验学校初一上学期期中英语试卷

1 2A.newspaperB.provideC.quizD.interview(5)A.A; theB.The; aC.A; anD.The; anboy with apple in his hand is my best friend, Tom.3A.isesC.beD.be comeHe must from America, which can be judged from his accent.4 A.two-weeks holiday B.two weeks' holidays C.two-week holidayD.two-weeks' holidayWe'll be away for two weeks because we'll have a .5 A.spend; pay; forB.spend; spend; withC.cost; spend; onD.spend; spend; in—Life is limited. We had better it on valuable things.—Good idea. And we should more time our family members.6 A.Do; drawingB.Are; drawC.Do; drawD.Are; drawing— you good at ?—No, I don't like it at all.7 A.to makeB.how makingC.what to makeD.how to makeUncle Wang is a genius. He knows a robot .8 A.take part in; joinB.join; take part inC.join; join inD.join in; take part inI'm going to the English corner. Would you like to me?9 A.heavily; hardB.heavy; hardlyC.heavily; hardlyD.heavy; hardIf it rains here, you can see anything .10二、单项选择(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)A.are; fixingB.is; fixC.are; hixD.is; fixingThere something wrong with my radio. Can you help me it?11 A.study; learnB.leaming; studyingC.learn; studyD.learned; studiedI am happy to about the great news. He's got a chance to at Peking University.12 1. A.are like B.like C.likes D.is like 2. A.other B.the other C.another D.others 3. A.so B.as C.such D.very 4. A.How B.How a C.What D.What an 5. A.have B.has C.had D.will have 6. A.care B.careful C.carefully D.carefulness 7. A.good B.well C.better D.best 8. A.happen B.happening C.to happen D.happens 9. A.Let us B.How about C.What about D.Let's 10. A.moreB.mostC.muchD.manyPeople 1 wasting things, especially young people. In the school, waste can be seen everywhere. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and 2 often forget to tum off the lights before they leave the classroom.Waste can bring a lot of problems. Someone says that China is 3 rich in some resources, such as coal, oil, trees, that it is impossible to use up the resources. They even say " 4 rich our country is!" But actually, we 5 no coal or oil to use in 100 years if we go on wasting. We really feel worried about what we can use in the future. Think about it 6 . I think we should say "no" to the students who waste things every day. And we should help do something 7 to the environment.In our daily life, we can do many things to stop waste from 8 , for example, we should turn off the taps after using it. Don't throw the used paper because we can recycle it. 9 start out small from now on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day if we do our best. The nature will be 10 harmonious and our country will become more and more beautiful.13三、语法选择(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1. A.happy B.sorry C.pleased D.excited2. A.right B.big C.small D.wrong3. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing4. A.cold B.cool C.warm D.wet5. A.writing B.reading C.hearing D.looking6. A.house B.room C.home D.family7. A.looking for B.looking at C.looking like D.looking after8. A.rich B.free C.busy D.poor9. A.breakfast B.lunch C.meeting D.dinner 10. A.arrived atB.came inC.went awayD.got toIt was quiet in the waiting room in hospital on December 25. I felt 1 to work on Christmas evening because I couldn't stay with my family. But just then a woman with four children came in.She told us that something was 2 with all their children, and she had a bad cold. I tried to do 3 for them. But she said, "Take your time; it's 4 in here."I read the words after the nurse finished 5 down the information of the family. No address—they had no home, and the waiting room was warm.The 6 stayed by the Christmas tree. The boys were looking around. The girls were 7 the Christmas tree.I told other nurses we had a 8 family in the waiting room. They just tried to get warm on Christmas. We gave them a 9 for Christmas. Also we put oranges and apples in a basket.Later, before the family 10 , the four-year-old boy gave me a hug and said, "Thanks for being our angels today."14We moved away from my grandmother when I was eight years old. I missed her a lot. I was her favorite granddaughter and she was my favorite grandma.Two years later my mother and father separated and soon divorced . I felt as if my world was falling apart. I lived with my mother for a time, next door to my grandma and grandpa in an apartment while my father was away during World War Ⅱ.15四、完形填空(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)五、阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)Grandma never had much in the way of money or material things. But it was the little things she gave me that let me feel warm, like letting me dip my fingers in the sugar bowl, letting me sip the coffee from her cup or allowing me to sit on the table as I had meals.Though she didn't have much, she did something for my brother and me. I will always remember she saved her coins in a glass jar. I thought my grandma could have used these coins herself, but she saved them to give us when we came to visit her.I don't remember how much we collected on our visits, nor was the amount (数目)important. It was the idea that she remembered us, and cared about us when we were away from her.A.She moved away from her grandma.B.She moved away from her parents.C.She lived with her grandparents.D.She lived with her aunt.What happened to the writer when she was eight years old?(1)A.和好B.打架C.离婚D.生气What does the underlined word "divorced" mean in Chinese in Paragraph 2?(2)A.B.C.D.The writer's grandma allowed her to do many things. Which of the following is notmentioned?The writer could dip her fingers in the sugar bowl.The writer was allowed to sip the coffee from her grandma's cup.The writer could sit on the table while having meals.The writer was allowed to collect coins in a glass jar.(3)A.For her son. B.For her grandchildren.C.For the poor.D.For herself.For whom did the writer's grandma save her coins?(4)A.B.C.D.What can we learn from the passage?The writer disliked her childhood.The writer complained about her parents.The writer missed her grandma so much.The writer wanted to have her grandma's money.(5)As students, you may have many dreams. They can be very big like becoming Superman,or they can be small. You may just want to become one of the ten best students in your class.If you find a dream, what do you do with it? Do you ever try to make your dream come true? Follow Your Heart by Australian writer Andrew Matthews tells us that making our dreams come true is life's biggest challenge."You may think you're not very good at some school subjects, or that is impossible (不可能) for you to become a star. These ideas stop you from getting your dream, " the book says.16In fact, everyone can make his dream come true. The first important thing you must do is to remember what your dream is.Don't let it leave your heart. Keep telling yourself what you want. Do this step by step and your dream will come true faster. A big dream is, in fact, many small dreams.Never give up (放弃) your dream. There will be difficulties on the road. But the biggest problem comes from yourself. You need to decide what is the most important. Studying instead of (代替) watching TV will bring you better exam points. Saving five yuan instead of buying an ice cream means you can buy a new book. When you get closer to your dream, it may change a little. Then you will be able to learn more skills and find new interests.A.B.C.D.Follow Your Heart is .the first thing you must do to make your dream come true the most important dream to have for students the name of a book by Andrew Matthews the name of a famous Australian writer(1)A.变化B.挑战C.决定D.态度From the text, we know the word "challenge" means .(2)A.B.C.D.What should NOT you do to make your dream come true?Watch TV to get better exam points.Do what you should do step by step.Always remember what your dream is.Read more books, learn more skills and find new interests.(3)A.B.C.D.How do you make your dream come true faster?Remember what your dream is.Don't let your dream leave your heart.Keep telling yourself what you want every day.A, B and C.(4)A.Keep you Dream in Your Heart B.How to Find Your Dream C.Make Your Dream Come TrueD.Students Have Many DreamsWhat is the best title of the text?(5)In England, you can often hear "lady first". And also gentlemen in England are famous in the world. Englishmen always consider ladies first in most places. When a man and a lady go into a room together, the man opens the door for the lady. When there are two ladies and a man, the man should walk between the ladies.At a banquet, when a lady comes into the room, all the gentlemen in the room stand up to show their respect. However, the ladies needn't stand up. They usually introduce men to ladies17unless the men are so old. The men always help the ladies pull out the chairs and help them sitwhen the banquet starts.Now ladies in England are more important than before. They can make money and get good jobs. So some men think that maybe "ladies first" should be changed in the future.A.BritainB.FranceC.ChinaD.Japan"Lady first" happens in .(1)A.In front of the ladies. B.Behind the ladies.C.On the left of the ladies.D.Between the ladies.Where should the man walk when he walks with two ladies together?(2)A.A lady opens the door for a man. B.A man opens the door for a lady.C.A man can't go to the banquet.D.A lady can't go to the banquet.Which of the following is true according to the passage?(3)A.Open the door.B.Introduce others to the ladies.C.Pull out the chairs and help them sit.D.Find good jobs.What do men always help ladies do when the banquet starts?(4)A.B.C.D.According to the author, why "lady first" should be changed in the future?Because gentlemen don't want to get lady first.Because gentlemen are more important now.Because ladies don't want to be first.Because ladies can make money and get good jobs now.(5)Let's enjoy a movieZootopiaFrom a large elephant to a small mouse, animals live happily together in Disney's nguage: EnglishRunning Time: 1 Hour and 30 MinutesPrice: Weekdays—$50 $25(children under 6)Weekends—$60 $30(children under 6)I've never imagined the movie is so interesting. There are 64 kinds of animals in it. After watched the movies, I learned more about animals. I would highly recommend this movie to those aninal lovers.—JohnI have seen many cartoons of this kind, but this one is surprisingly funny and I love the sweet voice in it. My brother and I just couldn't help laughing from the beginning to the end.—David18This movie is so well made. I went to see it with my 5-year-old son last Sunday afternoon. I love the beatuiful music while my son loves the rabbit police officer Judy very much. It shows that small animals like her can also do serious work.—NancyA.FrenchB.EnglishC.ChineseD.SpanishWhat language is the movie?(1)A.60 minutesB.90 minutesC.100 minutesD.120 minutesHow long does the movie last ?(2)A.the different kinds of animals B.the funny actors C.the sweet voiceD.the beautiful musicJohn like this movie because of .(3)A.B.C.D.Which of the following about Dacid is not true?He has seen many cartoon movies.He thinks highly of the movie.He loves the people who do the voices.He keeps laughing during the movie.(4)A.$75B.$90C.$100D.$120How much did Nancy spend on the movie?(5)Russia is one of the modern c in the world.19My father n goes to bed late because he needs to get up early in the morning .20I am listening to the radio and suddenly the telephone r .21It is w on the ground than on the sand when it rains. People are easier to fall over.22The dirty water from the factory p the river 10 years ago .23W your help, I cannot complete the task on time .24六、单词拼写(共10小题,每小题0.5分,共5分)The sun almost shines b every day in summer .25 D the Spring Festival, children can get lucky money from their parents.26There are three m near my flat, and I often buy vegetables there .27I have f friends here, so I always stay at home at weekends.28再不走我们开会就要迟到了。

2018-2019学年度七年级下册期中数学试卷(含答案和解析)

2018-2019学年度七年级下册期中数学试卷(含答案和解析)

2018-2019学年度七年级下册期中数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.)1.下列运算结果正确的是()A.a2+a3=a5B.a2•a3=a6C.a3÷a2=a D.(a2)3=a52.如图,在“A”字型图中,AB、AC被DE所截,则∠ADE与∠DEC是()A.内错角B.同旁内角C.同位角D.对顶角3.下列从左到右的变形,属于因式分解的是()A.(x+3)(x﹣2)=x2+x﹣6B.ax﹣ay﹣1=a(x﹣y)﹣1C.8a2b3=2a2•4b3D.x2﹣4=(x+2)(x﹣2)4.如图,下列条件不能判定直线a∥b的是()A.∠1=∠3B.∠2=∠4C.∠2=∠3D.∠2+∠3=180°5.下列各式能用平方差公式计算的是()A.(2a+b)(2b﹣a)B.(﹣x+1)(﹣x﹣1)C.(a+b)(a﹣2b)D.(2x﹣1)(﹣2x+1)6.多边形剪去一个角后,多边形的外角和将()A.减少180°B.不变C.增大180°D.以上都有可能7.若a m=2,a n=3,则a m+n等于()A.5B.6C.8D.98.如图,△ABC中,∠A=60°,点E、F在AB、AC上,沿EF向内折叠△AEF,得△DEF,则图中∠1+∠2的和等于()A.60°B.90°C.120°D.150°二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.)9.分解因式:2x2﹣x=.10.一种细菌的半径是0.0000076厘米,用科学记数法表示为厘米.11.如图,直线a,b被直线c所截,且a∥b,如果∠1=65°,那么∠2=度.12.一个多边形的内角和为900°,则这个多边形的边数为.13.如图,在△ABC中,BC=5cm,把△ABC沿直线BC的方向平移到△DEF的位置,若EC=2cm,则平移的距离为cm.14.314×(﹣)7=.15.若等腰三角形有两边长为2cm、5cm,则第三边长为cm.16.若x2+mx+16可以用完全平方公式进行分解因式,则m的值等于.17.如图,将一副直角三角板如图所示放置,使含30°角的三角板的一条直角边和含45°的三角板的一条直角边重合,则∠1的度数为.18.对于任何实数,我们规定符号的意义是=ad﹣bc,按照这个规定,请你计算:当x2﹣3x+1=0时,的值为.三、解答题:(本大题共4小题,每题各6分,共24分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)19.计算:(﹣2)2﹣()﹣1+2018020.计算:a(2﹣a)+(a+1)(a﹣1)21.因式分解:9x2﹣6x+1.22.分解因式:x3﹣x四、解答题:(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,共16分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)23.化简再求值:(3﹣5y)(3+5y)+(3+5y)2,其中.y=0.424.已知:x+y=5,xy=﹣3,求:(1)x2+y2的值(2)(1﹣x)(1﹣y)的值五、解答题:(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,共16分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)25.如图,每个小正方形的边长为1个单位,每个小方格的顶点叫格点.(1)画出△ABC的AB边上的中线CD;(2)画出△ABC向右平移4个单位后得到的△A1B1C1;(3)图中AC与A1C1的关系是:;(4)能使S△ABQ=S△ABC的格点Q共有个.26.如图:已知∠1=∠2,∠3=∠B,FG⊥AB于G,猜想CD与AB的位置关系,并写出合适的理由.六、解答题:(本题10分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)27.计算如图所示的十字形草坪的面积时,小明和小丽都运用了割补的方法,但小明使“做加法”,列式为“a(a﹣2b)+2b(a﹣2b)”,小丽使“做减法”,列式为“a2﹣4b2”.(1)请你把上述两式都分解因式;(2)当a=63.5m、b=18.25m时,求这块草坪的面积.七、解答题:(本题10分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)28.如图1,已知∠ACD是△ABC的一个外角,我们容易证明∠ACD=∠A+∠B,即三角形的一个外角等于与它不相邻的两个内角的和.那么,三角形的一个内角与它不相邻的两个外角的和之间存在怎样的数量关系呢?尝试探究:(1)如图2,∠DBC与∠ECB分别为△ABC的两个外角,则∠DBC+∠ECB∠A+180°(横线上填>、<或=)初步应用:(2)如图3,在△ABC纸片中剪去△CED,得到四边形ABDE,∠1=135°,则∠2﹣∠C=.(3)解决问题:如图4,在△ABC中,BP、CP分别平分外角∠DBC、∠ECB,∠P与∠A有何数量关系?请利用上面的结论直接写出答案.(4)如图5,在四边形ABCD中,BP、CP分别平分外角∠EBC、∠FCB,请利用上面的结论探究∠P与∠A、∠D的数量关系.七年级(下)期中数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分.)1.【分析】根据合并同类项法则,同底数幂相乘,底数不变指数相加;同底数幂相除,底数不变指数相减;幂的乘方,底数不变指数相乘对各选项分析判断即可得解.【解答】解:A、a2与a3是加,不是乘,不能运算,故本选项错误;B、a2•a3=a2+3=a5,故本选项错误;C、a3÷a2=a3﹣2=a,故本选项正确;D、(a2)3=a2×3=a6,故本选项错误.故选:C.【点评】本题考查合并同类项、同底数幂的乘法、幂的乘方、同底数幂的除法,熟练掌握运算性质和法则是解题的关键.2.【分析】根据内错角是在截线两旁,被截线之内的两角,内错角的边构成”Z“形作答.【解答】解:如图,∠ADE与∠DEC是AB、AC被DE所截的内错角.故选:A.【点评】本题考查了内错角的定义,正确记忆内错角的定义是解决本题的关键.3.【分析】根据分解因式就是把一个多项式化为几个整式的积的形式的,利用排除法求解.【解答】解:A、是多项式乘法,不是因式分解,错误;B、右边不是积的形式,错误;C、不是把多项式化成整式的积,错误;D、是平方差公式,x2﹣4=(x+2)(x﹣2),正确.故选:D.【点评】这类问题的关键在于能否正确应用分解因式的定义来判断.4.【分析】同位角相等,两直线平行;内错角相等,两直线平行;同旁内角互补,两直线平行.根据平行线的判定定理进行解答.【解答】解:A、∵∠1=∠2,∴a∥b(同位角相等,两直线平行);B、∵∠2=∠4,∴a∥b(同位角相等,两直线平行);C、∠2=∠3与a,b的位置无关,不能判定直线a∥b;D、∵∠2+∠3=180°,∴a∥b(同旁内角互补,两直线平行).故选:C.【点评】本题主要考查了平行线的判定,正确识别“三线八角”中的同位角、内错角、同旁内角是正确答题的关键,当同位角相等、内错角相等、同旁内角互补,能推出两被截直线平行.5.【分析】原式利用平方差公式的结构特征判断即可得到结果.【解答】解:能用平方差公式计算的是(﹣x+1)(﹣x﹣1).故选:B.【点评】此题考查了平方差公式,熟练掌握公式是解本题的关键.6.【分析】多边形的内角和与边数相关,随着边数的不同而不同,而外角和是固定的360°,从而可得到答案.【解答】解:根据多边形的外角和为360°,可得:多边形剪去一个角后,多边形的外角和还是360°,故选:B.【点评】此题主要考查了多边形的外角和定理,题目比较简单,只要掌握住定理即可.7.【分析】根据a m•a n=a m+n,将a m=2,a n=3,代入即可.【解答】解:∵a m•a n=a m+n,a m=2,a n=3,∴a m+n=2×3=6.故选:B.【点评】此题考查了同底数幂的乘法运算,属于基础题,解答本题的关键是掌握同底数幂的乘法法则,难度一般.8.【分析】根据三角形的内角和等于180°求出∠AEF+∠AFE的度数,再根据折叠的性质求出∠AED+∠AFD的度数,然后根据平角等于180°解答.【解答】解:∵∠A=60°,∴∠AEF+∠AFE=180°﹣60°=120°,∵沿EF向内折叠△AEF,得△DEF,∴∠AED+∠AFD=2(∠AEF+∠AFE)=2×120°=240°,∴∠1+∠2=180°×2﹣240°=360°﹣240°=120°.故选:C.【点评】本题考查了三角形的内角和定理,翻转变换的性质,整体思想的利用是解题的关键.二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.)9.【分析】首先找出多项式的公因式,然后提取公因式法因式分解即可.【解答】解:2x2﹣x=2x•x﹣x•1=x(2x﹣1).故答案为:x(2x﹣1).【点评】此题主要考查了提取公因式法因式分解,根据题意找出公因式是解决问题的关键.10.【分析】绝对值小于1的正数也可以利用科学记数法表示,一般形式为a×10﹣n,与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂,指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定.【解答】解:一种细菌的半径是0.0000076厘米,用科学记数法表示为7.6×10﹣6厘米.故答案为:7.6×10﹣6.【点评】本题考查用科学记数法表示较小的数,一般形式为a×10﹣n,其中1≤|a|<10,n为由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定.11.【分析】直接根据两直线平行,同旁内角互补可以求出∠2的度数.【解答】解:∵a∥b,∠1=65°,∴∠2=180°﹣65°=115°.故应填:115.【点评】本题主要利用两直线平行,同旁内角互补的性质求值.12.【分析】本题根据多边形的内角和定理和多边形的内角和等于900°,列出方程,解出即可.【解答】解:设这个多边形的边数为n,则有(n﹣2)×180°=900°,解得:n=7,∴这个多边形的边数为7.故答案为:7.【点评】本题主要考查多边形的内角和定理,解题的关键是根据已知等量关系列出方程从而解决问题.13.【分析】根据平移的性质可得对应点连接的线段是AD、BE和CF,结合图形可直接求解.【解答】解:观察图形可知,对应点连接的线段是AD、BE和CF.∵BC=5cm,CE=2cm,∴平移的距离=BE=BC﹣EC=3cm.故答案为:3.【点评】本题主要考查了平移的基本性质:经过平移,对应点所连的线段平行且相等,对应线段平行且相等,对应角相等.14.【分析】运用幂的乘方法则以及积的乘方法则的逆运算,即可得到计算结果.【解答】解:314×(﹣)7=(32)7×(﹣)7=(﹣×9)7=(﹣1)7=﹣1,故答案为:﹣1.【点评】本题主要考查了幂的乘方法则以及积的乘方法则,积的乘方,把每一个因式分别乘方,再把所得的幂相乘.15.【分析】分2cm是腰长与底边两种情况,利用三角形的三边关系判定即可得解.【解答】解:①2cm是腰长时,三角形的三边分别为2cm、2cm、5cm,∵2+2=4<5,∴此时不能组成三角形;②2cm是底边时,三角形的三边分别为2cm、5cm、5cm,能够组成三角形,所以,第三边长为5cm,综上所述,第三边长为5cm.故答案为:5.【点评】本题考查了等腰三角形两腰相等的性质,三角形的三边关系,注意分情况讨论并利用三角形三边关系作出判断.16.【分析】直接利用完全平方公式分解因式进而得出答案.【解答】解:∵x2+mx+16可以用完全平方公式进行分解因式,∴m的值等于:±8.故答案为:±8.【点评】此题主要考查了公式法分解因式,正确运用公式是解题关键.17.【分析】根据三角形内角和定理求出∠DMC,求出∠AMF,根据三角形外角性质得出∠1=∠A+∠AMF,代入求出即可.【解答】解:∵∠ACB=90°,∴∠MCD=90°,∵∠D=60°,∴∠DMC=30°,∴∠AMF=∠DMC=30°,∵∠A=45°,∴∠1=∠A+∠AMF=45°+30°=75°,故答案为75°.【点评】本题考查了三角形内角和定理,三角形的外角性质的应用,解此题的关键是求出∠AMF 的度数.18.【分析】根据题中的新定义将所求式子化为普通运算,整理后将已知等式变形后代入计算即可求出值.【解答】解:∵x2﹣3x+1=0,x2﹣3x=﹣1,∴=(x+1)(x﹣1)﹣3x(x﹣2)=x2﹣1﹣3x2+6x=﹣2x2+6x﹣1=﹣2(x2﹣3x)﹣1=2﹣1=1.故答案为:1【点评】此题考查了整式的混合运算﹣化简求值,弄清题中的新定义是解本题的关键.三、解答题:(本大题共4小题,每题各6分,共24分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)19.【分析】直接利用负指数幂的性质以及零指数幂的性质化简进而得出答案.【解答】解:原式=4+2﹣1=3.【点评】此题主要考查了实数运算,正确化简各数是解题关键.20.【分析】直接利用单项式乘以多项式以及平方差公式计算得出答案.【解答】解:原式=2a﹣a2+a2﹣1=2a﹣1.【点评】此题主要考查了平方差公式以及单项式乘以多项式,正确运用公式是解题关键.21.【分析】原式利用完全平方公式分解即可.【解答】解:原式=(3x﹣1)2.【点评】此题考查了因式分解﹣运用公式法,熟练掌握完全平方公式是解本题的关键.22.【分析】此多项式有公因式,应先提取公因式,再对余下的多项式进行观察,有2项,可采用平方差公式继续分解.【解答】解:x3﹣x=x(x2﹣1)=x(x+1)(x﹣1).【点评】本题考查了提公因式法与公式法分解因式,要求灵活使用各种方法对多项式进行因式分解,一般来说,如果可以先提取公因式的要先提取公因式,再考虑运用公式法分解.四、解答题:(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,共16分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)23.【分析】直接利用乘法公式计算进而合并同类项,再把已知代入求出答案.【解答】解:原式=9﹣25y2+9+30y+25y2=30y+18,把y=0.4代入得:原式=30×0.4+18=30.【点评】此题主要考查了整式的混合运算,正确掌握基本运算法则是解题关键.24.【分析】(1)将x2+y2变形为(x+y)2﹣2xy,然后将x+y=5,xy=﹣3代入求解即可;(2)将所求式子展开整理成x+y与xy的值代入计算,即可得到所求式子的值.【解答】解(1)∵x+y=5,xy=﹣3,∴原式=(x+y)2﹣2xy=25﹣2×(﹣3)=31;(2)∵x+y=5,xy=﹣3,∴原式=1﹣y﹣x+xy=1﹣(x +y )+xy=1﹣5+(﹣3)=﹣7.【点评】本题考查了完全平方公式,解答本题的关键在于熟练掌握完全平方公式:(a ±b )2=a 2±2ab +b 2五、解答题:(本大题共2小题,每小题8分,共16分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)25.【分析】(1)根据中线的定义得出AB 的中点即可得出△ABC 的AB 边上的中线CD ; (2)平移A ,B ,C 各点,得出各对应点,连接得出△A 1B 1C 1;(3)利用平移的性质得出AC 与A 1C 1的关系;(4)首先求出S △ABC 的面积,进而得出Q 点的个数.【解答】解:(1)AB 边上的中线CD 如图所示:;(2)△A 1B 1C 1如图所示:;(3)根据平移的性质得出,AC 与A 1C 1的关系是:平行且相等;故答案为:平行且相等;(4)如图所示:能使S △ABQ =S △ABC 的格点Q ,共有4个.故答案为:4.【点评】此题主要考查了平移的性质以及三角形面积求法以及中线的性质,根据已知得出△ABC 的面积进而得出Q点位置是解题关键.26.【分析】已知∠3=∠B,根据同位角相等,两直线平行,则DE∥BC,通过平行线的性质和等量代换可得∠2=∠DCB,从而证得CD∥GF,又因为FG⊥AB,所以CD与AB的位置关系是垂直.【解答】解:CD⊥AB.∵∠3=∠B.∴DE∥BC,∴∠1=∠4,又∵∠1=∠2,∴∠2=∠4,∴GF∥CD,∴∠CDB=∠BGF,又∵FG⊥AB,∴∠BGF=90°,∴∠CDB=90°,即CD⊥AB.【点评】本题考查了平行线的判定与性质.根据平行线的判定和性质,通过等量代换求证CD与AB的位置关系.六、解答题:(本题10分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)27.【分析】(1)直接利用提取公因式法以及平方差公式分解因式,进而得出答案;(2)直接把已知数据代入进而得出答案.【解答】解:(1)a(a﹣2b)+2b(a﹣2b)=(a﹣2b)(a+2b);a2﹣4b2=(a﹣2b)(a+2b)(2)(a﹣2b)(a+2b)当a=63.5m、b=18.25m时,原式=(63.5﹣2×18.25)×(63.5+2×18.25)=(63.5﹣36.5)×(63.5+36.5)=2700.【点评】此题主要考查了公式法以及提取公因式法分解因式,正确分解因式是解题关键.七、解答题:(本题10分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或演算步骤)28.【分析】(1)根据三角形外角的性质得:∠DBC=∠A+∠ACB,∠ECB=∠A+∠ABC,两式相加可得结论;(2)利用(1)的结论:∵∠2+∠1﹣∠C=180°,将∠1=135°代入可得结论;(3)根据角平分线的定义得:∠CBP=∠DBC,∠BCP=∠ECB,根据三角形内角和可得:∠P的式子,代入(1)中得的结论:∠DBC+∠ECB=180°+∠A,可得:∠P=90°﹣∠A;(4)根据平角的定义得:∠EBC=180°﹣∠1,∠FCB=180°﹣∠2,由角平分线得:∠3=∠EBC=90°﹣∠1,∠4=∠FCB=90°﹣∠2,相加可得:∠3+∠4=180°﹣(∠1+∠2),再由四边形的内角和与三角形的内角和可得结论.【解答】解:(1)∠DBC+∠ECB﹣∠A=180°,理由是:∵∠DBC=∠A+∠ACB,∠ECB=∠A+∠ABC,∴∠DBC+∠ECB=2∠A+∠ACB+∠ABC=180°+∠A,∴∠DBC+∠ECB=∠A+180°.故答案为:=.(2)∠2﹣∠C=45°.理由是:∵∠2+∠1﹣∠C=180°,∠1=135°,∴∠2﹣∠C+135°=180°,∴∠2﹣∠C=45°.故答案为:45°;(3)∠P=90°﹣∠A,理由是:∵BP平分∠DBC,CP平分∠ECB,∴∠CBP=∠DBC,∠BCP=∠ECB,∵△BPC中,∠P=180°﹣∠CBP﹣∠BCP=180°﹣(∠DBC+∠ECB),∵∠DBC+∠ECB=180°+∠A,∴∠P=180°﹣(180°+∠A)=90°﹣∠A.故答案为:∠P=90°﹣∠A,(4)∠P=180°﹣(∠A+∠D).理由是:∵∠EBC=180°﹣∠1,∠FCB=180°﹣∠2,∵BP平分∠EBC,CP平分∠FCB,∴∠3=∠EBC=90°﹣∠1,∠4=∠FCB=90°﹣∠2,∴∠3+∠4=180°﹣(∠1+∠2),∵四边形ABCD中,∠1+∠2=360°﹣(∠A+∠D),又∵△PBC中,∠P=180°﹣(∠3+∠4)=(∠1+∠2),∴∠P=×[360°﹣(∠A+∠D)]=180°﹣(∠A+∠D).【点评】本题是四边形和三角形的综合问题,考查了三角形和四边形的内角和定理、三角形外角的性质、角平分线的定义等知识,难度适中,熟练掌握三角形外角的性质是关键.。

2018-2019学年成都七中育才学校七年级(上)期中数学试卷(含解析)

2018-2019学年成都七中育才学校七年级(上)期中数学试卷(含解析)

2018-2019学年成都七中育才学校七年级(上)期中数学试卷(考试时间:120分钟满分:150分)A卷(共100分)一.选择题(每小题3分,共30分)1.3的相反数是()A.3 B.C.﹣3 D.﹣2.用平面截一个几何体,如果截面的形状是长方形(或正方形),那么该几何体不可能是()A.圆柱B.棱柱C.圆锥D.正方体3.2018年国庆假期,各地旅游市场总体实现了“安全、有序、优质、高效、文明”目标.经中国旅游研究院(文化和旅游部数据中心)测算,全国共接待国内游客约7.26亿人次.数据7.26亿表示为科学记数法是()A.7.26×109B.7.26×108C.0.726×109D.72.6×1084.以下各式不是代数式的是()A.πa+b B.C.5>3 D.05.单项式﹣的系数和次数分别是()A.﹣,4 B.2,4 C.﹣,3 D.﹣2,36.下列各式中,去括号正确的是()A.a+(b﹣c)=a﹣b﹣c B.a﹣(b+c)=a﹣b+cC.a+2(b+c)=a+2b+c D.a﹣2(b﹣c)=a﹣2b+2c7.如图是一个正方体的展开图,则“数”字的对面的字是()A.核B.心C.素D.养8.下列式子化简不正确的是()A.+(﹣3)=﹣3 B.﹣(﹣3)=3 C.|﹣3|=﹣3 D.﹣|﹣3|=﹣39.下列合并同类项,正确的是()A.2a+3b=6ab B.ab﹣ba=0 C.5a2﹣4a2=1 D.﹣t﹣t=010.小明父亲拟用不锈钢制造一个上部是一个长方形、下部是一个正方形的窗户,相关数据(单位米)如图所示,那么制造这个窗户所需不锈钢的总长是()A.(4a+2b)米B.(5a+2b)米C.(6a+2b)米D.(a2+ab)米二、填空题(每小题4分,共16分)11.多项式a2b+ab﹣1是次项式.12.一个立体图形是由若干个小正方体堆积而成的,其三视图如下图所示,则组成这个立体图形的小正方体有个.13.(﹣)3的底数是,计算的结果是14.观察下列单项式:x,3x2,5x3,7x4,…,按此规律,第7个单项式是.三.解答题(共54分)15.(16分)计算(1)﹣9+5﹣(﹣12)+(﹣3)(2)|﹣6|+6×()(3)(﹣5)×(﹣)+(﹣7)×(﹣)﹣(﹣12)×(﹣)(4)2×(﹣3)2﹣×(﹣22)+616.(8分)化简下列代数式(1)2ax2﹣3ax2﹣5ax2 (2)﹣(﹣2x2y)﹣(+3xy2)+2(﹣5x2y+2xy2)17.(6分)先化简,再求值:﹣2(xy2+3xy)+3(1﹣xy2)﹣1,其中x=,y=﹣118.(6分)如图,用棱长为1的小立方体搭成几何体,请计算它的体积和表面积.19.(8分)小明在对代数式﹣2x2+ax﹣y+6﹣bx2+3x﹣5y+1化简后,没有含字母x的项,请求出代数式(a ﹣b)2的值.20.(10分)半期后2021届将全面推进未来课堂学习方式,为保证同学们顺利学习,学校决定购买一批平板电脑和平板笔以作备用.据了解,平板电脑和平板笔的市场统一价分别为3300元和160元,现有甲、乙两家公司到分别提出优惠方案:甲公司优惠方案为每购买一台平板电脑则赠送10支平板笔;乙公司优惠方案为所有项目总价打八折.(1)若学校计划购买10台平板电脑,x支平板笔(x>100),用含x的代数式表示出甲公司的总费用为元;(2)若学校计划购买10台平板电脑,200支平板笔;①只能选择一家公司购买,则哪家更加合算?请通过计算说明;②两家公司可以自由选择或组合,则怎样购买更合算?请通过计算说明.B卷(50分)一、填空题(每小题4分,共20分)21.若(x﹣2y﹣2)2+|m﹣3|=0,则m2x﹣4y+1=22.已知a、b互为相反数,c、d互为倒数,x的绝对值是1.则x﹣(a+b+cd)=23.定义一种新运算观察下列式子:1*3=1×4﹣3=13*(﹣1)=3×4+1=134*6=4×4﹣6=105*(﹣2)=5×4+2=22那么7*5=,3*(﹣2)=24.如图,一只甲虫在5×5的方格(每小格边长为1)上沿着网格线运动.它从A处出发去看望B、C、D 处的其它甲虫,规定:向上向右走为正,向下向左走为负.如果从A到B记为:A→B(+1,+4),从B到A 记为:B→A(﹣1,﹣4),其中第一个数表示左右方向,第二个数表示上下方向.(1)图中A→C(,),B→C(,),C→(+1,);(2)若图中另有两个格点M、N,且M→A(3﹣a,b﹣4),M→N(5﹣a,b﹣2),则N→A应记为.25.如图,棱长为5的正方体AEFB﹣DHGC,可以看成由125个棱长为1的小正方体组成.M、N分别为棱AD、BC的中点,若将大正方体按如图所示切割后,剩下部分为三棱柱NFG﹣MEH(如图阴影部分),那么此三棱柱还包括个完整的棱长为1的小正方体.二、解答题(共30分)26.(8分)已知:有理数a、b在数轴上对应的点如图,(1)化简(2)化简:|a+b|﹣|1﹣a|﹣|b+1|27.(10分)如图,A在数轴上所对应的数为﹣2.(1)点B与点A相距4个单位长度,则点B所对应的数为(2)在(1)的条件下,如图1,点A以每秒2个单位长度沿数轴向左运动,点B以每秒2个单位长度沿数轴向右运动,当点A运动到﹣6所在的点处时,求A,B两点间距离(3)如图2,若点B对应的数是10.现有点P从点A出发,以4个单位长度/秒的速度向右运动,同时另一点Q从点B出发,以1个单位长度/秒的速度向右运动,设运动时间为t秒.在运动过程中,P到B的距离、B到Q的距离以及P到Q的距离中,是否会有某两段距离相等的时候?若有,请求出此时t的值;若没有,请说明理由.28.(12分)把正整数1,2,3,4,…,排列成如图1所示的一个表,从上到下分别称为第1行、第2行、…,从左到右分别称为第1列、第2列、….用图2所示的方框在图1中框住16个数,把其中没有被阴影覆盖的四个数分别记为A、B、C、D.设A=x(1)在图1中,2018排在第行第列(2)将图1中的奇数都改为原数的相反数,偶数不变①设此时图1中排在第m行第n列的数(m、n都是正整数)为w,请用含m、n的式子表示w;②此时A+B﹣C﹣D的值能否为2018?如果能,请求出A所表示的数;如果不能,请说明理由(3)任取上表中的一个数y,若它是奇数,则乘以3加上1,若它是偶数,则除以2,按此规则经过若干步的计算最终可得到1.这个结论在数学上还没有得到证明,但举例验证都是正确的.例如:取数字5,最少经过下面5步运算可得1,即:,如果y最少经过7步运算可得到1,记y所在的位置为第m行第n列,计算m与n的乘积,所得乘积的最大值与最小值之差为多少?请直接写出结果,不必书写计算过程.参考答案与试题解析1.【解答】解:3的相反数是﹣3,故选:C.2.【解答】解:A、圆柱的轴截面是长方形,不符合题意;B、棱柱的轴截面是长方形,不符合题意;C、圆锥的截面为与圆有关的或与三角形有关的形状,符合题意;D、正方体的轴截面是正方形,不符合题意;故选:C.3.【解答】解:7.26亿=726000000=7.26×108.故选:B.4.【解答】解:5>3为不等式,不是代数式.故选:C.5.【解答】解:单项式﹣的系数是﹣,次数是4,故选:A.6.【解答】解:A、a+(b﹣c)=a+b﹣c,故本选项错误;B、a﹣(b+c)=a﹣b﹣c,故本选项错误;C、a+2(b+c)=a+2b+2c,故本选项错误;D、a﹣2(b﹣c)=a﹣2b+2c,故本选项正确;故选:D.7.【解答】解:这是一个正方体的平面展开图,共有六个面,其中“数”字的对面的字是养.故选:D.8.【解答】解:+(﹣3)=﹣3,A化简正确;﹣(﹣3)=3,B化简正确;|﹣3|=3,C化简不正确;﹣|﹣3|=﹣3,D化简正确;故选:C.9.【解答】解:A.2a与3b不是同类项,此选项错误;B.ab﹣ba=0,此选项正确;C.5a2﹣4a2=a2,此选项错误;D.﹣t﹣t=﹣2t,此选项错误;故选:B.10.【解答】解:依题意得:2(a+b)+3a=5a+2b.故选:B.11.【解答】解:多项式a2b+ab﹣1是三次三项式.故答案为:三;三.12.【解答】解:综合主视图,俯视图,左视图:底面有5个正方体,第二层有2个正方体,第三层有个1正方体,所以组成这个立体图形的小正方体有8个.13.【解答】解:的底数是,计算结果为,故答案为:;14.【解答】解:因为x,3x2,5x3,7x4,…,所以第n个单项式为:(2n﹣1)x n,所以第7个单项式为13x7,故答案为:13x715.【解答】解:(1)原式=﹣9+5+12﹣3=﹣12+12+5=5;(2)原式=6+3﹣2=7;(3)原式=﹣×(﹣5﹣7+12)=0;(4)原式=2×9﹣×(﹣4)+6=18+1+6=25.16.【解答】解:(1)原式=(2a﹣3a﹣5a)x2=﹣6ax2;(2)2x2y﹣3xy2﹣10x2y+4xy2=﹣8x2y+xy2.17.【解答】解:﹣2(xy2+3xy)+3(1﹣xy2)﹣1=﹣2xy2﹣6xy+3﹣3xy2﹣1=﹣5xy2﹣6xy+2,当x=,y=﹣1时,原式=﹣5××(﹣1)2﹣6××(﹣1)+2=.18.【解答】解:小立方体的棱长是1,所以每个小立方体的体积是1,有7个小立方体,所以这个几何体的体积是7;从正面看,有4个面,从后面看有4个面,从上面看,有4个面,从下面看,有4个面,从左面看,有6个面,从右面看,有6个面,所以几何体的表面积为(4+4+6)×2=28.19.【解答】解:﹣2x2+ax﹣y+6﹣bx2+3x﹣5y+1=(﹣2﹣b)x2+(a+3)x﹣6y+7,∵代数式﹣2x2+ax﹣y+6﹣bx2+3x﹣5y+1化简后,没有含字母x的项,∴﹣2﹣b=0,a+3=0,解得:a=﹣3,b=﹣2,∴(a﹣b)2=(﹣3+2)2=1.20.【解答】解:(1)根据题意得,3300×10+160(x﹣10×10)=160x+17000,故答案为:(160x+17000);(2)①甲公司:3300×10+160×(200﹣10×10)=49000(元),乙公司:(3300×10+160×200)×80%=52000(元),∵49000<52000,∴选择甲公司较合算;②设在甲公司买x台电脑,剩下所需要部分电脑与平板笔在乙公司购买,若总费用为w元,则w=3300x+[3300(10﹣x)+160(200﹣10x)]×80%=﹣620x+52000(0≤x≤10),∵﹣620<0,∴w随x的增大而减少,∴当x=10时,w的值最小.故在甲公司购买10台平板电脑,在乙公司购买100支平板笔,最合算.21.【解答】解:由题意得,x﹣2y﹣2=0,m﹣3=0,解得x﹣2y=2,m=3,所以m2x﹣4y+1=m2(x﹣2y)+1=35=243.故答案为:243.22.【解答】解:根据题意知a+b=0、cd=1,x=1或x=﹣1,当x=1时,原式=1﹣(0+1)=1﹣1=0;当x=﹣1时,原式=﹣1﹣(0+1)=﹣1﹣1=﹣2;综上,原式的值为0或﹣2,故答案为:0或﹣2.23.【解答】解:7*5=7×4﹣5=28﹣5=23,3*(﹣2)=3×4﹣(﹣2)=12+2=14,故答案为:23、14.24.【解答】解:(1)∵规定:向上向右走为正,向下向左走为负∴A→C记为(3,4)B→C记为(2,0)C →D记为(1,﹣1);A→B→C→D记为(1,4),(2,0),(1,﹣1);(2)∵M→A(3﹣a,b﹣4),M→N(5﹣a,b﹣2),∴5﹣a﹣(3﹣a)=2,b﹣2﹣(b﹣4)=2,∴点A向右走2个格点,向上走2个格点到点N,∴N→A应记为﹣2.故答案为:3;4;2;0;D;﹣1;﹣225.【解答】解:如图所示,在△NFG中,完整的正方形有8个,则此三棱柱包括完整的棱长为1的小正方体有8×5=40个,故答案为:40.26.【解答】解:(1)由数轴可知:a>0,b<0,所以原式=+=;(2)由数轴可知:1>a>0,b<﹣1,所以a+b<0,1﹣a>0,b+1<0,所以原式=﹣(a+b)﹣(1﹣a)﹣[﹣(b+1)]=﹣a﹣b﹣1+a+b+1=0.27.【解答】解:(1)设B点表示的数为x,由题意得,|x﹣(﹣2)|=4,解得,x=﹣6或2,故答案为:﹣6或2;(2)当B为﹣6时,B点运动后的表示数为﹣6+[(﹣2)﹣(﹣6)]=﹣2,则AB=(﹣2)﹣(﹣6)=4;当B为2时,B点运动后的表示数为2+[(﹣2)﹣(﹣6)]=+6,则AB=(+6)﹣(﹣6)=12;综上,A、B两点的距离为4或12;(3)根据题意知,PB=|﹣2+4t﹣10|=|4t﹣12|,QB=t,PQ=|(10+t)﹣(﹣2+4t)|=|12﹣3t|,若PB=QB,则|4t﹣12|=t,解得t=4或;若PB=PQ,则|4t﹣12|=|12﹣3t|,解得,t=0或;若QB=PQ,则|12﹣3t|=t,解得,t=3或6;综上,在运动过程中,P到B的距离、B到Q的距离以及P到Q的距离中,会有某两段距离相等的时候:当t=4秒或秒时,PB=QB;当t=0秒或秒时,PB=PQ;当t=3秒或6秒时,QB=PQ.28.【解答】解:(1)∵2018=8×252+2,∴2018排在第253行第2列,故答案为:253,2;(2)①∵8个数为一行,∴每一行的第一个数是[8(行数﹣1)+1],后面的数依次加1,∵当n是奇数时,对应的数也为奇数;当n是偶数时,对应的数也为偶数;∴当n是奇数时,w=﹣[8(m﹣1)+n]=﹣8m+8﹣n;当n是偶数时,w=8(m﹣1)+n=8m﹣8+n;②A+B﹣C﹣D的值不能为2018;理由如下:如果结果等于2018,说明此时A、B都是正数,C、D都是负数,设A=x,则B=x+24,D=﹣(x+3),C=﹣(x+27),∴A+B﹣C﹣D=x+x+24+x+3+x+27=4x+54=2018,解得x=491,∴A所表示的数应为491,∵491为奇数,A为负数,与A、B都是正数矛盾,∴A+B﹣C﹣D的值不能为2018;(3)∵∴所有符合条件的值为:128、21、20、3,则3为第1行第3列,m×n=1×3=3,20为第3行第4列,m×n=3×4=12,20为第3行第5列,m×n=3×5=15,128为第16行第8列,m×n=16×8=128,∴m与n乘积的最大值与最小值之差为:128﹣3=125。

2018-2019学年天津育才中学七年级上期中数学试卷附解析

2018-2019学年天津育才中学七年级上期中数学试卷附解析

______.
【答案】4
【解析】解: 用 ೩
೩,
1用 用
1

1用
1用
1
1

故答案为:4.
根据 用 ೩
೩,将 1 用 用
化为我们熟悉的运算即可.
本题考查了有理数的混合运算,是一道新定义的题目,要熟练掌握运算法则.
. 若 x,y 为实数,且 ‫ݔ‬
‫ݔ‬
,则
1的值为______.
第 1 页,共 15页
【答案】 1
本题考查了正负号的意义:上升为正,下降为负;在进行有理数加法运算时,首先判断
两个加数的符号:是同号还是异号,是否有 0,从而确定用那一条法则.在应用过程中,
要牢记“先符号,后绝对值”.
. . 的倒数是______; 的相反数是______;最小的非负整数是:______. 【答案】 5 0 【解析】解: . 的倒数是 5; 的相反数是 ; 最小的非负整数是:0, 故答案为: 5, ,0. 根据乘积为 1 的两个数倒数,可得一个数的倒数,根据只有符号不同的两个数互为相反 数,可得一个数的相反数,根据 0 是非负整数,可得答案. 本题考查了倒数,先把小数化成分数,再求倒数.
. 小明同学在一条南北走向的公路上晨练,跑步情况记录如下:向北为正,单位: :
500,
, ,800 小明同学跑步的总路程为
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】C
【解析】解:各个数的绝对值的和:5
米.
则小明同学跑步的总路程为 2400 米.
故选:C.
求出运动情况中记录的各个数的绝对值的和即可.
考查了正数和负数,解题关键是理解“正”和“负”的相对性,明确什么是一对具有相

2019-2020学年实验中学七年级下学期期中数学试卷(含答案解析)

2019-2020学年实验中学七年级下学期期中数学试卷(含答案解析)

2019-2020学年实验中学七年级下学期期中数学试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共30.0分)1.下列图形是公共设施标志,其中是轴对称图形的是()A. B. C. D.2.如图,直线AB,CD,EF相交于点O,且AB⊥CD,∠1与∠2的关系是()A. ∠1+∠2=180°B. ∠1+∠2=90°C. ∠1=∠2D. 无法确定3.对于圆的周长公式C=2πR,下列说法正确的是()A. π.R是变量,2是常量B. R是变量,π是常量C. C是变量,π.R是常量D. C。

4.由多项式乘法可得:(a+b)(a2−ab+b2)=a3−a2b+ab2+a2b−ab2+b3=a3+b3,即得等式①:(a+b)(a2−ab+b2)=a3+b3,我们把等式①叫做多项式乘法的立方和公式,下列应用这个立方和公式进行的变形正确的是()A. (x+2y)(x2+4y2)=x3+8y3B. x3+27=(x+3)(x2−3x+9)C. (x+2y)(x2−2xy+4y2)=x3+2y3D. a3+1=(a+1)(a2+a+1)5.下列语句错误的是()A. 两点确定一条直线B. 同角的余角相等C. 两点之间线段最短D. 两点之间的距离是指连接这两点的线段6.下列运算正确的是()A. (m−n)2=m2−n2B. (m2)4=m6C. m2⋅n2=(nm)4D. a6÷a2=a47.如图,直线l1//l2,且分别与△ABC的两边AB、AC相交,若∠A=45°,∠2=70°,则∠1的度数为()A. 45°B. 65°C. 70°D. 110°8.下列算式计算结果为x2−x−12的是()A. (x+3)(x−4)B. (x−3)(x+4)C. (x−3)(x−4)D. (x+3)(x+4)9.下列说法错误的是()A. 对顶角相等B. 同位角不相等,两直线不平行C. 钝角大于它的补角D. 锐角大于它的余角10.如图,AB//CD,∠A=70°,OC=OE,则∠C的度数为()A. 25°B. 35°C. 45°D. 55°二、填空题(本大题共6小题,共18.0分)11.如图,AB为⊙O的直径,点C为AB⏜上的一点,且∠BAC=30°,点B为CD⏜的中点,则∠ABD的度数为______.12.如果x+y=4,x2+y2=14,那么(x−y)2=______.13.已知a n=2,a m=8,则a n+m=______.14.汽车油箱内有油40L,每行驶100km耗油10L,求行驶过程中油箱内剩余测量Q(L)与行驶路程s(km)的函数表达式________.15.如图,∠ABC=∠ACB,BD、CD、BE分别平分△ABC的内角∠ABC、外角∠ACP、外角∠MBC,以下结论:①AD//BC;②DB⊥BE;③∠BDC+∠ABC=90°;④∠A+2∠BEC=180°.其中正确的结论有______.(填序号)16.若(x+1x )2=254,试求(x−1x)2的值为______.三、解答题(本大题共7小题,共72.0分)17.先化简,再求值[(x−2y)2−(x+y)(x−3y)]÷(−y),其中x=−1,y=12.18.先化简,再求值:(2a+3)2−(2a+1)(2a−1),其中a=−3.19.如图,在△ABC中,∠ABC和∠ACB的平分线交于点D,过点D作EF//BC交AB于点E,交AC于点F.若BE=2,CF=3,求线段EF的长.20.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,E为CA延长线上一点,D为AB上一点,F为△ABC外一点且AC=AE=AF=AD=1,EF//AB,连接DF,BF.(1)当∠CAB的度数是多少时,四边形ADFE为菱形,请说明理由;(2)当AB=______时,四边形ACBF为正方形.(请直接写出)21.在△ABC中,∠ABC<90°,将△ABC在平面内绕点B顺时针旋转(旋转角不超过180°),得到△DBE,其中点A的对应点为点D,连接CE,CE//AB.(1)如图1,试猜想∠ABC与∠BEC之间满足的等量关系,并给出证明;(2)如图2,若点D在边BC上,DC=4,AC=2√19,求AB的长.22.推理填空.已知DG⊥BC,AC⊥BC,EF⊥AB,∠1=∠2,求证:CD⊥AB.证明:∵DG⊥BC,AC⊥BC,∴∠DGB=∠ACB=90°,∴DG//AC.(______)∴∠2=______.(______)∵∠1=∠2.(已知)∴∠1=∠______.(等量代换)∴EF//CD.(______)∴∠AEF=∠ADC.(______)∵EF⊥AB,∴∠AEF=90°,∴∠ADC=90°,∴CD⊥AB.(______)23.某市为了鼓励居民节约用水,决定水费实行两级收费制度.若每月用水量不超过10吨(含10吨),则每吨按优惠价m元收费;若毎月用水量超过10吨,则超过部分毎吨按市场价n元收费,小明家3月份用水20吨,交水费50元;4月份用水18吨,交水费44元.(1)求每吨水的优惠价和市场价分別是多少?(2)设每月用水量为x吨,应交水费为y元,请写出y与x之间的函数关系式.【答案与解析】1.答案:C解析:解:A、不是轴对称图形,故此选项错误;B、不是轴对称图形,故此选项错误;C、是轴对称图形,故此选项正确;D、不是轴对称图形,故此选项错误;故选:C.根据如果一个图形沿一条直线折叠,直线两旁的部分能够互相重合,这个图形叫做轴对称图形,这条直线叫做对称轴进行分析即可.此题主要考查了轴对称图形,关键是掌握轴对称图形的概念.2.答案:B解析:解:∵直线AB、EF相交于O点,∴∠1=∠3,又∵AB⊥CD,∴∠2+∠3=90°,∴∠1+∠2=90°.故选B.利用对顶角相等可得∠1=∠3,因为∠2+∠3=90°,所以∠1+∠2=90°.本题考查了对顶角相等的性质,垂直的定义,解决本题的关键是利用垂直的定义,要注意领会由垂直得直角这一要点.3.答案:D解析:常量就是在变化过程中不变的量,变量是指在变化过程中随时可以发生变化的量.R是变量,2、π是常量.故选D.考点:常量与变量.4.答案:B解析:解:A、(x+2y)(x2−2xy+4y2)=x3+8y3,原变形错误,故此选项不符合题意;B、x3+27=(x+3)(x2−3x+9),原变形正确,故此选项符合题意;C、(x+2y)(x2−2xy+4y2)=x3+8y3,原变形错误,故此选项不符合题意;D、a3+1=(a+1)(a2−a+1),原变形错误,故此选项不符合题意,故选:B.根据多项式乘法的立方公式判断即可.本题主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及多项式乘法的立方公式.透彻理解公式是解题的关键.5.答案:D解析:根据两点确定一条直线,同角的余角相等,线段的性质,两点之间的距离即可判断.本题考查了对直线的性质,余角或补角,线段的性质的理解和运用,知识点有:两点确定一条直线,同角的余角或补角相等,两点之间线段最短.解:A、两点确定一条直线是正确的,不符合题意;B、同角的余角相等是正确的,不符合题意;C、两点之间,线段最短是正确的,不符合题意;D、两点之间的距离是指连接这两点的线段的长度,原来的说法是错误的,符合题意.故选:D.6.答案:D解析:解:A、结果是m2−2mn+n2,故本选项不符合题意;B、结果是m8,故本选项不符合题意;C、结果是(mn)2,故本选项不符合题意;D、结果是a4,故本选项符合题意;故选:D.根据完全平方公式,积的乘方和幂的乘方,同底数幂的除法分别求出每个式子的值,再判断即可.本题考查了完全平方公式,积的乘方和幂的乘方,同底数幂的除法等知识点,能求出每个式子的值是解此题的关键.7.答案:B解析:本题考查了平行线的性质,三角形的内角和定理,对顶角相等的应用,解此题的关键是求出∠AEF的度数,注意:两直线平行,同位角相等.依据已知和对顶角相等即可得到∠2=70°=∠AFE,利用三角形内角和定理可得∠AEF=65°,依据平行线的性质可得∠1的度数.解:∵∠A=45°,∠2=70°=∠AFE,∴∠AEF=180°−45°−70°=65°,∵l1//l2,∴∠1=∠AEF=65°,故选:B.8.答案:A解析:解:x2−x−12=(x+3)(x−4),则(x+3)(x−4)=x2−x−12.故选:A.利用十字相乘法分解因式即可得到结果.此题考查了多项式乘多项式,熟练掌握十字相乘法是解本题的关键.9.答案:D解析:解:A.对顶角相等,本项正确;B.根据平行线的判定,同位角不相等,两直线不平行,本项正确;C.钝角的补角是锐角,钝角大于锐角,故本项正确;D.锐角大于它的余角,如锐角为30°,它的余角为60°,故本项错误.故选:D.根据平行线的判定与对顶角的性质,以及余角和补角的知识,即可求得答案.本题主要考查了平行线的判定与对顶角的性质,以及余角和补角的知识.熟记定理与法则是解题的关键.10.答案:B解析:解:∵AB//CD,∴∠DOE=∠BAE=70°,∵OC=OE,∴∠C=∠E,又∠DOE=2∠C,∴∠C=35°,故选:B.利用平行可求得∠DOE,结合等腰三角形和外角的性质可求得∠C.本题主要考查等腰三角形的性质及平行线的性质,掌握等边对等角是解题的关键,注意外角性质的利用.11.答案:60°解析:此题考查圆周角定理,关键是根据直径所对的圆周角是90°以及圆周角定理解答.根据直径所对的圆周角是90°以及圆周角定理解答即可.解:∵AB为⊙O的直径,∠BAC=30°,∴∠ABC=90°−30°=60°,∵点B为CD⏜的中点,∴DB⏜=BC⏜,∴AD⏜=AC⏜,∴∠ABD=∠ABC=60°,故答案为60°.12.答案:12解析:解:∵x+y=4,∴x2+2xy+y2=16,而x2+y2=14,∴2xy=2,∴(x−y)2=x2−2xy+y2=14−2=12.故答案为12.把x+y=4两边平方得到x2+2xy+y2=16,而x2+y2=14,易得2xy=2,然后根据完全平方公式展开(x−y)2=x2−2xy+y2,再利用整体代入得方法求值.本题考查了完全平方公式:(x±y)2=x2±2xy+y2.也考查了代数式的变形能力以及整体思想的运用.13.答案:16解析:解:∵a n=2,a m=8,∴a n+m=a n⋅a m=2×8=16.故答案为:16.直接利用同底数幂的乘法运算法则化简得出答案.此题主要考查了同底数幂的乘法运算,正确将原式变形是解题关键.14.答案:Q=30−0.1s解析:根据每行驶100km耗油10L,可得单位耗油量,根据单位耗油量乘以路程,可得行驶s千米的耗油量,根据总油量减去耗油量,可得剩余油量.∵汽车油箱内有油40L,每行驶100km耗油10L,∴汽车行驶过程中油箱内剩余的油量Q(L)与行驶路程s(km)之间的函数表达式为:Q=30−0.1s.故答案为:Q=30−0.1s.15.答案:①②③④解析:解:①∵BD、CD分别平分△ABC的内角∠ABC、外角∠ACP,∴AD平分△ABC的外角∠FAC,∴∠FAD=∠DAC,∵∠FAC=∠ACB+∠ABC,且∠ABC=∠ACB,∴∠FAD=∠ABC,∴AD//BC,故①正确.②∵BD、BE分别平分△ABC的内角∠ABC、外角∠MBC,∴∠DBE=∠DBC+∠EBC=12∠ABC+12∠MBC=12×180°=90°,∴EB⊥DB,故②正确,③∵∠DCP=∠BDC+∠CBD,2∠DCP=∠BAC+2∠DBC,∴2(∠BDC+∠CBD)=∠BAC+2∠DBC,∴∠BDC=12∠BAC,∵∠BAC+2∠ACB=180°,∴12∠BAC+∠ACB=90°,∴∠BDC+∠ACB=90°,故③正确,④∵∠BEC=180°−12(∠MBC+∠NCB)=180°−12(∠BAC+∠ACB+∠BAC+∠ABC)=180°−12(180°+∠BAC),∴∠BEC=90°−12∠BAC,∴∠BAC+2∠BEC=180°,故④正确,故答案为:①②③④.根据角平分线的定义、三角形的内角和定理、三角形的外角的性质、平行线的判定、菱形的判定、等边三角形的判定一一判断即可.本题考查了三角形的一个外角等于与它不相邻的两个内角的和的性质,角平分线的定义,三角形的内角和定理,平行线的判定与性质,菱形的判定和性质、等边三角形的判定等知识,熟记各性质并综合分析,理清图中各角度之间的关系是解题的关键.16.答案:94解析:解:∵(x+1x )2=254,∴x2+1x2=254−2=174,∴(x−1x )2=x2+1x2−2,=174−2,=94.先根据完全平方公式把(x+1x )2展开,求出x2+1x2的值,然后再利用完全平方公式把(x−1x)2展开,代入计算即可.本题考查了完全平方公式,关键是利用x和1x 互为倒数乘积是1与完全平方公式来进行解题.(x−1x)2和(x+1x )2都含有式子x2+1x2,并且乘积项都是常数,所以先利用条件求出x2+1x2的值,再求(x−1x)2的值.该类型题大同小异.17.答案:解:[(x−2y)2−(x+y)(x−3y)]÷(−y)=[x2−4xy+4y2−x2+3xy−xy+3y2]÷(−y)=(−2xy+7y2)÷(−y)=2x−7y,当x=−1,y=12时,原式=−2−3.5=−5.5.解析:先算括号内的乘法,再合并同类项,算除法,最后代入求出即可.本题考查了整式的混合运算和求值,能正确根据整式的运算法则进行化简是解此题的关键.18.答案:解:(2a+3)2−(2a+1)(2a−1)=4a2+12a+9−4a2+1=12a+10,当a=−3时,原式=−36+10=−26.解析:先根据多项式乘以多项式和乘法公式算乘法,再合并同类项,最后代入求出即可.本题考查了整式的混合运算和求值,能正确根据整式的运算法则进行化简是解此题的关键.19.答案:解:∵BD平分∠ABC,∴∠ABD=∠CBD,∵EF//BC,∴∠EDB=∠DBC,∴∠ABD=∠EDB,∴BE=ED,同理DF=CF,∴EF=BE+CF=5,解析:根据BD平分∠ABC,可得∠ABD=∠CDB,再利用EF//BC,可证BE=ED和DF=CF,然后即可证明BE+CF=EF.此题主要考查学生对等腰三角形的判定与性质和平行线性质的理解和掌握,解答此题的关键是熟练掌握等腰三角形的两角相等或两边相等.20.答案:√2解析:解:(1)当∠CAB=60°时,四边形ADFE为菱形,理由如下:∵AE=AF=AD∴∠AEF=∠AFE,∵EF//AB∴∠AFE=∠DAF,∠AEF=∠CAB=60°∴∠FAD=60°∴△AEF,△AFD都是等边三角形∴AE=AF=AD=EF=FD∴四边形ADFE为菱形(2)若四边形ACBF为正方形∴AC=BC=1,∠ACB=90°∴AB=√2∴当AB=√2时,四边形ACBF为正方形故答案为:√2(1)当∠CAB=60°时,四边形ADFE为菱形;由平行线的性质可证∠AFE=∠DAF,∠AEF=∠CAB= 60°,可得△AEF,△AFD都是等边三角形,可得AE=AF=AD=EF=FD,即可得结论.(2)由正方形的性质可求解.本题考查了正方形的判定和性质,菱形的判定和性质,等腰三角形的性质,灵活运用这些性质解决问题是本题的关键.21.答案:解:(1)∠ABC=∠BEC理由如下:∵旋转∴BE=BC∴∠BCE=∠BEC∵CE//AB∴∠ABC=∠BCE∴∠ABC=∠BEC(2)如图,过点D作DF⊥CE于点E,∵旋转∴AC=DE=2√19,BC=BE,∠ABC=∠DBE,AB=BD∴∠BEC=∠BCE,∵CE//AB∴∠BCE=∠ABC∴∠DBE=∠BEC=∠BCE∴△BCE是等边三角形∴BC=BE=EC,∠DCE=60°,且DF⊥CE,∴∠CDF=30°CD=2,DF=√3CF=2√3∴CF=12在Rt△DEF中,EF=√DE2−DF2=√76−12=8∴CE=EF+CF=10=BC∴BD=BC−CD=10−4=6=AB解析:(1)由旋转的性质可得BC=BE,可得∠BCE=∠BEC,由平行线的性质可得∠ABC=∠BCE=∠BEC;(2)过点D作DF⊥CE于点E,由旋转的性质可得AC=DE=2√19,BC=BE,∠ABC=∠DBE,可证△BCE是等边三角形,由直角三角形的性质可求CF的长,由勾股定理可求EF的长,可得CE=BC= 10,即可得BD=AB的长.本题考查了旋转的性质,平行线的性质,勾股定理,熟练运用旋转的性质解决问题是本题的关键.22.答案:同位角相等,两直线平行∠ACD两直线平行,内错角相等ACD同位角相等,两直线平行两直线平行,同位角相等垂直定义解析:证明:∵DG⊥BC,AC⊥BC(已知)∴∠DGB=∠ACB=90°(垂直定义)∴DG//AC(同位角相等,两直线平行)∴∠2=∠ACD(两直线平行,内错角相等)∵∠1=∠2(已知)∴∠1=∠ACD(等量代换)∴EF//CD(同位角相等,两直线平行)∴∠AEF =∠ADC(两直线平行,同位角相等)∵EF ⊥AB(已知)∵∠AEF =90°(垂直定义)∴∠ADC =90°(等量代换)∴CD ⊥AB(垂直定义).故答案为:同位角相等,两直线平行,∠ACD ,两直线平行,内错角相等,ACD ,同位角相等,两直线平行,垂直定义.灵活运用垂直的定义,注意由垂直可得90°角,由90°角可得垂直,结合平行线的判定和性质,只要证得∠ADC =90°,即可得CD ⊥AB .利用垂直的定义除了由垂直得直角外,还能由直角判定垂直,判断两直线的夹角是否为90°是判断两直线是否垂直的基本方法.23.答案:解:(1)设每吨水的政府补贴优惠价为m 元,市场调节价为n 元.{10m +(20−10)n =5010m +(18−10)n =44, 解得:{m =2n =3, 答:每吨水的政府补贴优惠价2元,市场调节价为3元.(2)当0≤x ≤10时,y =2x ,当x >10时,y =10×2+(x −10)×3=3x −10.解析:(1)设每吨水的政府补贴优惠价为m 元,市场调节价为n 元,根据题意列出方程组,求解此方程组即可;(2)根据(1)的结论以及x 的范围,即可得出y 与x 之间的函数关系式.本题考查了一次函数的应用,题目还考查了二元一次方程组的解法,特别是在求一次函数的解析式时,此函数是一个分段函数,同时应注意自变量的取值范围.。

2018-2019学年成都七中育才学校七年级(上)期中数学模拟试卷(含解析)

2018-2019学年成都七中育才学校七年级(上)期中数学模拟试卷(含解析)

2018-2019学年成都七中育才学校七年级(上)期中模拟数学试卷(考试时间:120分钟满分:150分)A卷(共100分)一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)1.﹣22的倒数是()A.B.C.4 D.﹣42.用一个平面去截一个圆柱体,截面的形状不可能是()A.长方形B.圆C.椭圆D.等腰梯形3.下列关于单项式﹣的说法中,正确的是()A.系数是﹣,次数是2 B.系数是,次数是2C.系数是﹣3,次数是3 D.系数是﹣,次数是34.下列计算正确的是()A.2x+3y=5xy B.﹣2ba2+a2b=﹣a2bC.2a2+2a3=2a5D.4a2﹣3a2=15.地球上的海洋面积为361 000 000平方千米,数字361 000 000用科学记数法表示为()A.36.1×107B.0.361×109C.3.61×108D.3.61×1076.将如图所示表面带有图案的正方体沿某些棱展开后,得到的图形是()A.B.C.D.7.下列各式:①1x;②2•3;③20%x;④a﹣b÷c;⑤;⑥x﹣5千克;其中,不符合代数式书写要求的有()A.5个B.4个C.3个D.2个8.甲、乙、丙三家超市为了促销一种定价相同的商品,甲超市先降价20%,后又降价10%;乙超市连续两次降价15%;丙超市一次降价30%.那么顾客到哪家超市购买这种商品更合算()A.甲B.乙C.丙D.一样9.13世纪数学家斐波那契的《计算书》中有这样一个问题:“在罗马有7位老妇人,每人赶着7头毛驴,每头驴驮着7只口袋,每只口袋里装着7个面包,每个面包附有7把餐刀,每把餐刀有7只刀鞘”,则刀鞘数为()A.42 B.49 C.76D.7710.若|a+b|=|a|+|b|成立,则a、b需要满足的条件为()A.a、b同号B.a、b异号C.ab≤0 D.ab≥0二、填空题(每小题4分,共16分)11.一个棱柱有21条棱,则它有个面.12.大于﹣4而小于3的所有整数之和为.13.多项式﹣x|m|﹣(m﹣2)x+7是关于x的二次三项式,则m的值是.14.一个长方形长AB为5cm,宽CD为3cm,则绕其一边旋转一周,得到一个圆柱体,则该圆柱体的体积是cm3(保留π).三、解答题(共54分)15.(18分)计算题(1)(﹣23.7)+58+(﹣16.3)(2)﹣2﹣(﹣2)﹣2×(﹣1)(3)[﹣52×(﹣)2﹣0.8]÷(﹣2)(4)(﹣1)2016+(﹣48)×(+2﹣2.75)16.(6分)如图的几何体是由8个相同的立方块搭成的.请画出它从正面、左面、上面看到的平面图形.17.(6分)已知x,y互为相反数,m,n互为倒数,且有|a|=7,试求下面代数式的值:a2﹣(x+y+mn)a+x2017+y2017﹣(﹣nm)2017.18.(8分)已知x、y为有理数,现规定一种新运算⊗,满足x⊗y=xy+2.(1)求2⊗4的值;(2)求(1⊗4)⊗(﹣2)的值;(3)探索a⊗(b+c)与a⊗b+a⊗c的关系,并用等式把它表达出来.19.(8分)若(2x2+ax﹣y+6)﹣(2bx2﹣3x+5y﹣1)的值与字母x的取值无关,求代数式﹣a2+2b2﹣(a2﹣3b2)的值.20.(8分)2016年第三次G20财长和央行行长会议在成都举行,订制某品牌茶叶作为纪念品,该品牌茶叶加工厂接到一周生产任务为182kg,计划平均每天生产26kg,由于各种原因实际每天产量与计划量相比有出入,某周七天的生产情况记录如下(超产为正、减产为负):+3,﹣2,﹣4,+1,﹣1,+6,﹣5(1)这一周的实际产量是多少kg?(2)若该厂工人工资实行每日计件工资制,按计划每生产1kg茶叶50元,若超产,则超产的每千克奖20元;若每天少生产1kg,则扣除10元,那么该厂工人这一周的工资总额是多少?B卷(50分)一、填空题(每小题4分,共20分)21.若2015(a+2)2016+2017|b﹣1|=0,则(a+b)2018=.22.要使等式(ax2﹣2xy+y2)﹣(﹣ax2+bxy+2y2)=6x2﹣9xy+cy2成立,那么a=,b=,c =.23.如果有一个三位数的百位数字是7,十位数字与个位数字组成的两位数为x,请用代数式表示这个三位数为.24.已知当x=2时,代数式ax3+bx+7的值为5,则当x=﹣2时,代数式ax3+bx﹣3的值为.25.如图,在一次数学活动课上,张明用10个边长为1的小正方形搭成了一个几何体,然后他请王亮用其他同样的小正方体在旁边再搭一个几何体,使王亮所搭几何体恰好可以和张明所搭几何体拼成一个无缝隙的大长方体(不改变张明所搭几何体的形状),那么王亮至少还需要个小立方体,王亮所搭几何体的表面积为.二、解答题(共30分)26.(8分)出租车司机小王某天下午营运全是在南北走向的公路上进行的.如果向南记作“+”,向北记作“﹣”.他这天下午行车情况如下:(单位:千米;每次行车都有乘客)﹣2,+5,﹣1,+10,﹣3,﹣2,﹣5,+6请回答:(1)小王将最后一名乘客送到目的地时,小王在下午出车的出发地的什么方向?距下午出车的出发地多远?(2)若规定每趟车的起步价是10元,且每趟车3千米以内(含3千米)只收起步价;若超过3千米,除收起步价外,超过的每千米还需收2元钱.那么小王这天下午收到乘客所给车费共多少元?(3)若小王的出租车每千米耗油0.3升,每升汽油6元,不计汽车的损耗,那么小王这天下午是盈利还是亏损了?盈利(或亏损)多少钱?27.(10分)用小立方体所搭一个几何体.使得它的主视图和俯视图如图1所示:(1)组成这个几何体最少需要个小立方体.最多需要个小立方体:满足条件的几何体共有种可能;(2)画出最多小立方体组成这个几何体的时的左视图;(3)现将上述小立方体取下4个,并用六种颜色分别粉刷为相同的小立方体.现将粉刷完毕的小立方体打乱拼接为如图2情况.现将每种颜色对应一个数字如表.则从上下前后左右都看不到的面有6个.求这6个面上颜色表示的所有数字的积.颜色红黄绿蓝紫白表示的数﹣1 2 ﹣3 4 ﹣5 628.(12分)阅读理解题如图,从左边第一个格子开始向右数,在每个小格子中都填入一个整数,使得其中任意三个相邻格子中所填整数之和都相等.7 ★☆x ﹣4 9 …(1)可求得x=,第2016个格子中的数为;(2)判断:前n个格子中所填整数之和是否可能为2023?若能,求出n的值,若不能,请说明理由;(3)若取前3格子中的任意两个数,记作a、b,且a≥b,那么所有的|a﹣b|的和,可以通过计算:|7﹣★|+|7﹣☆|+|☆﹣★|得到.其结果为;若取前17格子中的任意两个数,记作s、t且s≥t,求所有的|s﹣t|之和.参考答案与试题解析1.【解答】解:﹣22=﹣4,故﹣4的倒数是:﹣.故选:A.2.【解答】解:当截面与轴截面平行时,得到的形状为长方形;当截面与轴截面垂直时,得到的截面形状是圆;当截面与轴截面斜交时,得到的截面的形状是椭圆;所以截面的形状不可能是等腰梯形.故选:D.3.【解答】解:单项式﹣的系数是:﹣,次数是3.故选:D.4.【解答】解:A、不是同类项,不能合并,故选项错误;B、正确;C、不是同类项,不能合并,故选项错误;D、4a2﹣3a2=a2,故选项错误.故选:B.5.【解答】解:361 000 000用科学记数法表示为3.61×108,故选:C.6.【解答】解:由原正方体知,带图案的三个面相交于一点,而通过折叠后A、B都不符合,且D折叠后图案的位置正好相反,所以能得到的图形是C.故选:C.7.【解答】解:①1x=x,不符合要求;②2•3应为2×3,不符合要求;③20%x,符合要求;④a﹣b÷c=a﹣,不符合要求;⑤,符合要求;⑥(x﹣5)千克,不符合要求,不符合代数式书写要求的有4个,故选:B.8.【解答】解:设商品原价为x,甲超市的售价为:x(1﹣20%)(1﹣10%)=0.72x;乙超市售价为:x(1﹣15%)2=0.7225x;丙超市售价为:x(1﹣30%)=70%x=0.7x;故到丙超市合算.故选:C.9.【解答】解:依题意有,刀鞘数为76.故选:C.10.【解答】解:若|a+b|=|a|+|b|成立,则a、b需要满足的条件为ab≥0,故选:D.11.【解答】解:一个棱柱有21条棱,这是一个七棱柱,它有9个面.故答案为:9;12.【解答】解:大于﹣4而小于3的所有整数有﹣3,﹣2,﹣1,0,1,2,﹣3+(﹣2)+(﹣1)+0+1+2=﹣3,故答案为:﹣3.13.【解答】解:∵多项式﹣x|m|﹣(m﹣2)x+7是关于x的二次三项式,∴,解得:m=﹣2.故答案为:﹣2.14.【解答】解:分两种情况:①绕长所在的直线旋转一周得到圆柱体积为:π×32×5=45π(cm3);②绕宽所在的直线旋转一周得到圆柱体积为:π×52×3=75π(cm3).故它们的体积分别为45πcm3或75πcm3.故答案为:45π或75π.15.【解答】解:(1)(﹣23.7)+58+(﹣16.3)=[(﹣23.7)+(﹣16.3)]+58=(﹣40)+58=18;(2)﹣2﹣(﹣2)﹣2×(﹣1)=﹣2+2+2=2;(3)[﹣52×(﹣)2﹣0.8]÷(﹣2)=(﹣25×)×=(﹣1﹣)×=(﹣)×=;(4)(﹣1)2016+(﹣48)×(+2﹣2.75)=1+(﹣6)+(﹣128)+132=﹣1.16.【解答】解:如图所示:17.【解答】解:由题意知x+y=0,mn=1,a=7或a=﹣7,当a=7时,原式=72﹣(0+1)×7+x2017﹣x2017﹣(﹣1)2017=49﹣7+1=43;当a=﹣7时,原式=(﹣7)2﹣(0+1)×(﹣7)+x2017﹣x2017﹣(﹣1)2017=49+7+1=57.综上所述,a2﹣(x+y+mn)a+x2017+y2017﹣(﹣nm)2017的值为43或57.18.【解答】解:(1)∵x⊗y=xy+2,∴2⊗4=2×4+2=8+2=10;(2)x⊗y=xy+2,∴(1⊗4)⊗(﹣2)=(1×4+2)⊗(﹣2)=6⊗(﹣2)=6×(﹣2)+2=(﹣12)+2=﹣10;(3))∵x⊗y=xy+2,∴a⊗(b+c)=a(b+c)+2=ab+ac+2,a⊗b+a⊗c=ab+2+ac+2=ab+ac+4,∴a⊗(b+c)=a⊗b+a⊗c﹣2.19.【解答】解:(2x2+ax﹣y+6)﹣(2bx2﹣3x+5y﹣1)=2x2+ax﹣y+6﹣2bx2+3x﹣5y+1=(2﹣2b)x2+(a+3)x﹣6y+7,∵代数式的值与字母x的取值无关,∴2﹣2b=0,a+3=0,解得:a=﹣3,b=1,∴﹣a2+2b2﹣(a2﹣3b2)=﹣a2+2b2﹣a2+3b2=﹣a2+5b2=﹣9+5=﹣4.20.【解答】解:(1)方法一:∵七天的生产情况记录如下(超产为正、减产为负):+3,﹣2,﹣4,+1,﹣1,+6,﹣5,∴七天的生产情况实际值为:29kg、24kg、22kg、27kg、25kg、32kg、21kg.∴一周总产量:29+24+22+27+25+32+21=180(kg).答:这一周的实际产量是180kg;方法二:∵七天的生产情况记录如下(超产为正、减产为负):+3,﹣2,﹣4,+1,﹣1,+6,﹣5,则3﹣2﹣4+1﹣1+6﹣5=﹣2,∴一周总产量:182﹣2=180(kg).答:这一周的实际产量是180kg;(2)26×50+3×20+(26﹣2)×50+10×(﹣2)+(26﹣4)×50+(﹣4)×10+26×50+1×20+(26﹣1)×50+(﹣1)×10+26×50+6×20+(26﹣5)×50+(﹣5)×10=8580(元)答:该厂工人这一周的工资总额是8580元.21.【解答】解:∵2015(a+2)2016+2017|b﹣1|=0,∴a+2=0,b﹣1=0,∴a=﹣2,b=1,∴(a+b)2018=1,故答案为:1.22.【解答】解:(ax2﹣2xy+y2)﹣(﹣ax2+bxy+2y2)=ax2﹣2xy+y2+ax2﹣bxy﹣2y2=2ax2﹣(b+2)xy﹣y2=6x2﹣9xy+cy2,可得2a=6,b+2=9,c=﹣1,解得:a=3,b=7,c=﹣1.故答案为:3,7,﹣1.23.【解答】解:有一个三位数的百位数字是7,所以表示为7×100,十位数字与个位数字组成的两位数为x,所以此三位数表示为700+x.故答案为700+x.24.【解答】解:当x=2时,原式=8a+2b+7=5,即8a+2b=﹣2,则当x=﹣2时,原式=﹣8a﹣2b﹣3=2﹣3=﹣1.故答案为:﹣1.25.【解答】解:由题可知,最小的大正方体是由小方块组成的3×3×3的大正方体,所以按照张明的要求搭几何体,王亮至少需要27﹣10=17个小立方体.根据题意得到题中堆积体的俯视图,并进行标数(地图标数法):由上图的俯视图可知,能将其补充为完整的3×3×3的大正方体的剩余部分的俯视图为:由此可得,王亮所做堆积体的三视图,主、左、俯三视图面积皆为8,所以王亮所搭几何体的表面积为(8+8+8)×2=48,故答案为:17,48.26.【解答】解:(1)﹣2+5﹣1+10﹣3﹣2﹣5+6=8(千米),答:小王在下午出车的出发地的南方,距下午出车的出发地8千米;(2)10+[10+(5﹣3)×2]+10+[10+(10﹣3)×2]+10+10+[10+(5﹣3)×2]+[10+(6﹣3)×2 =80+28=108(元),答:小王这天下午收到乘客所给车费共多108元;(3)(|﹣2|+5+|﹣1|+10+|﹣3|+|﹣2|+|﹣5|+6)×0.3×6=34×0.3×6=61.2(元),108﹣61.2=46.8(元)答:小王这天下午是盈利,盈利46.8元.27.【解答】解:(1)组成这个几何体的最少的情形见俯视图:有8个小立方体组成.组成这个几何体的最多的情形见俯视图:有11个小立方体组成.满足条件的几何体有15种情形.故答案为8,11,15.(2)最多小立方体组成这个几何体的时的左视图为:(3)由题意黄与紫相对,红与绿相对,白与蓝相对.图2中第一个立方体右侧的是红,第二个立方体左侧是蓝,右侧是白,第三个立方体的左侧是黄,右侧是紫,最后一个立方体左侧是绿,∴这6个面上颜色表示的所有数字的积=﹣1×4×6×2×(﹣5)×(﹣3)=﹣720.28.【解答】解:(1)∵任意三个相邻格子中所填整数之和都相等,∴7+★+☆=★+☆+x,解得x=7,★+☆+x=☆+x﹣4,∴★=﹣4,所以,数据从左到右依次为7、﹣4、☆、7、﹣4、☆、…,第9个数与第三个数相同,即☆=9,所以,每3个数“7、﹣4、9”为一个循环组依次循环,∵2016÷3=672,∴第2016个格子中的数与第3个格子中的数相同,∴第2016个格子中的数是9,故答案为7,9;(2)∵7﹣4+9=12,即前3个数的和为12,2023÷12=168…7,又第1个格子中的数为7,故前n个格子中所填整数之和可能为2023;n=168×3+1=505,答:前n个格子中所填整数之和能为2023,此时n的值为505;(3)∵取前3格子中的任意两个数,记作a、b,且a≥b,∴所有的|a﹣b|的和为:|7﹣★|+|7﹣☆|+|☆﹣★|=|7+4|+|7﹣9|+|﹣4﹣9|=26;∵取前17格子中的任意两个数,记作s、t且s≥t,∴所有的|s﹣t|的和为:|7﹣7|×15+|7+4|×36+|9﹣7|×30+|﹣4+4|×15+|9+4|×30+|9﹣9|×10=846。

2019年四川省成都七中育才学校中考数学一诊试卷 解析版

2019年四川省成都七中育才学校中考数学一诊试卷  解析版

2019年四川省成都七中育才学校中考数学一诊试卷一、选择题(共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)1.(3分)温度由﹣4℃上升7℃是( )A.3℃B.﹣3℃C.11℃D.﹣11℃2.(3分)如图,5个完全相同的小正方体组成了一个几何体,则这个几何体的主视图是( )A.B.C.D.3.(3分)下列等式成立的是( )A.x2+3x2=3x4B.0.00028=2.8×10﹣3C.(a3b2)3=a9b6D.(﹣a+b)(﹣a﹣b)=b2﹣a24.(3分)如图,a∥b,点B在直线b上,且AB⊥BC,∠1=35°,那么∠2=( )A.45°B.50°C.55°D.60°5.(3分)当k<0时,一次函数y=kx﹣k的图象不经过( )A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限6.(3分)某校有35名同学参加眉山市的三苏文化知识竞赛,预赛分数各不相同,取前18名同学参加决赛.其中一名同学知道自己的分数后,要判断自己能否进入决赛,只需要知道这35名同学分数的( )A.众数B.中位数C.平均数D.方差7.(3分)如图,▱ABCD的对角线AC,BD相交于点O,E是AB中点,且AE+EO=4,则▱ABCD的周长为( )A.20B.16C.12D.88.(3分)分式方程=1的解是( )A.x=﹣2B.x=2C.x=3D.无解9.(3分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,△ABC的顶点A在第一象限,点B,C的坐标分别为(2,1),(6,1),∠BAC=90°,AB=AC,直线AB交y轴于点P,若△ABC与△A′B′C′关于点P成中心对称,则点A′的坐标为( )A.(﹣4,﹣5)B.(﹣5,﹣4)C.(﹣3,﹣4)D.(﹣4,﹣3)10.(3分)如图,若二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)图象的对称轴为x=1,与y轴交于点C,与x轴交于点A、点B(﹣1,0),则①二次函数的最大值为a+b+c;②a﹣b+c<0;③b2﹣4ac<0;④当y>0时,﹣1<x<3.其中正确的个数是( )A.1B.2C.3D.4二.填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分)11.(4分)分解因式:x3﹣9x= .12.(4分)函数y=+中自变量x的取值范围是 .13.(4分)如图,在△ABC中,点D,E分别在AB,AC上,∠AED=∠B,AB=2AE,若△ADE的面积为2,则四边形BCED的面积为 .14.(4分)如图,在▱ABCD中,AB=6,BC=8,以C为圆心适当长为半径画弧分别交BC,CD于M,N两点,分别以M,N为圆心,以大于MN的长为半径画弧,两弧在∠BCD的内部交于点P,连接CP并延长交AD于E,交BA的延长线于F,则AE+AF的值等于 .三.解答题(本大题共6个小题,共54分)15.(12分)(1)计算:(﹣1)2019+(﹣)﹣2﹣|2﹣|+4sin60°(2)先化简,再求值:(1﹣)÷,其中a=+216.(6分)已知方程组,当m为何值时,x>y?17.(8分)为了解中考体育科目训练情况,长沙市从全市九年级学生中随机抽取了部分学生进行了一次中考体育科目测试(把测试结果分为四个等级:A级:优秀;B级:良好;C级:及格;D级:不及格),并将测试结果绘成了如下两幅不完整的统计图.请根据统计图中的信息解答下列问题:(1)本次抽样测试的学生人数是 ;(2)图1中∠α的度数是 ,并把图2条形统计图补充完整;(3)若全市九年级有学生35000名,如果全部参加这次中考体育科目测试,请估计不及格的人数为 .(4)测试老师想从4位同学(分别记为E、F、G、H,其中E为小明)中随机选择两位同学了解平时训练情况,请用列表或画树形图的方法求出选中小明的概率.18.(8分)已知,如图,在坡顶A处的同一水平面上有一座古塔BC,数学兴趣小组的同学在斜坡底P 处测得该塔的塔顶B的仰角为45°,然后他们沿着坡度为1:2.4的斜坡AP攀行了26米,在坡顶A处又测得该塔的塔顶B的仰角为76°.求:(1)坡顶A到地面PO的距离;(2)古塔BC的高度(结果精确到1米).(参考数据:sin76°≈0.97,cos76°≈0.24,tan76°≈4.01)19.(10分)如图,直线y=2x+6与反比例函数y=(￿>0)的图象交于点A(1,m),与x轴交于点B,平行于x轴的直线y=n(0<n<6)交反比例函数的图象于点M,交AB于点N,连接BM.(1)求m的值和反比例函数的表达式;(2)观察图象,直接写出当x>0时,不等式2x+6<0的解集;(3)当n为何值时,△BMN的面积最大?最大值是多少?20.(10分)如图,F为⊙O上的一点,过点F作⊙O的切线与直径AC的延长线交于点D,过圆上的另一点B作AO的垂线,交DF的延长线于点M,交⊙O于点E,垂足为H,连接AF,交BM于点G.(1)求证:△MFG为等腰三角形.(2)若AB∥MD,求MF、FG、EG之间的数量关系,并说明理由.(3)在(2)的条件下,若DF=6,tan∠M=,求AG的长.一、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)21.(4分)关于x的方程x2+2(m﹣1)x﹣4m=0的两个实数根分别是x1,x2,且x1﹣x2=2,则m的值是 .22.(4分)已知a n=1﹣(n=1,2,3,……),定义b1=a1,b2=a1•a2…,b n=a1•a2…•a n,则b2019= .23.(4分)如图,点A,点B分别在y轴,x轴上,OA=OB,点E为AB的中点,连接OE并延长交反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象于点C,过点C作CD⊥x轴于点D,点D关于直线AB的对称点恰好在反比例函数图象上,则OE﹣EC= .24.(4分)在△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,AC=AB=4,E为边AC上一点,连接BE,过A作AF⊥BE于点F,D是BC边上的中点,连接DF,点H是边AB上一点,将△AFH沿HF翻折.点A落在M点,若MH∥AF,DF=,则MH2= .25.(4分)定义符号min{a,b}的含义为:当a≥b时,min{a,b}=b.当a<b时,min{a,b}=a.若当﹣2≤x≤3,min{x2﹣2x﹣15,m(x+1)}=x2﹣2x﹣15,则实数m的取值范围是 .二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分)26.(8分)某工厂生产一批竹编笔筒,该批产品出厂价为每只4元,按要求在20天内完成,工人小薛第x天生产的笔筒为y只,y与x满足如下关系:y=(1)小薛第几天生产的笔筒数量为320只?(2)如图,设第x天生产的每只笔筒的成本是P元,P与x的关系可用图中的函数图象来刻画,若小薛第x天创造的利润为W元,求W与x之间的函数表达式,并求出第几天的利润最大?最大利润是多少元?27.(10分)已知,如图所示,在矩形ABCD中,点E在BC边上,△AEF=90°(1)如图①,已知点F在CD边上,AD=AE=5,AB=4,求DF的长;(2)如图②,已知AE=EF,G为AF的中点,试探究线段AB,BE,BG的数量关系;(3)如图③,点E在矩形ABCD的BC边的延长线上,AE与BG相交于O点,其他条件与(2)保持不变,AD=5,AB=4,CE=1,求△AOG的面积.28.(12分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=﹣x2+x+,分别交x轴于A与B点,交y轴于点C点,顶点为D,连接AD.(1)如图1,P是抛物线的对称轴上一点,当AP⊥AD时,求P的坐标;(2)在(1)的条件下,在直线AP上方、对称轴右侧的抛物线上找一点Q,过Q作QH⊥x轴,交直线AP于H,过Q作QE∥PH交对称轴于E,当▱QHPE周长最大时,在抛物线的对称轴上找一点,使|QM﹣AM|最大,并求这个最大值及此时M点的坐标.(3)如图2,连接BD,把∠DAB沿x轴平移到∠D′A′B′,在平移过程中把∠D′A′B′绕点A′旋转,使∠D′A′B′的一边始终过点D点,另一边交直线DB于R,是否存在这样的R点,使△DRA′为等腰三角形,若存在,求出BR的长;若不存在,说明理由.2019年四川省成都七中育才学校中考数学一诊试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)1.(3分)温度由﹣4℃上升7℃是( )A.3℃B.﹣3℃C.11℃D.﹣11℃【分析】根据题意列出算式,再利用加法法则计算可得.【解答】解:温度由﹣4℃上升7℃是﹣4+7=3℃,故选:A.【点评】本题主要考查有理数的加法,解题的关键是熟练掌握有理数的加法法则.2.(3分)如图,5个完全相同的小正方体组成了一个几何体,则这个几何体的主视图是( )A.B.C.D.【分析】根据从正面看得到的图形是主视图,可得答案.【解答】解:从正面看第一层是三个小正方形,第二层中间一个小正方形,.故选:D.【点评】本题考查了简单组合体的三视图,从正面看得到的图形是主视图.3.(3分)下列等式成立的是( )A.x2+3x2=3x4B.0.00028=2.8×10﹣3C.(a3b2)3=a9b6D.(﹣a+b)(﹣a﹣b)=b2﹣a2【分析】直接利用平方差公式以及科学记数法、积的乘方运算法则分别计算得出答案.【解答】解:A、x2+3x2=4x2,故此选项错误;B、0.00028=2.8×10﹣4,故此选项错误;C、(a3b2)3=a9b6,正确;D、(﹣a+b)(﹣a﹣b)=a2﹣b2,故此选项错误;故选:C.【点评】此题主要考查了平方差公式以及科学记数法、积的乘方运算,正确掌握运算法则是解题关键.4.(3分)如图,a∥b,点B在直线b上,且AB⊥BC,∠1=35°,那么∠2=( )A.45°B.50°C.55°D.60°【分析】先根据∠1=35°,a∥b求出∠3的度数,再由AB⊥BC即可得出答案.【解答】解:∵a∥b,∠1=35°,∴∠3=∠1=35°.∵AB⊥BC,∴∠2=90°﹣∠3=55°.故选:C.【点评】本题考查的是平行线的性质、垂线的性质,熟练掌握垂线的性质和平行线的性质是解决问题的关键.5.(3分)当k<0时,一次函数y=kx﹣k的图象不经过( )A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限【分析】由k<0可得出﹣k>0,结合一次函数图象与系数的关系即可得出一次函数y=kx﹣k的图象经过第一、二、四象限,此题得解.【解答】解:∵k<0,∴﹣k>0,∴一次函数y=kx﹣k的图象经过第一、二、四象限.故选:C.【点评】本题考查了一次函数图象与系数的关系,牢记“k<0,b>0⇔y=kx+b的图象在一、二、四象限”是解题的关键.6.(3分)某校有35名同学参加眉山市的三苏文化知识竞赛,预赛分数各不相同,取前18名同学参加决赛.其中一名同学知道自己的分数后,要判断自己能否进入决赛,只需要知道这35名同学分数的( )A.众数B.中位数C.平均数D.方差【分析】由于比赛取前18名参加决赛,共有35名选手参加,根据中位数的意义分析即可.【解答】解:35个不同的成绩按从小到大排序后,中位数及中位数之后的共有18个数,故只要知道自己的成绩和中位数就可以知道是否进入决赛了.故选:B.【点评】本题考查了统计量的选择,以及中位数意义,解题的关键是正确的求出这组数据的中位数7.(3分)如图,▱ABCD的对角线AC,BD相交于点O,E是AB中点,且AE+EO=4,则▱ABCD的周长为( )A.20B.16C.12D.8【分析】首先证明:OE=BC,由AE+EO=4,推出AB+BC=8即可解决问题;【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴OA=OC,∵AE=EB,∴OE=BC,∵AE+EO=4,∴2AE+2EO=8,∴AB+BC=8,∴平行四边形ABCD的周长=2×8=16,故选:B.【点评】本题考查平行四边形的性质、三角形的中位线定理等知识,解题的关键是熟练掌握三角形的中位线定理,属于中考常考题型.8.(3分)分式方程=1的解是( )A.x=﹣2B.x=2C.x=3D.无解【分析】分式方程去分母转化为整式方程,求出整式方程的解确定出x的值,经检验即可得到分式方程的解.【解答】解:去分母得:(x+1)2﹣6=x2﹣1解得:x=2经检验x=2是分式方程的解,故选:B.【点评】本题考查了解分式方程,利用了转化的思想,解分式方程注意要检验.9.(3分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,△ABC的顶点A在第一象限,点B,C的坐标分别为(2,1),(6,1),∠BAC=90°,AB=AC,直线AB交y轴于点P,若△ABC与△A′B′C′关于点P成中心对称,则点A′的坐标为( )A.(﹣4,﹣5)B.(﹣5,﹣4)C.(﹣3,﹣4)D.(﹣4,﹣3)【分析】先求得直线AB解析式为y=x﹣1,即可得出P(0,﹣1),再根据点A与点A'关于点P成中心对称,利用中点公式,即可得到点A′的坐标.【解答】解:∵点B,C的坐标分别为(2,1),(6,1),∠BAC=90°,AB=AC,∴△ABC是等腰直角三角形,∴A(4,3),设直线AB解析式为y=kx+b,则,解得,∴直线AB解析式为y=x﹣1,令x=0,则y=﹣1,∴P(0,﹣1),又∵点A与点A'关于点P成中心对称,∴点P为AA'的中点,设A'(m,n),则=0,=﹣1,∴m=﹣4,n=﹣5,∴A'(﹣4,﹣5),故选:A.【点评】本题考查了中心对称,等腰直角三角形的运用,利用待定系数法得出直线AB的解析式是解题的关键.10.(3分)如图,若二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)图象的对称轴为x=1,与y轴交于点C,与x轴交于点A、点B(﹣1,0),则①二次函数的最大值为a+b+c;②a﹣b+c<0;③b2﹣4ac<0;④当y>0时,﹣1<x<3.其中正确的个数是( )A.1B.2C.3D.4【分析】直接利用二次函数的开口方向以及图象与x轴的交点,进而分别分析得出答案.【解答】解:①∵二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)图象的对称轴为x=1,且开口向下,∴x=1时,y=a+b+c,即二次函数的最大值为a+b+c,故①正确;②当x=﹣1时,a﹣b+c=0,故②错误;③图象与x轴有2个交点,故b2﹣4ac>0,故③错误;④∵图象的对称轴为x=1,与x轴交于点A、点B(﹣1,0),∴A(3,0),故当y>0时,﹣1<x<3,故④正确.故选:B.【点评】此题主要考查了二次函数的性质以及二次函数最值等知识,正确得出A点坐标是解题关键.二.填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分)11.(4分)分解因式:x3﹣9x= x(x+3)(x﹣3) .【分析】根据提取公因式、平方差公式,可分解因式.【解答】解:原式=x(x2﹣9)=x(x+3)(x﹣3),故答案为:x(x+3)(x﹣3).【点评】本题考查了因式分解,利用了提公因式法与平方差公式,注意分解要彻底.12.(4分)函数y=+中自变量x的取值范围是 x≥1且x≠2 .【分析】根据被开方数大于等于0,分母不等于0列不等式计算即可得解.【解答】解:由题意得,解得:x≥1且x≠2,故答案为:x≥1且x≠2.【点评】本题考查了函数自变量的范围,一般从三个方面考虑:(1)当函数表达式是整式时,自变量可取全体实数;(2)当函数表达式是分式时,考虑分式的分母不能为0;(3)当函数表达式是二次根式时,被开方数非负.13.(4分)如图,在△ABC中,点D,E分别在AB,AC上,∠AED=∠B,AB=2AE,若△ADE的面积为2,则四边形BCED的面积为 6 .【分析】由△ADE∽△ACB,推出相似比==,推出=()2,由此即可解决问题;【解答】解:∵∠A=∠A,∠AED=∠B,∴△ADE∽△ACB,∴相似比==,∴=()2,∵S△ADE=2,∴S△ABC=8,∴S四边形BCED=8﹣2=6,故答案为6.【点评】本题考查相似三角形的判定和性质,解题的关键是熟练掌握基本知识,属于中考常考题型.14.(4分)如图,在▱ABCD中,AB=6,BC=8,以C为圆心适当长为半径画弧分别交BC,CD于M,N两点,分别以M,N为圆心,以大于MN的长为半径画弧,两弧在∠BCD的内部交于点P,连接CP并延长交AD于E,交BA的延长线于F,则AE+AF的值等于 4 .【分析】先根据角平分线的性质得出∠BCE=∠DCE,再由平行四边形的性质得出AB∥CD,AD∥BC,故可得出∠DCE=∠F,∠BCE=∠AEF,故可得出BF=BC,∠F=∠AEF,进而可得出结论.【解答】解:∵由题意可知CF是∠BCD的平分线,∴∠BCE=∠DCE.∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AB∥CD,AD∥BC,∴∠DCE=∠F,∠BCE=∠AEF,∴BF=BC,∠F=∠AEF,∴AF=AE.∵AB=6,BC=8,∴AF=AE=8﹣6=2,∴AE+AF=4.故答案为:4.【点评】本题考查的是作图﹣基本作图,熟知角平分线的作法是解答此题的关键.三.解答题(本大题共6个小题,共54分)15.(12分)(1)计算:(﹣1)2019+(﹣)﹣2﹣|2﹣|+4sin60°(2)先化简,再求值:(1﹣)÷,其中a=+2【分析】(1)原式利用乘方的意义,负整数指数幂法则,绝对值的代数意义,以及特殊角的三角函数值计算即可求出值;(2)原式括号中两项通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算,同时利用除法法则变形,约分得到最简结果,把a的值代入计算即可求出值.【解答】解:(1)原式=﹣1+4﹣2+2+4×=5;(2)原式=•=,当a=+2时,原式===1+.【点评】此题考查了分式的化简求值,熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键.16.(6分)已知方程组,当m为何值时,x>y?【分析】解此题首先要把字母m看做常数,然后解得x、y的值,结合题意,列得一元一次不等式,解不等式即可.【解答】解:,②×2﹣①得:x=m﹣3③,将③代入②得:y=﹣m+5,∴得,∵x>y,∴m﹣3>﹣m+5,解得m>4,∴当m>4时,x>y.【点评】此题提高了学生的计算能力,解题的关键是把字母m看做常数,然后解一元一次方程组与一元一次不等式.17.(8分)为了解中考体育科目训练情况,长沙市从全市九年级学生中随机抽取了部分学生进行了一次中考体育科目测试(把测试结果分为四个等级:A级:优秀;B级:良好;C级:及格;D级:不及格),并将测试结果绘成了如下两幅不完整的统计图.请根据统计图中的信息解答下列问题:(1)本次抽样测试的学生人数是 40 ;(2)图1中∠α的度数是 54° ,并把图2条形统计图补充完整;(3)若全市九年级有学生35000名,如果全部参加这次中考体育科目测试,请估计不及格的人数为 7000 .(4)测试老师想从4位同学(分别记为E、F、G、H,其中E为小明)中随机选择两位同学了解平时训练情况,请用列表或画树形图的方法求出选中小明的概率.【分析】(1)由统计图可得:B级学生12人,占30%,即可求得本次抽样测试的学生人数;(2)由A级6人,可求得A级占的百分数,继而求得∠α的度数;然后由C级占35%,可求得C级的人数,继而补全统计图;(3)首先求得D级的百分比,继而估算出不及格的人数;(4)首先根据题意画出树状图,然后由树状图求得所有等可能的结果与选中小明的情况,再利用概率公式即可求得答案.【解答】解:(1)本次抽样测试的学生人数是:=40(人);故答案为:40;(2)根据题意得:∠α=360°×=54°,C级的人数是:40﹣6﹣12﹣8=14(人),如图:(3)根据题意得:35000×=7000(人),答:不及格的人数为7000人.故答案为:7000;(4)画树状图得:∵共有12种情况,选中小明的有6种,∴P(选中小明)==.【点评】此题考查了列表法或树状图法求概率以及条形统计图与扇形统计图.用到的知识点为:概率=所求情况数与总情况数之比.18.(8分)已知,如图,在坡顶A处的同一水平面上有一座古塔BC,数学兴趣小组的同学在斜坡底P 处测得该塔的塔顶B的仰角为45°,然后他们沿着坡度为1:2.4的斜坡AP攀行了26米,在坡顶A处又测得该塔的塔顶B的仰角为76°.求:(1)坡顶A到地面PO的距离;(2)古塔BC的高度(结果精确到1米).(参考数据:sin76°≈0.97,cos76°≈0.24,tan76°≈4.01)【分析】(1)先过点A作AH⊥PO,根据斜坡AP的坡度为1:2.4,得出=,设AH=5k,则PH=12k,AP=13k,求出k的值即可.(2)先延长BC交PO于点D,根据BC⊥AC,AC∥PO,得出BD⊥PO,四边形AHDC是矩形,再根据∠BPD=45°,得出PD=BD,然后设BC=x,得出AC=DH=x﹣14,最后根据在Rt△ABC中,tan76°=,列出方程,求出x的值即可.【解答】解:(1)过点A作AH⊥PO,垂足为点H,∵斜坡AP的坡度为1:2.4,∴=,设AH=5k,则PH=12k,由勾股定理,得AP=13k,∴13k=26,解得k=2,∴AH=10,答:坡顶A到地面PO的距离为10米.(2)延长BC交PO于点D,∵BC⊥AC,AC∥PO,∴BD⊥PO,∴四边形AHDC是矩形,CD=AH=10,AC=DH,∵∠BPD=45°,∴PD=BD,设BC=x,则x+10=24+DH,∴AC=DH=x﹣14,在Rt△ABC中,tan76°=,即≈4.01.解得x≈19.答:古塔BC的高度约为19米.【点评】此题考查了解直角三角形,用到的知识点是勾股定理、锐角三角函数、坡角与坡角等,关键是做出辅助线,构造直角三角形.19.(10分)如图,直线y=2x+6与反比例函数y=(￿>0)的图象交于点A(1,m),与x轴交于点B,平行于x轴的直线y=n(0<n<6)交反比例函数的图象于点M,交AB于点N,连接BM.(1)求m的值和反比例函数的表达式;(2)观察图象,直接写出当x>0时,不等式2x+6<0的解集;(3)当n为何值时,△BMN的面积最大?最大值是多少?【分析】(1)求出点A的坐标,利用待定系数法即可解决问题;(2)结合函数图象找到直线在双曲线下方对应的x的取值范围;(3)构建二次函数,利用二次函数的性质即可解决问题.【解答】解:(1)∵直线y=2x+6经过点A(1,m),∴m=2×1+6=8,∴A(1,8),∵反比例函数经过点A(1,8),∴k=8,∴反比例函数的解析式为y=;(2)不等式2x+6<0的解集为0<x<1;(3)由题意,点M,N的坐标为M(,n),N(,n),∵0<n<6,∴<0,∴>0∴S△BMN=|MN|×|y M|==(n﹣3)2+,∴n=3时,△BMN的面积最大,最大值为.【点评】本题考查反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题,解题的关键是灵活运用所学知识解决问题,学会构建二次函数,解决最值问题,属于中考常考题型.20.(10分)如图,F为⊙O上的一点,过点F作⊙O的切线与直径AC的延长线交于点D,过圆上的另一点B作AO的垂线,交DF的延长线于点M,交⊙O于点E,垂足为H,连接AF,交BM于点G.(1)求证:△MFG为等腰三角形.(2)若AB∥MD,求MF、FG、EG之间的数量关系,并说明理由.(3)在(2)的条件下,若DF=6,tan∠M=,求AG的长.【分析】(1)连接OF,由切线的性质结合等角的余角相等可得出∠MFG=∠AGH,结合∠MGF=∠AGH可得出∠MFG=∠MGF,进而可证出△MFG为等腰三角形;(2)由MD∥AB可得出∠M=∠B,连接EF,则∠EFG=∠B,进而可得出∠M=∠EFG,结合∠MGF=∠FGE可得出△MGF∽△FGE,利用相似三角形的性质可得出FG2=EG•MG,结合MF=MG 可得出FG2=EG•MF;(3)由∠M=∠B,tan∠M=可得出若设AH=3k,则HB=4k,AB=5k,连接FO,OB,由∠MHD=∠OFD=90°,∠D=∠D可得出∠FOD=∠M,结合FD=6,可得出FO=8=OB=OA,进而可得出OH=8﹣3k,在Rt△OHB中,利用勾股定理可求出k值,由MD∥AB可得出∠MFG=∠BAF,进而可得出∠BGA=∠BAG,由等角对等腰可得出AB=GB=5k,结合BH=4k可得出GH=k,结合AH=3k利用勾股定理可求出AG=k,再代入k值即可求出结论.【解答】(1)证明:连接OF,如图1所示.∵DF为⊙O的切线,∴OF⊥DM,∴∠MFG+∠AFO=90°.∵BH⊥AD,∴∠AHG=90°,∴∠AGH+∠GAH=90°.∵OA=OF,∴∠OAF=∠OFA,∴∠MFG=∠AGH.又∵∠MGF=∠AGH,∴∠MFG=∠MGF,∴△MFG为等腰三角形.(2)解:FG2=EG•MF,理由如下:∵MD∥AB,∴∠M=∠B.连接EF,如图2所示.∵∠EFG=∠B,∴∠M=∠EFG.又∵∠MGF=∠FGE,∴△MGF∽△FGE,∴=,即FG2=EG•MG,∴FG2=EG•MF.(3)解:∵∠M=∠B,tan∠M=,∴设AH=3k,则HB=4k,AB=5k.连接FO,OB,如图3所示.∵∠MHD=∠OFD=90°,∠D=∠D,∴∠FOD=∠M.∵FD=6,∴FO=8=OB=OA,∴OH=8﹣3k.在Rt△OHB中,OH2+HB2=OB2,即(4k)2+(8﹣3k)2=82,解得:k=.∵MD∥AB,∴∠MFG=∠BAF,∴∠BGA=∠BAG,∴AB=GB=5k,∴GH=k,∴AG==k,∴AG=.【点评】本题考查了切线的性质、三角形内角和定理、等腰三角形的判定与性质、相似三角形的判定与性质、解直角三角形以及勾股定理,解题的关键是:(1)由等角的余角相等结合对顶角相等,证出∠MFG=∠MGF;(2)利用相似三角形的性质,找出FG2=EG•MG;(3)利用勾股定理,求出k 值.一、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题4分,共20分)21.(4分)关于x的方程x2+2(m﹣1)x﹣4m=0的两个实数根分别是x1,x2,且x1﹣x2=2,则m的值是 0或﹣2 .【分析】由韦达定理得出x1+x2=﹣2(m﹣1),x1x2=﹣4m,结合x1﹣x2=2知,代入x1x2=﹣4m可得关于m的方程,解之可得答案.【解答】解:∵关于x的方程x2+2(m﹣1)x﹣4m=0的两个实数根分别是x1,x2,∴x1+x2=﹣2(m﹣1),x1x2=﹣4m,又∵x1﹣x2=2,∴,解得:,代入x1x2=﹣4m得﹣m(﹣m+2)=﹣4m,解得:m=0或m=﹣2,故答案为:m=0或m=﹣2.【点评】本题主要考查一元二次方程根与系数的关系,根据韦达定理及x1﹣x2=2得出关于m的方程是解题的关键.22.(4分)已知a n=1﹣(n=1,2,3,……),定义b1=a1,b2=a1•a2…,b n=a1•a2…•a n,则b2019= .【分析】根据题目要求分别求出b1、b2、b3…等数据的结果分别为…从而发现,分别逐渐加2;分子逐渐加1;从而列出计算规律式子,再把n=2019代入式子中.【解答】解:∵a n=1﹣(n=1,2,3,……),b1=a1,b2=a1•a2…,b n=a1•a2…•a n,∴b1=,b2=,b3=,从中发现:式子中分子比第n个式子的n多2;式子中的分母2•(n+1)∴当n=2019,bn=.【点评】这题主要考查数学类的规律;需要学生认真算出每个式子的结果,找出分子分母与n之间的关系;23.(4分)如图,点A,点B分别在y轴,x轴上,OA=OB,点E为AB的中点,连接OE并延长交反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象于点C,过点C作CD⊥x轴于点D,点D关于直线AB的对称点恰好在反比例函数图象上,则OE﹣EC= .【分析】由题意可得直线OC的解析式为y=x,设C(a,a),由点C在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,求得C(1,1),求得D的坐标,根据互相垂直的两条直线斜率之积为﹣1,可设直线AB的解析式为y=﹣x+b,则B(b,0),BD=b﹣1.由点D和点F关于直线AB对称,得出BF=DB=b﹣1,那么B(b,b﹣1),再将F点坐标代入y=,得到b(b﹣1)=1,解方程即可求得B的坐标,然后通过三角形相似求得OE,根据OE﹣EC=OE﹣(OC﹣OE)=2OE﹣OC即可求得结果.【解答】解:∵点A,点B分别在y轴,x轴上,OA=OB,点E为AB的中点,∴直线OC的解析式为y=x,设C(a,a),∵点C在反比例函数y=(x>0)的图象上,∴a2=1,∴a=1,∴C(1,1),∴D(1,0),∴设直线AB的解析式为y=﹣x+b,则B(b,0),BD=b﹣1.∵点B和点F关于直线AB对称,∴BF=BD=b﹣1,∴F(b,b﹣1),∵F在反比例函数y=的图象上,∴b(b﹣1)=1,解得b1=,b2=(舍去),∴B(,0),∵C(1,1),∴OD=CD=1,∴OC=,易证△ODC∽△OEB,∴=,即=,∴OE=,∴OE﹣EC=OE﹣(OC﹣OE)=2OE﹣OC=﹣=.故答案为:.【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求反比例函数、正比例函数的解析式,轴对称的性质,函数图象上点的坐标特征,互相垂直的两条直线斜率之积为﹣1,设直线l的解析式为y=﹣x+b,用含b的代数式表示B点坐标是解题的关键.24.(4分)在△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,AC=AB=4,E为边AC上一点,连接BE,过A作AF⊥BE于点F,D是BC边上的中点,连接DF,点H是边AB上一点,将△AFH沿HF翻折.点A落在M点,若MH∥AF,DF=,则MH2= 8﹣2 .【分析】如图,作DK⊥DF交BE于K.首先证明AF=BK,设AF=BK=x,在Rt△AFB中,利用勾股定理构建方程求出x,再证明HM=AF即可解决问题.【解答】解:如图,作DK⊥DF交BE于K.∴AF⊥BE,∴∠AFB=90°,∴AC=AB=4,∠BAC=90°,DC=DB,∴AD⊥BC,BC=4,∴DA=DB=DC,∴∠AFB=∠ADB=90°,∴A,F,D,B四点共圆,∴∠DFB=∠DAB=45°,∵∠FDK=90°,∴∠DFK=∠DKF=45°,∴DF=DK=,∴FK=2,∵∠FDK=∠ADB=90°,∴∠ADF=∠BDK,∵DF=DK,DA=DB,∴△FDA≌△KDB(SAS),∴AF=BK,设AF=BK=x,在Rt△AFB中,则有:x2+(x+2)2=42,解得x=﹣1+或﹣1﹣(舍弃),∴AF=﹣1+,∵HM∥AF,∴∠AFH=∠FHM=∠AHF,∴AH=AF=HM,∴四边形AFMH是平行四边形,∴HM=AF=﹣1+,∴HM2=8﹣2.故答案为8﹣2.【点评】本题考查翻折变换,全等三角形的判定和性质,平行四边形的判定和性质,解直角三角形等知识,解题的关键是学会添加常用辅助线,构造全等三角形解决问题,学会利用参数构建方程解决问题.25.(4分)定义符号min{a,b}的含义为:当a≥b时,min{a,b}=b.当a<b时,min{a,b}=a.若当﹣2≤x≤3,min{x2﹣2x﹣15,m(x+1)}=x2﹣2x﹣15,则实数m的取值范围是 ﹣3≤m≤7 .【分析】根据题意可以得到关于m的一元一次不等式组,从而可以求得m的取值范围.【解答】解:∵当﹣2≤x≤3,min{x2﹣2x﹣15,m(x+1)}=x2﹣2x﹣15,∴x2﹣2x﹣15≤m(x+1),∴x2﹣(2+m)x﹣(15+m)≤0,,解得,﹣3≤m≤7,故答案为:﹣3≤m≤7.【点评】本题考查二次函数的性质、一次函数的性质、解不等式,解答本题的关键是明确题意,列出相应的不等式组.二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分)26.(8分)某工厂生产一批竹编笔筒,该批产品出厂价为每只4元,按要求在20天内完成,工人小薛第x天生产的笔筒为y只,y与x满足如下关系:y=(1)小薛第几天生产的笔筒数量为320只?(2)如图,设第x天生产的每只笔筒的成本是P元,P与x的关系可用图中的函数图象来刻画,若小薛第x天创造的利润为W元,求W与x之间的函数表达式,并求出第几天的利润最大?最大利润是多少元?【分析】(1)把y=320代入y=20x+80,解方程即可求得;(2)根据图象求得成本p与x之间的关系,然后根据利润等于订购价减去成本价,然后整理即可得到W与x的关系式,再根据一次函数的增减性和二次函数的增减性解答;【解答】解:(1)设小薛第x天生产的竹编笔筒数量为320只,由题意可知:20x+80=320,解得x=12.答:第12生产的竹编笔筒数量为320只.(2)由图象得,当0≤x<10时,p=2;当10≤x≤20时,设P=kx+b,把点(10,2),(20,3)代入得,,解得,∴p=0.1x+1,①0≤x≤6时,w=(4﹣2)×36x=72x,当x=6时,w最大=432(元);②6<x≤10时,w=(4﹣2)×(20x+80)=40x+160,∵x是整数,∴当x=10时,w最大=560(元);③10<x≤20时,w=(4﹣0.1x﹣1)×(20x+80)=﹣2x2+52x+240,∵a=﹣2<0,∴当x=﹣=13时,w最大=578(元);综上,当x=13时,w有最大值,最大值为578.【点评】本题考查的是二次函数在实际生活中的应用,主要是利用二次函数的增减性求最值问题,利用一次函数的增减性求最值,难点在于读懂题目信息,列出相关的函数关系式.27.(10分)已知,如图所示,在矩形ABCD中,点E在BC边上,△AEF=90°(1)如图①,已知点F在CD边上,AD=AE=5,AB=4,求DF的长;(2)如图②,已知AE=EF,G为AF的中点,试探究线段AB,BE,BG的数量关系;(3)如图③,点E在矩形ABCD的BC边的延长线上,AE与BG相交于O点,其他条件与(2)保持不变,AD=5,AB=4,CE=1,求△AOG的面积.【分析】(1)根据勾股定理求出BE,证明△ABE∽△ECF,根据相似三角形的性质列出比例式,计算即可;(2)作FM⊥BC交BC的延长线于M,作GN⊥BC于N,连接GM,证明△ABE≌△EMF,根据全等三角形的性质得到AB=EM,BE=FM,根据直角三角形的性质、勾股定理计算,即可得出结论;(3)连接EG,作OP⊥BE于P,作OQ⊥AG于Q,由矩形的性质得出BC=AD=5,∠ABC=90°,BE=BC+CE=6,由勾股定理求出AE==2,证出△AGE是等腰直角三角形,得出AE=AG,求出AG=,证明A、B、E、G四点共圆,由圆周角定理得出∠GBE=∠GAE=45°,得出△OBP是等腰直角三角形,OP=BP,设OP=BP=x,由tan∠AEB===,求出PE=x,由BP+PE=BE得出方程x+x=6,解得:x=,得出OP=,PE=,由勾股定理求出OE==,得出AO=,在Rt△AOQ中,由等腰直角三角形的性质得出OQ=OA=,即可求出△AOG的面积.【解答】解:(1)∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴∠A=∠C=∠D=90°,CD=AB=4,∵AD=AE,AD=5,∴AE=5,在Rt△ABE中,由勾股定理得,BE==3,∴EC=2,在Rt△AEF和Rt△ADF中,,∴Rt△AEF≌Rt△ADF(HL),∴EF=DF,设DF=EF=x,则CF=4﹣x,在Rt△CEF中,由勾股定理得:22+(4﹣x)2=x2,解得:x=,即DF的长为;(2)AB+BE=BG.理由如下:作FM⊥BC交BC的延长线于M,作GN⊥BC于N,连接GM,如图②所示:在△ABE和△EMF中,,∴△ABE≌△EMF(AAS)∴AB=EM,BE=FM,∵AB⊥BC,FM⊥BC,GN⊥BC,∴AB∥GN∥FM,又点G为AF的中点,∴点N为BM的中点,GN=(AB+FM),∴GN=BM,∴GB=GN,∠BGM=90°,∴BM=BG,∴AB+BE=BG.(3)连接EG,作OP⊥BE于P,作OQ⊥AG于Q,如图③所示:∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴BC=AD=5,∠ABC=90°,∴BE=BC+CE=6,∴AE===2,∵△AEF是等腰直角三角形,G是AF的中点,∴∠GAE=45°,EG⊥AF,∴△AGE是等腰直角三角形,∠AGE=90°,。

【20套试卷合集】重庆市育才中学2019-2020学年数学七上期中模拟试卷含答案

【20套试卷合集】重庆市育才中学2019-2020学年数学七上期中模拟试卷含答案

2019-2020学年七上数学期中模拟试卷含答案(时间:90分钟 总分120分)注意事项:1.答题前,请先将自己的姓名、考号、座号在答题纸的相应位置填写清楚;2.选择题答案用2B 铅笔涂在答题纸的答题卡上,非选择题用0.5mm 黑色中性笔直接写在答题纸相应题号上.21·cn·jy·com一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题3分,共36分)1.冰箱冷藏室的温度零上5℃记作+5℃,保鲜室的温度零下6℃记作:( )A .+ 6B .﹣1C .﹣11D .﹣62.| -3 | 的相反数是 ( ) A .3B .-3C .13D .13-3.下列说法正确的是 ( )A .- 2不是单项式B . a -表示负数C .35ab的系数是3 D . 1ax x++不是多项式 4.中国倡导的“一带一路”建设将促进我国与世界各国的互利合作.根据规划,“一带一路”地区覆盖总人口约为0000人,这个数用科学记数法表示为 ( )A . 84410⨯B . 94.410⨯C . 84.410⨯D . 104.410⨯5.对于用四舍五入法得到的近似数4.60万,下列说法中正确的是 ( )A .它精确到百分位B .它精确到0.01C .它精确到百位D .它精确到千位 6.下列各组数相等的一组是 ( )A .∣-3∣和-(-3)B . -1-(-4)和-3C . 22(3)3--和 D . 211()39--和 7.若单项式23223nm x y x y 与-的和仍为单项式,则m n -的值是 ( ) A .1 B .-1 C .5 D .-5 8.下列运用等式的性质,变形不正确的是( )A .,55x y x y =+=+若则B .,a b ac bc ==若则C .,a b a b c c ==若则 D .,x y x y a a==若则 9.下列方程中是一元一次方程的是( )A .210x-= B .21x =C .132x -=D .21x y += 10.已知代数式2x y -的值是3,则代数式12x y -+的值是( )A .-2B .2C .4D .-411.如图,若数轴上A ,B 两点所对应的有理数分别为a ,b ,则化简||()a b b a +--的结果为( )21·A .0B .2b -C .22a b -+D .22a b -12.小华的爸爸在上周末以每股10元的价格买进某股票,下表为本周内每日该股票的涨跌情况(每股股价比前一天上涨记为“+”,下跌记为“﹣”)记录表示每股股价最高的一天是 ( )21cnjyA 二、填空题(本题共1大题,8小题,每小题3分,共24分).13、(1)数轴上表示3的点为M ,数轴上与点M 相距5个单位的点所对应的数是(2)若22(3)0x y -++=,则xy =________(3)若,a b 互为倒数,,c d 互为相反数,则22()3c d ab +-=________ (4)若多项式32x kxy -与24y xy +的差不含xy 项,则_______(5)若12x =-是方程256x m -=的解,则m 的值为_______ (6)规定一种新的运算=1a b ab a b *-++,则(34)-*=_______(7)如图,是计算机程序计算,若开始输入1-=x ,则最后输出的结果是_________(8)如图是一组有规律的图案,第1个图案由4个基础图形组成,第2个图案由7个基础图形组成,…,第n (n 是正整数)个图案中由______个基础图形组成.三、解答题(共60分) 14.(本题小题6分)在数轴上表示下列各数,并把下列各数用“<”号连接起来:22, 0 , 2- , 3(1)-, 3.5-- ,4215.计算:(本题共4小题,每小题6分,共24分) (1)5721()()129336--÷- (2)22115()(3)(12)23-+÷-⨯---⨯(3) 2()2()a a b a b ++-+ (4) 222(432)3(14)x x x x -+--+16. (本题小题6分)已知关于x 的方程273x x a -=+的解与方程427x x +=-的解相同,求a 的值。

2019学年浙江杭州锦绣·育才教育集团初一下期中考试英语卷【含答案及解析】

2019学年浙江杭州锦绣·育才教育集团初一下期中考试英语卷【含答案及解析】

2019学年浙江杭州锦绣·育才教育集团初一下期中考试英语卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、语音1. Which “ow” have different pronunciation(发音)?A. tomorrowB. snowC. howD. Show二、单项填空2. -- Where do you usually practice _______ guitar, Tony?-- In a park. And I always get there by _______ bike.A. the; aB. the; /C. a; aD. /; /3. If my friends have any problems, my door is______________ open to them.A. never________B. sometimesC. hardly________D. Always4. -- Don’t eat in the classroom. You must eat in the dining hall.-- _______.A. N o, I mustn’t________B. Yes, I mustC. I’m sorry_________D. Excuse me5. -- Are your parents strict ________ you, Eric?-- Yes, they always let me do lots of homework. It’s too ________.A. with; bored____________________B. in; boringC. with; boring ________D. for; boring6. -- Do you want to relax yourself, Linda?-- Yes, but I only wish ________ music now.A. listen______________ ________B. listen toC. to listen____________________D. to listen to7. Jim with his parents _______ going to visit theForbidden City _______ Sunday morning.A. am; in______________B. are; on______________C. is;on______________ D. be; at8. -- ______________ is it from your home to school?-- It’s about ten minutes’ walk.A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. How much9. Mary wants to know_____________________.A. where does the train leaveB. when the train leavesC. when does the train leavesD. when the train leave10. -- I’m going on a vacation in Hainan next month.-- ______________ !A. No problem _________B. Sure, I’d love to.C. Have a good timeD. Not at all三、完形填空11. 完型填空通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。

广州市育才实验中学七年级上学期期中英语试卷(含答案)

广州市育才实验中学七年级上学期期中英语试卷(含答案)

育才实验2019学年第一学期期中检测七年级英语试卷一.听力略二.辨音第一节找出划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词11. A. many B. head C. bread D. market12. A. together B. brother C. think D. their13. A. tomatoes B. leaves C. usually D. always14. A. secret B. concert C. centre D. Africa15. A. peace B. disease C. worse D. once第二节找出重读音节与其他三个不同的单词16. A. autumn B. heavy C. computer D. beautiful17. A. useful B. practice C. arrive D. daily18. A. friendly B. yourself C. about D. become19. A. address B. around C. diary D. protect20. A. usually B. practice C. arrive D. doctor三.语言知识与应用21. ---__________ can you finish this English examination?---In about one and a half hours.A.How farB. How oftenC. How soonD. How long22. She is _________ ready to help others. She often helps us _________ our homework.A. seldom; withB. never; toC. always; withD. sometimes; doing23. I often have ________ before meals.A. a soupB. some soupsC. a bowl of soupD. two bowls of soups24. There ________ an English Evening next Tuesday.A. wasB. will beC. will haveD. are going to be25. Jack is my __________ brother. He is two years __________ than me.A. elder; elderB. older; olderC. elder; olderD. older; elder26. ---Do you come from _______?---No, but I can speak _________ well.A.Germany; GermanB. German; GermanyC. Germany; GermanyD. German; German27. There is ________ umbrella on the desk. I think it’s _________ interesting one.A. a; aB. an; anC. an; aD. a; an28. I hope ________ my coming holiday in Beijing.A. spendB. spendingC. to spendD. spent29. Sam goes to school early in the morning. He ________ never late for school.A. isB. isn’tC. doesD. doesn’t30. _________ is really hard to drive on a __________ day. We hardly can see the road clearly.A. It; sunnyB. That; rainyC. It; foggyD. It; fog四.语法选择Winter is the season that comes ____31___autumn and before spring. Winter is usually the coldest time of year and in some places, it brings cold, snow and ice. Here are some ____32___ ways to tell that it's winter.The days are shorter and the nights are colder than any other seasons. December 21st is the ____33___ day of winter, because it is the shortest day of the whole year!The sun doesn't feel hot in winter. Winter is a wet season, ____34____ lots of rain or snow. Winter brings changes to people, animals and plants.Trees and plants often go dormant (like they're sleeping) or go away, so when you look outside, you'll see ____35____ brown than green. There _____36___ no leaves on most of the trees.Some animals hibernate (冬眠), others keep food in autumn ____37____ in winter when _____38___ is difficult to find food. In winter some animals don't eat _____39___ same food as in the other seasons. Many birds fly from the north to _____40___warmer places for the winter. This is called migration.31. A. before B. after C. beside D. near32. A. another B. the other C. other D. others33. A. one B. once C. one time D. first34. A. has B. have C. by D. with35. A. many B. much C. more D. most36. A. is B. are C. has D. have37. A. to eat B. eat C. eating D. for eat38. A. it B. this C. that D. those39. A. a B. an C. the D. /40. A. on B. at C. to D. with五.完型填空An 8-year-old girl heard her parents talking about her little brother Andrew. Her brother was ill. Only a very expensive operation(手术) could save him.One morning, the girl heard her daddy say to her mother, "Only a miracle (奇迹) can save him now." The girl went to her bedroom, collected all of her money and counted it carefully. She hurried to a drugstore.“How can I help you?” asked the salesman.“I want to ____41____ a miracle,” the girl answered. "My brother has something bad growing inside his head and my daddy says only a miracle can_____42____ him. So how much does a miracle cost?""We don't sell a miracle here, little girl. I'm _____43___ but I can’t help you," said the salesman. “I have the ____44____ to pay for it.” said the girl."What kind of miracle does your ___45__ need?" asked a well-dressed man standing nearby."I don't know," she answered. "My daddy can’t ___46___ for it, so I want to use my money.”"How much do you have?" asked the man."$1.11," she answered, “but I can try and get some more.” She said again and again."Well," ____47___ the man. "a dollar and a half can buy a miracle. Let’s go and see your brother.”That man was a very good ____48____. The operation was free and her brother became well. “What’s the ____49____ of the operation?” her mom asked. The little girl smiled. She knew exactly how _____50____ a miracle was: a dollar and a half with the faith(诚意) of a little girl.41. A. sell B. make C. buy D. take42. A. hurt B. fight C. kill D. save43. A. glad B. sorry C. worried D. sure44. A. money B. illness C. time D. house45. A. mom B. daddy C. brother D. sister46. A. pay B. spend C. give D. have47. A. asked B. smiled C. cried D. talked48. A. friend B. parent C. teacher D. doctor49. A. colour B. price C. time D. size50. A. little B. few C. much D. many六.阅读第一节阅读理解AA great French writer has said that we should help everyone as much as we can because we often need help ourselves. The small even can help the great. About this, he told the following story.An ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She tried her best to reach the side, but she couldn’t move at all. The poor ant got too tired but was still doing her best when a big bird saw her. With a pity, the bird threw a piece of wood. With it the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in grass she heard a man coming up. He was walking without shoes on his feet and carrying a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the bird, he wished to kill her, and he would certainly do so, but the ant bit him in one of his feet and at that moment the bird flew away at once. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than the bird herself that had saved her life.51. According to the French writer, we often need help from others, so we should _______.A. help others as much as we canB. help the people who may be useful to usC. get as much help as we canD. first need to help ourselves52. Why could the bird fly away at once? Because ______.A. the bird could fly very fastB. the man hurt his feet himselfC. the man didn't want to kill herD. the ant bit the man in one of his feet53. An ant fell in the river and could not reach the side because________.A. she didn't try toB. she wanted to swim in the riverC. she didn't cry for help.D. she wasn't able to move in the water54. The writer tells us this story to show ______.A. how brave the bird isB. even the small can help the greatC. how an ant saved a birdD. how clever the ant is55. The title of this story can be " ______".A. The antB. PityC. HelpD. The birdBJack London was a famous writer. He was born on January 12, 1876, in San Francisco, California. His family was so poor that Jack had to leave school to make money at an early age. As a result, he had little education as a child. He worked hard in many different jobs---working as a paper boy, a sailor, and a miller. Though he had to work long hours a these jobs, London spent all his free time on books, especially those travel and adventure books borrowed from the library. He travelled to Japan and Korea in 1893. These trips made London decide to educate himself and change his life. He returned to school, quickly completed high school and entered the University of California. After only one term, however, London gave up his studies and travelled to Alaska in 1897 in search of gold, but he failed as a gold miner.Though unsuccessful, the trip to Alaska provided ideas for his career as a writer. Once back in California, London decided to work as a writer. He bought a typewriter and worked up to fifteen hours a day, changing his Alaska adventures into short stories and novels.In 1903, he became famous all over the country after he published the popular novel The Call of the Wild. He soon became the highest paid writer in the US. During his career, he wrote more than a million dollars. Several of his novels, including The Call of the Wild(1903), The Sea Wolf(1904), The White Fang(1906), have become American most famous novels. People can always get encouragement; and ideas about life from his works. To Build a Fire, for example, tells the story of a man who fought against the extreme cold to live through the Alaska winter.Jack London was a great writer in the history of literature. His works have been translated into different languages and are still popular all over the world. However, he was not a happy man. In poor health, he killed himself in 1916.56. Why didn’t Jack London get much education when he was young?A. because he could learn from his jobs.B. he spent all his time travelling.C. his family didn’t have enough money to send him to school.D. he could teach himself by reading books.57. Which of the following jobs didn’t Jack do in his life?A. a millerB. a sailorC. a writerD. a waiter58. What made Jack London start writing?A. the trip to AlaskaB. the books he readC. the university educationD. the trip to Japan and Korea59. Which of the following is in the right order?a. He travelled to Japan and Korea.b. He went to Alaska in search of gold.c. He published the book the White Fang.d. He became famous all over the country.e. He returned to school and entered the university.A. a-e-b-d-cB. a-b-e-c-dC. e-a-b-d-cD. e-d-c-a-b60. According to the passage, Jack London’s books are __________.A. surprisingB. humorousC. encouragingD. sympatheticCBooks for Children61. If you want to make a Christmas plan together with your children, which book do you prefer?A. First Festival: Christmas.B. The Not-So-Wise Man.C. Star of Wonder.D. My Very First Christmas Book.62. Which number would you dial if you want to order a book for your 2-year-old child?A. ************.B. ************.C. ************.D. ************.63. If your child wants to read stories of animals, whose book will be your choice?A. Beth Webb.B. Pat Alexander.C. Elizabeth Goudge.D. Lois Rock.64. The book about a fairy story may cost you __________.A. ¥18.99B. ¥15.99C. ¥12.99D. ¥10.9965. What’s the main purpose of the poster?A. to introduce Jesus ChristB. to tell children how to celebrate ChristmasC. to advertise the booksD. to raise money for children aged 0-12第二节阅读填空World Conservation(保护) Year1970 was World Conservation Year. ______66_____. They hoped that governments would act quickly in order to “conserve” nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1,000 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only 860 remain. ____67_____ We are changing the earth, the air and water and everything that grows and lives. We can't livewithout these things. ______68______What will happen in the future? ________69_____ The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary(必要的). Many are hoping to save our world. _____70______. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11 kilometers of their river. Young people may hear about conversation through a record called "No one's going to change our world". It was made by the Scatles, Cliff Richard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animals.A.They plant trees, build bridges across rivers and so on.B.If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves.C.The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology.D.Perhaps it's more important to ask "What must we do now?"E.The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world is in danger.七.单词拼写71. He always c___________ his homework on time!72. I have different kinds of h__________, such as swimming, singing and reading.73. Many students rush to the canteen as the b____________ rang.74. It is important for us to p___________ the environment of our school.75. The weather today is fine. The sun shines b___________ in the sky.76. We communicate with our parents d___________ the dinner every evening.八.完成句子77. 我喜欢和你交朋友。

天津市河东区育才中学2019-2020学年七年级(上)期中数学试卷 含解析

天津市河东区育才中学2019-2020学年七年级(上)期中数学试卷  含解析

2019-2020学年七年级(上)期中数学试卷一.选择题(共12小题)1.2的相反数是()A.﹣2 B.±2 C.|﹣2| D.2.下列各式中,是二次三项式的是()A.3+a+ab B.32+3x+1 C.a3+a2﹣3 D.x2+y2+x﹣y3.据2019年3月21日《天津日报》报道,“伟大的变革﹣﹣庆祝改革开放40周年大型展览”3月20日圆满闭幕,自开幕以来,现场观众累计约为4230000人次.将4230000用科学记数法表示应为()A.0.423×107B.4.23×106C.42.3×105D.423×1044.若长方形的长为2a+3b,宽为a+b,则其周长是()A.6a+8b B.12a+16b C.3a+4b D.6a+4b5.﹣3a2m b4与2a6b n可以合并成一项,则m、n的值分别是()A.6、4 B.3、3 C.3、4 D.4、46.下列各对数中,数值相等的是()A.﹣3×23与﹣32×2 B.﹣32与(﹣3)2C.﹣25与(﹣2)5D.﹣(﹣3)2与﹣(﹣2)37.下列说法正确的是()A.0.720精确到百分位B.5.078×104精确到千分位C.36万精确到个位D.2.90×105精确到千位8.若|a|=5,|b|=6,且a>b,则a+b的值为()A.﹣1或11 B.1或﹣11 C.﹣1或﹣11 D.119.比2a2﹣3a﹣7少3﹣2a2的多项式是()A.﹣3a﹣4 B.﹣4a2﹣3a+10 C.4a2﹣3a﹣10 D.﹣3a﹣10 10.若﹣1<x<0,则x,x2,x3的大小关系是()A.x<x3<x2B.x<x2<x3C.x3<x<x2D.x2<x3<x 11.已知x2﹣4x+1的值是3,则代数式3x2﹣12x﹣1的值为()A.2 B.5 C.8 D.1112.如果=﹣1,那么的值为()A.﹣2 B.﹣1 C.0 D.不确定二.填空题(共6小题)13.化简:﹣[+(﹣6)]=.14.计算:(﹣1)÷(﹣9)×=.15.长方形的长为2a+3b,周长为6a+4b,则该长方形的宽为.16.如图,矩形内有两个相邻的正方形,面积分别为4和a2,那么阴影部分的面积为.17.现定义新运算:“△”,对任意有理数a、b,规定a△b=ab+a﹣b,例如1△2=1×2+1﹣2,则3△(﹣5)=.18.一只电子跳蚤从数轴原点出发,第一次向右跳一格,第二次向左跳两格,第三次向右跳三格,第四次向左跳四格,…,按这样的规律跳2019次,跳蚤所在的点为.三.解答题(共7小题)19.计算题(1)12+(﹣18)﹣(17)﹣(+10)(2)(3)(4)20.先化简,再求值:,其中x=﹣3,y=﹣2.21.某摩托车厂本周内计划每日生产300辆摩托车,由于工人实行轮休,每日上班人数不一定相等,实际每日生产量与计划量相比情况如表(增加的车辆数为正数,减少的车辆数为负数)星期一二三四五六日增减﹣5 +7 ﹣3 +4 +10 ﹣9 ﹣25 (1)本周三生产了多少辆摩托车?(2)产量最多的一天和产量最少的一天各是哪一天?各生产了多少辆?(3)本周实际生产多少辆?22.已知有理数a、b、c在数轴上对应的点的位置如图所示,化简:|a+b|﹣|b|﹣|c﹣a|+3|a﹣b|.23.用A4纸复印文件,在甲复印店不管一次印多少页,每页收费0.1元.在乙复印店复印相同的文件,一次复印页数不超过20时,每页收费0.12元;超过的部分每页收费0.09元.在甲、乙两家复印店一次复印文件x(x>20,且x为整数)页的费用各是多少?两家相差多少?24.已知A=2x2+3ax﹣2x﹣1,B=﹣3x2+3ax﹣1,且C=3A﹣2B.(1)求多项式C;(2)若C中不含x项,求a的值.25.观察下列有规律的一列数:根据规律可得(1)是第个数;(2)计算:;(3)计算:.参考答案与试题解析一.选择题(共12小题)1.2的相反数是()A.﹣2 B.±2 C.|﹣2| D.【分析】根据只有符号不同的两个数叫做互为相反数解答.【解答】解:2的相反数是﹣2.故选:A.2.下列各式中,是二次三项式的是()A.3+a+ab B.32+3x+1 C.a3+a2﹣3 D.x2+y2+x﹣y【分析】找到单项式的最高次数是2的,整个式子由3个单项式组成的多项式即可.【解答】解:A、单项式的最高次数是2,整个式子由3个单项式组成,符合题意;B、单项式的最高次数是1,整个式子由3个单项式组成,不符合题意;C、单项式的最高次数是3,整个式子由3个单项式组成,不符合题意;D、单项式的最高次数是2,整个式子由4个单项式组成,不符合题意.故选:A.3.据2019年3月21日《天津日报》报道,“伟大的变革﹣﹣庆祝改革开放40周年大型展览”3月20日圆满闭幕,自开幕以来,现场观众累计约为4230000人次.将4230000用科学记数法表示应为()A.0.423×107B.4.23×106C.42.3×105D.423×104【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n 的值是易错点,由于4230000有7位,所以可以确定n=7﹣1=6.【解答】解:4230000=4.23×106.故选:B.4.若长方形的长为2a+3b,宽为a+b,则其周长是()A.6a+8b B.12a+16b C.3a+4b D.6a+4b【分析】根据周长=2×(长+宽),据此列代数式.【解答】解:周长为:2×(2a+3b+a+b)=6a+8b.故选:A.5.﹣3a2m b4与2a6b n可以合并成一项,则m、n的值分别是()A.6、4 B.3、3 C.3、4 D.4、4【分析】直接利用合并同类项法则得出m,n的值.【解答】解:∵﹣3a2m b4与2a6b n可以合并成一项,∴2m=6,n=4,解得:m=3,故选:C.6.下列各对数中,数值相等的是()A.﹣3×23与﹣32×2 B.﹣32与(﹣3)2C.﹣25与(﹣2)5D.﹣(﹣3)2与﹣(﹣2)3【分析】分别求出选项中的每一项,﹣3×23=﹣24,﹣32×2=﹣18,﹣32=﹣9,(﹣3)2=9,﹣25=﹣32,(﹣2)5=﹣32,﹣(﹣3)2=﹣9,(﹣2)3=﹣8即可求解.【解答】解:﹣3×23=﹣24,﹣32×2=﹣18,∴A不正确;﹣32=﹣9,(﹣3)2=9,∴B不正确;﹣25=﹣32,(﹣2)5=﹣32,∴C正确;﹣(﹣3)2=﹣9,(﹣2)3=﹣8,∴D不正确;故选:C.7.下列说法正确的是()A.0.720精确到百分位B.5.078×104精确到千分位C.36万精确到个位D.2.90×105精确到千位【分析】根据近似数的定义分别进行解答即可.【解答】解:A、0.720精确到千分位,故本选项错误;B、5.078×104精确到个位,故本选项错误;C、36万精确到万位,故本选项错误;D、2.90×105精确到千位,故本选项正确;故选:D.8.若|a|=5,|b|=6,且a>b,则a+b的值为()A.﹣1或11 B.1或﹣11 C.﹣1或﹣11 D.11【分析】根据所给a,b绝对值,可知a=±5,b=±6;又知a>b,那么应分类讨论两种情况:a为5,b为﹣6;a为﹣5,b为﹣6,求得a+b的值.【解答】解:已知|a|=5,|b|=6,则a=±5,b=±6∵a>b,∴当a=5,b=﹣6时,a+b=5﹣6=﹣1;当a=﹣5,b=﹣6时,a+b=﹣5﹣6=﹣11.故选:C.9.比2a2﹣3a﹣7少3﹣2a2的多项式是()A.﹣3a﹣4 B.﹣4a2﹣3a+10 C.4a2﹣3a﹣10 D.﹣3a﹣10【分析】直接利用整式的加减运算法则计算得出答案.【解答】解:比2a2﹣3a﹣7少3﹣2a2的多项式是:2a2﹣3a﹣7﹣(3﹣2a2)=4a2﹣3a ﹣10.故选:C.10.若﹣1<x<0,则x,x2,x3的大小关系是()A.x<x3<x2B.x<x2<x3C.x3<x<x2D.x2<x3<x【分析】根据﹣1<x<0,可得x<0,x2>0,x3<0,据此判断出x,x2,x3的大小关系即可.【解答】解:∵﹣1<x<0,∴x<0,x2>0,x3<0,∴x<x3<x2.故选:A.11.已知x2﹣4x+1的值是3,则代数式3x2﹣12x﹣1的值为()A.2 B.5 C.8 D.11【分析】直接利用已知得出x2﹣4x=2,再代入原式得出答案.【解答】解:∵x2﹣4x+1=3,∴x2﹣4x=2,则代数式3x2﹣12x﹣1=3(x2﹣4x)﹣1=3×2﹣1=5.故选:B.12.如果=﹣1,那么的值为()A.﹣2 B.﹣1 C.0 D.不确定【分析】根据题目已知,先判断a、b、c的正负,再判断ab、ac、bc、abc的正负,最后计算得结论.【解答】因为=﹣1,所以a、b、c两负一正,令a>0,则b<0,c<0,∴ab<0,ac<0,bc>0,abc>0所以═﹣1+1﹣1+1=0.故选:C.二.填空题(共6小题)13.化简:﹣[+(﹣6)]= 6 .【分析】依据相反数的定义化简括号即可.【解答】解:﹣[+(﹣6)]=﹣(﹣6)=6.故答案为:6.14.计算:(﹣1)÷(﹣9)×=.【分析】先把除法转化为乘法,再根据有理数的乘法运算法则进行计算即可得解.【解答】解:(﹣1)÷(﹣9)×,=(﹣1)×(﹣)×,=×,=.故答案为:.15.长方形的长为2a+3b,周长为6a+4b,则该长方形的宽为a﹣b.【分析】根据周长的一半减去长得到宽列出关系式,计算即可得到结果.【解答】解:∵长方形的长为2a+3b,周长为6a+4b,∴宽为(6a+4b)﹣(2a+3b)=3a+2b﹣2a﹣3b=a﹣b.故答案为:a﹣b16.如图,矩形内有两个相邻的正方形,面积分别为4和a2,那么阴影部分的面积为2a ﹣a2.【分析】根据正方形的面积公式求得两个正方形的边长分别是a,2,再根据阴影部分的面积等于矩形的面积减去两个正方形的面积进行计算.【解答】解:∵矩形内有两个相邻的正方形面积分别为4和a2,∴两个正方形的边长分别是a,2,∴阴影部分的面积=2(2+a)﹣4﹣a2=2a﹣a2.故答案为:2a﹣a2.17.现定义新运算:“△”,对任意有理数a、b,规定a△b=ab+a﹣b,例如1△2=1×2+1﹣2,则3△(﹣5)=﹣7 .【分析】原式利用题中的新定义化简,计算即可求出值.【解答】解:根据题中的新定义得:原式=﹣15+3+5=﹣7,故答案为:﹣718.一只电子跳蚤从数轴原点出发,第一次向右跳一格,第二次向左跳两格,第三次向右跳三格,第四次向左跳四格,…,按这样的规律跳2019次,跳蚤所在的点为1010 .【分析】数轴上点的移动规律是“左减右加”.依据规律计算即可.【解答】解:0+1﹣2+3﹣4+5﹣6+…+2017﹣2018+2019=1010.故答案为:1010.三.解答题(共7小题)19.计算题(1)12+(﹣18)﹣(17)﹣(+10)(2)(3)(4)【分析】(1)原式利用减法法则变形,计算即可求出值;(2)原式利用乘法分配律计算即可求出值;(3)原式结合后,相加即可求出值;(4)原式先计算乘方运算,再计算乘除运算,最后算加减运算即可求出值.【解答】解:(1)原式=12﹣18﹣17﹣10=﹣33;(2)原式=﹣33+28﹣10﹣6×(1.43﹣3.93)=﹣15﹣6×2.5=﹣15﹣15=﹣30;(3)原式=﹣+3﹣21﹣2=3﹣24=﹣21;(4)原式=﹣16×﹣×﹣=﹣﹣﹣=.20.先化简,再求值:,其中x=﹣3,y=﹣2.【分析】原式去括号合并得到最简结果,把x与y的值代入计算即可求出值.【解答】解:原式=x﹣2x+y2+2x﹣2y2=x﹣y2,当x=﹣3,y=﹣2时,原式=﹣3﹣=﹣.21.某摩托车厂本周内计划每日生产300辆摩托车,由于工人实行轮休,每日上班人数不一定相等,实际每日生产量与计划量相比情况如表(增加的车辆数为正数,减少的车辆数为负数)星期一二三四五六日增减﹣5 +7 ﹣3 +4 +10 ﹣9 ﹣25 (1)本周三生产了多少辆摩托车?(2)产量最多的一天和产量最少的一天各是哪一天?各生产了多少辆?(3)本周实际生产多少辆?【分析】(1)根据正负数的意义,用300减去3计算即可得解;(2)观察图表可知星期五产量最大,星期七产量最少,然后列式计算即可得解;(3)把增减情况相加,再根据正负数的意义解答【解答】解:(1)300﹣3=297(辆),答:本周三生产了297辆摩托车;(2)产量最多的是星期五:300+10=310(辆),产量最少的是星期七:300﹣25=275(辆);答:产量最多的是星期五,生产了310辆,产量最少的是星期七,生产了275辆;(3)300×7+(﹣5+7﹣3+4+10﹣9﹣25),=300×7+(﹣5﹣3﹣9﹣25+7+4+10),=300×7+(﹣42+21),=2079(辆),答:本周总生产量2079辆22.已知有理数a、b、c在数轴上对应的点的位置如图所示,化简:|a+b|﹣|b|﹣|c﹣a|+3|a﹣b|.【分析】首先判断出a+b<0,b>0,c﹣a>0,a﹣b<0,然后根据绝对值的定义化简和合并即可求解.【解答】解:由题意得a+b<0,b>0,c﹣a>0,a﹣b<0,则|a+b|﹣|b|﹣|c﹣a|+3|a﹣b|=﹣(a+b)﹣b﹣(c﹣a)﹣3(a﹣b)=﹣a﹣b﹣b﹣c+a﹣3a+3b=﹣3a+b﹣c.23.用A4纸复印文件,在甲复印店不管一次印多少页,每页收费0.1元.在乙复印店复印相同的文件,一次复印页数不超过20时,每页收费0.12元;超过的部分每页收费0.09元.在甲、乙两家复印店一次复印文件x(x>20,且x为整数)页的费用各是多少?两家相差多少?【分析】设复印页数为x页时,根据收费方式不同列出关系式.【解答】解:设复印页数为x页时,根据题意,在甲复印店的费用是:0.1x;在乙复印店的费用是:20×0.12+(x﹣20)•0.09=0.09x+0.6;故两家相差:0.1x﹣(0.09x+0.6)=0.01x﹣0.6.24.已知A=2x2+3ax﹣2x﹣1,B=﹣3x2+3ax﹣1,且C=3A﹣2B.(1)求多项式C;(2)若C中不含x项,求a的值.【分析】(1)直接利用整式的加减运算法则计算得出答案;(2)直接利用C中不含x项,即x的系数为零,即可得出答案.【解答】解:(1)∵A=2x2+3ax﹣2x﹣1,B=﹣3x2+3ax﹣1,且C=3A﹣2B,∴C=3(2x2+3ax﹣2x﹣1)﹣2(﹣3x2+3ax﹣1)=6x2+9ax﹣6x﹣3+6x2﹣6ax+2=12x2+3ax﹣6x﹣1;(2)∵C中不含x项,∴3a﹣6=0,解得:a=2.25.观察下列有规律的一列数:根据规律可得(1)是第10 个数;(2)计算:;(3)计算:.【分析】(1)根据已知的一列数的规律即可求解;(2)根据(1)中发现的规律进行计算即可;(3)根据(1)中发现的规律,先变形原式进行计算即可.【解答】解:(1)观察下列有规律的一列数:根据规律可得:=,=,=,…所以=.所以是第10个数.故答案为10.(2)原式=1﹣+﹣+﹣+…+﹣=1﹣=;(3)原式=+(﹣+﹣+﹣+…+﹣)=+(﹣)=.。

2018-2019学年七年级下学期期中考试英语试题及答案解析

2018-2019学年七年级下学期期中考试英语试题及答案解析

2018-2019学年七年级下学期期中考英语试题班级________姓名_______ 座号______ 分数_____一.听力理解(本大题分为A、B、C、D四部分,共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)A.听单句话(本题有5小题,每小题1分,共5分)根据所听句子的内容和所提的问题,选择符合题意的图画回答问题。

每小题听一遍。

()1. Who is Miss Li ?( ) 2. What does Betty like ?( ) 3.How's the weather today ?( ) 4. How does the speaker go to school ?( ) 5. What does Eric do after school ?B. 听对话(本题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)根据所听内容,回答每段对话后面的问题,在每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

每段对话听两遍。

听第一段对话,回答第6小题。

()6. Where is Mike's mother in the photo?A. Next to Mike.B. In front of Mike.C. Behind Mike. 听第二段对话,回答第7小题。

( ) 7. Who is Miss Chen?A. Betty's aunt.B. Betty's teacher.C. Betty's boss. 听第三段对话,回答第8小题。

( ) 8. What is king's son?A. A teacher.B. A managerC. A doctor.听第四段对话,回答第9小题。

( ) 9. How is Tony's grandpa?A. HealthyB. KindC. Sick.听第五段对话,回答第10小题。

( ) 10. How many children are there in Dave's family?A. ThreeB. TwoC. One听第六段对话,回答第11~12小题。

广东省深圳市南山区育才三中2018-2019年七年级上学期英语期中考试试卷(解析版)

广东省深圳市南山区育才三中2018-2019年七年级上学期英语期中考试试卷(解析版)

广东省深圳市南山区育才三中2018-2019学年七年级上学期英语期中考试试卷一、从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项。

(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1.—Can we take a break now, Mum?—OK, Simon. Let's get some water.A. short restB. small workC. long holiday2.—Henry, will you take part in the sports meeting?—Of course. I am good at running and I want to win this year.A. joinB. join inC. get to3.—The Earth provides us with air, water and food.—So it is important for us to save our Earth.A. offers usB. offers to usC. gives to us4.We should protect the land from now on, or we'll be in danger.A. keep the land safeB. keep the land freshC. keep the land beautiful5.—You went home very late last night, right?—Yes, the party ended at midnight.A. was onB. was overC. was off6.—Mum, can we go to the beach now?—OK. Do you get everything ready?A. some thingsB. all the thingsC. nothing7.—What does your uncle do?—He is an actor.A. What's your uncle?B. Who's your uncle?C. What job does your uncle like?8.We really had a good time at your birthday party yesterday.A. had a funB. played togetherC. enjoyed ourselves9.—It is too cold here.—Let's burn some wood to keep warm.A. put…out fireB. set…on fireC. make…shine10.—It is important for us to keep the river clean.—That's true. We can't pollute it.A. make it dirtyB. make it cleanC. make it wet二、从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年广东省广州市越秀区育才中学七年级(上)期中数学试卷(解析版)

2019-2020学年广东省广州市越秀区育才中学七年级(上)期中数学试卷(解析版)

2019-2020学年广东省广州市越秀区育才中学七年级第一学期期中数学试卷一、选择题1.据统计,到2017年底,广州市的常住人口将达到14330000人,这个人口数据用科学记数法表示为()A.1433×104B.1.433×108C.1.433×107D.0.1433×1082.a(a≠0)的相反数是()A.a B.﹣a C.D.|a|3.下列计算正确的是()A.33=9B.﹣42=﹣16C.﹣8﹣8=0D.﹣5﹣2=﹣3 4.下列各题正确的是()A.3x+3y=6xy B.﹣x﹣x=0C.3y2﹣9y2=6y2D.9a2b﹣9a2b=05.下列说法错误的是()A.2x2﹣3xy﹣1是二次三项式B.是多项式C.﹣πxy2的系数是﹣πD.﹣22xab2的次数是66.若﹣3x m y2与2x3y2是同类项,则m等于()A.1B.2C.3D.47.下列方程中,为一元一次方程的是()A.2x﹣3=0B.﹣7x+5C.x+5y=10D.x2﹣2x﹣3=0 8.若x=y,则下列式子错误的是()A.x﹣y=0B.x+1=y+1C.﹣x=﹣y D.4﹣x=4+y9.用棋子摆出下列一组“口”字,按照这种方法摆,则摆第n个“口”字需用棋子()A.4n枚B.(4n﹣4)枚C.(4n+4)枚D.n2枚10.已知a、b为有理数,下列式子:①|ab|>ab;②;③;④a3+b3=0.其中一定能够表示a、b异号的有()个.A.1B.2C.3D.4二.填空题11.﹣2的倒数是.12.10.0658≈.(精确到百分位)13.数轴上表示﹣1的点先向右移动3个单位,再向左移动6个单位,则此时该点表示的数是.14.若a2﹣2a+1=0,则2a2﹣4a=.15.已知一个两位数M的个位数字是a,十位数字是b,交换这个两位数的十位上的数与个位上的数的位置,所得的新数记为N,则M﹣N=.16.如图所示的运算程序中,若开始输入的x值为100,我们发现第1次输出的结果为50,第2次输出的结果为25,…,则第2019次输出的结果为.三.解答题17.(16分)计算下列各题的值:(1)0﹣2+(﹣14)﹣(﹣6)﹣13;(2)﹣16÷﹣×9;(3)(﹣1)99+×(﹣1)÷(﹣3)2;(4)﹣12×(﹣+)﹣6.18.化简:(1)3x2﹣5x﹣4+2x﹣4x2+7;(2)x﹣(x﹣y2)+(﹣x+y2).19.先化简,再求值:(1)已知A=6x2﹣5x+1,B=3x2﹣2x﹣5,求当x=时A﹣2B的值.(2)6(a+b)2﹣5(a+b)+9(a+b)2﹣2(a+b),其中a+b=.20.笔记本的单价是x元,圆珠笔的单价是y元.小红买3本笔记本,6支圆珠笔;小明买6本笔记本,3支圆珠笔.(1)买这些笔记本和圆珠笔小红和小明一共花费多少元钱?(2)若每本笔记本比每支圆珠笔贵2元,求小明比小红多花费了多少元钱?21.某食品厂从生产的袋装食品中抽出样品15袋,检测每袋的质量是否符合标准,超过或不足的部分分别用正、负数来表示,记录如下表:与标准质量的差值(单位:克)﹣5 ﹣2 0+1 +3 +6 袋数253131(1)这批样品的平均质量比标准质量多还是少?多或少几克?(2)若标准质量为500克,则抽样检测的15袋食品的总质量是多少?22.(1)已知|x|=2,y3=﹣,且x+y>0,求y x的值.(2)已知多项式A=(2x2+xy﹣6)﹣(﹣3x2y+3xy+y)的值与字母x的取值无关,求多项式A的值.23.已知:数轴上点A对应的数为﹣1,点B对应的数为3,点A,B之间的距离用线段AB 表示,P为数轴上一动点,点P对应的数为x.(1)AB=;PA=.(2)已知:|x+1|+|x﹣3|=16,求x的值.(3)化简:|x+1|+|x﹣3|.参考答案一、选择题1.据统计,到2017年底,广州市的常住人口将达到14330000人,这个人口数据用科学记数法表示为()A.1433×104B.1.433×108C.1.433×107D.0.1433×108【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n 的值时,要看把原数变成a时,小数点移动了多少位,n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值>1时,n是正数;当原数的绝对值<1时,n是负数.解:14330000人,这个人口数据用科学记数法表示为1.433×107.故选:C.2.a(a≠0)的相反数是()A.a B.﹣a C.D.|a|【分析】直接根据相反数的定义求解.解:a的相反数为﹣a.故选:B.3.下列计算正确的是()A.33=9B.﹣42=﹣16C.﹣8﹣8=0D.﹣5﹣2=﹣3【分析】A、原式利用乘方的意义计算得到结果,即可作出判断;B、原式利用乘方的意义计算得到结果,即可作出判断;C、原式利用减法法则计算得到结果,即可作出判断;D、原式利用减法法则计算得到结果,即可作出判断.解:A、原式=27,不符合题意;B、原式=﹣16,符合题意;C、原式=﹣16,不符合题意;D、原式=﹣7,不符合题意.故选:B.4.下列各题正确的是()A.3x+3y=6xy B.﹣x﹣x=0C.3y2﹣9y2=6y2D.9a2b﹣9a2b=0【分析】合并同类项的法则:把同类项的系数相加,所得结果作为系数,字母和字母的指数不变.据此逐一判断即可.解:A.3x与3y不是同类项,所以不能合并,故本选项不合题意;B.﹣x﹣x=﹣2x,故本选项不合题意;C.3y2﹣9y2=﹣6y2,故本选项不合题意;D.9a2b﹣9a2b=0,故本选项符合题意;故选:D.5.下列说法错误的是()A.2x2﹣3xy﹣1是二次三项式B.是多项式C.﹣πxy2的系数是﹣πD.﹣22xab2的次数是6【分析】利用多项式的项数与次数的定义,单项式的次数与系数的定义判断即可.解:A、2x2﹣3xy﹣1是二次三项式,故A选项不符合题意;B、,是一个多项式,故B选项不符合题意;C、单项式﹣πxy2的系数是﹣π,故C选项不符合题意;D、﹣22xab2的次数是4,故D选项符合题意,故选:D.6.若﹣3x m y2与2x3y2是同类项,则m等于()A.1B.2C.3D.4【分析】根据同类项的定义,所含字母相同且相同字母的指数也相同的项是同类项,可得:m=3.注意同类项与字母的顺序无关,与系数无关.解:因为﹣3x m y2与2x3y2是同类项,所以m=3.故选:C.7.下列方程中,为一元一次方程的是()A.2x﹣3=0B.﹣7x+5C.x+5y=10D.x2﹣2x﹣3=0【分析】根据一元一次方程的定义即可求出答案.只含有一个未知数(元),且未知数的次数是1,这样的整式方程叫一元一次方程.解:A.2x﹣3=0,只含有一个未知数(元),且未知数的次数是1,是一元一次方程,故本选项符合题意;B.﹣7x+5,不是方程,故本选项不符合题意;C.x+5y=10,含有两个未知数,不是一元一次方程,故本选项不符合题意;D.x2﹣2x﹣3=0,未知数的最高次数不是1,不是一元一次方程,故本选项不符合题意;故选:A.8.若x=y,则下列式子错误的是()A.x﹣y=0B.x+1=y+1C.﹣x=﹣y D.4﹣x=4+y【分析】根据等式的基本性质逐一判断可得.解:A、∵x=y,∴x﹣y=0正确,故本选项不符合题意;B、∵x=y,∴x+1=y+1正确,故本选项不符合题意;C、∵x=y,∴﹣x=﹣y正确,故本选项不符合题意;D、∵x=y,∴4+x=4+y,故本选项符合题意;故选:D.9.用棋子摆出下列一组“口”字,按照这种方法摆,则摆第n个“口”字需用棋子()A.4n枚B.(4n﹣4)枚C.(4n+4)枚D.n2枚【分析】每增加一个数就增加四个棋子.解:n=1时,棋子个数为4=1×4;n=2时,棋子个数为8=2×4;n=3时,棋子个数为12=3×4;…;n=n时,棋子个数为n×4=4n.故选:A.10.已知a、b为有理数,下列式子:①|ab|>ab;②;③;④a3+b3=0.其中一定能够表示a、b异号的有()个.A.1B.2C.3D.4【分析】由|ab|>ab得到ab<0,可判断a、b一定异号;由<0时,可判断a、b一定异号;由||=﹣得到≤0,当a=0时,不能判断a、b不一定异号;由a3+b3=0可得到a+b=0,当a=b=0,则不能a、b不一定异号.解:当|ab|>ab时,a、b一定异号;当<0时,a、b一定异号;当||=﹣,则≤0,a可能等于0,b≠0,a、b不一定异号;当a3+b3=0,a3=﹣b3,即a3=(﹣b)3,所以a=﹣b,有可能a=b=0,a、b不一定异号.所以一定能够表示a、b异号的有①②.故选:B.二.填空题11.﹣2的倒数是.【分析】根据倒数定义可知,﹣2的倒数是﹣.解:﹣2的倒数是﹣.12.10.0658≈10.07.(精确到百分位)【分析】把千分位上的数字5进行四舍五入即可.解:10.0658≈10.07.(精确到百分位)故答案为10.07.13.数轴上表示﹣1的点先向右移动3个单位,再向左移动6个单位,则此时该点表示的数是﹣4.【分析】根据数轴上右加左减的原则进行解答即可.解:数轴上表示﹣1的点先向右移动3个单位的点为:﹣1+3=2;再向左移动6个单位的点为:2﹣6=﹣4.故答案为:﹣4.14.若a2﹣2a+1=0,则2a2﹣4a=﹣2.【分析】先对已知进行变形,所求代数式化成已知的形式,再利用整体代入法求解.解:∵a2﹣2a+1=0∴a2﹣2a=﹣1∴2a2﹣4a=2(a2﹣2a)=﹣2.15.已知一个两位数M的个位数字是a,十位数字是b,交换这个两位数的十位上的数与个位上的数的位置,所得的新数记为N,则M﹣N=9b﹣9a.【分析】由十位上的数字乘以10加上个位上的数字表示出两位数M,再由个位与十位交换表示出新数N,由M﹣N列出关系式,去括号合并即可得到结果.解:根据题意列得:两位数M=10b+a,交换后的新数N=10a+b,则M﹣N=(10b+a)﹣(10a+b)=10b+a﹣10a﹣b=9b﹣9a.故答案为:9b﹣9a16.如图所示的运算程序中,若开始输入的x值为100,我们发现第1次输出的结果为50,第2次输出的结果为25,…,则第2019次输出的结果为2.【分析】根据设计的程序进行计算,找到循环的规律,根据规律推导计算.解:由设计的程序,知依次输出的结果是50,25,32,16,8,4,2,1,8,4,2,1…,发现从8开始循环.则2019﹣4=2015,2015÷4=503…3,故第2019次输出的结果是2.故答案为:2三.解答题17.(16分)计算下列各题的值:(1)0﹣2+(﹣14)﹣(﹣6)﹣13;(2)﹣16÷﹣×9;(3)(﹣1)99+×(﹣1)÷(﹣3)2;(4)﹣12×(﹣+)﹣6.【分析】(1)原式利用减法法则变形,计算即可求出值;(2)原式先计算乘除运算,再计算加减运算即可求出值;(3)原式利用乘方的意义,乘法分配律,以及乘除法则计算即可求出值;(4)原式利用乘法分配律计算即可求出值.解:(1)原式=0+(﹣2)+(﹣14)+6+(﹣13)=[(﹣2)+(﹣14)+(﹣13)]+6=(﹣29)+6=﹣23;(2)原式=﹣16×﹣×9=﹣20﹣6=﹣27;(3)原式=﹣1+(×﹣×1)÷9=﹣1+(﹣)×=﹣1+(﹣)×=﹣1﹣=﹣1.18.化简:(1)3x2﹣5x﹣4+2x﹣4x2+7;(2)x﹣(x﹣y2)+(﹣x+y2).【分析】(1)合并同类项进行化简;(2)先去括号,然后合并同类项进行化简.解:(1)原式=(3﹣4)x2+(﹣5+2)x﹣4+7=﹣x2﹣3x+3,(2)原式=x﹣x+﹣x+=(﹣﹣1)x+()y2=﹣2x+y2.19.先化简,再求值:(1)已知A=6x2﹣5x+1,B=3x2﹣2x﹣5,求当x=时A﹣2B的值.(2)6(a+b)2﹣5(a+b)+9(a+b)2﹣2(a+b),其中a+b=.【分析】(1)先把A、B表示的代数式代入化简,再把x的值代入计算;(2)把(a+b)看成一个整体,先化简代数式,再求值.解:(1)A﹣2B=6x2﹣5x+1﹣2(3x2﹣2x﹣5)=6x2﹣5x+1﹣6x2+4x+10=﹣x+11,当x=时,原式=﹣+11=10;(2)原式=(6+9)(a+b)2﹣(5+2)(a+b)=15(a+b)2﹣7(a+b).当a+b=,原式=15×()2﹣7×=15×﹣7×=﹣=﹣.20.笔记本的单价是x元,圆珠笔的单价是y元.小红买3本笔记本,6支圆珠笔;小明买6本笔记本,3支圆珠笔.(1)买这些笔记本和圆珠笔小红和小明一共花费多少元钱?(2)若每本笔记本比每支圆珠笔贵2元,求小明比小红多花费了多少元钱?【分析】(1)分别用含x、y的代数式表示出小红、小明的花费,合并它们花费的代数式;(2)用含x、y的代数式表示出小明比小红多花费的钱数,把每本笔记本比每支圆珠笔贵2元代入化简后的代数式.【解答】(1)由题意,得3x+6y+6x+3y=9x+9y答:买这些笔记本和圆珠笔小红和小明一共花费了(9x+9y)元;(2)由题意,得(6x+3y)﹣(3x+6y)=3x﹣3y因为每本笔记本比每支圆珠笔贵2元,即x﹣y=2所以小明比小红多花费:3x﹣3y=3(x﹣y)=6(元)答:小明比小红多花费了6元钱.21.某食品厂从生产的袋装食品中抽出样品15袋,检测每袋的质量是否符合标准,超过或不足的部分分别用正、负数来表示,记录如下表:与标准质量的差值(单位:克)﹣5 ﹣2 0+1 +3 +6 袋数253131(1)这批样品的平均质量比标准质量多还是少?多或少几克?(2)若标准质量为500克,则抽样检测的15袋食品的总质量是多少?【分析】(1)计算出超过和不足的质量和,继而可作出判断;(2)利用标准总质量减去少的质量可求解.解:(1)(−5)×2+(−2)×5+0×3+1×1+3×3+6×1=−10−10+1+9+6=−4(克),答:这批样品的平均质量比标准质量少4克;(2)500×15+(−4)=7496(克).答:抽样检测的15袋食品的总质量是7496克.22.(1)已知|x|=2,y3=﹣,且x+y>0,求y x的值.(2)已知多项式A=(2x2+xy﹣6)﹣(﹣3x2y+3xy+y)的值与字母x的取值无关,求多项式A的值.【分析】(1)先根据绝对值和立方根的概念求得x和y的值,然后再根据x+y>0,确定所符合题意的x与y的值,最后代入计算;(2)将原式先去括号,然后合并同类项进行化简,再根据其值与字母x的取值无关求得y的值,从而确定多项式的值.解:(1)∵|x|=2,y3=﹣,∴x=±2,y=﹣,又∵x+y>0,∴x取2,y取﹣,∴y x的值为(﹣)2=;(2)A=2x2+xy﹣6+x2y﹣xy﹣y=2x2﹣6+x2y﹣y=(2+y)x2﹣y﹣6,∵A的值与字母x的取值无关,∴2+y=0,即y=﹣2,∴多项式A的值﹣==﹣.23.已知:数轴上点A对应的数为﹣1,点B对应的数为3,点A,B之间的距离用线段AB 表示,P为数轴上一动点,点P对应的数为x.(1)AB=4;PA=|x+1|.(2)已知:|x+1|+|x﹣3|=16,求x的值.(3)化简:|x+1|+|x﹣3|.【分析】(1)根握数轴上两点之间的距离可得结果;(2)分三种情况讨论,去掉绝对值得到方程,解之即可;(3)分三种情况讨论,去掉绝对值化简可.解:(1)∵点A对应的数为﹣1,点B对应的数力3,∴AB=3﹣(﹣1)=4,∵点P对应的为x,∴PA=|x﹣(﹣1)|=|x+1|,故答案为:4,|x+1|;(2)当x<﹣1时,﹣x﹣1﹣x+3=16,解得:x=﹣7,当﹣1≤x≤3时,x+1﹣x+3=16,x无解;当x>3时,x+1+x﹣3=16,解得:x=9,综上:x的值为﹣7成9;(3)当x<﹣1时,x+1+|x﹣3|=﹣x﹣1﹣x+3=﹣2x+2;当﹣1≤x≤3时,|x+1|+|x﹣3|=﹣x+1﹣x+3=4,当x>3时,|x+1|+|x﹣3|=﹣x+1+x﹣3=2x﹣2.。

2019初一育实期中答案

2019初一育实期中答案

B.

C.

【答案】 A
【解析】 由题意,得

解得

故选: .
D.

5. 下列方程中,是一元一次方程的是( ).
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】 D 【解析】 由一元一次方程的定义可得 选项是一元一次方程.
选项是二元一次方程, 选项是一元二次方程, 选项是分式方程.
6. 下列去括号或添括号的变形中,正确的是( ).
∴ 到点 的距离为

到点 的距离为

故答案为 , .
( 2 )当 点在 点右侧,
且 点还没有追上 点时,

解得 ,
∴此时点 表示的数为 ,
当 点在 点左侧,
且 点追上 点后,
相距 个单位,

解得 ,
∴此时点 表示的数为 ,
当 点到达 点后,
当 点在 点左侧时,

解得 ,
∴此时点 表示的数为 ,
当 点到达 点后,
2.
( ).
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】 D 【解析】
. 故选 .
3. 过度包装既浪费资源又污染环境.据测算,如果全国每年减少 的过度包装纸用量,那么可减
排二氧化碳
吨,把数
用科学记数法表示为( ).
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】 B
【解析】 将
用科学记数法表示为:

故选: .
4. 若

A.

是同类项,则 、 的值分别是( ).
【解析】 两个长为 ,四个宽为 ,六个高为 ,
∴打包带的长是
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广州市育才教育集团暨育才实验学校2019学年第一学期期中检测七年级英语试卷第I卷一、听力第一节听力理解(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)听下面一段对话,回答第1~2小题。

1. What does the man like doing?A. Working with kidsB. Playing football.C. Coaching the team.2. What kind of work will the man do?A. Make Chinese dishes.B. Clean the streets.C. Chat with the old people.听下面一段对话,回答第3~5小题。

3. Where does the man want to go?A. A hospital.B. A hotel.C. A school.4. The man is probably a __________.A. taxi driverB. teacherC. foreigner5. How does the man decide to go there in the end?A. On foot.B. By taxi.C. By bus.听下面一段对话,回答第6~7小题。

6. Who is the man buying a gift for?A. His daughter.B. His wife.C. His mother.7. What gift does the man finally buy?A. A red dress.B. Some flowers.C. A black purse.听下面一段对话,回答第8~10小题。

8. If a traveler wants to buy a pair of sports shoes, which floor should he go to in the shopping centre?A. On the first floor.B. On the second floor.C. On the third floor.9. When will the travelers get to the shopping centre?A. At about 4:00 p.m.B. At about 3:00 p.m.C. At about 2:00 p.m.10. Where do you think the speaker is speaking?A. On a bus.B. At a bus stop.C. On the shopping centre.第二节听取信息(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)二、语音辨别(共10小题,每小题0.5分,满分5分)A)请找出下列选项的划线部分字母发音与其他三个不同的选项。

11. A. together B. hobby C. complete D. pollution12. A. flat B. band C. never D. practice13. A. quiz B. ring C. into D. field14. A. buys B. cakes C. caps D. seldom15. A. could B. pollute C. blue D. shoeB)请找出下列选项中重音位置与其他三个不同的选项。

16. A. together B. engineer C. protect D. pollute17. A. quarter B. away C. daily D. country18. A. beautiful B. animal C. piano D. bicycle19. A. rubbish B. elder C. yourself D. grade20. A. usually B. different C. alive D. people21. —__________ is your mother?—She is a doctor.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhichD. Where22. —Dear, you have read for __________ hour. Don’t you feel tired?—No, mom, this is __________ useful book and I really learn a lot.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a23. —How often __________ your brother do sports?—__________.A. do, Two timesB. does, NeverC. is, Once a weekD. did, Seldom24. He doesn’t like places with too many people, __________ he often stays at home.A. becauseB. asC. forD. so25. There are four __________ and two __________ in the group.A. Japaneses, GermanB. Japanese, GermanC. Japanese, GermansD. Japaneses, Germans26. __________ a sports meeting this week.A. There will beB. There will haveC. There will isD. There will has27. —__________ grape juice do you have in your bottle?—About 300 ml.A. How longB. How manyC. How muchD. How often28. I will __________ the funny game. Do you want to __________ us?A. take part in, joinB. take part in, take part inC. join, take part inD. join, join29. ___________ is dangerous for Jane to play fire.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. She30. —Thank you for your help.—__________.A. Never mindB. That’s all rightC. My pleasureD. No, thanksBruce shook his money box again. There wasn’t 31 in it. He 32 counted the coins that lay on the bed. All that he had was $24.52. The bicycle which he wanted 33 at least $90. How was he going to get the rest of the money?He knew that his friends all had bicycles. It was hard 34 out(闲逛)with people when you were the only one without a bicycle. He thought about what he could do. He couldn’t get money from his parents, 35 he knew they had no extra(额外的)money.There was only one way to get money, and that was to make it. He would have to find a job. He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice.“Well, you can start right here,” said Mr. Clay. “You see, 36 windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.”That was the beginning of Bruce’s part-time job. For the next three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He 37 dogs for walks and cleaned rooms.The day finally came when Bruce counted his money and found $94.32. He wasted no time and went down to the shop to choose the bicycle he wanted. He rode home proudly, hope 38 his new bicycle to his friends. Bruce liked his bicycle very much because he bought it 39 his own money. At last, his dream came true 40 his parents were proud of him.31. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing32. A. carefully B. careful C. care D. cares33. A. cost B. took C. spent D. paid34. A. to hang B. hanging C. hang D. hanged35. A. when B. so C. if D. because36. A. me B. mine C. my D. I37. A. took B. takes C. taking D. take38. A. to show B. show C. showing D. showed39. A. by B. with C. of D. for40. A. though B. but C. or D. and五、完形填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)Bill is a student and an intelligent boy. He likes to study 41 , and he can do all of the maths problems in his book easily.One day on his way to school Bill passed a fruit store. There was a 42 in the window which said, “Apple —Six for five dollars.” An idea 43 to Bill and he went into the store.“How 44 are the apples?” he asked the store.“Six for five dollars.”“But I don’t want six apples.”“How many apples do you want?”“It is not a question of how many apples I want. It is a maths problem.”“What do you 45 by a maths problems?” asked the man.“Well, if six apples are worth(值)five dollars, then five apples are worth four dollars, four apples are worth three dollars, three apples are worth two dollars, two apples are worth one dollar and one apple is worth 46 . I only want 47 apple.”Bill 48 a good apple, began to eat it, and walked 49 out of the store. The man looked at the young boy with such 50 that he could not say a word.41. A. English B. biology C. geography D. maths42. A. news B. book C. sign D. glass43. A. came B. went C. got D. appeared44. A. many B. much C. big D. heavy45. A. mean B. do C. say D. plan46. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing47. A. one B. two C. three D. four48. A. looked out B. put out C. picked out D. set out49. A. angrily B. happily C. easily D. thoughtfully50. A. sadness B. prize C. surprise D. fruit六阅读理解(共45分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)AOne day a very rich family went on a trip to the countryside. The father wanted to tell his son that people will live a hard life if they are poor, so they spent a day and a night on the farm of a very poor family.When they got back from their trip, the father asked his son,“My dear son, how was the trip?”“Very good, Dad!”“Did you see how poor people lived?” the father asked.“Yeah!”“And what did you learn?” the father asked.The son answered, “We have a dog at home, and they have four. We have a pool that is in the middle of the garden and they have a river that has no end. We have very expensive lamps in the garden and they have the stars.”When the little boy finished, his father was speechless. He had no idea how to answer his son.51. Where did the father and the son go one day?A To a friend’s home in the countryside. B. To their farm in the countryside.C. To a poor family in the countryside.D. To a garden in the countryside.52. How long was the trip there?A. About 12 hours.B. About 24 hours.C. About 48 hours.D. About 36 hours.53. The father wanted to show his son __________.A. how poor their family wasB. how rich their family wasC. where the poor family livedD. how the poor family lived54. How many dogs does the poor family have?A. Only one.B. Four.C. FiveD. None.55. What does the word “speechless” mean?A. 寡言少语的B. 毫无星光的C. 无话可说的D. 没有帮助的BDear Mr. Landers,I am the owner of the hairdressing(理发)shop above Mr. Shah’s shop at 23 High Street. I started the business 20 years ago and it is now very successful. My customers (顾客)have to walk through Mr. Shah’s shop to the stairs at the back. This has never been a problem.Mr. Shah plans to retire(退休)later this year. A friend told me that you are going to rent(租)the shop space to a hamburger restaurant. I have thought about trying to rent it myself and make my shop bigger, but I don’t have enough money. And I can’t borrow that much money wither. I don’t know what to do. My customers come to the hairdresser’s to relax. The noise and smell of a hamburger restaurant will surely drive them away. Also, they won’t like having to walk through a hot, smelly hamburger restaurant to reach my shop.I have always paid my rent(租金)on time. You have told me in the past that you wish me to continue with my business for as long as possible. I know you own another shop in the High Street. Could the hamburger restaurant go there? And I’m sure it will find a great shop space.56. What’s the writer’s purpose(目的)of the letter?A. To show her business in successful.B. To show her customers are not happy.C. To try to solve(解决)her business problems.D. To make more customers come to her shop.57. Who was the letter sent to?A. The owner of the house.B. The writer’s friend.C. The owner of the hamburger restaurant.D. The local newspaper.58. What does the writer think about the hamburger restaurant?A. It’ll be very popular.B. It won’t be successful.C. It’ll make her lose money.D. The owner of it is not kind59. Why is the writer worried about her customers?A. They don’t like eating burgers.B. They can’t use the stairs.C. Her shop will be crowded.D. The smell will not be good.60. Which reply(回复)would the writer be happy about?A. I’m sorry I can do nothing about it.B. I’ll ask them to look at the other shop.C. I hope you can have enough money to rent it.D. I’m sorry you have to close your shop.CThere is a lot of salt(盐)on the Earth, and it mixes very well with water.There is some salt in all water. Water on the land runs into lakes and rivers. The water from most lakes goes into rivers. These rivers run into the seas and oceans. They carry a little salt with them. Some of the ocean water moves into the air and clouds. It evaporates. Salt cannot evaporate. It stays in oceans.The water in the oceans has more salt than the water in the rivers. Ocean water has about 3.5% salt. Some seas have more salt than others.Some lakes do not have a river to carry the water and salt away. Some of the water evaporates, but the salt cannot. These lakes are very salty. There are two famous lakes like this. They are the Dead Sea in the Middle East and the Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah in the United States. They are much saltier than the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.61. Where may some water in oceans go?A. It runs into lakes.B. It runs into bigger rivers.C. It goes into the Dead Sea.D. It goes into the air and clouds.62. What does the underlined word “evaporate” mean?A. 消失B. 上升C. 蒸发D. 聚集63. Which of the following is the saltiest?A. The Atlantic Ocean.B. The Dead Sea.C. The Pacific Ocean.D. The Dongting Lake.64. Which of the following is TRUE?A. There is salt in lakes and rivers.B. Only water in seas and oceans are salty.C. Salt in the ocean doesn’t evaporates, while salt in the lake does.D. Salt cannot mix well with water.65. What is the best title for this passage?A. Where does salt come from.B. Lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.C. Why is the sea salty.D. Water is valuable.DMickey MouseDonald DuckMcDull66. What cartoon characters first appeared in the comic books?A. MaDull & Donald DuckB. Mickey Mouse & SnoopyC. Donald Duck & SnoopyD. Snoopy & McDull67. Which of the following is not talking about Snoopy?A. Hard-working.B. Selfish.C. Loyal.D. Caring.68. What can we know about McDull according to the passage?A. McDull is a female pig.B. He never gives up easily.C. His perfectness makes him popular.D. He is very special and has many dreams.69. What can we learn from the passage above?A. Snoopy was created earlier than Donald Duck.B. People didn’t like Donald Duck because he was greedy.C. Both Donald Duck and McDull were created in the same month.D. Mickey Mouse first appeared in the film called The Wise Little Hen.70. Where can we probably read this passage?A. From a notice.B. From a storybook.C. From a cartoon TV.D. From a cartoon magazine.第二节阅读填空(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)Dee’s teacher gave a piece of homework. (71)___________ Dee went to the school library to find some information about it. (72) __________ Then she found a person, Mr. West. She would like to write a report about him. Dee asked the worker in the library, “Does the library have other books about Mr. West?” The worker said, “No, (73)__________ He is a teacher in your school.” Dee wanted to get more information about Mr. West, so she went to Mr. Brown to ask some questions about Mr. West.(74)__________ Dee had fun collecting many interesting facts about Mr. West.(75)__________A. Dee learnt that Mr. West did many interesting things during his life.B. She read a lot of articles and took notes.C. But Mr. Brown knows a lot about him.D. Now she was busy writing her report.E. All students should read a biology(传记)and write a report.第II卷七、单词拼写(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)76. When the bell r____________, everyone rushes out of the classroom.77. I heard a very loud s____________ last night. I was afraid.78. Peter is good at writing and he writes some a____________ these days.79. Having a healthy body is very i____________, so you should keep doing exercise every day.80. My e____________ sister often takes care of me when my parents are not at home.81. She closed the window to p____________ the books from the rain.82. There are three m____________ near my home. I often buy vegetables and fruit in one of them.83. How many k_________________ are there from your school to the library?84. You can paly the music better if you can have more p____________ after class.85. She often r____________ a bike to the park at weekends.八、完成句子(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)86. 这学期谁叫你们数学?____________ ____________ you Maths this term?87. 我喜欢和班上的同学交朋友。

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