强调句

强调句
强调句

强调句

一、强调句句型

1.陈述句的强调句型:Itis/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。

Itwasonthepartythathemetoneofhisoldfriends.

2.一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/was提到it前面。

Was it on the party that heme tone of his old friends?

3.特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who +其他部分?

When and where was it that you were born? Imetthefilmstar—JackieChanatBeijingAirportyesterday.

强调主语:It was I(that/who)met the film star—JackieChanatBeijingAirportyesterday.

强调宾语:Itwasthefilmstar—JackieChanthat/whoImetatBeijingAirportyesterday.

强调地点状语:ItwasatBeijingAirportthatImetthefilmstar—JackieChanyesterday.

强调时间状语:ItwasyesterdaythatImetthefilmstar—JackieChanatBeijingAirport.

注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that和who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that和who不可省略;强调句中的时态通常用两种:一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用Itwas...,其余的时态用Itis...

二、not...until...句型的强调句

1.句型为:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分ItwasnotuntilthelastoperationwasfinishedthatBethuneleftthebattlehospital.

注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till和until可通用。因为句型中Itis/wasnot...已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句。

三、谓语动词的强调

1.Itis/was...that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did。Dositdown.

Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.

Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.

注意:此种强调只用do/does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。省略句

为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况:

一、简单句中的省略

1.省略主语:祈使句中主语通常省略。其他省略主语的用法多限于少数现成的说法。(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.

(I)Seeyoutomorrow.

(It)Doesn'tmatter.

2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

(Thereis)Nosmoking.

(Isthere)Anythingwrong?

Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?

3.不定式的省略

(1)使役动词let,make,have及感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to,但在被动句时应加上to。

Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.

Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.

2)mean,try,want,afford,decide,refuse,wish,like,need,wouldlike,wouldlove...等后面接不定式作宾语时,省略作宾语的不定式。只保留不定式符号to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态的不定式时,则需在to后加上be或have。

—Areyougoingthere?

—Yes,I'dliketo(gothere).

—Areyouanengineer?

—No,butIwanttobe(anengineer).

3)tell,warn,order,advise,ask,expect等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。Thestudentswanttoenterthelab,butthemonitoradvisesthemnotto(enterthelab).

4)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and/or连接时,第1个不定式带to,后面的不定式可省去to。但如表示对比(照)等,则不省略to。Herjobistotakecareofthechildrenand(to)washclothes.It'sbettertolaughthantocry.

5)主(宾)语补足语中的tobe往往省略。

Hewasthought(tobe)thecleverestboyinthegroup.

6)特殊结构中的省略

wouldsooner,hadbetter,donothingbut,havenothingtodobut,there'snothingtodobut,can'thelpbut,rather than等后的不定式的符号to常省略。

Hewouldsoonerdiethansurrender.

I'dratherlookafterthebabythanwashdishes.

7)主语部分有一个表“做”的do的各种形式时,表语不定式常省略“to”。WhatIreallywanttodois(to)gotothecinema.

4.省略表语

—Are you thirsty?

—Yes,Iam(thirsty).

5.同时省略几个成分

Let'smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.

—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?

—(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.

二、并列句中的省略

两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.

Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.

三、主从复合句中的省略

1.主句中有一些成分被省略。

(I'm)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.

(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.

2.从句的省略

(1)宾语从句

以which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句在其谓语与主句谓语相同时,可省略全部谓语,甚至主语也省略,仅保留一个wh-词。

ShewillgotoBeijing,butIdon'tknowwhen(shewillgotoBeijing.)

(2)状语从句

在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果主语与主句主语一致,或者主语是it,那么动词be及其主语通常可省略。常见的有以下几种:

时间状语从句:Becarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.

条件状语从句:Hewon'tgotothepartyunless(heis)invited.

比较状语从句:Countrymusictodayremainsmuchthesameas(itwas)before.

让步状语从句:Whether(itis)rightorwrong,hisopinionshouldbepaidattentionto.

注意:though和as引导让步状语从句时,通常从句要倒装。从句倒装时,如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,将名词提前时,名词前面的冠词a/an须省略。

Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.=Thoughheisachild,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.

注意:有些由if构成的省略结构,已属固定短语,如ifany,ifnecessary,ifpossible,ifnot,ifso等。Ifnecessary,ringmeathome.

—Hemaybebusy.

—Ifso,I'llcalllater.Ifnot,canIseehimnow?

(3)修饰名词way的限制性定语从句常省略inwhich或that。Isthiswayyoutalktoyourparents?

(4)强调句Itis/was...that...,当强调疑问句时,that常可省略。

Whywasit(that)youweretenminuteslate?

用so或not时切不可用it或that代替。

—Ishecomingbacktonight?

—Ithinkso.

—Ishefeelingbettertoday?

—I'mafraidnot.

这种用法常见的有:Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isupposenot.Ibelievednot.Ihopenot等。(但Idon'tthinkso比Ithinknot更常用)。

四、连词that的省略

1.宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略的情况(参看“名词性从句”等有关部分)。2.在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略。

3.引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。

在近五年的高考试卷中强调句、省略句已经成为高考热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查,同时注重考查知识之间的交叉。这就要求学生在复习和备考中注意总结,全面把握,深入研究。

具体把握强调句以下四大考点:

1.考查强调句式的基本结构

2.考查含有“not...until...”句型的强调句式

3.考查强调句式的疑问句

4.考查强调句式的正确判断

省略是高考英语考试大纲要求掌握的语法项目之一,虽然不是每年必考项目,但不少省份有所涉及。从命题的趋势来看,更侧重考查省略在交际中的功能,考查语法知识间的交叉使用。高考真题探究(2006—2011年)

【2011四川卷15】Wasitonalonelyisland______hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown? A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

【答案】B

【考点】考查强调句。

【解析】此处强调的是句子的地点状语onalonelyisland,是强调句的一般疑问句句型:Wasit+被强调部分+that+句子?句意:“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的?”【2011陕西卷23】Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo______benefitsourworkmost.

A.who

B.which

C.that

D.what

【答案】C

【考点】考查强调句。

【解析】强调句型:Itis/was+被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。答案选择C。

【2011重庆卷32】—HaveyouseemthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?

—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillage_______itwasmade.

A.that

B.where

C.when

D.which

【答案】A

【考点】考查强调句。

【解析】问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影,答话人回答说当然看过,这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句,被强调的部分是地点状语inourvillage。强调状语inourvillage。

【2011湖南卷35】It’snotwhatwedoonceinawhile______shapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently A.whichB.thatC.howD.when

【答案】B

【考点】本题考察强调句型。

【解析】本题考察强调句型。强调主语。故选B。句子意思:决定我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。

【2011江苏卷33】Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine._______,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.

A.Otherwise

B.Ifnot

C.Butforthat

D.Ifso

【答案】D

【考点】考查省略和替代。

【解析】句意:听起来车的发动机好像有问题,如果那样的话,我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则,要不然;ifnot要不,不然;butforthat 若不是因为那件事;ifso若是这样。

〖10安徽〗Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage_______thehostesscookedsuchanicedinne r.

A.where

B.that

C.when

D.which

〖答案〗B

〖考点〗本题考查强调句型。

〖解析〗迷惑点在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句thatshehadboughtinthevillage。

〖10湖南〗John’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardworkhasmadehimwhatheistoday.

A.why

B.when

C.which

D.that

〖答案〗D

〖考点〗考查强调句型。

〖解析〗题干为强调句型,被强调部分为yearsofhardwork,故选D项。

〖10浙江〗Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,ifregularly,canimproveourhealth.

A.beingcarriedout

B.carryingout

C.carriedout

D.tocarryout

〖答案〗C

〖考点〗本题考查if条件句中的省略情况。

〖解析〗本句的句子的主语是theexperiment;谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干事:properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if_____regularly是插入的条件从句,从句的主语是properamountsofexercise,此时应用it代替前面提到的主语,条件句的主语与主句的主语一致,并且含有is,故省略了itis,完整形式是:ifitiscarriedout。句意为:这项实验表明,适当的运动,如果有规律的进行,能够有助于我们的身体健康。

〖09湖南〗Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnotfromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.

A.beingtired

B.tiring

C.tired

D.tobetired

〖答案〗C

〖考点〗省略句式。

〖解析〗在if引导的条件状语从句中,从句中还原应为ifamnottiredfromwork,根据省略的原则,所以答案选C。

〖09江西〗Itwas_____hecamebackfromAfricathatwear_________hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.

A.when;then

B.not;until

C.notuntil;that

D.only;when

〖答案〗C

〖考点〗强调句型。

〖解析〗根据Itis……that结构可知。

〖09江西〗Someofyoumayhavefinishedunitone._____,youcangoontounittwo.

A.Ifyoumay

B.Ifyoudo

C.Ifnot

D.Ifso

〖答案〗D

〖考点〗省略句的用法。

〖解析〗Ifso=Ifyouhavedonethat/so你们中的一些人可能已经完成第一单元,如果是这样的话,你们可以继续第二单元。

〖08全国Ⅱ〗ItwasinNewZealandElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.

A.that

B.how

C.which

D.when

〖答案〗A

〖考点〗此题考查强调句

〖解析〗句意为:正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。It+be+被强调成分+that 句型为强调句。

〖08天津〗ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.

A.how

B.which

C.that

D.where

〖答案〗C

〖考点〗此题考查强调句

〖解析〗此处构成Itwas…that…强调句式,句中强调了介词短语alongtheMississippiRiver。〖08重庆〗Itwasnotuntilmidnighttheyreachedthecampsite.

A.that

B.when

C.while

D.as

〖答案〗A

〖考点〗考查强调句。

〖解析〗从notuntil在itwas后可以判断这是一个强调含有notuntil的句子,强调句型中只能用that。

〖08福建〗—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?

—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder.

A.astold

B.asaretold

C.astelling

D.astheytold

〖答案〗A

〖考点〗此题考查状语从句的省略

〖解析〗astold=astheyweretold,此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致,且谓语动词含有be时,将从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系,排除C、D。

〖07全国Ⅰ〗Weallknowthat, ,thesituationwillgetworse.

A.notifdealtcarefullywith

B.ifnotcarefullydealtwith

C.ifdealtnotcarefullywith

D.notifcarefullydealtwith

〖答案〗B

〖考点〗此题考查省略句式

〖解析〗that后跟宾语从句,宾语从句中含有一个主从句,if从句使用了省略句式,完整的形式应为ifitisnotcarefullydealtwith,it指代主句中的situation。

〖07安徽〗Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthan .

A.thatusedtobe

B.itisusedto

C.itwasusedto

D.itusedtobe

〖答案〗D

〖考点〗不定式的省略。

〖解析〗表示“过去常常……”用usedtodo……,并且本题中动词原形be不能省略。

〖07重庆〗Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright isofimportance.

A.which

B.it

C.that

D.this

〖答案〗C

〖考点〗此题考查强调句型

〖解析〗本句为Itis...that...强调句型。

〖06全国Ⅱ〗Itwasnotuntilshegothome Jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.

A.when

B.that

C.where

D.before

〖答案〗B

〖考点〗本题考查强调句。

〖解析〗强调句的基本结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...”。本题强调时间状语从句,用that。

〖06辽宁〗Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.

A.that

B.when

C.since

D.as

〖答案〗A

〖考点〗此题考查强调句。

〖解析〗该句为强调句,强调句子的时间状语afterhegotwhathehaddesired。强调句的结构是Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余成分。

〖06山东〗Ijustwonder thatmakeshimsoexcited.

A.whyitdoes

B.whathedoes

C.howitis

D.whatitis

〖答案〗D

〖考点〗本题考查强调句。

〖解析〗本题题干相当于Ijustwonderwhatmakeshimsoexcited.的意义,所以该题实际上为强调句型的特殊疑问句式,what为宾语从句的连接词且在从句中作主语。

模拟试题探究

1.(2010湖南湘潭期末联考)—Ihopehewon'tgetillduringtheexaminations.

—________.Hehasbeenverywellrecently.

A.CertainlyB.NoC.NotD.Yes

【答案与解析】B本题中的否定回答用no,而不是not,此题回答是省略的,完整形式为“No,hewon't.”

2.(2010湖南雅礼中学月考)Heisonlytooreadytohelpothers,seldom,________,refusingthemwhentheyturntohim.

A.ifneverB.ifeverC.ifnotD.ifany

【答案与解析】B此处seldom,ifever是ifthereisever的省略形式,thereisever“如果有也是少见的;几乎从来不”。

3.(2010湖南师大附中月考)—Mum,IamafraidIwon'tdowellinthecomingtest.

—Honey,________morecareful,________youwillmakeit.

A.is;soB.be;and

C.be;thenD.being;and

【答案与解析】B祈使句用动词原形开头,祈使句+and+简单句相当于由if引导的主从复合句。

4.(2010河北唐山模拟)Wasitnearthewhitebuilding,ifImayask,________MartinLutherKinggaveaspeech “Ihaveadream”?

A.whereB.thatC.whyD.inwhich

【答案与解析】B题意:如果我们问的话,是不是在那座白色的楼房附近马丁?路德?金作了“我有一个梦想”的演说呢?ifImayask是插入语,此句考查强调句型的一般疑问句形式:Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that+原句剩余部分。

5.(2010银川市期末联考)Ijustdon'tunderstand________thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexp ect.

A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoes

C.whatitisD.whyitis

【答案与解析】C本题是宾语从句中的强调句的使用。可以将原句恢复“ItiswhatthatpreventssomanyAmericans...”但是英语中疑问代词或副词须放句首。6.(2010湖南雅礼中学月考)________findmywallet,Tom? A.WheredidyouthatB.Wherewasityou

C.WherehaveyouD.Wherewasitthatyou

【答案与解析】D考查强调句,强调地点状语。故选D项。

7.(2010安徽期末联考)—______theaccidenthappened?

—It'ssaidtohappenonhiswaytowork.

A.Doyouknowitiswherethat

B.Whereisitthatdoyouknow

C.Doyouknowwhereitisthat

D.Wheredoyouknowitisthat

【答案与解析】D考查强调句型。题意:“你知道这事故是在哪发生的吗?”“据说是在他上班的路上。”

8.(2008山东青岛模拟)Ican'trememberhowmanydaysago________afightbrokeoutbetweenthehusbandandthewife.

A.whichB.whyC.thatD.where

【答案与解析】C题意:我不记得在多少天前这对夫妇曾经吵过一架。

9.(2010山东沂南一中高

三)Howlongdoyouthink________thecomputercompanybringsoutanewproduct? A.itwillbebeforeB.willitbeuntil

C.willitbewhenD.itwillbethat

【答案与解析】A本题考查一个固定结构Itwillbe+一段时间+before...,意为“要过(多久)才”,本句实际上是对其时间的提问,所以只有选A项。

10.(2010苏北四市二模)Readthepassageandcorrectthemistakes,________. A.ifnotB.ifanyC.ifeverD.ifnever

【答案与解析】B ifany是ifthereareanymistakes的省略句结构。

11.(2010河南实验中学一模)—HaveyouseenRoserecently?

—No.It'sfiveyears________Imether.

A.sinceB.afterC.whenD.before

【答案与解析】A考查句型“Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+从句”结构。

12.I don't think there will be more than 40 students left in the class,________,because the environment is not fi tfor studying.

A.if any B.if possible C.if ever D.if so

【答案与解析】A考查省略的结构。ifany“如果有一些”;ifpossible“如果可能”;ifever “如果曾经”;ifso“如果那样”。题意:我认为即使这个班还有学生的话也不会超过四十个,因为这儿的环境不适合学习。

13.(2009威海高三质检)I'msureyou'drathershewenttoschoolbybus,________?

A.hadn'tyouB.wouldn'tyou

C.aren'tID.didn'tshe

【答案与解析】B考查反意疑问句。在反意疑问句中,如果主句的谓语动词是think,suppose,believe,imagine,besure等,且主语为第一人称,简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应,而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。

14.(2009大连、哈尔滨联考)—WhatshouldIdowiththispassage?

—________themainideaofeachparagraph.

A.FindingoutB.Foundout

C.FindoutD.Tofindout

【答案与解析】C考查在具体语境中的省略,第2句补充完整应为“Youshouldfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph”。

15.(2009泰安高三联考)—________thathemanagedtogettheinformation?

—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.

A.Wherewasit

B.Whatwasit

C.Howwasit

D.Whywasit

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(强调主语) 玛丽昨天在路上遇到一个乞丐。 It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语) 正是昨天玛丽在路上遇到一个乞丐。 It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语) 昨天正是在路上玛丽遇到一个乞丐。 It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语) 注意:有时,be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如:It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。 ③时态 如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等),用It is...that...如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等),则用It was...that...

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