分离苯甲苯混合液筛板精馏塔-设计

武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院课程设计说明书

论文题目：分离苯-甲苯混合液筛板精馏塔设计

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2016 年4 月8 日

目录

摘要........................................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... II 第一章文献综述 (1)

1.1苯-甲苯物性 (1)

1.2塔设备概述 (1)

1.3设计方案的原则 (6)

1.4精馏塔设计任务 (7)

1.5精馏塔设计方案的选定 (7)

第二章精馏塔设计计算 (8)

2.1精馏塔的物料衡算 (8)

2.2塔板数的确定 (8)

2.3精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据的计算 (11)

2.4精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算 (16)

2.5塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算 (19)

第三章塔的流体力学校验 (24)

3.1校核 (24)

3.2负荷性能图计算 (27)

第四章塔附属设备选型及计算 (38)

4.1再沸器（蒸馏釜） (38)

4.2塔顶回流冷凝器 (38)

4.3进料管管径 (38)

4.4回流管管径 (38)

4.5塔顶蒸汽接管管径 (39)

4.6法兰 (39)

4.7人孔 (39)

4.8塔体总高度 (39)

符号说明 (42)

精馏塔工艺设计结果 (44)

设计总结 (46)

参考文献 (47)

武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院课程设计说明书

摘要

课程设计是化工原理课程的一个重要的实践教学内容，是在学习过基础课程和化工原理理论与实践后，进一步学习化工设计的基础知识、培养化工设计能力的重要环节。通过该设计可初步掌握化工单元操作设计的基本程序和方法、得到化工设计能力的基本锻炼，更能从实践中培养工程意识、健全合理的知识结构。课程设计是让同学们理论联系实践的重要教学环节，是对我们进行的一次综合性的一次综合性设计训练。通过课程设计能使进一步巩固和加强所学的专业理论知识，还能培养我们独立分析和解决实际问题的能力。特别是作为一名工科学生，还应该具备解决实际生产问题的能力。课程设计是一次让我们接触实际生产的良好机会，我们应充分利用这样的时机认真对待每一任务，为毕业论文奠定基础。

该次设计是分离（61%）-甲苯二元混合液的板式精馏塔的设计，原料液处理量为110000t/a，精馏塔塔顶馏出液中苯浓度不小于98%，釜液中苯浓度不大于2%。本设计中塔板类型选择筛板塔，操作回流比取最小回流比的2倍，图解理论板为12块（包括再沸器），全塔效率为0.485，实际塔板数为21块，自塔顶向下第12块板为进料板，塔径为2.4m，塔高为17m。根据绘制的塔负荷性能图可知，精馏塔不存在液泛和漏液现象，设计符合要求。此外，对塔内部结构、主要管道以及冷凝器和再沸器等附属设备做了简单设计。最后，绘制了带控制点的精馏过程工艺流程图和精馏塔的装配图。

关键词：苯-甲苯；精馏；分离；筛板塔

武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院课程设计说明书

Abstract

Curriculum design is one of the important principles of chemical engineering co urse in the practice teaching content, is a basic course in the learning and the principl es of chemical engineering theory and practice, further study the basic knowledge of chemical engineering design, cultivate an important link in chemical engineering des ign ability. Through the design can be preliminary master basic procedures and meth ods of chemical unit operation design, get basic chemical design ability exercise, mo re can from practice to cultivate engineering consciousness and improve the reasona ble knowledge structure. Course is designed to let students important teaching link th eory with practice, is one of our comprehensive training of a comprehensive design. Learned through the curriculum design can make the further consolidate and strength en the professional theory knowledge, can cultivate our ability of independent analys is and solving practical problems. In particular, as an engineering student, also shoul d have the ability to solve practical production problems. Curriculum design is a goo d chance of actual production, let us contact we should make full use of the time eac h task seriously, lay a foundation for my thesis.

A sieve-plate distillation tower has been designed for the separation of 130000t/a benzene(57%)-toluene mixture.The benzene concentration of the distillate was at least 98%,and the benzene concentration of the residue was no greater than 2%.The operation reflux ratio was selected for 2 times of the minimum reflux ratio,and the theoretical plate number was 12(including reboiler) according to the whole tower efficiency(0.485),and the 12th plate from the top down was the feed plate.Moreover,the tower diameter and the tower height were 2.4m and 17m,respectively.There was no flooding distillation and leakage phenomenon in the light of the tower load characteristic chart.Therefore,this design was met to the requirements.In addition,the internal structure of the distillation tower,the main pipelines and the main ancillary equipment have been also designed in this work.Finally,a distillation process flow chart with control points and the distillation tower assembling drawing have been drawn on the basis of the above design results.