马克思发生器

马克思发电机

A Marx Generator is a clever way of charging a number of capacitors in parallel, then discharging them in series. 一个马克思发电机是一个聪明的办法收取一定数量的电容放电平行,接着在系列。Originally described by E. Marx in 1924, Marx generators are probably the most common way of generating high voltage impulses for testing when the voltage level required is higher than available charging supply voltages. 原来被大肠马克思在1924年,马克思发电机可能是最常见的发电方式测试高压脉冲电压水平时,需要的是更高的比现有收费供应电压。Furthermore, above about 200 kV, the discharge capacitor becomes very expensive and bulky. 此外,超过200千伏,他因这漏症电容器变得非常昂贵,而且笨重。The这Fitch菲奇circuit is becoming popular where very good control over impulse voltage is required.电路在日趋普遍很好的控制冲击电压是必需的。

How it works它是如何工作的

The charging voltage is applied to the system. 充电电压到系统。The stage capacitors charge through the charging resistors (Rc). 舞台一阵穿过电容器充电电阻器(Rc)。When fully charged, either the lowest gap is allowed to breakdown from overvoltage or it is triggered by an external source (if the gap spacing is set greater than the charging voltage breakdown spacing). 在完全充电时,或最低差距允许从过电压或是破裂是由于某种外部来源(如果电极间距设置比充电电压故障间隔)。This effectively puts the bottom two capacitors in series, overvoltaging the next gap up, which then puts the bottom three capacitors in series, which overvoltages the next gap, and so forth. 这就有效地把下面的两个电容串联,overvoltaging接下来的差距,提出了确保钽电容倒数第三,overvoltages系列,接下来的差距,等等。This process is referred to as "erecting". A common specification is the erected capacitance of the bank, equal to the stage capacitance divided

by the number of stages.这个过程被称为“设置”。一种常见的规格笔直银行电容,等于阶段电容除以中标数之阶段。

The charging resistors are chosen to provide a typical charging time constant of several seconds. 充电电阻器是选择提供了一个典型的充电的时间常数数秒。A typical charging current would be in the 50-100 mA range. 一个典型的外加电流可能会在50到100马范围。The charging resistors also provide a current path to keep the arc in the spark gaps alive, and so, should be chosen to provide a current of 5-10 amps through the gap. 充电电阻也提供一种电流路径,使弧火花间隙活着,所以,要选择提供的电流安培的电流通过5 - 10的空白。The resistors are sometimes called "feed forward" resistors for this reason. 电阻器经过有时被称为“喂前进”电阻这个原因。The discharge through the charging resistors sets an upper bound on the impulse fall time, although usually, the impulse fall time is set by external resistors in parallel with the load (or integrated into the generator, as described below).通过收费排放设定一个电阻上绑在脉冲秋天时间,但是通常,脉冲秋天时间是由外部电阻并联负荷(或融入发电机,如下所述)。

For example, with a stage voltage of 100 kV, a desired output voltage of 1 MV (i.e. 10 stages), the charging resistors should be about 20-40 kOhms (corresponding to an arc current of 5 to 10 Amps). 例如,在一个舞台电压100千伏和所需的输出电压(如下。10个1 MV,收费阶段应该会在大约20 - 40 kOhms电阻(对应于圆弧5到10安培的电流)。If the capacitors were 1 uF, then the discharge time constant would be 20 milliseconds, much, much longer than the 50 microsecond time constant of the standard test impulse. 如果电容器1超滤、然后放电状态时间不断将20毫秒自转一周,多,多,超过了50微秒级时间常数的标准测试的冲动。This example generator would have a stored energy of 5 kJ/stage or 50 kJ for the total system. 这个例子发电机会有一个存储能量5 kJ、舞台或50 kJ总系统。At a charging current of 50 mA, it would take at least 20 seconds to charge the entire stack.在外加电流50马,将需要至少20秒负责整个叠加。

If a constant voltage charging source is used, significant energy is dissipated in the charging resistors, equal to the stored energy in the capacitors.如果一个恒压充电电源使用,显著的能量是由在充电电阻,等于存储能量在电容器。

Design enhancements and considerations设计改进和考虑

Charging with a constant current source以不变的充电电流源来进行

If the Marx generator is charged from a constant voltage source, the energy dissipated in the charging resistors will be equal to that stored in the