管理会计(英文版)课后习题答案(高等教育出版社)chapter 17

管理会计（高等教育出版社）

于增彪（清华大学）改编

余绪缨（厦门大学）审校

CHAPTER 17 TACTICAL DECISION MAKING QUESTIONS FOR WRITING AND DISCUSSION

1. A tactical decision is short-run in nature; it

involves choosing among alternatives with an immediate or limited end in view. A stra-tegic decision involves selecting strategies that yield a long-term competitive advantage.

2.Depreciation is an allocation of a sunk cost.

This cost is a past cost and will never differ across alternatives.

3.The salary of a supervisor in an accept or

reject decision is an example of an irrelevant future cost.

4.If one alternative is to be judged superior to

another alternative on the basis of cash-flow comparisons, then cash flows must be ex-pressed as an annual amount (or periodic amount); otherwise, consideration must be given to the time value of the nonperiodic cash flows.

5.Disagree. Qualitative factors also have an

important bearing on the decision and may, at times, overrule the quantitative evidence from a relevant costing analysis.

6.The purchase of equipment needed to pro-

duce a special order is an example of a fixed cost that is relevant.

7.Relevant costs are those costs that differ

across alternatives. Differential costs are the differences between the costs of two alterna-tives.

8.Depreciation is a relevant cost whenever it is

a future cost that differs across alternatives.

Thus, it must involve a capital asset not yet

acquired.

9.Past costs can be used as information to

help predict future costs.

10.Yes. Suppose, for example, that sufficient

materials are on hand for producing a part

for two years. After two years, the part will be

replaced by a newly engineered part. If there

is no alternative use of the materials, then

the cost of the materials is a sunk cost and

not relevant in a make-or-buy decision.

plementary effects may make it more

expensive to drop a product.

12. A manager can identify alternatives by using

his or her own knowledge and experience

and by obtaining input from others who are

familiar with the problem.

13.No. Joint costs are irrelevant. They occur

regardless of whether the product is sold at

the split-off point or processed further.

14.Yes. The incremental revenue is $1,400, and

the incremental cost is only $1,000, creating

a net benefit of $400.

15.Regardless of how many units are produced,

fixed costs remain the same. Thus, fixed

costs do not change as product mix

changes.

16.No. If a scarce resource is used in producing

the two products, then the product providing

the greatest contribution per unit of scarce

resource should be selected. For more than

one scarce resource, linear programming

may be used to select the optimal mix.

17.If a firm is operating below capacity, then a

price that is above variable costs will in-

crease profits.

18.Different prices can be quoted to customers

in markets not normally served, to noncom-

peting customers, and in a competitive bid-

ding setting.

19.Linear programming is used to select the

optimal product mix whenever there are mul-

tiple constrained scarce resources.

20.An objective function is the function that is to

be maximized (or minimized) subject to a set

of constraints. A constraint is simply a func-

tion that restricts the possible values of va-

riables appearing in the objective function.

Usually, a constraint is concerned with a

scarce resource. A constraint set is the col-

lection of all constraints for a given problem.