托福TPO经典加试题总汇下载

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托福培训考试题库及答案

托福培训考试题库及答案托福（Test of English as a Foreign Language，简称TOEFL）是一项测试非英语母语者英语能力的标准化考试，广泛用于申请英语国家的大学和专业机构。

以下是一些托福培训考试题库及答案，供考生练习使用：听力部分1. 听一段关于生物学讲座的录音，然后回答以下问题：- 讲座的主题是什么？- 教授提到了哪些关键的生物学概念？- 学生在讲座中提出了哪些问题？答案：- 讲座的主题是细胞分裂的过程。

- 教授提到了有丝分裂和减数分裂两个关键概念。

- 学生询问了细胞周期的不同阶段及其功能。

2. 听一段校园广播，然后回答以下问题：- 广播中提到了哪些校园活动？- 活动的时间和地点是什么？- 广播中是否提到了参与活动的要求？答案：- 广播中提到了国际文化节和环保讲座。

- 国际文化节将在下周六在学生中心举行，环保讲座将在下周三在图书馆报告厅举行。

- 广播中提到参与国际文化节需要提前注册，环保讲座则无需注册。

阅读部分1. 阅读一篇关于气候变化的文章，然后回答以下问题：- 文章的主要论点是什么？- 作者提供了哪些证据来支持其观点？- 文章提出了哪些解决方案？答案：- 文章的主要论点是气候变化对全球环境和经济的严重影响。

- 作者提供了科学研究数据、历史气候记录和专家意见作为证据。

- 文章提出了减少温室气体排放、发展可再生能源和国际合作等解决方案。

2. 阅读一篇关于历史事件的短文，然后回答以下问题：- 短文描述了哪个历史事件？- 事件的主要原因和结果是什么？- 作者对事件的评价是什么？答案：- 短文描述了法国大革命。

- 事件的主要原因是社会不平等和经济危机，结果是推翻了君主制并建立了共和国。

- 作者认为法国大革命是一次重要的社会和政治变革，但同时也指出了其带来的暴力和混乱。

口语部分1. 描述你最喜欢的季节，并解释为什么。

- 我最喜欢的季节是秋天。

秋天的天气凉爽宜人，树叶的颜色变化丰富多彩，给人一种宁静和收获的感觉。

托福经典加试题

注：从09年的情况来看，阅读部分重复的加试题目很多都是鸟鸣和电报这两个，听力部分则基本是下列部分。

但是，加试有时候也会是非经典加试（这个就看rp了）。

附：ETS出加试题的真正目的（虽然这是08年的一片文章，但是我想对于忽略加试题的同学们还是有参考价值的）据熟人线报，其实ETS出加试题的真正目的并非是为了以后的试题来做难度测试（这就是为什么加试题基本不变和加试题从未出现被运用于正式考试，最后出现了T友所谓的经典加试的原因）而是为了测试此次考生的平均水平的参照物，从而测试当天考试正题的难度，由此决定这次考试所谓的加权平均值。

首先，ETS会找到他们所认为的全球考生平均水平（例如做加试题平均水平应为20分）在随后的一次阅读考试中，如果大家的正题平均分是20分，而阅读加试部分也做的是20分，那么ETS认为此次阅读难度适中，不必加权平均。

如果正题20分，加试10分，ETS则认为是这次考生水平普遍较低，考试难度偏小，所以会相应减少每个人的阅读得分。

反之，如果正题10分，加试25分，那么ETS就认为在考生水平那么高的情况下阅读平均分还那么低，一定是因为题目难度偏大,所以会给每个考生平均加上几分。

这也是为什么托福考生普遍反映难度不太稳定，分数却较为稳定的原因（惨案除外）。

这同时也就是ETS所谓的“在考生水平有波动的情况下，我们依然能给以每个考生最公平的分数“的原因。

所以请大家以后都认真对待加试题吧,因为加试题分数的高低可能直接影响了你和所有广大T友的最终成绩，希望所有的T友能万众一心。

听力经典加试题目第一篇：关于bird migration的term paperLong conversation: Student having difficulties in writing term paper男student: Professor, I hope to discuss my term paper with you. I got stuck in writing the paper on bird migration. I have difficulties in finding enough materials about bird migration. (老师，今儿，我想跟你说说我的学期论文的事儿。

托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)

托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three：Reading ComprehensionEarly Theories of Continental DriftP1: The idea that the geography of Earth was different in the past than it is today is not new. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912, other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. But because much of the early support for mobilism was based on far-flung intercontinental similarities, geologists tended to be skeptical of the fieldwork of others.P2: During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess proposed the name “Gondwanaland”in his book The Face of the Earth (1885) and gave far greater emphasis to the evolutionary nature of the earth and he noted the similarities among the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Based upon glossopteris fern fossils in such regions, he explained that the three land masses were once connected in a supercontinent which he names Gondwanaland, and that the ocean flooded the spaces currently between those lands. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by postulating the concept of a land bridge that existed once but subsided later.P3: Later, a number of refinements to Suess’s theory were made. The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his concept of “horizontal displacement”. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. With the earth’s capture of the moon, the gravitational forces between them generated a pull towards lower latitudes where they thickened and formed folded mountain belts especially in middle latitudes. Although we now know that Taylor’s explanation of continental drift is erroneous, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain range discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present-day Atlantic Ocean.P4: However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener theorized that a single supercontinent he called “Pangaea”existed sometime between 350 million to 225 million years ago. Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that there is geographical similarity along both the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The opposing coasts of the Atlantic can be fitted together in the same way as two cut off pieces of wood can be refitted. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem tomatch up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. Finally, many of the same fossils and vegetative remains are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. During his days, Wegener was regarded as an advocate rather than as an impartial scientific observer, appearing to ignore vast evidence unfavorable to his ideas and distort other evidence to bring it into harmony with the theory.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea. He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus”occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.P6 :The debate over continental drift has the same role and stature in the history of the earth sciences as the debate over Darwinian evolution in the history of life sciences and the debates over relativity and quantum theory in the history of physics. In the largest sense, the history of earth science, the history of biology, and the history of physics in the 20th century are all histories of the consolidation of opinion and the formation of broad consensus—that these theories were the best way to organize and advance these sciences.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea.■He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa.■Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. ■Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.1．According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due toA．living in the southern climateB．crossing the land bridgesC．fossilization in the coal layersD．movements of the supercontinent正确答案：B解析：【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么，文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了，答案是B。

TOEFL托福阅读真题整合

TOEFL托福阅读真题整合托福阅读真题1__ 31Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level.In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.(B) Causes and effects of rent control(C) The fluctuations of rental prices(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.2. The word They in line 9 refers to(A) the tenants(B) their leases(C) places(D) rent controls.3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica,California?(A) rapid population growth(B) inflation(C) economic conditions during wartime(D) record-high housing prices4. The phrase roll back in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) credit(B) measure(C) vary(D) reduce5. The word stimulating in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) experimenting with(B) identifying(C) estimating(D) encouraging6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to(A) protect tenants(B) promote construction(C) increase vacancy rates(D) decrease sales of rental units7. The word depressed in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) saddened(B) created(C) lowered(D) defeated8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.9. According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?(A) Santa Monica(B) Dallas(C) San Francisco(D) New York City10. The word stringent in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) straightforward(B) strict(C) expanded(D) efficient11. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?(A) Luxury apartments(B) Commercial development(C) Moderately priced apartments(D) Office space.__ 31 BDCDD ACBBB C托福阅读真题232By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors andimmigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: limner was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's; painter characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens andHamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste — a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) European influence on colonial American painting(B) The importance of patronage to artist(C) The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in theeighteenth century.2. The word outbreak in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) beginning(C) position(D) explanation3. The word undergone in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) led to(B) transformed(C) preferred(D) experienced4. According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to(A) paint wheel carriages(B) paint portraits(C) varnish furniture(D) paint flat surfaces5. I t can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England(A) considered artists to be superior to painters(B) barely painted portraitists(C) were often very wealthy(D) imitated English painters6. The word consorted in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) made decisions(B) studies(C) agreed(D) associated7. The word sufficient in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) adequate(B) temporary(C) friendly(D) expensive8. According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which ofthe following?(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art(C) Artists who gave financial support to other artists(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.(C) The value of colonial American paintings decreased after the Revolution.(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.__ 32 CBDBA DACBD托福阅读真题3__ 33Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing auniversity to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember.On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long- range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding(C) insightful(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 bymeans of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds atonce (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word it in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to。

托福英语试题题库及答案

托福英语试题题库及答案1. 阅读部分：阅读以下段落，并回答相关问题。

In the early 20th century, the industrial revolution brought about significant changes in the way people worked and lived. Factories became the new centers of economic activity, and cities grew rapidly as people moved from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment opportunities.问题1：工业革命发生在哪个世纪？答案：20世纪。

问题2：工业革命对人们的工作方式和居住方式产生了怎样的影响？答案：工业革命使得工厂成为新的经济活动中心，人们为了寻找就业机会从农村地区迁移到城市中心，导致城市迅速扩张。

2. 听力部分：听以下对话，并回答相关问题。

Speaker 1: I'm really looking forward to the weekend. I've planned a hiking trip to the mountains.Speaker 2: That sounds like a great idea. I've been feeling a bit stressed lately, and I think getting out in nature woulddo me good.问题1：Speaker 1计划在周末做什么？答案：去山里徒步旅行。

问题2：Speaker 2为什么认为去徒步旅行是个好主意？答案：因为最近感到有些压力，认为在大自然中走走会对自己有好处。

3. 口语部分：描述你最喜欢的一种户外活动，并解释为什么喜欢它。

托福经典听力加试

托福加试题一: 神经元细胞lecture神经胶质细胞研究。

教授说早期对人类大脑的研究集中在神经细胞neuron，让一男生起来回答上节课的主要内容，男生说生物电生物电bioelectricity 通过神经细胞传导，通过两个神经细胞的接触点传到下一个细胞，有趣的是。

说到这里被教授打断，说他答得已经很完整了（有题，问教授打断他的用意）。

神经胶质细胞glial cells的作用在早期被忽视了，人们认为胶质细胞只有支持神经细胞的作用。

后来人们发现胶质细胞也有传导信息的作用，不是通过生物电，而是化学物质传导。

于是总共有三种传导方式，神经细胞间，胶质细胞间，神经和胶质细胞互相传导。

而且发现胶质细胞的数量及其巨大，远多于神经细胞。

同时还可能有修复神经细胞，决定哪些神经长的大［记得可能不准］。

教授又说，胶质细胞可能与智力有关，越多智商越高，但这不确定。

教授说对胶质细胞的研究是一个很open up的领域，建议学生们可以考虑毕业后作深入研究（有题）。

重要：biology 讲glial cell。

以往人们对神经传导的研究仅限于neuron（神经元），也叫nerve cell。

神经传导通过electrical communication从一个结点传到另一个结点，神经元被认为起主要作用，glial cell 研究的很少，一直被忽略，被看作help the growth of neurons (出题)，起辅助作用。

后来偶然发现大脑中glial cell比neuron的数目多很多，glial cell引起了科学家的重视，开始研究它究竟起什么作用（此处出题，问glial cell怎么引起科学家注意的）。

后来有一重大突破，发现glial cell传导信号不是用的electrical signal，而是用chemical conductor（一说chemical communication）（此处出题）。

传统观点一直误以为glial cell也像nerve cell一样用电信号。

托福加场试题及答案

托福加场试题及答案1. 阅读部分A. 文章摘要在阅读部分，考生需要阅读一篇关于海洋生物多样性的科学文章，并回答相关问题。

B. 问题及答案1. 文章主要讨论了什么？A. 海洋生物多样性的减少B. 海洋生物多样性的增加C. 海洋生物多样性的稳定性D. 海洋生物多样性的分布答案：A2. 作者提到了哪种海洋生物？A. 海豚B. 鲸鱼C. 海龟D. 珊瑚答案：D2. 听力部分A. 听力材料概述听力材料包括一段关于城市交通问题的讨论。

B. 问题及答案1. 讨论中提到了哪些交通问题？A. 交通拥堵B. 空气污染C. 噪音污染D. 所有以上答案：D2. 讨论中提出了哪些解决方案？A. 增加公共交通B. 限制私家车C. 建设自行车道D. 所有以上答案：D3. 口语部分A. 口语题目描述一次你解决困难的经历。

B. 参考答案在一次团队项目中，我遇到了困难。

我们团队成员之间意见不一致，导致项目进度缓慢。

我首先组织了一次会议，让每个成员表达自己的观点。

然后，我提出了一个折中的方案，将大家的想法整合在一起。

最后，我们达成了共识，项目得以顺利进行。

4. 写作部分A. 写作题目你是否同意以下观点：政府应该投资更多的钱在教育上？B. 参考答案我同意政府应该投资更多的钱在教育上。

首先，教育是提高国民素质的关键。

投资教育可以培养更多的专业人才，推动社会进步。

其次，良好的教育可以减少贫困，提高人们的生活水平。

最后，教育投资有助于创新和科技发展，为国家带来长远的利益。

请注意，以上试题及答案仅供参考，实际考试内容可能会有所不同。

托福写作经典加试题及答案

第一套：综合写作阅读：对于产品单一或者产业链单一的公司怎么发展(1) 在已有产品上升级版本（新包装）(2) 在产品设计方面推出新产品，比如皮带啊裤子啊你可以生产靴子啊，这样能一起买了(3) .和别的公司合作，比如说巧克力公司.和冰淇淋公司合作推出巧克力味冰淇淋听力：lecture里反驳(1) 老顾客不喜欢新包装，.会觉得被offense，不买新包装，.同时又有人觉得老包装old fashion，就全不买了(2) 一系列产品不能保证质量，万一买了靴子发现质量不好，可能皮带等也都不买了，reputation完了(3) 合作变成竞争，巧克力公司自己也生产冰淇淋了怎么办？不就和冰淇淋公司闹起来了么独立写作Many people spend lots of time watching sports on TV or following their favorite team. Does it have negative impacts on their lives?"To each his own," as the proverb indicates. This is applicable to the hobbies or interests one would spend time on pursuing. Some people however use too much time following their favorite sports teams either on TV or going to the stadium rooting up for their teams or buying team T shirts or caps. Does this have unfavorable impact on them? Yes, in my opinion, those people are negatively affected in their life.First, sports games last a long time and followers need to spend a great deal of time on the event. Although it is a great way to relax，followers will be addicted easily. They will watch these sports programs after finishing working, at night, or on the weekend. Some sports, such as football or tennis, consumes hours in regular conditions or longer in overtime games. In such condition, will the sports followers quit and go back to their work or study? No, of course. They might stay up late or postpone what they are doing for the game. No matter what the result is，they are affected in their life and may not be alert in doing their work. On the other hand, people who are not addicted to the sport can spend time doing other important things that benefit their lives and their plan, for work will have less chance of being interrupted.Second, sports lovers will try all the method to bolster their favorite team. In other words, they might need to spend money and be, sometimes, addicted to legal, but adverse habits. For example, some game cards provide bets as "non-profits" or "for-disabled" kind of charitable purpose. My male coworker, who loves to watch Euro football match, spent a lot of money for gambling. However, the chance to win is rare. Eventually, he had a huge debt because of gambling on his favorite sport: Euro football. In addition，following the favorite team on live competitions has the costs, such as paying for the ticket to the games，the cost of commuting, food, hotel and etc. This money needs to be deducted from savings and any budget that are prepared for their study or tuition.Admittedly, there are petty benefits watching or following their favorite teams on TV. For instance, when they watch the games, they shout out loud for their team, which is a great pressure reliever. In addition, watching sports are usually considered a group activity. In other words, they will enhance the relationship with their friends, colleges or family members when they enjoy and appreciate the sports together. However, either watching TV at home or physically attend the sports events is costly. Besides，they sit all day and eat all day during the event which is undoubtedly harmful to their health in the long run.Finally, everything has its downside. For the sports related activities，it will bring more negative impacts on people's life. As we usually hear from TV that the followers become violent when the team they support lose the game. The impacts are so profound that people might not be eager to fulfill their duties and they might need to spend a great deal of cash for this interest.第二套：综合写作1.阅读：marsupials不如placental mammals.适应性强。

托福阅读经典加试题及答案地核物质成分附

托福阅读经典加试题及答案：地核物质成分（附下载）
托福加试一般分为托福听力经典加试，跟托福阅读经典加试。

那么托福加试算分吗，加试是不算分的，但并不意味着你可以随便做。

新航道英语学校为大家整理了下托福阅读经典加试-地核物质成分的试题及答案。

希望对大家有帮助。

地核物质成分
讨论地核物质成分，科学家根据地震波传导的快慢，确定了地核的成分与地表的成分不同。

然后科学家发现火山爆发出来的物质有钻石，证明地球深层是一个高温高压的环境，因为钻石只能在这种情况下产生。

然后来了一段很长的，TMD,如果他分开好了。

说根据陨石里面的材料来判定地核的材料。

因为科学家可以估计地核的密度，如果发现陨石的密度与地核密度差不多，很有可能他们的element(元素成份)是相同的。

有一道题目问地核的构成物质最多是什么，有iron, silicon(硅),还有两个忘记了。

托福阅读考试时间一般是60分钟，在托福阅读加试的情况下会再加40分钟，总体考试即100分钟。

新航道提醒大家托福阅读加试题的位置不固定，考生很难分辨哪一道是加试题，只能通过日常积累来判断。

大家一定要认真做每一道题目。

托福考试专项测试试题含答案

托福考试专项测试试题含答案text oneThe principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness com#munities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection ofplantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that citiesstarted drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.(B) The evolution of cities in North America(C) Trade between North American and European cities(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.2. The word "they" in line 4 refers to(A) North American colonies(B) cities(C) centuries(D) town economies3. The passage com#pares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following?(A) Their economic success(B) The type of merchandise they exported(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements(D) The pace of their development4. The word "accordingly因此" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) as usual(B) in contrast(C) to some degree(D) for that reason5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to(A) an abundance of natural resources(B) financial support from colonial governments(C) proximity to parts of Europe(D) a favorable climate6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, theAtlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe?(A) Manufacturing equipment(B) Capital goods(C) Consumer goods(D) Raw materials7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the(A) location of the plantations(B) access of plantation owners to shipping(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in com#parison with northern cities, most southern cities were(A) more prosperous(B) smaller(C) less economically self-sufficient(D) tied less closely to England than to France9. The word "recorded" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) imagined(B) discovered(C) documented 记录(D) planned10. The word "drawing拉" in line 28 is closest in meaning to(A) attracting(B) employing(C) instructing(D) representing11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states参考答案1-11 BBDDC DCBCA C。

托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文1--1Groundwater

托福考试复习托福阅读TPO1(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Groundwater托福阅读原文Groundwater is the word Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.The necessary space is there, however, in many forms. The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them. The water wasalways laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.So much for unconsolidated sediments. Consolidated (or cemented) sediments, too, contain millions of minute water-holding pores. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally pluggedwith cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any time afterwards. The result is that sandstone, for example, can be as porous as the loose sand from which it was formed.Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists of empty space. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.托福阅读试题1.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?A.It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.B.It prevents most groundwater from circulating.C.It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.D.It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.2.The word “incredible” in the passage (paragraph 1) 1is closest in meaning toA.confusingfortingC.unbelievableD.interesting3.The word “out of sight” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA.far awayB.hiddenC.partly visibleD.discovered4.According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?A.Inside pieces of sand and gravelB.On top of beds of rockC.In fast rivers that are flowing beneath the soilD.In spaces between pieces of sediment5.The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage (paragragh 2) refers toA.fast riversB.glaciersC.the huge volumes of water created by glacial meltingD.the particles carried in water from melting glaciers6.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPTA.A mountain valleyB.Flat landC.A lake floorD.The seafloor7.The word “overlie” in the passage (paragragh 4)) is closest in meaning toA. coverB. changeC. separateD. surround8.The phrase “So much for” in the passage (paragragh 5) is closest in meaning toA.that is enough aboutB.now let us turn toC.of greater concern areD.this is related to9.The word “plugged” in the passage (paragragh 5) is closet in meaning to washedA.draggedB.filled upC.soaked through10.According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?A.It is unusually solid.B.It often has high porosity.C.It has a low proportion of empty space.D.It is highly permeable.11.What is the main purpose of paragraph 7?A.To explain why water can flow through rockB.To emphasize the large amount of empty space in all rockC.To point out that a rock cannot be both porous and permeableD.To distinguish between two related properties of rock12.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragragh 9)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.B.Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension.C.Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock willdrain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. █【A】Butsome will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. █【B】It is held there by the force of surface tensionwithout which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving ittotally dry. █【C】The total volume of water in the saturated sample musttherefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot,drain away. █【D】Where would thesentence best fit?14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Much of the ground is actually saturated with water.A.Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and streams.B.Water is stored underground in beds of loose sand and gravel or in cemented sediment.C.The size of a saturated rock’s pores determines how much water it will retain when the rock is put in a dry place.D.Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again.E.Like sandstone, basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous.F.Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once underwater.托福阅读答案1.以ground作为关键词定位至全段最后一句，说At first sight土地是不可能有那么大的空间去容纳这些水的，at first sight第一眼看上去的意思是这个不是事实，而且事实刚好与这个相反，也就是说土地是有空间的，所以C正确2.incredible令人难以置信的，想到credit card信用卡，credit指的是信用或者学分ible或者able表示可以……的，credible可信的，incredible难以置信的，不知道的话看上题也知道是不可能3.out of sight表面意思就是在视野之外，也就是看不见，C和D都说看见，所以错。

托福TPO口语35题目+参考答案+MP3音频下载

托福TPO口语35题目+参考答案+MP3音频下载托福TPO口语35题目+参考答案+MP3音频下载更多下载：托福TPO口语大全（1-35文本+题目+参考答案+MP3音频下载，目前只更新到35！）TPO听力下载：请点击：托福TPO听力大全(1-48下载，含听力MP3音频文件，听力文本、题目及答案)TPO阅读下载，请点击：托福TPO阅读大全(1-48,含阅读题目、阅读文本和阅读参考答案)TPO写作下载，请点击：托福TPO写作大全(1-48，综合写作和独立写作都更新到48)托福TPO口语35题目Which technology has made the greatest impact on people's life in your country: airplane, computer or television?参考答案While airplane and television are surely very important inventions, I believe computer is probably more helpful in people's life. For one thing, computer helps people so much in their studies since it allows people to write research papers and create PowerPoint presentations. You know, in the past, students had to rewrite their paper which costs them bunches of time. But now they only need to do some minor edit on the computer. For another, computer can be used as a convenient and efficient tool to communicate with others. People now have been accustomed to chat through online communication tools such as Skype, QQ and so forth. Furthermore, computer can meet all our needs of entertainment, including music, movies and video games.Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion?参考答案Personally speaking, children will definitely benefit more from living in big cities, especially metropolis. First of all, big cities provide children with high-quality education resources and facilities, which are not available in rural areas. You know, most of the prestigious schools are located in big cities which are of advanced facilities like projectors, computers and so on. On the other hand, children can receive better medical insurance since medical and healthcare technology is better in big cities. Rural areas usually lack doctors with formal license, not even mention some checking machines. The myriad life of metropolis is indispensable to the all-round and harmonious development of children's character.The woman expresses her opinion about the university?s plan. Briefly summarize the plan. Then state her opinion about the plan and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.参考答案The student proposes that the university should build a parking lot, as it’s hard to find a parking plac e on campus and there’s a wood area suitable for the need. The speaker disagrees with the statement. There are two reasons. Firstly, there are some places for parking near the dining hall and the library, several blocks away. And she doesn't think there should always be a parking spot outside the building they are visiting. Moreover, the green area is the only place on campus where there is plenty of trees and students enjoy studying and reading there. School should leave the area alone instead of eliminating it for something they don't need.Using the example from the lecture, explain the use of imageadvertising to sell products.参考答案In order to advertise a product, companies tend to link a positive image with their product and the image should be easy to remember. The professor talks about an example of a cookie company. The company uses a big bear as the image on the box of their cookies and the character is also shown on TV commercials. The image of big bear is easy to remember and when it dances and says something funny on TV, the children like it very much. Therefore, year by year, the company sells more cookies than any of its competitors.Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of the two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.参考答案The speaker volunteers in an elementary school and she is supposed to take the kids for picnic in the weekends. But it’s going to rain the whole day that day. There are two so lutions for her. Firstly, she can reschedule the picnic next week and call every family tonight, but someone may miss out. Secondly, she can arrange the activi ty in a restaurant, but it’ll be less fun and cannot be called a picnic. Compared with the soluti ons, I prefer the second, and at least children will not be disappointed with the activity cancellation and they can rearrange the picnic next time.Using the example of baboons from the lecture, explain two ways in which display behavior can help animals maintain group unity.参考答案Group life provides animals with protection from predators and social companies. There are two kinds of display behaviors animal use to avoid conflicts and resolve conflicts within a group. The first is threatening. The behavior doesn't aim to harm, but send a signal of warning. Take a kind of monkey for example. When two monkeys see food at the same time, one may threaten the other and after receiving the warning message, the other may leave without fighting. The second is to hug each other after punching. If two monkeys does fight with each other over the food they found, they may hug after the physical attack, and the conflict is resolved.。

托福试题全部及答案

托福试题全部及答案1. Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In the realm of environmental conservation, the concept of sustainable development has gained significant traction over the past few decades. It is predicated on the idea that economic growth and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive but can coexist harmoniously. The key to achieving this balance lies in the efficient use of resources, the implementation of eco-friendly practices, and the promotion of policies that prioritize both economic and ecological health.Question 1: What is the primary focus of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Efficient use of resourcesD) Both A and BAnswer: D) Both A and BQuestion 2: According to the passage, what is essential for achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection?A) Inefficient use of resourcesB) Implementation of eco-friendly practicesC) Neglect of policiesD) Overexploitation of resourcesAnswer: B) Implementation of eco-friendly practices2. Directions: Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions that follow.Conversation:Speaker 1: "I've been learning about the history of the internet and it's fascinating how it has transformed our lives."Speaker 2: "Absolutely, it's hard to imagine life without it now. It's become an integral part of our daily routines."Question 1: What are the speakers discussing?A) The history of the internetB) The future of the internetC) The impact of the internet on daily lifeD) The disadvantages of the internetAnswer: C) The impact of the internet on daily lifeQuestion 2: What does Speaker 2 imply about the internet?A) It is a new inventionB) It is a luxuryC) It is an essential part of daily lifeD) It is a hindrance to daily routinesAnswer: C) It is an essential part of daily life3. Directions: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words from the list provided.List of words:a) accelerateb) diminishc) enhanced) mitigatee) prosperSentence 1: The introduction of new technologies has the potential to _____ the economy.Answer: c) enhanceSentence 2: The company's profits have _____ significantly due to poor management.Answer: b) diminishSentence 3: The government is implementing policies to _____ the effects of climate change.Answer: d) mitigateSentence 4: The new highway will _____ traffic congestion in the city.Answer: a) accelerateSentence 5: The small business _____ after receiving a large investment.Answer: e) prosper4. Directions: Write an essay on the following topic: "The Role of Education in Promoting Social Equality."In your essay, you should:- Discuss the importance of education in reducing social inequalities.- Explain how education can empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds.- Provide examples of educational policies or programs that have been successful in promoting social equality.Essay:Education plays a pivotal role in promoting social equality by providing individuals with the tools and knowledge necessary to succeed in life. It is a powerful equalizer that can break the cycle of poverty and empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. By offering equal access toquality education, societies can reduce social inequalities and create a more level playing field for all.One of the ways education can empower individuals is by providing them with the skills and qualifications needed to secure better job opportunities. For instance, vocational training programs can equip individuals with practical skills that are in high demand in the job market, thus increasing their chances of employment and improving their economic prospects.Moreover, educational policies and programs that focus on inclusivity and accessibility have proven successful in promoting social equality. For example, scholarship programsfor underprivileged students can ensure that financial constraints do not hinder their pursuit of education. Similarly, affirmative action policies in higher education institutions can provide equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds.In conclusion, education is a cornerstone of social equality. It has the potential to transform lives and societies by fostering a more inclusive and equitable world. By investing in education, we invest in the future of our communities and the well-being of all individuals.Note: The essay provided is a sample response and should be tailored to the specific requirements of the prompt.。

TOEFL全真试题（1-2）_托福_

TOEFL全真试题（1-2）READING COMPREHENSIONQuestions 1-9The ocean bottom ------a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of theEarth ---- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Untilabout a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneathwaters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intensepressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth s surface, the deep-ocean bottomis a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the voidof outer space.Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments forover a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did notactually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation s DeepSea Drilling Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil andgas industry, the DSDP s drill ship, theGlomar Challenger, was able to maintain asteady position on the ocean s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samplesof sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program thatended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers andtook almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sitesaround the world. The Glomar Challenger s core samples have allowed geologiststo reconstruct what the planet looked like hundred of millions of years ago and tocalculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largelyon the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger s voyages, nearlyall earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift thatexplain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yieldedinformation critical to understanding the world s past climates. Deep-ocean sedimentsprovide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because theyare largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biologicalactivity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record hasalready provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change ---information that may be used to predict future climates.1.The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in line2 because it(A)is not a popular area for scientific research(B)contains a wide variety of life forms(C)attracts courageous explorers(D)is an unknown territory2.The word "inaccessible" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A)unrecognizable(B)unreachable(C)unusable(D)unsafe3.The author mentions outer space in line 7 because(A)the Earth s climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space.(B)it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment(C)rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor(D)techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in oceanexploration4. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?(A) It is a type of submarine.(B) It is an ongoing project.(C) It has gone on over 100 voyages(D) It made its first DSDP voyage in 19685. The word " extracting " in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing6. The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was(A) an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas(B) the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom(C) composed of geologists form all over the world(D) funded entirely by the gas and oil industry7. The word " strength " in line21 is closest in meaning to(A)basis(B)purpose(C)discovery(D)endurance8.The word " they " in line26 refers to(A)years(B)climates(C)sediments(D)cores9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep SeaDrilling Project?(A) Geologists were able to determine the Earth s appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.(B) Two geological theories became more widely accepted(C) Information was revealed about the Earth s past climatic changes.(D) Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.。