专题:倒装句

专题:倒装句
专题:倒装句

倒装句

一、倒装句概述

英语句子的基本语序就是“主语+谓语+其她成分”,即主语在前,谓语在后。但有时出于语法与修辞上的需要,把句子的整个谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语前面,就构成了倒装。

倒装句分为完全倒装、部分倒装与形式倒装。

完全倒装:把主语与谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装。

部分倒装:只把助动词(包括系动词、情态动词等)移到主语之前,叫做部分倒装。

形式倒装:形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点就是只把强调句的内容提到句首,主谓并不倒装。

二、倒装句之完全倒装

完全倒装就是把整个谓语置于主语之前。常见的结构有:

1)here, there, now, then等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, run等表示来去或状态的动词,即“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,run等) + 主语" 的结构。例如: Then came the chairman、那时总裁来了。

Here is your letter、您的信。

【注意】如果主语就是人称代词,就不用倒装。

如: Here you are、

2)表示运动方向的副词(如out, in, up, down等)或地点状语置于句首,谓语就是表示运动

的动词,要用完全倒装。例如:

In came Mr、White、

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber、轰炸机底下窜出一枚导弹。

Ahead sat an old woman、前面坐着一个老妪。

On the desk lies piles of(pile堆,a pile of后既可加可数名词,又可加不可数名词) books、桌子上有几堆书。

【注意】如果主语就是人称代词,就不用倒装。

3) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist…、) 句型中。例如:

There are thousands of people on the square、

There lived an old fisherman in the village、

There stands a little girl、

4)分词短语置于句首时

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about twelve、躺在地上的就是一个大约二十岁的小男孩。

5)such置于句首时

Such was Albert Einstein a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist、这就就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一个质朴的人,也就是二十世纪最伟大的科学家。

6)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如:

Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共与国万岁!

7)在“表语+系动词+主语”的结构中

Present at the meeting were experts on art、出席会议的就是艺术方面的专家。

Many and long were the conversations they held through the prison way、在去监狱的路上,她们进行了多次长谈。

三、倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装就是指将谓语的一部分如助动词(包括系动词、情态动词等)倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

1.句子为疑问句时

一般疑问句中,把助动词放在主语之前,构成语法倒装;疑问词做宾语、表语或状语的特殊疑问句要把疑问词放在句首,把助动词(包括系动词、情态动词)放在主语前,构成语法倒装。

Have you heard from Jane lately?您最近收到简的来信了不?

【特别提示】在特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,无需倒装。

E、g Who let out the secret?就是谁泄密的?

What film is going to be put on this week?本周将上映什么电影?

2.句首为否定或表示否定的词语。

如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely(adv、几乎不,简直不), at no time决不, by no means(决不; 并不; 绝不,一点也不), on no account(绝不,切莫), in no case(无论如何不), under no circumstances(决不,无论如何), in no way绝不, not until…,nowhere(无论如何;任何地方都不),on no condition(无论如何也不要)等。例如:

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room、母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。

Never have I seen such a performance、从未见过如此糟糕的表演。

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question、无论如何您不会找到这个问题的答案的。

【注意】当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。即:后倒前不倒。注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如:

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep、

---Not until the child fell asleep the mother did leave the room、

3.only在句首

only+副词/介词短语/状语从句时,主句倒装。例如:

Only in this way, can you learn English well、只有这样,您才能学好英语。(only+介词短语)

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting、叫了三次,她才来参加会议。

Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing、(only+副词)

Only when it began to rain did he finish his job、(only+状语从句)

如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。例如:

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed、病得很重时,她才卧床休息。

4、so, neither, nor作部分倒装,表示“也(不)……”的句式

表示同一种情况适用于两者,或一者同时具备两种情况就是,可用“so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语”的倒装形式。

Tom can speak French、So can Jack、汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会。

If you won't go, neither will I、您不去,我也不去。

【练习】

---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

---I don't know,_____、

A、nor don't I care

B、nor do I care

C、I don't care neither

D、I don't care also

答案:B、nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再次否定,C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。

【注意】当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。例如:

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did、汤姆邀我去踢球,我去了。

---It's raining hard、---So it is、雨下得真大。就是呀。

5、so… that引导的结果状语从句中,当so位于句首时,用”so\such + adj、/adv、+ 主语+谓语”。例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch、她害怕得很,动也不敢动。

So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it、考试如此难,以至于大多数同学没能考过。

6、as, though 引导的部分倒装

as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要,可将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。但需注意:

1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2) 句首就是实义动词, 其她助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语与状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如:

Child as he is, he knows a lot、(倒装后,单数名词前不用a)

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