托福阅读中的同义替换
托福阅读单词题 TOEFL同义词替换
diligent
thorough/careful
细致彻底的
discontent
unhappiness
不满
dismiss
reject
驳回
edible
fit to be eaten
可食用的
elaborate
complex
复杂的
elsewhere
in another location
在别处，去别处
关注
prerequisite
necessary
必要的
prevail
dominate
占优势
priceless
highly valuable
无价的，极珍贵的
profound
very strong
强烈的
proliferate
increase able
显著的
comment
评论
compact
press together
压紧
compatible
consistent
一致的
compelling
convincing
有说服力的
compensate for
makeup for
弥补
competence
abi ity
才能
compilation
collection
编纂
complement
in principle
theoretically
原则上
in profile
view from the side
从侧面
inaccessible
can not be reached
无法到达的
托福阅读同义替换
a break with a departure from 分离；偏离abandon give to 放弃aberrant abnormal 异常的abolish end 废止；结束abruptly suddenly 突然地；意外地abundance plenty 丰富；大量abundantly plentifully 丰富地；大量地accelerate speed up; get faster 加速accelerate increase 增加accessible available 可利用的accidental unintentional 偶然的；无意中的acclaimed praisable 收到称赞的accompany be associated with伴随according to depending on 随......而定accordingly for that reason; consequently 因此；于是account describe 描述account for explain 解释；说明accrete come together 共生；逐渐增长accumulate build up; collect 逐步建立；聚集accumulate gradually increase in number 积累accumulate increase 增加accumulation deposit 积累；沉积acknowledge recognize 承认；认识到acquire obtain 取得；获得adept skillfull 熟练的adequate sufficient 足够的adhere stick 粘附adherent supporter 拥护者adjacency nearing 邻近；接近adjacent neighboring; nearby; near 附近的；毗邻的administer manage 管理；经营admire respect 崇拜，尊敬adorn decorate 装饰advance propose 提出advance improvement 发展；改善advent arrival；appearance 到来，出现adverse negative 不利的advocate proponent 支持者aesthetically artistically 艺术上的affectional tie emotional attachment 情感上的依附afford offer;provide 提供；给予affront insult 侮辱agency force 因素；力量agent cause 原因aggravate worsen 使恶化aggregation group 聚集；小组agitate create movement in使不安aid help 帮助albeit though；even though 虽然alert warn 警告；提醒allay reduce 减轻allege assert;suppose 主张；推测allocation distribution 分配allude to refer to 提到allusion reference 提到alter change 改变alteration change 改变alternative option 选择altogether completely 完全地amass accumulate 积累ambiguous open to more than one interpretation 模棱两可的ambitious keen; energetic 有雄心的amount to total 总共ample plentiful 充足的；丰富地amplify magnify 夸大an English innovation a new development introduced by the English 英国人的创新analogous to similar to 与......相似ancestor forefather; progenitor 祖先animate enliven 使有生气；使活泼annihilate conquer 消灭；征服annual yearly 一年一度的anomaly irregularly 异常的人或事物anonymous nameless; incognito 无名的；匿名的antagonize anger 惹恼；引起......的敌意或反感antecedent predecessor 前身；祖先apace with as fast as 与......一样快apart from besides 除......之外apparatus equipment 仪器；设备apparent in clearly seen in在......中很明显apparently seemingly 表面上；似乎appeal attraction 吸引力appealing attractive 有吸引力的applied in used for 运用于appreciate recognize 理解；认识到approach method 方法appropriate suitable 合适的approximately roughly 大约aptly appropriately 恰当的ardent enthusiastic 热情的arduous difficult 艰巨的arid dry 干旱的arise come about 出现arrangement configuration 安排；结构array large number 大量article object 物品artificial not real 人造的；非真实的assemble gather 收集；聚集asset resource; advantage 资源；有利条件assist in help with 帮助做......assistance help 帮助；协助associate connect 联系assumption belief 假定；假设assure guarantee 保证astonish surprise 使惊讶astonishing incredible; amazing 惊人的astronomical huge 巨大的at any rate regardless 无论如何at random without a definite pattern 随意地attachment to preference for 喜爱attain achieve; reach 取得；达到attendant accompanying 伴随的attest to give evidence to 作为......的证据attire clothing 服装attribute ascribe 归因attribute characteristic 特征；特性augment increase增加；提高authenticity genuineness 真实性authoritative official 权威的；官方的autonomous independent 自主的；独立的available obtainable 可获得的avenue means; methods 途径；手段back up support 支持bare exposed 裸露的barely just 仅仅barren infertile 贫瘠的barter exchange (物物) 交换basic fundamental 基本的be accustomed to get used to; be used to 习惯于be aware of be familiar with 了解be inclined tend 倾向于be termed be called; be known as 被称为behave act 表现beneficial advantageous 有利的besides in addition to 除......以外bias prejudice 偏见bind(过去分词为bound) hold 束缚；限制biting sharp 尖刻的bizarre odd 奇怪的bland dull 乏味的；无聊的blend into merge with 与......结合blot out hide 隐藏boast take pride in having 以拥有......而自豪bombard strike 炮击；轰炸boom the birthrate 婴儿潮；婴儿出生率boost raise 提升bound tied 联系bout period 一阵；一小段时间brilliance glitter 发光bulk mass 块；团；大量；众多bustling busy 繁忙的，熙熙攘攘的by virtue of because of 因为calculate determine 决定camouflage disguise 伪装、capacity potential 潜能capture catch 捕捉capture register 表现；体现cardinal fundamental 基本的carry on continue; conduct 继续；进行cast light on explain 说明；解释cast off get rid of 抛弃；消除cease stop；end 停止；终止celebrated famous 著名的celestial astronomical 天体的；天文的champion support 支持channel direct 引导chaotic disorganized 混乱的characteristic quality 性质；特性characterize distinguish 以......为特征cherish value 珍视chronic persistent 长期的；慢性的chronicle describe 记述circumscribe restrict 限制；约束circumstance condition 环境；条件class category 分类climatic weather 气候的clue indication 线索；迹象cluster group 群；组coarse crude; rough 粗糙的；粗俗的coating layer 涂层；覆盖层coin invent; create 创造coincide with happen at the same time as 同时发生collaborate cooperate 合作collective group 集体colossal enormous 巨大的commence begin 开始commonly often 通常compact compressed 紧密的；压缩的comparable equivalent 类似的；可比较的comparably similarly 类似地comparative relative 比较的；相对的compatible consistent 与......一致的compel push; force 迫使compelling persuasive 有说服力的compelling forceful 有力的compensate make up 弥补；补偿compile put together 汇编complement replacement 补充物；替代物complex elaborate 复杂的component part; element 组成部分；元素compose constitute; make up 构成；组成composition arrangement 组成comprehensive thorough; complete 全面的；全部的comprise consist of 由......组成compulsorily by requirement 强制性地compulsory required 强制的，必须的conceal cover 掩盖concede accept 让步；接受conceive consider 考虑concentrate gather 聚集concept idea 概念；主意concise simple 简明的、concur agree 同意conducive contributive 有助于......的conduct carry out 执行；进行configuration shape 形状confine restrict; limit 限制conflict oppose 相冲突；相反conjunction combination 结合；联合consecutive successive 连续的consensus agreement 一致意见consequence result 后果；结果consequent resulting 作为结果的consequently therefore 因此conserve retain 保存considerable significant 相当可观的；重大的considerable substantial; large amount of 许多的considerably significantly 相当客观的；重大的consistent constant 一贯的；不变的consistent uniform; regular 一致的consort associate （与人）来往conspicuous noticeable 明显的constant stable 稳定的；不变的constant invariable 不变的constituent component 组成成分constitute make up; comprise 构成consume destroy 破坏consume eat 消费；吃consumption utilization 消费；使用contemporary existing; modern 现存的；当代的contemporary current 当前的content argue 争论；主张contention debate 争论contention claim 主张；论点context environment 环境contingent on dependent on 取决于continued creation constant creation 连续的创造；不断的创造control manage 控制；管理controversy conflict; disagreement 争议；冲突conventional usual; tradition 通常的；传统的converge move closer 汇合convergence gathering 聚集；集中conversely on the other hand 与之相反convert change 改变convey communicate 表达；交流conviction belief 相信；信念cope adapt 应付；适应cope with deal with; handle 应付；处理core center 核心correspondingly accordingly 相应的counter overcome 对抗；抵消counter in the opposite direction 相反Counter act against 对抗Counteract negate 取消；否定Counterpart equivalent; version 对应物；版本Course duration 过程Course through run through 走过Cramped confined 狭窄的；受限制的Credible believable 可信的Crisis disturbance 危机Criteria standards 标准Critical essential 关键的Critically fundamentally 关键地Crucial essential; important; critical 关键的Crude rough; unsophisticated 原始的；粗鲁的Cue hint; clue 线索；按时Culminate climax 到达顶点Culmination high point 顶点Cumbersome burdensome 麻烦的Curb control 控制；遏制Current present 目前的Customary usual 通常的；一般的Dampen moisten 使潮湿Daring bold 大胆的Deceiving misleading 误导性的Decorating ornamental 装饰性的Deflect redirect 使偏斜；转移Deft skilled 熟练的Deliberate careful 有意的；小心的Deliberation discussion 审议；讨论Delicate fragile 脆弱的Deliver present 提交；发表Demand require 要求Demise death 死亡；终止Demonstrate show 表明Dense thick; crowded 密集的Depend rely 依赖；依靠Depict represent 描绘；表现Depict picture; describe 描绘Depict portray 描写；描绘Deplete consume; eat up; use up 耗尽；用尽Deplorable awful 糟糕的Depress lower 降低Derive gain; obtain 获得Derive from based on 源于Designate assign 指定Designation identification 指定Desolate deserted 荒凉的Despite even though 尽管Despondent unhappy 沮丧的Detect discover the presence of; find 发现Detectable apparent 可察觉的；明显的Deteriorate get worse 恶化Detrimental harmful 有害的；不利的Devastate destroy; ruin 破坏Develop vigorously development will be strong and healthy 发育充满活力Deviate depart 偏离Devise create 设计；创造Devoid of lacking in; short of 缺乏Devote dedicate 奉献；投入Dedicate determine 决定Differential uneven 差别的；不平均的Diffuse travel; spread; disperse; spread out 传播；扩散Disaster catastrophe 大灾难Discard get rid of 抛弃；消除Discern identify 识别Discernible obvious 可分辨的；明显的Discipline punish 惩罚Discount disregard 轻视；忽视Discreet careful 小心的Discrete separate 分离的Disguise hide 隐藏Dismiss reject 排斥Dispersal distribution散布；传播Disperse scatter; spread out 分散Display exhibit 展示；陈列Dispute argument 争论Disrupt upset 打破；搅乱Disruption disturbance 打扰；扰乱Disseminate spread 传播Distinct separate; different 不同的Distinct visible 明显的Distinctive characteristic; unique 有特色的；独特的Distinctly clearly 清楚地Distinguish differentiate 区分Distort misinterpret 歪曲；错误地理解Distraction difference 分散；区别Diverge separate 分离Divergence difference 不同Divergent different 不同的Diverse varied；different 各种各样的；不同的Diversification emergency of many varieties 多样化Diversify vary 多样化，变化Diversity variety 多样性Divert deflect; shift 转移Dogma belief 信条Domain field 领域；范围Dominant chief ; most common 主要的；最常见的Dominate be prevalent in 流行于；主导Dormant inactive 休眠的Drab dull 乏味的Dramatic striking 突出的；引人注目的Drastic severe; extreme 猛烈的；极端的Draw attract 吸引Dream expectation 梦想；期望Drive incentive 动力；刺激Dual double 双重的Duplicate copy 复制Durability endurance 耐久性；持久性Durable long-lasting; strong 持久的；牢固的Duration length 持续时间Dweller inhabitant 居民；居住者Dwelling house 房子Eager enthusiastic 满腔热情的Eagerly anticipate look forward to 盼望Edge advantage 优势Edible eatable 可以食用的Eerily strangely 奇怪地Efficiency effectiveness 效率；有效性Effort attempt 努力；试图Elaborate extensive; detailed 详细的Elaborately done in great detail 详细地Elaboration development 扩展Elicit bring out 引出Eliminate remove 消除Embrace welcome 欢迎Emerge appear; develop 出现；发育Emergence appearance; rise 出现Emergency crisis 紧急情况Emergent developing 正在发育的Emit give off；release 发射；排放Emit produce 产生Emphasize stress 强调Empirical based on observation 经验主义的；以经验为依据的Employ use 使用Enable help 帮助Enable allow 是能够，准许Enactment performance 履行Encompass include 包含；包括Encounter meet; face 遇到Encroachment gradual invasion 侵入Endeavor effort 努力Endless continuous 连续不断的Endow provide 提供；赋予Endure survive 幸存；忍受Endure last 持续Engage participate 参与Engage hire 雇佣Engrave carve 雕刻Enhance improvement 提升Enigmatic mysterious 神秘的Enjoy experience 经历Enormous very large; extremely large; immense 巨大的Ensuing subsequent 随后的Ensure guarantee 保证；担保Entail necessitate 使成为必要Entirely completely 完全地Entitled to given right to 有权…Entity object 物体Envelop surround 包围Episode event 事件Epitomize exemplify 成为…的典范；代表Equilibrium balance 平衡Era period of time 时代Eradicate eliminate 根除；消灭Erect build 建立；建造Erode wear down 侵蚀Erratic unpredictable 难以预测的Erroneous wrong 错误的Escalate intensify; increase 升级；恶化Essential necessary; fundamental 必要的；基本的Essential significance重要性Essentially basically 基本上Estimate projection 估计；预估Estimate judge 评估；判断Ethic set of moral principles 伦理；道德规范Eventually over time; in time; ultimately; finally 最终；最后Ever-shifting constantly changing 不断变换的Evidence indicate 表明；证明Evoke cause 引起Evolution development 进化；发展Evolve develop 进化；发展Exaggerate overstate 夸张；夸大Excavate dig；dig up 挖；挖掘Exceed surpass; go beyond 超越；超过Exceedingly extremely; highly 极其；非常Exceptional extraordinary; remarkable 非凡的Exceptionally unusually 非常地Exclude keep out 排除在外Exclusive sole 唯一的；排他性的Execute perform; produce 履行；生产Exercise utilize; use 利用Exert put 施加（影响、压力等）；行使Exert cause 引起；产生Exert utilize 利用Exhaust use up 耗尽Exhibit show; display 展示Exorbitant expensive 过度的；昂贵的Expand enlarge 扩大Expendable nonessential 非必要的；可抛弃的Explicit utilize; use to advantage; make use of 开发；利用Exponential leap rapid increase 快速增加Expose… to subject … to 使…经受; 使…遭受Exposed visible 暴露的；无遮掩的Extend stretch 延伸Extend increase 增加；扩展Extended long （时间）长的；延长的Extensive large; substantial 广泛的Extensive considerable 广泛的；客观的Extol praise 赞扬Extract remove 提取；清除Extraordinary exceptional 异常的；非凡的Fabricate construct 建造；制造Facilitate enable 使能够Facilitate make easier 使…更容易Faction side 派别Fade from disappear from 从…消失Fair significant 相当大的Faithful loyal 忠实的Fashion create; shape 创造；形成Fastened to attached to 粘附于Fastidious demanding 苛求的Fatal deadly 致命的Favor prefer 喜爱Favorable advantageous 有利的Feasible achievable；possible 可行的；可能的Feat remarkable; achievement 功绩；壮举Feed put 将…放到；将…投入Figure out map 想出Finding science discovery 研究结果Fine tiny 细小的Finely minutely 细微地First rank highest quality 第一流的Fixed firm 固定的Fixture commonplace object 固定装置；固定设施Flattering complimentary 恭维的Flaw fault 缺点；毛病Flee run away from 逃离Flourish succeed；thrive 繁荣；成功Fluctuation variation 起伏；波动Focus concentrate 集中；聚集Forage feed；search for food 觅食；搜寻食物Foremost leading 最重要的Formidable difficult; excessive 困难的；过度的Formulate form; devise 形成；设计Fortuitous lucky 幸运的Foster encourage 鼓励；促进Foul pollute 污染Fracture crack 破裂；断裂Framework structure 框架；结构Free release 释放Freestanding separate 独立的Friction conflict 摩擦；冲突Frigid cold 寒冷的Fringe border 边缘Frown on disapprove of 不赞成Fulfill satisfy 满足Functional useful; usable 有用的；可用的Fundamental basic；primary 基本的；主要的Furnish provide 提供Further additional 进步的；额外的Furthermore in addition 另外Fuse combine 合并Gain increase 增加Gap opening 缝隙；缺口Gather some momentum=make progress 进步；势头上升generate= produce；cause 产生；引起Gesture=movement 手势；动作Giant=huge 巨大的give rise to=bring about 引起Give way to=turn into=be replaced by=转变为；让位于Given=particular 特定的Glorify=praise 赞扬Glow=shine 发光Gradually=by degrees 渐渐地Graphic=vivid 生动的Grapple=struggle 斗争Gratify=satisfy 满足groundless =unfounded 无根据的grounds =reasons 根据;理由groundwork= base 基础groundwork= basis 基础groundwork= foundation 基础get accustomed to= become used to 习惯guarantee= ensure 保证;担保hallmark= characteristic n. 戳记，标志Halt=stop 停止hamper =impede；restrain 防碍;抑制haphazard= random a. 随意的harness= put into use v. 利用harness= utilize v. 利用Hardy=vigorous 有活力的Hasten=speed up 加速haul= pull；load v. 拉；一批赃物；一批违禁品hazard =danger n. 危险heed= notice v. 留心;注意heighten= increase v. 增加;提高heir= inheritor n. 继承人;后继者hence= therefore ad. 因此heritage =legacy n. 遗产;传统heritage= tradition n. 遗产;传统heterogeneous= varied a. 由不同种类组成的Highlight=emphasize 强调hinder= interfere with v. 妨碍hint= clue n. 暗示;迹象hint= implication n. 暗示;迹象hint= indication n. 暗示;迹象hint= lead n. 暗示;迹象Hinge on=depend on 取决于Hinterland=region 内地homogeneous =uniform a. 同种的Humble=modest 简陋的Humid=moist 湿润的hypothetical =supposed a. 假设的;假定的Ideal=perfect；excellent 完美的identical= exactly alike 同样的ignite= set on fire v. 点燃Ill=problemIlluminate=clarify；light 阐明；照亮Illusory=misleading 虚幻的Imaginative=creative 想象力丰富的Imitate=copy；simulate 模仿Immeasurably=greatly 巨大的Immediate =nearby 临近的Immense=enormous 巨大的Immensely=extremely 非常Immobile=motionless 静止的Immunity=protection 免疫Immutable=unchangeable 不变的Impair=reduce 减少Impediment=obstruction 阻碍Impetus=stimulus；incentive 刺激Implausible=unbelievable 难以置信的Implement=execute；put into action 执行Implement=tool 工具Impose....on=place....on;force....on 强加于Imposing=impressive 深刻印象的In place of =instead of 代替In tandem=together 一起；同时In the long run=eventually 长期最后In the same breath = immediately 立刻inaccessible= unreachable a. 难接近的inadvertently= unintentionally ad. 非故意地inadvertently =without knowing ad. 非故意地Inaugurate=introduce 开始，引入Incandescent=luminous 发光的Incentive=motivation 刺激；驱动Inception=beginning 开始Incise=carve；cut 雕刻Inclination=tendency；preference 爱好incorporate= include v. 包含incorporate= merge v. 吸收Incredible=unbelievable 难以置信的Indeterminate=uncertain 不确定的indication= sign 迹象indigenous =native a. 本土的;土生土长的Indiscriminately=at random 随意的indispensable =essential a. 不可缺少的indispensable= necessary a. 不可缺少的indispensable= needed a. 不可缺少的indispensable= required a. 不可缺少的indispensable= vital a. 不可缺少的indispensable= significant(重要的) a. 必不可少的induce =bring v. 引起induce =cause v. 引起Inducement=incentive 引发inevitable= unavoidable a. 不可避免的inflate= expand；enlarge v. 膨胀;扩大ingenious= very clever a. 心灵手巧的ingenuity= cleverness n. 心灵手巧;独创性ingenuity= creativeness n. 心灵手巧;独创性ingenuity= inventiveness n. 心灵手巧;独创性ingenuity= resourcefulness n. 心灵手巧;独创性Influx=arrival 到来Infrequent=uncommon 不常见的inherent= essential a. 内在的;固有的inherent= internal a. 内在的;固有的inherent= instinctive a. 与生俱来的inherent= in characteristic of a. 与生俱来的inherently =essentially ；necessarily ad. 固有地;内在的inhibit =hinder v. 约束;抑制inhospitable= unfavorable a. 冷淡的;不适宜的inhospitable= adverse a. 冷淡的;不适宜的initial= first a. 最初的initially =originally ad. 最初;开头initiate= begin v. 开始;创始initiate =start v. 开始;创始innovative= new a. 创新的Innumerable=countless 无数的Insights=understanding 理解Insights into= an understanding of 理解Insignificant=unimportant 不重要的install= put in place v. 放置，安置instant= moment n. 片刻;瞬间instantaneous= immediate a. 即刻的instigate= incite；cause v. 唆使;煽动Institute=establish 建立instructive= informative v. 富有教育意义的insufficient= inadequate a. 不足的intact= untouched a. 完好的intangible= immaterial a. 无形的integral= essential a. 构成整体所需要的intense =strong a. 强烈的Intensive=concentrated 集中的intentionally= deliberately ad. 有意地;故意地Interchangeable=equivalent 等值的Interfere=hinder 干扰Interference=obstruction 干扰Interlock=link 联系Intermittently=periodically 周期性的Interpret=understand 理解Interval=distance距离Intervention=influence 干预intimate =close a. 亲密的intricate= complex a. 复杂的intricate =carefully shaped a. 复杂的intrigue= interest v. 引发…兴趣intriguing= fascinating a. 迷人的intrinsic= essential a. 本质的;内在的intrinsic= inherent a. 本质的;内在的Intrinsically=fundamentally 本质上intrusive= invasive a. 侵入的invade= move into v. 入侵;侵犯invaluable= highly useful a. 极宝贵的invariably= always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地Invoke=call upon 唤起invoke =appeal v. 垦求,祈求jolting= shocking 震动的;震惊的Joint=combined 联合的Justify=support 支持=prove v. 证明...是正当的Justly=rightly 合理地Key=important;critical 重要的Laborious=difficult 困难的Lament=complain 哀悼；抱怨Largely=mostly 大部分Lateral=side 一侧的launch= start v. 发起;发动Legacy=heritage 遗产Legendary=famous 传奇的；著名的Legible=recognizable 可辨认的legitimately= properly ad. 正当地;合法地Lid=cover 盖子liken= compare 比较likewise= similarly ad. 同样地linger= wander v. 徘徊;漫步=remain 保持Link=connection 联系Litter=cover 散落于livelihood= means of support n. 生活;生计Living=attractive 生动的；迷人的Load=weight 负重locale= place n. 现场;场所Lure=attract 引诱Magnify= intensify放大；强化Magnify= enlarge;increase 放大；扩大magnitude =extent;size 巨大;广大;范围，大小maintainpreserve 维持；坚持；保持Major=principal 主要的重要的Make it=arrive 成功Make the most of=get the best yield from 充分利用Mandate=require 要求Manipulate=controlmarked =considerable ；noticeable显着的markedly =noticeably 显著地Marvelous=wonderful 非凡的Mask=cover；disguise 伪装；遮盖Massive=huge 巨大的Match=equal 匹配Mature=develop 成熟，发展Meager=thin；very low 较少的Means=method 方法Mechanisms=ways 方式Merely=only 仅仅Merge=combine 联合；合并Merit=worth 优点meteoric=rapid迅速的Meticulous=careful 一丝不苟的milestone= significant event n. 里程碑; 划时代的事mimic= imitate v. 模仿mimic= copy v. 模仿miniature= small a. 微型的minuscule= tiny a. 微型的minute= tiny a. 微小的minute =very small a. 微小的Miraculous=amazing 神奇的modest =limited(有限的)；simple 适度的；简陋的modest= not too large (不大的)；small 适度的；较小的Modestly=humbly 谦虚地Modify=change 改变modification =alteration n. 修改;改变momentous= significant a. 重要的Monochrome=one-color 单色monitor= observe v. 监控;监视monopolize= dominate(支配) v. 独占；垄断Monopoly=domination 支配Monumental=significant；gigantic 巨大的moreover= in addition;furthermore此外motif= pattern;design 图案Motion=movement 运动mundane= material a. 世俗的;平凡的mundane= ordinary a. 世俗的;平凡的myriad= countless a. 大量的;无数的myriad= innumerable a. 大量的;无数的myriad= numerous a. 大量的;无数的Naturally=unsurprisingly 自然地Necessitate=require 需要Neglect=fail 忽视；未能Negligence=carelessness 粗心大意Nevertheless=however 然而Norm=rule；standard 标准Notable=remarkable 引人瞩目的Notably=especially 特别是Nothing more than=simply 仅仅是Notice=observe 注意到Notion=idea 想法Notwithstanding= despite；in spite of；although 虽然; 尽管Novel=innovative;new 创新的；新颖的Now and then=occasionally 偶尔objective =purpose；unbiased 目标；客观的Oblige=require 迫使；需求Obscure= hide v. 使模煳obscure =unclear a. 模煳的Obscure= not clear a. 模煳的obsession =with fixation on 痴迷;迷恋obtain =acquire 取得;获得obvious =evident；apparent 明显的occasionally = once in a while adv. 偶尔地Offset= compensate v. 补偿;抵销Offset= balance v. 补偿;抵销Offset= make up v. 补偿;抵销抵销On the threshold of =at the start of 在....的开始Once=after 一旦；在...之后Onset= start；beginning 开始Optimal= most advantageous;best最佳的option =choice 选项;选择Ornate=elaborate 设计繁杂的Oscillate=swing 摆动Ostentatious=showy 炫耀的Out of sight=hidden 隐藏的Outbreak=beginning 爆发；开始Outdated=old-fashioned 过时的outermost= farthest away 最远的Outline=summarize 概述Outstanding=excellent 杰出的Overlie=cover 位于....上面Oversee=supervise 监督Overshadow=distract from 黯然失色Overtake=surpass 超过Overtaxed=heavily burdened 负担过重的Overwhelming=powerful 压倒性的；有力的Pace=rate 比率Palatable=appealing 美味的Pale=lose significance 相形见绌Paradox=contradiction 矛盾；冲突Paradoxically=surprisingly 矛盾地Particularly=especially 特别地Partitioning=division 分割Pattern=design 图案；花样Peak; maximum ;top 最大值Peculiar ;unusual；strange 独特的；奇怪的Penchant; inclination 倾向；嗜好Penetrate ；go through; pierce 穿透Peril；danger 危险Period；era；time 时期；时代Periodically；regularly；定期地Periphery；edge；outer edge 外缘Permanent；everlasting；永久的Permeat; penetrate; spread through 渗透；弥漫Perpetuate；maintain；continue 维持；持续存在Perplex；puzzle 使困惑Persevere；continue 坚持；持续Persist；continue坚持；持续Persistent；enduring 坚持的；持续的Perspective；viewpoint；point of view 观点Persuasively；convincingly；令人信服地；有说服力的Pertinent；relevant 相关的Pervade；permeate 渗透Pervasive；widespread；普遍的Pessimistic；negative 悲观的；负面的Phenomenon；occurrence；event；fact 现象；事件；事实Pick up；follow 跟踪Picture；imagine；想象Pinpoint；identify precisely；locate exactly 确定；精准定位Pioneer；initiate；开创；开始Pioneer；leader；innovator 领袖；创新者Pit；hole 洞Place；deposit放置；沉积Plausible；believable；credible 可信的Plot；area 一小块（土地）；面积Plug；fill up塞住；填满Plunge；drop 落下Ponderous；heavy 落下Pore；hole 洞；孔Pose；present 构成Position；job；职位Postulate；hypothesize；suggest 假定；表明Potent；powerful有力的Potential；possible有可能的Practical；usable 实际的；可用的Practically;nearly；almost几乎；差不多Pragmatic；practical 实用的；实际的Precarious；uncertain不确定的Precede；come before 先于…到来Precious；valuable宝贵的Precise；accurate；exact 准确的Precision；accuracy 精确；准确Prediction；expectation 预测；预期Predominant；principal 主要的Preeminent；important 杰出的；重要的Prefer；favor；喜欢Preponderance；majority（数量上的）优势，大多数Preposterous ；unbelievable 令人难以置信的Prerequisite；requirement 要求；先决条件Preserve；protect from destruction 保存；收到保护Preside over；manage 主持；管理Prestige；status 威望；地位Prestigious；highly regarded；distinguished 享有声望的Presumably；probably；supposedly大概；可能Prevail；dominate 流行；占主导地位Prevailing；most frequent；dominant 最常见的；主导的Prevalent；widespread 流行的；广泛的Primarily；chiefly 主要地Prime；principal；main主要的Primitive；undeveloped 未开发的Principal；main；major 主要的Prior to；before；preceding 在…之前Pristine；pure清新的；淳朴的Prize；value 重视Probe；explore 调查；探索Profound；far-reaching；deep 深远的；深刻的Progressive；increasing进步的；渐增的Progressively；increasingly；gradually 渐增地；逐渐地Project；estimate 推测；估计Proliferation；increase；growth 增长；增加Prolific；fruitful；productive 多产的Prolong；extend 延长Prolonged;lengthy 持续很久的；拖延的Prominent；leading；distinguished；eminent 突出的；杰出的Prominent；noticeable 显著的Promote；encourage 鼓励；促进Promptly；quickly 讯速地Prone；likely 倾向于…的Pronounced ；clear；definite；notable明显的；显著的Propagate；reproduce；multiply繁殖；大量增加Propel；push推进；推动Property；characteristic 特点Proponent；supporter支持者Propose；suggest 建议Propulsion；moving forward 推进；向前移动Prospect；possibility 可能性Prosper；flourish 繁荣；成功Provide；supply 提供Provided that；as long as 只要Provision；supply 供给Provoke；bring about；引起；激起Proxy；substitute 代替Pry off；remove 撬开；取出Pursue;chase 追求Q Quantifiable;measurable 可以量化的；可以测量的R Radically；extremely极端地Random；chance；unpredictable 随机的；不可预测的Range；vary；变化；变动Rapidity；swiftness 迅速Rare；infrequent；不经常的Rate；judge评判Rather；instead相反Rather than；instead of而不是Rational；sensible；logical理性的Raw；unprocessed 生的；未加工的Readily；easily 容易地Realization；awareness；recognition 认识；意识Realm；area 领域Rear；raise培养Reasonable；sufficient 合理的；足够的Rebound；recovery 恢复；反弹Receptive to；ready for 乐于…的Reconcile；compromise 调和Record；document 记录Refine；improve 改善Refreshing；unusual；清新的；不寻常的Regard；consider 认为Regardless of；no matter what；in spite of无论；尽管Regulate；control控制Relatively；comparatively 比较而言；相对地Release；emit释放Relevant；applicable 相关的；适用的Relics；remains 残余；残骸Reluctant；unwilling 不情愿的Rely；depend依赖Remarkable；extraordinary非凡的Remedy；cure 治疗方案Remnant；residue；remains残留物Remote；difficult toreach遥远的Render；make 使得Renowned；famous有名的Replenish；refill；restore重新装满；恢复Replete with；full of充满…的Representative；typical典型的Repudiate；reject 驳斥Resemble；look like；appear similar toResolve;find a solution for;解决Respectively；separately 分别地Response；reaction；反应Restrict；limit 限制Resume；begin again；restart重新开始Resurgence；comeback 复苏；再现Retain；maintain；keep 保持Retract；pull back 缩回Retrieve；recover找回Retrospect；look back 回顾Reveal；show揭示；表明Revere；respect 尊敬；尊重Revert；return 返回Revise；change改变Revitalize；bring new life to 复兴；使获得新生Revolutionize；dramatically change 彻底改变Rice-deficient portions；the parts that do not have enough rice 稻米供应不足的地方Rigidly；strictly 严格地Ritual；ceremonial 仪式的Rival；competing竞争的Robust；strong 强壮的Roll back; reduce 降低；减少Rot；decay；腐烂；腐败Rotate；turn；旋转Roughly；approximately；almost；大概；大约Rudiment；basis；基础Rudimentary；basic；基本的Rupture；burst；爆裂Rural；agricultural；乡村的SSample；example；样本；例子Sanitation；health；卫生Satisfy；fulfill；满足Save；except；除…之外Scale；climb；攀登Scarce；rare；limited ；稀有的；有限的Scatter；diffuse；disperse；分散Scenario；situation；情景Scented；fragrant；有气味的；芳香的Scheme；proposal 计划；方案。
托福阅读同义词替换
e n d u r in g =l a st in gp r e v a il in g =g e n e r a lly a c c e p te di n c r e d i b l e =im p os s ib l e to b e l ie veo b s o le te =ou t o f d a tes u it a b l e =a pp r o pr i a tea mb i t i ou s=im pr e ss iv e b u t d i ff ic u lt t o a c h ie vet a k e pr e c e d e n c e o ve r=h a v e g r e a te ri m p o r t an c e t h ans u r pl u s= e x c e ss q u an t it ye x hi b it s= d is p l ay se m b od y= in c or p o r ateu l ti m ate l y =e v e n tu all yv i r tu a ll y= N e ar l ys u s p e n d e d=f l o at in gr e p le n i s he d= r e s t or e dd r am at i c =st r ik in gd i st in c t i on= d i f fe r e n c er a pp o r t= b on dt h r i ll= e x c it e m e n tv i t a l it y= e n e r g ys pe c i f ie d= s t ate df o c u se d =c o n c e n tr a te di m m in e n t=ab ou t to h a p p e nr e fi n e m e n t= i m p r o ve m e n ts c at te r e d= w i d e ly se p a r at e ds pe c u l ate s=p u t s f or w a r d as a p o s si b il i ty t r e m e n d ou s= e n or m o u sh e n c e= t he r e f or ei m p l e m e n t =pu t i n t o e f fe c tp a r t i c u la r ly= e sp e c ial l ys c ar c e =s h or t in su pp l yp r in c i p a l l y = m a in l yc on tr o ve r s i a l =pr od u c in g d i s ag re e m e n t i n d u c e= c au se t hef or m at i on o ff u e l s =pr o v id e s e n e rg y f ori n e v it a b le= c e r t a in a c c o r d in g l y= c or r e s p o n d in g lyc lu s te r= g r o u pe n o r m ou s =hu g ep r e su m a b l y= i t is r e a s o n a b le to a s su m ep e r t in e n t =r e le v an ts u b d u e= d e f e atc o in c ide s w it h=oc c u r s at t he s am e t im e as j u s tif y= p r o v id e a r at i on a l b as i s f o rp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e dh i e r a r c h ic a l =h a v in g s e ve r a l le ve ls o fa u t h or it yc on s ti tu e n t s= c om p on e n t se x c a v at e d= d u g fr om t he g r ou n dc h a r ac t e r is t ic= t y p i c a la l t e r at i on= m od i f ic at i onh e n c e f or t h =f r om t hi s t im e ono b l ig e d=fo r c e dl a u n c h e d= s t ar te de n su r e =g u ar an te ei n c i te d=st im u l a te ds u b s ta n t i a l =c on s i d e r a b leo u twe i g hs= e x c e e d sc o l le c t i ve =g r ou pe r e c t in g= c on st r u c t in gc on se q u e n t= r e su lt in gr e i n fo r c e s= su p p o r t sd e va s t ate= d e s tr o ys i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m eu n in te n t i on a l = u n p la n n e da l t e r n a te= t ak e tu r n s a tr e g im e s= g o ve r n m e n t sa s u r g e o f=a s u d d e n in c r e a se i ns yn t he s iz in g= c om b in in ge le v a te d= r a i se dI n e ss e n c e=B as ic a l lyf e a s ib le= p r a c t i c a ls c a le =s iz ea d v oc a te d =pr om o te df o s te r e d= e n c ou r ag e df r ig i d =c ol dd e t e c te d= d i sc o ve r e de x t e n s i ve=la r g ea c c o u n t s f or= e x p l ain sr e m n an ts= r e m ai n d e r sr e m ot e =i so l a te dc i te d= m e n t i on e da g g r e g at i on s =g r ou p sl a t e r a l =s id el i t t le s h or t o f m ir a c u lo u s=a m az in g b e c au se a lm os t im p os s i b l ed e s ig n at i on= i d e n t i fi c a ti onc h a o t ic =d is or g an ize dr e t a in s =pr e se r ve sc on s t an t= c on t in u a lc o a le sc ed =c o l l ide de m i t te d= r e le a se dd e fi n i n g= i d e n t i fy in gd o me s t ic=h ou s e ho lds w i ft=f as ts i g n i f ic an t = c o n s id e r a b lem o d e s t= r e l at i ve l y sm a l lc on se q u e n t ly= T h e r e f o r ec om p on e n t= p ar tr e m ar k a b le =e x tr a or d in a r yc on f in ed to=l im ite d t or e l e n t le s s = u n c e a si n gd i f fu s i on =sp re ada u t on om ou s =in d e p e n d e n to b l ig e d= r e q u ir e dv a s t=hu g ea p p r e c i ate d= a p p r o ve dv i c in it y= su r r ou n d in g a r e aa c c i d e n t a l=b yc ha n c em o d i f y= c h an g e d r as t ic a l ly= e x te n s i ve l yp r o h ib i t=p r e ve n tu l ti m ate l y =f in a l lyk e p t p ac e w it h=m a tc h e d t he in c r e a se in c a p ac it y=av a i l ab le st o r ag e s p a c ei n e v it a b le= u n a v o i d ab l es u r p as s =e x c e e dp o n d e r =t h ou g h t ab o u tf u n d am e n t a l =b as icm an d at e d= r e q u ir e dp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e ds i g n i fy in g =in d i c at in gc e a sed =s to p pe dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e df u n c t i on= p u r p o sea l l e g e d =su p p o se dc on tr o ve r s i a l =de b a ta b lei n c on c l u s i ve= n ot d e c i si v ee l ab o r at e= w e ll d e ve l o p e dp i on e e r e d= in tr o d u c e ds u b se q u e n t =l a te rc om p r i se d= c on s is ted o fe n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dr e i n fo r c e=st r e n g t he np r o f ou n d=in te n seo b s o le te =ou t o f d a teo b sc u r e= l i t tl e k n ow na s s oc i a te s= c on n e c tse n c om p a s se s=in c lu d e ss t a t io n ar y= u n m ov in gh e n c e= t he r e f or ei r r e ve r s ib le= p e r m an e n tm on u m e n t al= e n o r m o u sm an i p u l ate=sk il l fu l ly u s e dp u r su e= p r e fe rs u b s is te n c e= su r vi v ale x p o se d= u n p r o te c te dw i t h n o w a r n i n g= w it h o u t an y in d ic a t i on b e f or e h an dc on g e st i on=ov e r c r o wd in ga l t e r e d =tr an s f or m e de m i t te d= r e le a se dr e t a r d in g= s l o wi n ga b u n d an t= p le n t i fu ls u s t a in= su pp o r tp i on e e r in g =or i g i n a ld i st in c t=se p a r a tee n a b li n g= a l l ow in gr e s tr ic te d =l im it e ds e ve r i ty=h ar s hn e ssc on g r e g at e =g at he rc on se q u e n t ly=As a r e su ltc om pr i se= c on si s t o fc on s ti tu e n t= c om p on e n tp r e d o m i n ate=ar e in t h e m aj or i tyg r ad u a l= s l owd i f fu se= s pre a dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e dd e fi c ie n c ie s= s h or t ag e se m e r g in g= a pp e ar in gB e si d e s =In ad d it i on t op r e oc c u p a t i on =c on c e r nc ou p led w it h= c om bine d w i t ha u t on om y=in d e pe n d e n c ec on s pi c u ou s= e a s il y n o ti c e de n d u r e =w i t h st an ds u r pl u s= e x t r at a sk= r e q u ir e m e n tu n f a v or a b le =d is a d va n t ag e ou st r ig g e r e d= in i t i ate ds e ve r e l y= g r e a t l yr e i n fo r c in g=st r e n g th e n in gl a u n c h e d= s t ar te dm e t h od i c a l l y =sy s te m a t ic a l a c c e le r a te= s p e e d u pi m p r o ve d= p e r fe c te dd e t e c t =se n sec on v in c i n g ly= p e r su a s i ve l ye lu s iv e =h a r d to i d e n t i fym a in te n an c e o f =su p p o r t in gi s o l a te d=se p a r ate d fr o m on e an o t he r o v e r w he lm e d =w as to o l a r g e f o rr e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lyp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice x c lu si ve l y= o n l ya c c u m u l at in g =c ol le c t in gc ou n te r =c om b a tb r e ak t hr ou g h =d e ve lo p m e n ts o p h is t ic a te d=h ig h ly d e ve l o p e ds u r g e =su d d e n in c r e a s ep r op o r t i on s =s iz es u s t a in= su p p o r tp e r s is te n t =l a st in gp r om o te =e n c ou r a g ec on tr ad ic t o r y= c on f l i c t in gm an i fe s ta t i on s = e x p r e s s io n sc u m u l at i ve= c om b i n e da p p ar e n t= n o ti c e ab lec o r r e sp onde d= e q u al e dn or m =c o m m ona d j a c e n t =n e arb yi n te r v a ls= p e r i od ic a ll yd i sc re t e =se p a r at ep r o li f ic=h ig h l y p r o d u c t i ves p ar se r = m o r e t h in l y d i st r ib u te de p is od e s=oc c u r r e n c e sp r op on e n t s= su p p o r t e r ss w i ft= q u i c ku n p r om i s in g= u n f a vo r a b l ea w e a l t h o f =an ab u n d anc e o fd e vo i d o f=l ac k in g ind i f fu s i on =sp re ado n g o in g =c o n t in u in gc o r r e sp ond s= m a tc he sc om p le x i t y =s op h is t ic a t i ona l l o w in g= r e su l tin g ind i st o r t i on s =ir re g u l ar i t ie st e m p or ar i ly= b r ie f lyp e c u l i ar= u n u su a lp l e n t i fu l= n u m e r ou se m e r g e n c e= r i ser ou t in e l y =r e g u l a r l yd i st in c t i ve= c h ar a c te r i st i ct h e r e b y =c o n se q u e n t l ys u it a b l e =a pp r o p r i a teg e n e r a l l y = u su a l lyt e n d in g =t ak in g c ar e o fr u d im e n t ar y= e le m e n t ar ya k in t o =s im il a r t oo c c a s i on a ll y= s om e t im e si n g e n u it y= i n v e n t i ve n e s st a n g ib le=p hy s ic a ls e q u e n c e s= se r ie sc on v e r te d= c h an g e da p p r o x i m at in g = e s tim a t in gs u b se q u e n t ly=l ate re q u i va le n t= c om p ar ab l ee x p l o it a t i on = u sea l t o g e t he r=fu ll ys te a d il y= a t an u n v ar y in g r at ec on c e n tr a ti o n s=de n s e g r o u p in g sr e fl e c t =in d i c ateo b sc u r e=hi d eu n f a v or a b le =n e g a t iv ep u r su e= e n g a g e inc om p ar a b l e =s im il a re x t r e m e= g r e a tU p on r e f le c t i on =A f te r c on si d e r a t i on c on su l t =a ske x p e l le d =lef t b yp r om p te d =s ti m u l ate de x p l ic i t= c le a r l y e x p r e s se di m p l y= su g g e s te n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dp e c u l i ar t o = u n i q u e t oe x e r t= p u tf or t ha p p ar e n t l y =se e m i n g l ya s t on i s hm e n t= su r p r i s ev i r tu a ll y= n e ar l yI n r e tr o s p e c t =l o ok in g b ac kp r om p t s =s ti m u la te sp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice ve n tu a l ly=in t he e n dr e c a ll= r e m e m b e rs p e c i f i c a l l y =p r e c i se l yu n d ou b te d l y= c e r t a in l yt e c hn i c a l l y =sc ie n t i fic a l ly c l a s si f ie d ass u p p le m e n t ar y= e x tr as u b t le= n ot o b v i ou sp a v e d t he w a y f or = m a d e p o ss i b l ew i p e d ou t= k il le d o ffa s s au l ts on=at t ac k s o no n se t=b e g in n in gi m m e d i ate l y ap p ar e n t=o b v i ou sR e n o w n e d=F a m ou se n g ag e s in= p e r fo r m sg i g an t ic=ve r y b i gv u ln e r ab le= d e f e n s e le sss t r ain=st r e s sv a l u ab le=im p o r t an tN e e d le ss t o s a y =o b v i o u s l ya d h e s i ve= s t ic k ye n su r e =g u ar an te ec om p on e n t s =p ar tsN e v e r t he le s s=ho w e v e ri n e v it a b ly= n e c e s s ar i l yw i d e sp r e ad am on g= f o u n d t h r o u g h ou t t h e b o d ie s o fi n t ac t= w h o les u b s ta n t i a l ly= s i g n ifi c an t lya c c e s s ib le= r e ac h ab les t im u l a te d= e n c ou r ag e de n g ag e d =p ar t ic ip a te de x p l o it a t i on = u sed e t e r m in an ts= c au se sh a s te n e d= r u s he dd i f fu s i on =sp re adp e r fe c t e d= c om pl e te dr e m n an ts= r e m ai n se x ot ic=f or e ig nd o m i n a te= c on tr o lc on te m p or a r y s oc ie tie s=e x i sted at t he s am e t i m er e c og n iz e d= a c c e p te ds i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m ed i sm is se d =r e j e c t e de le v a te d=h ig he x e r c i se d =a p p l ie de m e r g e n c e= r i set a c ti c =st r at e g yt h u s= c on se q u e n t lys t a g n at i on= l a c k o f g r ow t hs u s t a in e d = c o n t in u e di m p l ic a t i on s= c on se q u e n c e se x c lu si ve l y= s o le lyp o te n t i a l =p os s ib lef a v o r ab le=ad v an t ag e ou sa mb i g u ou s =u nc le arc on v e y= t r an s m i ta c c o u n t e d f or= e x p la i n e dc on s ide r ab l y =s ig n i fi c an t lys t r i k i n g= n ot e w or t hyf o r m e r l y= d e s ir a b ler e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lya c c e n tu at e d= i n te n s if i e d。
托福阅读同义词大全
托福阅读同义词大全为了帮助考生对托福阅读考试内容更加熟悉，在考试中取得更加理想的成绩，店铺为大家带来托福阅读同义词大全，希望对大家备考冲刺有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注店铺 !托福阅读同义词大全1 abandon = give up 放弃，中止2 abrupt = sudden 突然的，出其不意的3 abundant = plentiful, ample 充裕的，丰富的4 accede = assent, agree 同意，答应5 accessible = reachable 易使用的6 account for = explain 解释，说明7 accumulate = collect 积累，集聚8 acquit = release 宣判…无罪9 adequate = enough 足够的，充分的10 adhere = stick, cling 黏附，附着11 adroit = dexterous 灵巧的12 advent = arrival 出现，带来13 affluent = wealthy, better-off 富裕的，富足的14 aimless = purposeless 无目的的，没有目标的15 aggravate = worsen, exacerbate 使恶化16 agile = quick and active (思维)机敏的17 alternate = rotate 轮流，交替18 amplify = enlarge 放大19 ample = sufficient 充足的，充裕的20 analogous = similar 相似的，类似的21 ancient = early 古老的，年代久远的22 apart from = except for 除…以外23 arid = dry, barren 干燥的，干旱的24 aroma = fragrance 芳香，香气，香味25 arise = emerge 引起，产生26 astute = shrewd 精明的，敏锐的27 aspire = desire, crave 渴望，渴求28 asset = advantage 有利条件;长处29 assess = evaluate 评定，评价30 assist = aid, help 协助，帮助31 assume = suppose 假定，假设，认为32 assure = guarantee 向…保证，使确信33 attain = win 得到，获得34 attest = confirm 证明，作为(…的)证据35 augment = increase 加强;提高36 authentic = reliable 可靠的，真实的37 available = obtainable 可获得的;可用的38 avenue = means 途径，方法39 barely = scarcely 几乎不40 basic = fundamental, essential 基本的，基础的41 believe = be convinced 相信42 benevolent = beneficent 仁慈的，仁爱的43 bewilder = puzzle, baffle 使迷惑，使迷茫44 brawl = quarrel 争吵45 captivate = fascinate, allure, lure, attract 使着迷，迷住46 cardinal = fundamental 基本的47 cargo = shipment 货物48 catastrophe = disaster 灾难49 celebrated = famous, well-known 著名的，出名的50 central = middle 中心的，中部的51 chaotic = unorganized 混乱的，毫无秩序的新托福阅读题型特点简介：基础信息题+篇章应用题一、基础信息题具体分析起来，新托福阅读基础信息题中除插话题和修辞目的题外，主要仍是旧托福出现过的传统题型。
托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析
托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析在托福备考中，托福阅读考试当中词汇题占据了三分之⼀的题时，所以这种题型是需要考⽣进⾏重点备考的。
今天智课⼩编为⼤家整理的是托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析⼀⽂，希望可以帮助正在备考的⼩伙伴们，更多精彩内容尽在店铺。
托福阅读词汇题同义词替换解析elaborate=complexelaborate=develop对于这组词汇，很多同学在初次遇见时，很难直接把他们进⾏同义的对应。
complex和develop的意思⼤家应该还是⽐较明确的，但是elaborate的确切含义很多同学其实不是很清楚，即使是背过也只是脑海中有个模糊的意思，记得好像，⼤概，也许是指“详细地……”这类意思。
很多同学会觉得“详细地……”和“复杂的”以及“发展”看起来并没有什么同义的关系。
其实elaborate作为形容词时的意思是made or done with great care or with much detail; marked by complexity精⼼制作的复杂的;作为动词时的意思是to give more details about something; to bring something to a more advanced or developed state详细制定，详尽阐述从它的英⽂释义中就不难看出它和complex以及develop的同义之处了。
respectively=in that orderWind pollination does, of course, require a lot of pollen. Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin, respectively.The word "respectively" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. over timeB. separatelyC. in that orderD. consistently对于这组词汇，想必⼤家疑惑的是respectively这个词。
托福阅读词义替换表汇总
托福阅读词义替换表汇总为了帮助大家熟悉托福阅读词汇题，为大家带来托福阅读词汇题同义替换表一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。
更多精彩尽请关注!托福阅读词义替换表1monumentaladj. 不朽的;纪念碑的;非常的enormousadj. 庞大的，巨大的;凶暴的，极恶的elaborateadj. 精心制作的;详尽的;煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作;详细阐述;从简单成分合成(复杂有机物)vi. 详细描述;变复杂substantiatevt. 证实;使实体化confirmvt. 确认;确定;证实;批准;使巩固Refinementn. 精制;文雅;[化工][油气][冶] 提纯suppressvt. 抑制;镇压;废止definevt. 定义;使明确;规定identifyvt. 确定;鉴定;识别，辨认出;使参与;把…看成一样vi. 确定;认同;一致apparentadj. 显然的;表面上的seeminglyadv. 看来似乎;表面上看来curiousadj. 好奇的，有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的criticaladj. 鉴定的;[核] 临界的;批评的，爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的essentialadj. 基本的;必要的;本质的;精华的n. 本质;要素;要点;必需品fundamentallyadv. 根本地，从根本上;基础地boostvt. 促进;增加;支援vi. 宣扬;偷窃n. 推动;帮助;宣扬flourishn. 兴旺;茂盛;挥舞;炫耀;华饰vt. 夸耀;挥舞vi. 繁荣，兴旺;茂盛;活跃;处于旺盛时期prospervi. 繁荣，昌盛;成功vt. 使……成功;使……昌盛;使……繁荣thrivevi. 繁荣，兴旺;茁壮成长favorableadj. 有利的;良好的;赞成的，赞许的;讨人喜欢的elusiveadj. 难懂的;易忘的;逃避的;难捉摸的allegevt. 宣称，断言;提出…作为理由excavatevt. 挖掘;开凿vi. 发掘;细查托福阅读词义替换表21. imaginative=creative2. constant=unchanging3. discard=abandon4. suspicion=distrust5. flexible=adaptable; bendable6. cramped=confined7. static=unchanging8. outweigh=exceed9. consensus=agreement10. document=record11. merely=only; simply12. lucrative=profitable13. context=environment14. a wealth of=abundant15. drastic/drastically=severe; radical/dramatically16. sphere=area; side17. modest=relatively small18. relics=remains19. sufficient=adequate; enough; rich20. an insight into=an understanding of21. case in point=good example22. indigenous=native23. conflicting=contradictory; opposing24. adopt=start to use25. momentous=very important26. ample=plentiful27. assume=take on生词表imaginativeadj. 富于想象的;有创造力的constantadj. 不变的;恒定的;经常的n. [数] 常数;恒量discardvt. 抛弃;放弃;丢弃vi. 放弃n. 抛弃;被丢弃的东西或人abandonn. 放任;狂热vt. 遗弃;放弃suspicionn. 怀疑;嫌疑;疑心;一点儿vt. 怀疑distrustvt. 不信任n. 不信任怀疑bendable可弯曲的crampn. 痉挛，绞痛;[五金] 铁夹钳vt. 束缚，限制;使…抽筋;以铁箍扣紧adj. 狭窄的;难解的;受限制的confinen. 界限，边界;约束;限制vt. 限制;禁闭staticadj. 静态的;静电的;静力的n. 静电;静电干扰outweighvt. 比…重(在重量上);比…重要;比…有价值consensusn. 一致;舆论;合意lucrative。
托福同义词替换大全
托福写作同义词转换国内考生常用的表达=高分表达（一）名此类：1.things that one tries hard to《。
=名1司one's undertakings/ one's commitments2.The fact is that.. .=The reality is that...3.joy =happiness/ delight/ enjoyment4.sadness =sorrow/ grief hazard/ peril （后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同… 般）5.danger ［派生］dangerous； hazardouscation -schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting）［区分］家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角由说的，比如children^ upbringing；而parenting 是从家长的角度来说，比如sensible parenting.7.advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。
其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化，比如commercials （电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers （传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“135****,办证”），billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements^ public-interest advertisements （公益广告）9.car ^automobile10.economic crisis = economic meltdown （彳艮接近）/recession （这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression （这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了）11.famous people^ celebrities （单数为celebrity （娱乐界）名人；名声）^eminent person（知名人士）12.human beings （备考生使用过多）=humankind= humanity （注意这个词的单数指人类，复数指人文学科）/the human race13.wealth ［相关］=fortune（s）（fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数）wealthy/ affluent （adj.）富裕的14.rich skill ［派生］skilled~technique（注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法，而不是technology科技）adept/ adroit （adj.）15. a solution to sth.= method= methodology （国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）16.range = field = sphere （of activity or interest, the sphere of international politics） / domain 领域/ arena 舞台二grasp of? command of option17.cooperation -collaboration18.basic structure in a city or a country ^infrastructure19.tiredness = fatigue "疲劳，疲乏"20.is a must of =is a prerequisite for （是.. 的必备先决条件）21.the Internet -the information highway（—篇考生作文里Internet 被使用十几次是常事儿）22.honesty ~ integrity “诚实，正直"=veracity23.strong belief = faith （in）24.for a particular purpose = aim = intention25.worries = anxieties （是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）26.influence ^impact/ / implication/ repercussion 反响^reflection27.influence on each other = mutual influence （类彳以的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust 和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay betweenA and B28.many different kinds of...= a variety of.,./ a wide array of.../ a wide range of...29.wrong ideas held by many people = misconceptions prestige/ sterling30 .fame= reputation -spectrum - recognition component （这个词不仅扌旨零件，在学术写作中也经常指"部分"）［相关］sensible （adj.） disparity - a mechanism for a remedy for sth.（生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）31.bad students- unruly students （不守规矩的学生）/ disruptive students （不遵守记录的学生）32.bad behavior = unethical behavior/ immoral behavior （不道德行为）anizations that help poor people ^charities/ charitable organizations34.difference ［派生］^distinctionbe different from = be distinct from （adj.）35.person^ individual36.personality- disposition37.businesses ^enterprises （这里扌旨企业）38.prices that are too high = exorbitant prices 价格过高的（exorbitant housing price）39.the rate of...= the incidence of...（后面…般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/a disease）40.intense enthusiasm = zeal 热衷（v. zeal for teaching /n. great zeal） / passion 热爱（have a passion for）41.cultural globalization文化全球化（有过多人使用这个词）=global cultural homogenization全球文化同一化过程42. a thing that is necessary = a necessity43. a thing that is new and interesting = a novelty44. a thing that is rare = a rarity45.things that people are not sure about = uncertainties46. a world language = a universal language47.friends = companions48.relaxation- recreation49.self-respect respect sb./ sth.- self-esteem and dignity = hold sb./ sth. in high regard ［反义］look down on.. treat... with contempt = despise （v.）49.self-control =self-discipline50.criminal prisoner = convict inmate51.drinks people who walk on the street = alcoholic beverages52.old generations in history = pedestrians ancestors53. a person who benefits from sth,= a beneficiary of sth.54. a disease that spreads quickly = an epidemic （注意这个词虽然是・ic 结尾，却不是形容词）55. a very unpleasant way of life= misery56. a task that requires lots of effort = an arduous task57.emotion- sentiment68.enemy- opponent/ foe69. a way to do sth. an approach to doing sth./ an avenue towards sth.70.narrow minds ^insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）71.hobby- pastime/ diversion 消遣，分散注意力72.Progress= progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于society/ career/ technology 的话题）73.failure ^setback （注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）74.importance = significance （当你用了一次importance 之后，第二次不妨用这个）-75.duty = obligation （用于比较重要的责任）76.difficulty = hindrance 妨碍/ impediment 阻碍/ hurdles77.pressure from your classmates = peer pressure78.citizens who can work problems =labor force/ workforce （都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）79.diseases that exist for a long time ^persistent problems/ chronic diseases80. a life without regular exerciser a sedentary lifestyle81.result= consequence （表示消极的结果更多一些）82.the lack of knowledge - considerations ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）85.bad luck = misfortune86.trouble =adversity 逆境，不幸/ dilemma 困境/ predicament/ hardship87.crime ^delinquency offense/ criminal actcriminal ^offender/serious crime- culprit/ = perpetrator heinous crime/ felony aa minor crime =misdemeanor scarcity （of）/88.youth- juvenile89.shortage （of） ^dearth （of）= lack of "缺乏"90.the only one places where animals live = habitat "栖息地”91.residents^ inhabitants 居民townsman 市民=dwellers92.free time= spare time= leisure^ vacation = relaxationputer^（二）形容词类91.very popular -prevalent/ ubiquitous 普遍存在的92.true= genuine （truly a genuinely）93.deep= profound （深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/ truths/ understanding/ impact/ thoughts ）94.strong = powerful/ mighty ~ vulnerablehard-workings industrious "勤勉的"（注意不是industrial,而diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）」95.selfish^ self-centered96.practical = materialistic97.proud （贬义）^conceited98.smart = intelligent= be versatile99.not strict = lenient "宽大的，仁慈的"100.admirable = esteemed 令人尊敬的entire= highly-respected101.mature- realistic sophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）102.very attractive^ very appealing/ fascinating/ captivating103.very careful ^cautious 小心的104.sad= disappointing ^frustrating 沮丧的105.cruel- inhumane/ merciless 残酷的106.strict^ stringent 严厉的（后面一般跟laws, measures 或者rules） 107. fat = overweight/ obese （后面这个已经胖出病了）108.be very interested =be absorbed in/ be engrossed in 有兴趣109.quiet = tranquil安静的and serene （美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）110.very disappointing =lamentable 可怜的/ pathetic 可怜的感伤的96.be good （for）= be beneficial （to） = be in the best interests （of）97.be not as good as = be inferior to 不如...好98.be better than = be superior to 比...好99.be the same = be identical 完全相同的/ be homogenous/ be uniform （后面两个词比较正式，一般是说cultural globalization的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫school uniforms 了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）100.boring- monotonous/ repetitive mundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum单调的无聊的Strange= complicated = intricate odd/ bizarre/ eccentric （weird 有/点过于口语化了）interesting- stimulating101.cannot be turned back= be irreversible102.produce useful results = productive103.different" distinctive 与久不同的=diverse /various 各种各样的派生：differently^ distinctively伤上People are paid distinctively by their contributions104.often= frequently 经常=constantly 不断地（One frequently citied the fact that...）105.106.107 most suitable = fitting合适的，适宜的/ optimal最佳的，最理想的108.lonely = isolated/ alienated solitary109.be easily influenced by sth.=be susceptible to sth.（一般是坏事情，比如 a disease/ attacks ）eless ^redundant110.110.famous= distinguished = renowned 著名的，有声望的111.positive -desirable 令人满意的/ encouraging112.happy enjoyable = delighted delightful113.can be used = be available114.hard to understand （laws/ rules/ people） = bewildering/ baffling/ confusing "不解，困惑”116.115.healthy = wholesome （注意说人的健康还是要用healthy,但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome “合乎卫生的，健全的”）116.Good for the environment = eco-friendly （比如Biking is far more eco-friendly than driving their SUVs.）117.be familiar with = be well-acquainted with118.nervous/ anxious = apprehensive 忧虑的，不安的・disturbing119.doubt sth = be skeptical about sth. -quintessential （这个语气非常强）120.fair = justified121.unfair^ unwarranted/ unjustifiable122.huge ^enormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal> numerous （注意要F艮可数名词）123.small =tiny/ miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名词）/124.have many different abilities =be well-rounded 面面俱到，多才多艺的proper = appropriate precise/ ~ accurate unsightly125.poor-quality = substandard 不符合规格的（housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines）126.in be qualified for =be eligible for 合格的，符合条件的127.the present... = the current.../ the existing...（比如the current financial crisis/the existing environmental problems）128.outdated = antiquated 废弃，过时的/ obsolete 废弃的，老式的131.129.lead an extravagant/ a lavish life130.progressive （开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容government或者society）131.sth. must be carried out = sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory 强制的132.continuing with long history = time-honored （后面经常跟抽象名词，比如tradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）133.forever = perpetual 永久的134.important = significant/essential/vital（这三个词的重要性依次递增）135.-142.wrong = erroneous错误的，不正确的143.long and a bit annoying =lengthy144.very difficult = daunting令人怯步的，使人畏缩的/ formidable强大的，可怕的，艰难的145.being spread in uncontrolled way= rampant 猖獗的（后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime, pollution 或者discrimination）146.148.having wrong opinions including many things = skewed 歪斜的/ biased （这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）149.enough = comprehensive （综合的，全面的）adequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant注意这四个（词的语气是逐渐递增的）complete（adj.）完全的完整的150 .too much= excessive151. very little= minimal （注意不是minimum）152.153.154.urgent = pressing （problems）155.- -manage sth. ~ perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是"从事"）156.make sth. strongs 动词strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.157.make sth. better ^enhance/ better/boost （很少看到国内考生用better 当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达）become more than = exceed/ surpass /grow fast = grow dramatically/ soar/ rocketfall fast = fall drastically/ plunge/ plummetcause bad effects=counterproductive “达不到预期目的的"（其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive）harm （vt.）［派生］harmful ［派生］be harmful to = damage^ destroy/ ruin （这两个词比damage 程度更重）（后面足艮the cityscape/ scenery/ spoil environment）undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如stability/ social order/ harmony） jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one*s future/ one*s career）tarnish 使失去光泽，玷污（后面跟one，s reputation/image）sap 伤元气，使衰竭/ dampen 抑制（后面跟one's enthusiasm/interest/confidence）make sth. worse = aggravate/ exacerbate 使加居lj sth.cause bad effects=counterproductive “达不到预期目的的"（其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive）make sth. weak = weaken/ erode （侵蚀）/control...（a negative trend） curb 扌中制...（crime/ pollution/ economic recessions）-regulate sth./oversee sth. emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）=refrain from doing sth.84. adverse effect 禾利的影响^detrimental 不利的，有害的（a（y.） ~ pose a threat to decrease^ decline/ dwindle特指逐渐缓慢的减少）dip/ slip （/（后两个词用来指短促的下降）reduce = diminish使减少（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）increase = augment增大（多用于政府投资类话题）lead to= act as a catalystA has made B+adj.= A has rendered B+adj./ n.致使（这里的宾语B 后面只能是跟形容词或者名词）A has madeB do sth.= A has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth.（注意这两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略to）much higher^ considerably/ substantially 大体上，实质上/ significantly higher a little higher = marginally ［'ma:d3inoli］少量地，最低限地higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally 极小地，微小地higher160.begin = initiate （后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict）/commence 161.stop =cease162.do not appear = disappear = go extinct ^evaporate 蒸发，消失啊！]. I am a somewhat shy individual, but I have found that within the medical environment my shyness evaporates.163.set...free = release （prisoners/ stress）164.fail to see ^neglect/ overlook165.narrow^ bridge the gap between A and B（注意这里bridge 作动词） [反义]widen the gap between A and B166.be forced to do sth. = be compelled to do sth.167.keep complaining about sth. = grumble ['gtAmbl] about sth. “抱怨"168.try hard to do sth. -pursue sth.（one's goal/one's career/ business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony）carry out = implement 使生效turn...into...= convert ...to/ into...spread = propagate 传播，宣传/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief 这类名词）flourish/ thrivedevelop （这里作"培cultivate/ foster/ nurture （这三个词后面经常跟和养”的意思教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues ）湘关] fast-developing burgeoning 萌芽的adopt （注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，accept采纳的意思）build = construct gather measure teach sth.garner『ga:no] “获得”，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen gauge,比measure 稍正式一点-impart sth./ inculcate ['inkAlkeit 谆谆教导sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要善换）start = create^ initiate "开始，创造”多用于政府类话题generate （一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity）breed （一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/resentment） spawn （一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations ）support = espouse [Pspauz]支持，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion （作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction 66制裁，处罚，认可支持”（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）praise- compliment/ extol （后面这个语气很强）be worthy of sth 二 deserve sth.值得拥有...例J： she deserves our praise and appreciationsupport- buttress 支持物，扶壁/ bolster 支持prove= confirm verify 核证，查实understand... to mean.../ to be... choose sth./ choose to do sth. appear in large numbers use- utilize/exploit recycle work assiduouslygain篇acquire （注意acquire/ gain knowledge 比learn knowledge 在地道英文中更加常见）consider = contemplate/ reflect on/ pondermeet = encounter,多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题provide = afford sth.（在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示"提供” need= require （注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need,但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）raise = elevate使振奋情绪，就是正式版的raise,但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思like sth. very much - have an affinity for sth./have a strong attachment to sth.be unhappy about= complain about （v.）/ be discontended with （adj.）ask for= requestlook like sth.= resemble sth.treat.. .poorly = mistreat.../ abuse... "虐待"consider sth. valuable = value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth."珍惜，珍藏某物"=maintain/ preserve （这个词后面经常F艮traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources 等）keep mix... together = blend/ combine/ synthesize tackle/ combat/ address discern interpret...as...（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把...理解为 ....）opt for sth./ opt to do sth.achieve= fulfill （one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/ one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task） sprout up/ mushroommake... less serious= relieve/ ease/ alleviate （作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion 等）pay...for （one's loss）= compensate...for...try to do sth.= attempt to do sth. make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.contribute to = reward...for.../ pay...for （one's effort）accelerate sth./ speed up sth. participate in prevail over make sth. faster （大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）promote/ facilitate （这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to） prevent the development of = hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct...notice- identify -motivate sb. to adore sth.dislike sth. very much= hate= abhor/ detest/ loathe resent/ hold a grudge against avoid- bypass/ eschew 避开/ limit = restrict/ constrainis not limited to...= shun is not restricted to.../ is not confined to...（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）be so surprised= be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled decide = determine 下决，L、move to...= relocate to...重新安置/ have been relocated to...come from...= originate from/ in...improve^ boost/ enhance （t匕如boost solidarity 增进团结/ enhance productivity 提高生产率）waste= use... lavishlyattack = assail u着手解决，质问”（语气更强烈）curtail “剥夺特权，缩减”（多用于政府投资类话题）/help= assist assistanceset up = establishchange = alterchange... a lot = fundamentally change.../radically change.../ transform...solve ^address/ combatcorrect （vt.）= rectify （a mistake）take down = demolish拆除，破坏/ raze拆毁（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）ban... altogether/strictly/prohibit...criticize = condemn/ denounce这两个词一般用于政府类话（题，但不要用在教育类）increase = show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trend hinge on= be contingent on （意思是：取决于）depend on = rely on （意思是：依靠. ）deal with = cope withdo one's best to do sth.= commit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do one's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.use up = exhaust （energy/ resources）/ stretch （resources） to the limit report the details of sth. = report sth. In graphic detailprevent sb. from focusing on...= distract sb. from...spend A on B~ dedicate A to Buse too much... = stretch... to the limit/ put a strain on...pour= discharge 排放，（环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）get used to = get accustomed todie out = go extinctcontinue to exist ^persistcome with...= be attended by / be accompanied by...broaden one's horizons = expand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision （broaden one's horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值）」break the law = violate the lawput sb. In prison = incarcerate sb.make laws against... = legislate against...［相关］lawlegislation （名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation 不能用复数）obey 服从,顺从=abide by/ comply with/ conform to （后面跟the law/ rules/ regulations 等）commit a crime （注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不地道的英文）revert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）punish ［派生］punishment p enalize 处罚penalty 罚金make sth. active = stimulate （后面经常F艮imagination/ creativity/ interest/ economic growth 等词V匚）make one's dream come true = fulfill one's potential/ attain one's goalhave the right to do sth.= be entitled to do sth.stick to = adhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）meet the demand/ satisfy the needtake... away from sb.= deprive sb. of...（省略号中可以填入freedom/ leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容）伤!I： Traffic congestion and environmental pollution deprive city-dwellers of the healthy living condition.交通拥堵和环境污染剥夺了诚实居住者健康的生活环境enable sb. to get a clear perspective of go astray （作文中如果写青少年"误入歧途"，就不要再写get lost）spend too much time on = be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessed with （这三个词组的语气越来越强）prepare for... = pave the way for.../ lay the groundwork for.../ lay a solid foundation for...（为...・.・打好基础）〜break the balance A and B = upset the balance strike a balance between A and B （在A 和B之间争取一种平衡）catch = capture 抓住，捕获think... as =regard...as/view...as/perceive...asget rid of = eliminate/ remove abolish （多用于政府类话题，废除）make... higher = drive up （后面经常F艮the crime rate/ unemployment rate）more and more +adj.副词Increasingly+adj.但要注意如果后面不是adj.而是noun,那么就可以用an increasing number of （跟可数名词）/an increasing amount of （跟不可数名词）来代替primarily/ principally/、、mainly = chieflyIn the old days,..Traditionally,.../ Historically,...now- currentlyActually户Technically,...（严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常棒的词语）very soon ^immediately/not often at all = rarelycompletely^ entirelydo sth. without careful thought = do sth. Impulsivelyblindly = indiscriminately （不加选择的）/mechanically （机械的）only a little/a bit- merely （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）somewhat （注意只有a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）mainly =primarily/ principally/ chiefly 短语或句型about= regarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ with regard to before^ prior to...a few = a handful of （iW注意仅指少数时a couple of容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化）Although..., the real situation is...=Hypothetically,.../ Theoretically,.../ In theory/ Ideally,...—But in reality, .../ But in actuality,.../ But in practice,...（Ideally 指“理想化地说"）Most young people...needs to be changed = Young people tend to...= Young peopletypically... （tend to和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）is crying out for reform （固定短语）be punished by the law = be brought to justicedo sth. together = make a concerted effort to do sth.It is common for sb. to =It is standard practice for sb. to...is based on... = is predicted on...have no choice but to... = have no option but to.../ have no alternative but to...be worthwhile = ...be worth the effortand so on = etc.（前面可加逗号）is closely connected through = is intrinsically linked to...by way of （介词短语）on the whole= overallin this aspect =in this regard= in this respect （这里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面）not with standing （请注意这三个词都是后面不是紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句）because of= due to/ owing to （新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常是跟负面含义的名词）before （时间）=prior toin fact= as a matter of fact = in essence/ essentially （in essence/ essentially 的意思是“本质上”）besides apart fromabout/ around = approximatelyIt is obvious that... = It is evident that...stops.= sth. comes to a standstillbe similar to... = be akin to...（学术写作中相当常见的句型）A is as adj asB = A is equally +adj. = A be comparable to B 同等的，相当的伤!] Teachers should be paid as much as those of doctors, lawyers or business leaders. =...should be paid equally much to those be paid comparable to those...It is impossible that...= It is highly unlikely that...sth. does not always remain the same.= sth. is not carved in stone （某事物并非一成不变）A high percentage of... = The proportion of... is very high.（....的比伤！J 彳艮高）The cause of... is ... =can be attributed to/ can be ascribed to...（可以归因于..・）=no matter =despite/ in spite of = regardless of/ irrespective of （注意no matter 后面一般F艮从句，regardless of和irrespective of后而面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）talking about.../ speaking of= in terms of...（经常用来限制一个命题的适用范围，比如In terms of culture, this city is fascinating. But in terms of traffic, it is inferior.）。
托福阅读句子要点题把握逻辑关系稳抓同义替换
托福阅读句子要点题把握逻辑关系稳抓同义替换托福阅读句子要点题：把握逻辑关系，稳抓同义替换托福阅读句子要点题又称托福阅读句子简化题，顾名思义是对长难句的简化筛出句子最精华的要点，一般出题形式是在文章中高亮标示出一个句子，要求考生选择与原文基本信息最接近的选项，这类题目的提问方式一般为：“Which is the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.”句子简化题的出题思路一般分为两类：一是对长难句的化繁为简，即原句比较长，逻辑关系复杂，选项只保留了原句的主要信息，而省略了原句的次要信息(如同位语、例子)等;二是对相对简单的句子的同义改写，即原句难度不大，逻辑关系简单，选项是原句的同义改写。
从做题方法上来说，对于第二种出题思路的题目，考生应该采用通读的办法，在理解原句意思的基础上再答题。
而针对第一种出题思路的题目，考生一般把握住原句的几个关键点就可以见微知著，找到破句子简化题的良方。
对于句子简化题，有一些题目如果句子不长，我们做题的基本原则就是：同义替换。
找到原句中的关键词在选项当中进行同义替换。
如：In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.先来看题干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.该题要求从选项中选择一个能够表达原文阴影句子核心信息的句子。
托福考试阅读同义词替换-归类
e n d u r in g =l a st in gp r e v a il in g =g e n e r a lly a c c e p te di n c r e d i b l e =im p os s ib l e to b e l ie veo b s o le te =ou t o f d a tes u it a b l e =a pp r o pr i a tea mb i t i ou s=im pr e ss iv e b u t d i ff ic u lt t o a c h ie vet a k e pr e c e d e n c e o ve r=h a v e g r e a te ri m p o r t an c e t h ans u r pl u s= e x c e ss q u an t it ye x hi b it s= d is p l ay se m b od y= in c or p o r ateu l ti m ate l y =e v e n tu all yv i r tu a ll y= N e ar l ys u s p e n d e d=f l o at in gr e p le n i s he d= r e s t or e dd r am at i c =st r ik in gd i st in c t i on= d i f fe r e n c er a pp o r t= b on dt h r i ll= e x c it e m e n tv i t a l it y= e n e r g ys pe c i f ie d= s t ate df o c u se d =c o n c e n tr a te di m m in e n t=ab ou t to h a p p e nr e fi n e m e n t= i m p r o ve m e n ts c at te r e d= w i d e ly se p a r at e ds pe c u l ate s=p u t s f or w a r d as a p o s si b il i ty t r e m e n d ou s= e n or m o u sh e n c e= t he r e f or ei m p l e m e n t =pu t i n t o e f fe c tp a r t i c u la r ly= e sp e c ial l ys c ar c e =s h or t in su pp l yp r in c i p a l l y = m a in l yc on tr o ve r s i a l =pr od u c in g d i s ag re e m e n t i n d u c e= c au se t hef or m at i on o f f u e l s =p r o v id e s e n e rg y f ori n e v it a b le= c e r t a ina c c o r d in g l y= c or r e s p o n d in g lyc lu s te r= g r o u pe n o r m ou s =hu g ep r e su m a b l y= i t is r e a s o n a b le to a s su m ep e r t in e n t =r e le v an ts u b d u e= d e f e atc o in c ide s w it h=oc c u r s at t he s am e t im e as j u s tif y= p r o v id e a r at i on a l b as i s f o rp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e dh i e r a r c h ic a l =h a v in g s e ve r a l le ve ls o fa u t h or it yc on s ti tu e n t s= c om p on e n t se x c a v at e d= d u g fr om t he g r ou n dc h a r ac t e r is t ic= t y p i c a la l t e r at i on= m od i f ic at i onh e n c e f or t h =f r om t hi s t im e ono b l ig e d=fo r c e dl a u n c h e d= s t ar te de n su r e =g u ar an te ei n c i te d=st im u l a te ds u b s ta n t i a l =c on s i d e r a b leo u twe i g hs= e x c e e d sc o l le c t i ve =g r ou pe r e c t in g= c on st r u c t in gc on se q u e n t= r e su lt in gr e i n fo r c e s= su p p o r t sd e va s t ate= d e s tr o ys i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m eu n in te n t i on a l = u n p la n n e da l t e r n a te= t ak e tu r n s a tr e g im e s= g o ve r n m e n t sa s u r g e o f=a s u d d e n in c r e a se i ns yn t he s iz in g= c om b in in ge le v a te d= r a i se dI n e ss e n c e=B as ic a l lyf e a s ib le= p r a c t i c a ls c a le =s iz ea d v oc a te d =pr om o te df o s te r e d= e n c ou r ag e df r ig i d =c ol dd e t e c te d= d i sc o ve r e de x t e n s i ve=la r g ea c c o u n t s f or= e x p l ain sr e m n an ts= r e m ai n d e r sr e m ot e =i so l a te dc i te d= m e n t i on e da g g r e g at i on s =g r o u psl a t e r a l =s id el i t t le s h or t o f m ir a c u lo u s=a m az in g b e c au se a lm os t im p os s i b l ed e s ig n at i on= i d e n t i fi c a ti onc h a o t ic =d is or g an ize dr e t a in s =pr e se r ve sc on s t an t= c on t in u a lc o a le sc ed =c o l l ide de m i t te d= r e le a se dd e fi n i n g= i d e n t i fy in gd o me s t ic=h ou s e h o lds w i ft=f as ts i g n i f ic an t = c o n s id e r a b lem o d e s t= r e l at i ve l y sm a l lc on se q u e n t ly= T h e r e f o r ec om p on e n t= p ar tr e m ar k a b le =e x tr a or d in a r yc on f in ed to=l im ite d t or e l e n t le s s = u n c e a si n g d i f fu s i on =sp r e ada u t on om ou s =in d e p e n d e n to b l ig e d= r e q u ir e dv a s t=hu g ea p p r e c i ate d= a p p r o ve dv i c in it y= su r r ou n d in g a r e aa c c i d e n t a l=b yc ha n c em o d i f y= c h an g ed r as t ic a l ly=e x te n s i ve l yp r o h ib i t=p r e ve n tu l ti m ate l y =f in a l lyk e p t p ac e w it h=m a tc h e d t he in c r e a se in c a p ac it y=av a i l ab le st o r ag e s p a c ei n e v it a b le= u n a v oi d ab l es u r p as s =e x c e e dp o n d e r =t h ou g h t ab o u tf u n d am e n t a l =b as icm an d at e d= r e q u ir e dp r om o te d= e n c o u r ag e ds i g n i fy in g =in d i c at in gc e a sed =s to p pe dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e df u n c t i on= p u r p o sea l l e g e d =su p p o se dc on tr o ve r s i a l =de b a ta b lei n c on c l u s i ve= n ot d e c i si v ee l ab o r at e= w e ll d e ve l o p e dp i on e e r e d= in tr o d u c e ds u b se q u e n t =l a te rc om p r i se d= c on s is ted o fe n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dr e i n fo r c e=st r e n g t he np r o f ou n d=in te n seo b s o le te =ou t o f d a teo b sc u r e= l i t tl e k n ow na s s oc i a te s= c on n e c tse n c om p a s se s=in c lu d e ss t a t io n ar y= u n m ov in gh e n c e= t he r e f or ei r r e ve r s ib le= pe r m an e n tm on u m e n t al= e n o r m o u sm an i p u l ate=sk il l fu l ly u s e dp u r su e= p r e fe rs u b s is te n c e= su r vi v ale x p o se d= u n p r o te c te dw i t h n o w a r n i n g= w it h o u t an y in d ic a t i on b e f or e h an dc on g e st i on=ov e r c r owd in ga l t e r e d =tr an s f or m e de m i t te d= r e le a se dr e t a r d in g= s l o wi n ga b u n d an t= p le n t i fu ls u s t a in= su pp o r tp i on e e r in g =or i g i n a ld i st in c t=se p a r a tee n a b li n g= a l l ow in gr e s tr ic te d =l im it e ds e ve r i ty=h ar s hn e ssc on g r e g at e =g at he rc on se q u e n t ly=As a r e s u ltc om pr i se= c on si s t o fc on s ti tu e n t= c om p on e n tp r e d o m i n ate=ar e in t h e m aj or i tyg r ad u a l= s l owd i f fu se= s pre a dd i spe r se d= s c at te r e dd e fi c ie n c ie s= s h or t ag e se m e r g in g= a pp e ar in g B e si d e s =In ad d it i on t op r e oc c u p a t i on =c on c e r nc ou p led w it h= c om b i ne d w i t ha u t on om y=in d e p e n d e n c ec on s p i c u ou s= e a s il y n o ti c e de n d u r e =w i t h st an ds u r p l u s= e x t r at a sk= r e q u ir e m e n tu n f a v or a b le =d is a d va n t ag e ou st r ig g e r e d= in i t i ate ds e ve r e l y= g r e a t l yr e i n fo r c in g=st r e n g th e n in gl a u n c h e d= s t ar te dm e t h od i c a l l y =sy s te m a t ic a la c c e le r a te= s p e e d u pi m p r o ve d= p e r fe c te dd e t e c t =se n sec on v in c i n g ly= p e r su a s i ve l ye lu s iv e =h a r d to i d e n t i fym a in te n an c e o f =su p p o r t in gi s o l a te d=se p a r ate d fr o m on e an o t he r o v e r w he lm e d =w as to o l a r g e f o rr e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lyp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice x c lu si ve l y= o n l ya c c u m u l at in g =c ol le c t in gc ou n te r =c om b a tb r e ak t hr ou g h =d e ve lo p m e n ts o p h is t ic a te d=h ig h ly d e ve l o p e ds u r g e =su d d e n in c r e a s ep r op o r t i on s =s iz es u s t a in= su p p o r tp e r s is te n t =l a st in gp r om o te =e n c ou r a g ec on tr ad ic t o r y= c on f li c t in gm an i fe s ta t i on s = e x p r e s s io n sc u m u l at i ve= c om b i n e da p p ar e n t= n o ti c e ab lec o r r e sp onde d= e q u al e dn or m =c o m m ona d j a c e n t =n e arb yi n te r v a ls= p e r i od ic a ll yd i sc re t e =se pa r at ep r o li f ic=h ig h l y p r o d u c t i ves p ar se r = m o r e t h in l y d i st r ib u te d e p is od e s=oc c u r r e n c e sp r op on e n t s= su p p o r t e r ss w i ft= q u i c ku n pr om i s in g= u n f a vo r a b l ea w e a l t h o f =an ab u n d anc e o fd e vo i d o f=l ac k in g ind i f fu s i on =sp re ado n g o in g =c o n t in u in gc o r r e sp ond s= m a tc he sc om p le x i t y =s op h is t ic a t i ona l l o w in g= r e su l tin g ind i st o r t i on s =ir re g u l ar i t ie st e m p or ar i ly= b r ie f lyp e c u l i ar= u n u su a lp l e n t i fu l= n u m e r ou se m e r g e n c e= r i ser ou t in e l y =r e g u l a r l yd i st in c t i ve= c h ar a c te r i st i ct h e r e b y =c o n se q u e n t l ys u it a b l e =a pp r o p r i a teg e n e r a l l y = u su a l lyt e n d in g =t ak in g c ar e o fr u d im e n t ar y=e le m e n t ar ya k in t o =s im il a r t o o c c a s i on a ll y= s om e t im e si n g e n u it y= i n v e n t i ve n e s st a n g ib le=p hy s ic a ls e q u e n c e s= se r ie sc on v e r te d= c h an g e da p p r o x i m at in g = e s tim a t in gs u b se q u e n t ly=l ate re q u i va le n t= c om p ar ab l ee x p l o it a t i on = u sea l t o g e t he r=fu ll ys te a d il y= a t an u n v ar y in g r at ec on c e n tr a ti o n s=de n s e g r o u p in g sr e fl e c t =in d i c ateo b sc u r e=hi d eu n f a v or a b le =n e g a t iv ep u r su e= e n g a g e inc om p ar a b l e =s im il a re x t r e m e= g r e a tU p on r e f le c t i on =A f te r c on si d e r a t i on c on su l t =a ske x p e l le d =lef t b yp r om p te d =s ti m u l ate de x p l ic i t= c le a r l y e x p r e s se di m p l y= su g g e s te n h a n c e d=im p r o ve dp e c u l i ar t o = u n i q u e t oe x e r t= p u tf or t ha p p ar e n t l y =se e m i n g l ya s t on i s hm e n t= su r p r i s ev i r tu a ll y= n e ar l yI n r e tr o s p e c t =l o ok in g b ac kp r om p t s =s ti m u la te sp a r t i c u la r =sp e c i f ice ve n tu a l ly=in t he e n dr e c a ll= r e m e m be rs pe c i f i c a l l y =p r e c i se l yu n d ou b te d l y= c e r t a in l yt e c hn i c a l l y =sc ie n t i fic a l ly c l a s si f ie d ass u p p le m e n t ar y= e x tr as u b t le= n ot o bv i ou sp a v e d t he w a y f or = m a d e p o ss i b l ew i pe d ou t= k il le d o ffa s s au l ts on=at t ac k s o no n se t=be g in n in gi m m e d i ate l y ap p ar e n t=o b v i ou sR e n o w n e d=F a m ou se n g ag e s in= p e r fo r m sg i g an t ic=ve r y b i gv u ln e r ab le= d e f e n s e le sss t r ain=st r e s sv a l u ab le=im p o r t an tN e e d le ss t o s a y =o b v i o u s l ya d h e s i ve= s t ic k ye n su r e =g u ar an te ec om p on e n t s =p ar tsN e v e r t he le s s=ho w e v e ri n e v it a b ly= n e c e s s ar i l yw i d e sp r e ad am on g= f o u n d t h r o u g h ou t t h e b o d ie s o fi n t ac t= w h o les u b s ta n t i a l ly= s i g n ifi c an t lya c c e s s ib le= r e ac h ab les t im u l a te d= e n c ou r ag e de n g ag e d =p ar t ic ip a te de x p l o it a t i on = u sed e t e r m in an ts= c au se sh a s te n e d= r u s he dd i f fu s i on =sp re adp e r fe c t e d= c om pl e te dr e m n an ts= r e m ai n se x ot ic=f or e ig nd o m i n a te= c on tr o lc on te m p or a r y s oc ie tie s=e x i sted at t he s am e t i m er e c og n iz e d= a c c e p te d s i m u lt an e o u s l y =a t th e s am e ti m ed i sm is se d =r e j e c t e de le v a te d=h ig he x e r c i se d =a p p l ie de m e r g e n c e= r i set a c ti c =st r at e g yt h u s= c on se q u e n t lys t a g n at i on= l a c k o f g r ow t hs u s t a in e d = c o n t in u e di m p l ic a t i on s= c on se q u e n c e se x c lu si ve l y= s o le lyp o te n t i a l =p os s ib lef a v o r ab le=ad v an t ag e ou sa mb i g u ou s =u nc le arc on v e y= t r an s m i ta c c o u n t e d f or= e x p la i n e dc on s ide r ab l y =s ig n i fi c an t lys t r i k i n g= n ot e w or t hyf o r m e r l y= d e s ir a b ler e l a t i ve ly= c om p ar a ti v e lya c c e n tu at e d= i n te n s if i e d。
美国留学托福阅读中同义替换有什么技巧？
【导语】美国留学托福阅读中同义替换有什么技巧？这⽅⾯的知识了解多少，下⾯⽆忧考给⼤家介绍⼀下。
⽽很多考⽣就是在阅读时没办法准确判断paraphrasing(同义替换)，从⽽导致失分严重。
ETS甚⾄针对这⼀语⾔现象专门出了“sentencesimplification”这⼀题型。
那么对于这⼀考察，究竟应该怎么做呢？接下来就来细数⼀下所谓的美国留学托福阅读中同义替换现象究竟有哪⼏种。
1、美国留学托福阅读中逻辑关系词变化
这⼀种同义替换经常出现在逻辑关系的句⼦中，也就是句⼦主语和宾语在单词上并不会有很⼤的变化，但是关系词变化⽐较明显，⼀般在平⾏结构（and、but、or）或者在因果关系上最为明显。
这⼀类型的同义替换最重要是能判别出前后⼆者的关系为何，⼀旦明确关系后就可以根据逻辑连接词进⾏⼲扰项的排除，快速解题。
2、美国留学托福阅读中单词替换
这⼀类型替换其实是语⾔中最容易辨别的，也就是单词会以原形进⾏不同的变化，总共有两种不同的变化。
3、美国留学托福阅读中句⼦信息概括
这⼀类型的同义替换是所有变形中最难也是托福阅读中最难的⼀部分，⼤多数情况下这类型句⼦原⽂会⽐较长，甚⾄有可能是两句话，⽽答案会稍短⼀些，将两句话中的内容综合就可以得出答案。
应对这⼀类型题⽬，需要了解句⼦中的相关关系，摈弃过于细节的内容，抓主⼲即可。
美国留学托福阅读中的三种同义替换就为⼤家讲到这⼉，⼴⼤考⽣在备考过程中，不仅要多多刷题，还要熟悉上述讨论的这些同义替换语⾔现象，熟练掌握，做到能快速判定语⾔现象，那么就可以在考试中占得先机，快速解题，提⾼成绩。
新托福阅读必考同义词汇总
新托福阅读必考同义词汇总新托福阅读必考同义词汇总!托福考试中同义词是大家非常容易弄混的单词，所以大家一定要找对方法，找对思路才能不出现盲区，来看看小编整理出的这份新托福阅读必考同义词内容吧。
A:absorb=appealappealing=attractive=charming=invitingabsorbed by=compensate forabsorbed=engrossed=fully engaged inabundant=plentifulaccommodate=provide foraccomplished=achieved=completed=finished小马为大家研发出新的托福备考神器，小马托福APP把历年的托福机经以及最新更新考前预测内容的大范围、小范围、逆天版机经从纸质型做成APP机经库，让大家直接体验托福机经在线模考环境;界面及内容设计完全依照真实的新托福听力环境，并同时给出了TPO1-34模考题及答案解析；小马托福听力APP开启两种模式：“修炼”、“闯关”，两大模式进行魔鬼式训练。
另外还有5000+词汇、1000+经典句子、200+文章。
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accumulate=collectaccumulation=collection更多精彩攻略访问1accurately=correctly=exactly=preciselyaddress=speechadjacent (to)=nearby=neighboring=adjoiningadvent=arrival: with the advent of high speed internet=affair=matteraggravate= worsenakin to=similar to: alike= available= astray= afraid=aware= alone= alive= asleep= aloft allied with=link to: allied countriesallocate=designate=distributealmost=nearlyaloft=overheadalter=change=transformalthough=butaltogether=completelyamenity=pleasantample=plentiful: ample amplify amplifieramplificationannual= yearly anniversary: semiannuallyantiseptic= cleanantithesis=opposeapparent=obvious=evidentappreciable= noticeableapproach= come closer toapproach= way= means= methodardent=enthusiastic (about)argue=debateargue (that)=hold (that)更多精彩攻略访问2article=itemarticulate=formulateas well as=in addition to= andas well= also= tooassertion=strong statementassistance=benefitassistance=help= aidassume=take onassume=imagineastute=agileastute=cleverat random=not plannedattribute=characteristicattribute to=owe toavid=enthusiastic=ardent=eager------------------------------------B:barrier=obstaclebe bound to=be obliged to=ought to= shouldbe consistent with=be compatible withbear in mind=rememberbeing=creatureblend=combineblocked=prevented以上是小编对新托福阅读必考同义词汇总的详细介绍，大家对于一些同义词汇有所了解后发现一些词义是相通的，这样大家再也不用担心词穷的问题了，快去背一背吧!更多精彩攻略访问3。
托福同义词替换-全
1.important = crucial (extremely important), significant (amount or effect large enough to beimportant)mon = universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant = ample (enough and usually extra), plentiful (enough for people’s needs andwants)4.stick = adhere, cling (hold on something tightly)5.neglect = ignore (difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention tosomething: ignore means no attention)6.near = adjacent(two things next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue = woo (man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek (if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.FORMAL)8.accurate = precise (precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact (correct in every detail)9.vague = obscure (unknown or known by only a few people)10.top = peak, summitpetitor = rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics)12.blame = condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinion = perspective, standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame = prestige (describe those who are admired), reputation15.build = erect (you can erect something as building, FORMAL),establish16.insult = humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed orstupid)plain = grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary = radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve = alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force = coerces into (coerce means you make someone do something she/he does not wantto),compel21.enlarge = magnify (magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex = intricate (if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23.Lonely = solitary (if someone is solitary, there is on one near him/her)24.small = minuscule (very small), minute25.praise = extol (stronger than praise), compliment (polite and political)26.hard-working = assiduous (someone who is assiduous works hard or does things verythoroughly)27.difficult = arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot ofefforts)28.poor (soil) = barren, infertile (used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot beplanted on it)29.fragile = brittle, vulnerable (someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally orphysically)30.show = demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people)31.big = massive (large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal (use this word, you emphasizesomething’s large), tremendous (INFORMAL)32.avoid = shun (if someone shuns something, she/he deliberately avoid that something or keepaway from it)33.fair = impartial (someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision orsomething.)34.stack = assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike = abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons),loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin = devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)37.always = invariably (the same as always, but better than always)38.forever = perpetual (a perpetual state never changes), immutable (something immutable willnever change or be changed)39.surprise = startle (it means surprise you slightly), astound (surprise you to a large degree),astonish (the same as astound)40.enthusiasm = zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)41.quiet = tranquil (calm and peaceful), serene (calm and quiet)!42.expensive = exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)43.luxurious = lavish (impressive and very expensive), sumptuous (grand and very expensive)44.boring = tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)45.respect = esteem (if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)46.worry = fret (if you fret about something, you worry about it)47.cold = chilly (unpleasantly cold), icy (extremely cold)48.hot = boiling (very hot)49.dangerous = perilous (very dangerous, hazardous, especially to people’s safety and health)50.nowadays = currently51.only = unique (the only one of its kind), distinctive;52.stop = cease (if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)53.part = component (the components of something are the parts that it is made of)54.result = consequence (the results or effects of something)55.obvious = apparent, manifest56.based on = derived from (can see or notice them very easily)57.quite = fairly58.pathetic = lamentable (very uncomfortable and disappointing)59.field = domain (a particular field of thought, activities or interent)60.appear = emerge (come into existence)61.whole = entire (the whole of something)62.wet = moist (slightly wet), damp (slightly wet), humid (very damp and hot)!63.wrong = erroneous (incorrect or partly correct)64.difficult = formidable65.change = convert (change into another form)66.typical = quintessential (this word means represent a typical example of something)67.careful = cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent (careful and sensible)68.ability = capacity, capability (the same as ability)69.strange = eccentric (if some one is eccentric, she/he behaves in a strange way, or his/heropinion is different from most people)70.rich = affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e = utilize (the same as use)72.dubious = skeptical (if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)73.satisfy = gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)74.short = fleeting, ephemeral (if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)75.scholarship = fellowship76.angry = enraged (extremely angry)77.smelly = malodorous (used to describe an unpleasant smell)78.ugly = hideous (if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)79.attractive = appealing (pleasing and attractive), absorbing (something absorbing can attractyou a great deal)80.diverse = miscellaneous (a miscellaneous group consists of many different kind of things)81.disorder = disarray, chaos82.crazily = frantically (used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)83.rapid = meteoric (ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves successquickly)84.ordinary = mundane (very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)85.despite = notwithstanding (FORMAL)86.best = optimal (used to describe the best level something can achieve)87.sharp = acute (severe and intense)88.unbelievable = inconceivable (if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unliketo happen)89.puzzle = perplex (something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/herbecause he/she does not understand it)90.method = avenue (away of getting something done)91.famous = distinguished (used to describe people who are successful in their career)92.ancient = archaic (extremely old and old-fashioned)93.decorate = embellish (embellish means make something look more attractive via decoratingit with something else)94.possible = feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)95.rare = infrequent (doesn’t happen often)96.greedy = rapacious (greedy and selfish)。
托福阅读常用同意替换词
A1 abundant 丰富的plentiful 丰富的2 accelerate 加速increase 增加3 accessible 可达到的reachable 可达到的4 accordingly 因此for that reason 因此5 account for 说明explain 说明6 accumulate 积聚collect 收集7 acute 急性的intense 剧烈的8 adhere 粘附stick 粘附9 adjunct 辅助addition 附加10 adorn 装饰decorate 装饰11 adverse 相反的negative 负面的12 advocate 提倡者proponent 支持者13 aesthetical 审美的artistic 艺术的14 astound 令人极为惊讶surprise 令人惊讶15 attachment(to) 喜爱preference(for)喜爱16 attain 获得achieve 获得17 attendant 伴随的accompanying 伴随的18 attire 衣物clothing 衣物19 attribute 特征characteristic 特点20 aviation 航空navigation 航空B21 barren贫瘠的infertile 贫瘠的22 bias 偏见prejudice 偏见23 bizarre 奇异的odd 奇怪的24 boost 促进raise 提高25 bound 限制limit 限制26 break (with) 与…相分离departure (from) 与…相分离27 bring about 导致cause 导致C28 calculate 计划determine 决定29 carry 支撑support 支撑30 cast off 丢弃get rid off 抛弃31 cease 终止stop 停止32 celestial 天上的astronomical 天文的33 chance 偶然的unplanned 未计划的34 characterized 具有特色的distinguished 杰出的35 classify 分类categorize 分类36 coarse 粗糙rough 粗糙37 cohesion 凝聚unity 结合，统一38 coin 创造，杜撰create 创造39 collectively 共同地together 一起40 comparably 类似similarly 同样地41 compile 收集put together 收集42 compose 创作create 创作，创造43 comprise 由….组成consist of 由…..组成44 conceal 隐藏hide 隐藏45 concentrate 集中cluster 集中46 conclusive 最后的，结论性的definitive 最后的，确定性的47 concomitant with 与…..相一致in conjunction with 与…..相一致48 condone 宽恕mercy 宽恕49 confined 被限制的limited 限制的50 conflict 冲突opposition 相反51 conjectural 推测的based on guessing 基于猜测的52 consciously 有意识地on purpose 有目的地53 conserve 保存retain 保存54 considerable （数量、程度）巨大的great 巨大的55 considerable 巨大的much 许多的56 considerable 大量的substantial 大量的，坚实的57 consort 合伙人，伴侣associate 合伙人，伙伴58 conspicuous 明显的noticeable 明显的59 constituent 组成部分component 成分60 constitute 构成make up 构成61 consult 商量counsel 商量62 consumption 消费eating 吃63 contemporary 当代的existing 现存的64 counteract 抵消negate 取消，否定65 counterpart 副本version 版本66 crucial 重要的，关键的essential 重要的，基本的67 cumbersome 麻烦的burdensome 麻烦的68 customary 习俗的usual 一般的D69 dampen 使潮湿moisten 使潮湿70 daring 大胆的bold 大胆的71 deft 灵巧的skilled 熟练的72 deliberate 深思熟虑的careful 小心的73 demand 要求order 命令74 demonstrate 证明show 显示75 dense 密集的thick 周密的76 depress 降低lower 降低77 depressed 沮丧的saddened 悲伤的，沮丧的78 derive 取得，获得obtain 获得79 detect 发现discover the presence of 发现…..的存在80 detectable 可察觉的，可测出的measurable 可测量的81 detectable可察觉的，可测出的sizable 巨大的82 devastate 损坏ruin 毁灭83 devote 投身dedicate 致力84 dictate 规定determine 确定85 diffuse 扩散travel 传播86 dirt 土壤soil 土壤87 disaster 灾祸catastrophe 大灾祸88 discreet慎重的careful 小心的89 discrete 离散的separate 分离的90 dispute 争论argument 争论91 disseminate 传播spread/impart/inform 散布/传播/传播92 distinct 截然不同的different 不同的93 distinct 明显的obvious 明显的94 distinct 分别的，截然不同的separate 分离的95 distinction 区别difference 差别96 distinguished 不同的differentiated 不同的，有区别的97 divergence 分歧difference 不同98 dogma 教条belief/doctrine 信仰/教条99 domain 范围，领域field 土地，领域100 dominate 占优势be prevalent in 占优势101 dramatic 引人注目的striking 引人注目的102 drastic 猛烈的radical 根本的103 drastic 激烈的severe 猛烈的104 draw 吸引attract 吸引105 durable 耐久的lasting 持久的106 durable 耐久的endurable 持久的107 dwelling 住宅house 房子E108 eagerly anticipate 热切地期望look forward to 盼望109 elaborate 详尽的，精巧的detailed 详细的，精细的110 embed 植入encase 包裹111 embrace （欣然）接受welcome 欢迎112 embracer 接收者recipient 接收者，收件人113 emerge 出现appear 出现114 emit 发射give off 发射115 employ 雇用hire 雇用116 enable 使能够allow 准许117 enable 使能够help 帮助118 enact 制定法律，扮演角色perform 扮演角色119 end 目的goal 目的/ p. r; s8 e4 V& @8 T'''''''' V9 o 120 entire 全部的whole 全部的9 a4 p7 g0 L2 V8 x121 entity 实体object 物体122 entomb 埋葬trap 使陷于….之中123 eradicate 根除eliminate 清除124 essential 基本的fundamental 基本的125 evidence 表明indicate 指出126 exalted 高贵的superior 出众的127 exceed 超越surpass 超过。
阅读同义词
Synonyms for Reading♦1.severe—harsh--strict♦2.dwelling—housing—residence--inhabit♦3.obstacle—barrier—hindrance—obstruction—difficulty—hardship—adversity♦4.contain—include—incorporate—consist—involve♦5.facilitate—help—smooth—simplify♦6.harvest—gather—gain—obtain--capture♦7.previous—earlier—prior—former♦8.specific—detailed—actual—concrete--particular♦9.ultimate—eventual—essential♦10.enhance—improve—promote—boost—stengthen♦11.ability—capability—capacity—competence♦12. able—capable—competent—adept--proficient♦13.category—class—sort—type—classification♦14.recruitment—employment—staffing—interview--enlistment♦15. comprehension—understanding—conception—grasp♦16.characteristic—trait—feature♦17.resolve—solve—settle—figure out—deal with—handle—dispose—manage—tackle ♦18.enforce—implement—administer—carry out—execute♦19.criterion—standard—benchmark♦20.available—accessible—on hand—obtainable♦21.accept—welcome—embrace—adopt—support♦22.sponsor—support—back—subsidize—fund♦24.initially—at first—originally—firstly--uppermost♦25.prejudice—bias—partiality—preference♦26.inequality—discrimination—unfairness—inferiority♦27.change—transform—alter—shift—switch♦28.spectacular—impressive—magnificent—marvelous—breathtaking—fantastic—terrifi c-gorgeous♦29.highlight—emphasize—focus on—attach importance—underline--value♦30. diversity—variety—multiplicity♦31. different—diverse—diversified—various—multiple♦32.contrary—opposite—adverse—reverse—contrasting♦33.generate—produce—create—engender—give birth to--yield♦34.choice—option—alternative♦35.undertake—assume—carry out—commence—launch♦36. method--way—approach—channel—means—technique♦37. area—field—domain—territory—sphere♦38. Prime,chief, primary, principal, major♦39.fundamental—basic—primary—elementary♦40.collegue—coworker—associate—teammate—collaborator♦41.victory—triumph—accomplishment--achievement—success♦42.outlet—market—retailer—agent-chain—channel♦43. Different—differ—distinct--distinguish♦44.surpass—exceed—excess—outweigh♦45. forsake—abandon—throw away—discard--desert♦47.pridict—foresee—forecast—prefigure♦48. eruption—outbreak—outburst—explosion—emission♦49.predominate—dominate—dominant—leading—overwhelming ♦position—constitution—makeup—component♦51.respectively—individually—seperately—singly♦52.migration—immigration—movement—relocation—resettlement ♦53. chaos—disorder—confusion—panic--mess♦54.random—aimless—casual♦55.crucial—vital—critical—key—essential♦56.hazard—danger—risk—threat—menace♦57.eliminate—fade—disappear—vanish – extinct♦58. defect—weakness—shortcoming--flaw♦59.merit—virtue—excellency--strength♦60..prevalent—popular—prevailing—predominant◆61. abolish, cancel, repeal,abandon◆62. absorb, suck, digest, incorporate◆63. abundant, plentiful, ample,sufficient◆64. Rival, competitor, opponent, adversary, contender♦65. acknowledge, admit, confess, recognize, concede♦66.active, energetic, vigorous, brisk, lively♦67. adapt, adjust, conform, accommodate, suit, fit♦68. addition, appendix, attachment, supplement, accessory♦69. age, epoch, era, period, times♦71. agree, accord, coincide, conform, correspond♦72. aim, goal, purpose, end, target, object, objective♦73. alike, like, similar, comparable, parallel, uniform, identical♦74.amuse, entertain, interest, please♦75. anger, indignation, fury, rage, wrath♦76. announce, declare, proclaim, pronounce, advertise, broadcast, publish♦77. apparatus, instrument, device, equipment, tool, implement, installation, appliance, facilities♦78. appoint, designate, assign, name, nominate♦79. artificial, false, synthetic, man-made♦80. assert, affirm, allege, maintain, testify, claim♦81. assign, distribute, divide, allocate♦82. attempt, try, endeavour, strive♦83. ancient, old, antique, prehistoric♦84. attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, tempt,induce,seduce♦85. Decrease, decline, fall, drop, descend,go down，decay♦86. Increase, rise, soar, ascend, climb, mount up, go up♦87. attitude, air, manner♦88. assume, presume, suppose, guess。
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托福阅读中的同义替换
在托福考试中阅读的词汇量要求最大，这给很多学生都增加了负担，其实在提到一些难词、术语时一般都会进行paraphrase，即以更常见、更简单的词来解释说明这些词，通俗的说就是将这些不太好理解的单词进行同义替换。
一般说来，我们可以从如下几个方面来进行paraphrase转述表达：
1. 同义词、反义词的替换
A
The elephant is another animal that lives in groups. An elephant herd usually has from twenty to forty members. The elephants in theherd depend on one another for help in time of trouble.
解析：此处groups/ herd是同义词;
B
Dinosaurs were ancient species of reptiles. They lived on Earth for 160 million years. Some dinosaurs were as small as rabbits; others were enormous. Some ate meat, and others ate plants. They disappeared about 65 million years ago. Scientists believe that they starved to death. They think the climate changed quickly and caused many plants to die.
解析：此处lived/ disappeared;small/enormous; meat /plants均为反义词词组;
2. 词义词性的替换
C
Recently, more airport officers have been shocked by the growth of animal smuggling. Sometimes, they find live turtles, lizards, frogs, and snakes in passengers' carry-on bags. Smugglers use several tricks to bring animals through airports. They put live snakes into film boxes and birds into tennis ball cans. Police even found an iguana taped to a man's chest. Not all animals are smuggled alive, however. Many die on the way. Animal body parts are also found. These include antlers, skins, dried organs, hooves, or feet.
解析：此处smuggling、Smugglers、smuggled都是单词smuggle的不同形式，为了表达不同的词性，做不同的成分，分别使用了不同的词性和词义。
3. 句子结构的替换
A flying car society has many problems to solve. The first concerns safety. If there are no roads, what will stop people from crashing into each other? It is easy for a single car to travel, but what happens when there are thousands? Another issue is cost. At the moment, it costs several million dollars for one car. How can people afford to buy them? The third issue is fuel. At the moment, it costs several million dollars for one car. How can people afford to buy them? The third issue is fuel. There needs to be enough fuel to supply these cars. The fuel also needs to be less polluting than the kind we use now. Still, technology is advancing. It is likely that these problems will be solved in a few years. Then, dreams of quick and easy flight will be realities.
解析：此处文中用The first /Another /The third 结构上既避免了重复，又体现了语言的多样性;concerns、issue也是同义词替换;处处体现者语言的多样性;
在托福阅读中存在着大量的同义替换现象。
解决托福阅读过程中的同义词识别问题，首先应该加强对常见的高频词和常用词的掌握。
事实上，越是常用的词，词义越多，词性也越多。
所以建议同学们在平时学习单词要多注意一次多义现象，要留心单词的搭配及常用短语，这样在阅读文章时就可以联系上下文的具体语境，运用我们上面讲到的三类方法更好地识别同义词，更好地理解阅读原文，就算在遇到不认识的单词时，也可以有效的提高语境的认知及对语篇的掌握。
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来源于：时代焦点。