高中化学竞赛有机题库及答案

(5) CH3CH CHCH2CH2CH3 Br CH2Cl
I
H
(6)
H
Br
CH3 H
(7)
H
Fra Baidu bibliotek
F
Cl
H
5．将下列烯烃用系统命名法命名
H Cl H Cl (8)
Cl H
Cl
(1) CH2 CH CH CH CH CHCH(CH3)2 (2) (CH3)2C CCH(CH3)2
CH CH2CH3
CH3
CH3
(4) CH2 CH CH2 COCH2CH3
(5) CH3COCH(CH3)2
(6)
12．将下列醛酮用系统命名法命名
(1) CH3 CH COCH3
OH
Cl2CHCOCH3 (2) CH3
(7) PhCH2COCH2Ph
CH CH2CH2CH2CHO Br
H3C
CH3
CC
(3) H
C C CH
O
C6H5
CH3
CC
(4) CH3
C CH2CH3
O
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H
CH2CHO
C
(5) (CH3)2CH CH2COCH2CH2OH (6)
(7)
O
H CH2CHO
(8)
O
CH3 (9) CH3
13．将下列羧酸用系统命名法命名
CHO
CH3
(10) H
O CH3
H
(1) CH3CH CHCOOH
(2) CH3C(CH3)2COOH
OH
H OH
H (9)
HO
CH2CH3 H
(2) CH3CH2CH2O
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(3) CH3CH2O
NO2
(4) CH2 CH O CH2C6H5
OC2H5 (5)
OC2H5
Cl
(7) Cl
O
(6) CH3CHCH2CH2CH2OCH3 OH
NO2 (8) CH3O CH2CH2 OCH3
(9) CH2 CH CH2CH3 O
(4) CH3 H
CH3
H
H
(10)
CH3 CH3 CH3
Cl
Cl
(3)
H
H
H3C
H
(5)
CH3
H
CH3
H
CH3 H
H CH3
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4．用系统命名法命名下列卤代烃 CH3
(1) CH3 C CH2CH3 Cl
CH3
CH3 H
(3)
CH2Cl
CH3 (2) CH3 CHCH CH3
Cl
(4) CH2 CCH2CH2Cl CH2CH3
H
H
CH3
(7)
CH2C CH
(8)
H3C
H
H
H C CH
7．将下列双烯烃化合物用系统法命名
(1)
CH3 (2)
CH3 (3)
H C
CH3
H3C
H
(4)
CC
C2H5
H
CC
H
H
(6) CH2 CHC CCH CH2
(8)
CC
CH3
(5)
C
H
(7) CH2 CH CH CH CH2C CH
H
C C CH3
(9) H3C
C
C H
C H CH3
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8．写出下列芳香族化合物的名称 CH3
(1)
(2)
C(CH3)3
CH3 Cl
(4) H3C
(5) Br
Cl (3)
CH2Cl (6)
CH CH2 Br Br
Cl
(7) CH3O
CHO
(8)
CH2
Cl
(9)
CH2 CHCH3
Cl
HO
CH2CH3
(10)
CC
H3CH2C
第二部分 有 机 化 学
一、系 统 命 名
1．用系统命名法命名下列烷烃 (1) (CH3)3CCH2C(CH3)3
(2) (CH3)2CH CH2CH2
CH CH CH2CH3 CH3 CH3
(3) CH3
CH CH2 CH(CH3)2
CH2 C CH2CH3 CH3
(4) (CH3CH2)2CH CH CH2CH3 CH3
Cl
H
Br
H CH3
(11)
CC
C
(CH3)2CHCH2
CH2
CH2CH3
6．用系统命名法命名下列不饱和烃
H3C
H
(1)
CC
H
C CH
H3C
C CH
(2)
C
H
CH CH2
(3) ClCH2CH2C C CH3
HH (5)
CH3 C CH
CH3 C CCH3
(4) H
H
H3C
C C C CH
(6)
CC
(3) BrCH2CH2CH2COOH (5) HO CH2CH2CHCOOH
(4) CH3CH2COCH2COOH
(6)
CH2CH2CH2COOH
O (7) H C CHCOOH
OH
(9)
CH2CH2COOH
(8) CH3CO
COOH
CH3CH2CH2
H
(10)
CC
H
CH2COOH
(11) CH3C C CH CH2COOH
(5) CH3CH2CH CH2 CH CH CH2CH2CH(CH3)2
CH3
CH3 CH2CH(CH3)2
2．用系统命名法命名下列环烷烃
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
CH3
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
CH3
(9) CH3
3．用系统命名法将下列取代环烷烃命名
CH3
H
(1)
(2)
H
CH(CH3)2
CH2CH3
2．烷烃中 1氢∶2氢∶3氢被溴化时相对活性比是 1∶82∶1600，计算丙烷被一溴化 时，各一溴产物的相比对及各产物的百分比。
3．某烷烃 A 分子式为 C6H14，氯化时可以得到两种一氯产物。试推出烷烃 A 的结构。 4．命名下列各化合物
CH3 CH3
(1)
(2) CH3
(12)
CH CH2
OH (13) HOOC CH2 C CH2COOH (14)
COOH
COOH CHO
COOH COOH
CH3CH2
CH2
CH2
(CH2)7COOH
(15)
CC
CC
CC
H
HH
HH
H
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二、烷、烯、炔
1．如果烷烃中 1氢、2氢和 3氢被氯化时的活性比是 1∶3.8∶5，计算 2-甲基丁烷被 氯化时产物的相对比及各产物的百分比。
OH
9．将下列醇用系统命名法命名 CH3
(1) Br CH2CH2 CH C CH3 OH CH3
(2) CH2 CH CH CH3 OH
(3)
CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
(4)
CH2OH
(5)
OH
(6)
H
CH3
(8)
OH
Cl H
10．将下列醚类化合物命名
(1) CH3OCH2CH2Cl
CH3 H
CH3 (7) CH3
(3) (CH2 CH2)2CHCH2CH CH CH3
CH3 (4)
CH2CH3
CH2 CH
CH(CH3)2
(5)
CC
H3C
CH(CH3) 2
(6) CH3
BrCH2
CH3
(7)
CC
H3C
CH2CH3
(8)
CH CH CH3
CH2CH CH2
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CH3
H
CC
CH3
(9)
H
C
C2H5
H
CH3 H
(10) H
CH3 O CH3 (10)
H
H
H (11)
C2H5
O Cl H
O
CH CH2CH3
(12) CH2 CH CH3
O O
(13)
O
O O
O
O
O
(14)
O
O
O
11．将下列醛酮分别用普通命名法和系统命名法命名
CH3
H
(1)
CC
H
CHO
H
CHO
(2)
C Ph
C H
（Ph—苯基）
(3) CH2 CHCOCH CH2