名词,冠词,数词,代词,介词

名词

名词的数

1、可数名词与不可数名词

A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：

1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.

2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语

eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C]

A. a

B. one

C. a piece of

D. many

There is some_______ on the plate. [B]

A. apple

B. fish

C. milks

D. deer

2、可数名词的复数

A、不规则变化：

man—men ; woman—women ;child—children

policeman—policemen

Englishman—Englishmen

Frenchman—Frenchmen

foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice

B、规则变化

1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz]

2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s

eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz]

3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]

eg. knives [naivz]

4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s]

5)一般加s 浊就浊[z]

eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz]

但注意以下几点：

① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes

②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese

③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数

man doctor — men doctors

④ reef—reefs

⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans

⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.

3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是“……的”)

A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：

1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”

Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲

Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

2)以s结尾的词只加“’”

eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father

3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导

eg. the leg of the desk

4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s

a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )

练习

一、写出下列词．的复数

1.book______

2.bus ______

3.orange _______

4.baby______

5.boy______

6.my ________

7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________

10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____

13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________

二、选择正确的答案

( )1.—Are those ______?

---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

A. sheep ; cows

B. sheep ; cow

C. sheeps ; cow

D. sheeps ; cows

( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.

A. two orange

B. two bottles of orange

C. two bottles orange

D. two bottles of oranges

( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know? A. a very good B. any

C. a piece of

D. two pieces

( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.

A. Lucy and Lily

B. Lucy and Lily’s

C. Lucy’s and Lily

D. Lucy’s and Lily’s

( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.

A. 20 minutes’ walk

B. 20 minute’s walk

C. 20-minutes walk

D. 20-minute walk

( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.

A. Mr. Green

B. Mr. Allan

C. Mr. James

D. James Green

( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.

A. good friends

B. good friend

C. a good friend

D. good a friend

( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.

A. minutes

B. minute’s

C. minutes’

D. minute

( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.

A. two breads

B. two piece of breads

C. two pieces of bread

D. two pieces of breads

( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.

A. childs

B. child

C. children’s

D. children

( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.