专四语法讲义

专四语法部分一、总体概况：语法考点：三大从句——名词、定从、状从非谓语动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词其他二、从句讲解三大从句（一）三大从句五种基本句式主语+谓语vt+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+补语主语+谓语vi+状语主语+系动词+表语状语，主语（定语）谓语宾语状语(定从) 系动词表语（状从）（同位语）（非谓语）（非谓语）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）长难句解题技巧：抓住干，定从句逗号原则：在英语句子中，逗号是不能连接两个独立完整的句子的。

名词性从句三大从句（二）两步解题法1.抓连词2.状从中的连接词——常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result that so thatthat引导名词性从句——that+完整句子（1）主语从句e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.强调句式It is/was+被强调部分+that+不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g. I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.(2)宾语从句主+谓语vt+（that）+完整句子e.g. I know (that) he passed the exam.（3）表语从句主+系动词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow.There is/are +抽象名词+that+完整句子Answer,belief,concept,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,evidence,sign,fact,hope,idea,informati on,knowledge,suggestion,thought,probability…On the condition that…Despite the fact that…On the understanding that…that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each…the first the lastthe only the veryn+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子that 引导限定性定从n+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.三大从句（三）What=all that; the thing that; the person thatWhat 只引导主从、宾从、表从,不能引导定从和同位从What+不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. _____it turned out,it was Italian movie.A What_____it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词______+ 不完整句子n A what Xvt/介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词，_______+不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat 与how 的区别I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of ______to do about it.A.whatB. how介词短语在句子的位置1）作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2）作定语n+介短3）作表语系+介短wh—ever与no matter wh—区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens,don’t panic.公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about _______they might control the experiences of children to duce responsible and productive adults.A. whatB. howC. whateverD. however if 与 whether 的区别 if_______about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. A) whatB) whether C) while D) if Never ask a child _______he likes or dislikes.A) what B) whether C) that D) which We know, however,________ no two places are exactly the same. A) Although B) whether C) since D) that 三大从句（四） 定语从句两步解题法1. 抓先行项（指人、物、整句话内容）2. 抓关系词在定语从句中的成分e.g. This is the house_______①I once lived.②I once visited.①where/in which②that/which/xThis is the very house_________ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day______①I met him.②I spent with him.①when/on which②that/which/xI’ll never forget the very day______ I spent with him. 地点n where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间n when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi 主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补 主+谓vi 主+系+表 三大从句（五）Which 在专四考试中，只考定语从句。

词 ___ + 句子A whatB whichC that 词 ，___ + 句子A whatB whichC that n 介词+ which+主+谓+宾+宾The food ___ which he depends is expensive. We need a chairman _____ whom we have confidence. have confidence in be confident ofWe were struck by the extend ___ which the teacher’s decision served the interests of the school rather than those of the students. I listen to what he said.…set at _____ they would be if …. A whichB thatC whatD who三大从句（六）as引导的限定性定语从句such…as (不完整句子)the same…as(不完整句子)注意与such … that区别such … that(完整句子)e.g. It wasn’t such a good dinner ___ she had promised us.A. thatB. asC. whichD. whatpromise to dopromise sb sthe.g. There was such a long line at the exhibition ____ we had to wait for about an hour.A. thatB. asC. soD. hencewait for me for a long timee.g. It is language ____ distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world.A. whatB. thatC. aswhose 表所属关系“…的”n + （,）whose + n.I know a girl whose name is Mary.I like the room whose window faces the south.The book, the cover ___ is broken, isn’t mine.A whose B. of whichThe book , ____ cover is broken, isn’t mine.A. whoseB. of which三大从句（七）04年43. The government has promised to do________lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.[A] however [B] whichever [C] whatever [D] wherever03年43. Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.[A] where [B] of whose [C] whose [D] which03年51. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.[A] which [B] it [C] that [D] what11年51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ________ he was fifteen years ago.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that02年44. Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?[A] by which [B] that [C] in where [D] where02年45. We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ___should make great differences in our life next summer.[A] which [B] what [C] that [D] they01年42. Even as a girl, ______ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.[A] performing by Melissa were[B] it was known that Melissa’s performances were[C] knowing that Melissa’s performances were[D] Melissa knew that performing was01年44. There is no doubt ______the company has made the right decision on the sales project.[A] why [B] that [C] whether [D] when01年45. Intellect is to the mind ______sight is to the body.[A] what [B] as [C] that [D]like08年53. Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A.whenB. thatC. whichD. what00年50. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.[A] whose [B] as [C] what [D] that08年62. Quality is ____ counts most.A.whichB. thatC. whatD. where09年56. I was very interested in _____ she told me.A. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. that10年54. After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there11年63. There is no doubt ________ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A.whetherB. thatC. whyD. when03年52. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.[A] which [B] that [C] who [D] whom三大从句（八）状语从句让步状从although though even if / though05年52. ______, Mrs. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.[A] Although he is a socialist[B] Even if he is a socialist [C] Being a socialist [D] Since he is a socialisteven adv (副词只能修饰句子，不能连接句子) Even 句子， 句子 XEven they get the answers right, some are just guessing. as08年55．_______he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.A Much thoughB Much asC As muchD Though much while01年46._______I sympathy, I can ’t really do very much to help them out of difficulties. A As long as B As C While D Even wh-ever 与 no matter wh- 区别 让步、名从 让步 whether…or not/or 省略whether 倒装Whether he is busy or free, he still keeps on studying English. Be he busy or free, he still keeps on studying English. despite = in spite of 介词 介短三大从句（九）条件状从if与whether的区别unless = if…not00年42. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _____ left untreated.[A] after [B] if [C] since [D] unlessas long as = so long ason condition thatin the event thatprovided (that)= providing (that)= suppose (that)= supposing (that)______I have enough money, I’ll visit Europe next year.D. Givein casein case of时间状从when while as 区别（1（209年60. The couple had no sooner got to the station ____ the coach left.[A] when [B] as [C] until [D] than as soon as=the instant=the minute=the momentby the timeevery time each timesince (自从)主 + have/has –ed + since till/until not …until once ① adv ―曾经‖ ② 连词 ―一旦‖ before after then结果状从 目的状从 so…that with the result that such…that so that so that in order that therefore consequently thus so 三大从句（十） 原因状从 ecause = in that since = now that as for because of due to owing tothanks to08年54.Men differ from animals_______ they can think and speak.A for whichB for thatC in thatD in which 地点状从where wherever anywhere somewhere Stay where you are. 注意与定语从句的区别This is the house where I once lived. 注意when 引导的时间状从与定从的区别 I’ll never forget the day when I met him.I enjoyed myself so much _____ I visited my friend in Pairs last year. A that B when C where D which过去时间点 过去时句子比较状从as…as,thanas … as possible= as … as one canthanHe ran faster than I did.比较级+ （n）+ than + 不完整句子07年61. The research requires more money than ________.[A] have been put in [B] has been put in[C] being put in [D] to be put in02年49.The experiment requires more money than______.[A] have been put in [B] being put in[C] has been put in [D] to be put in方式状从as just asI have changed it as you suggested.注意与非限定性定语从句的区别I have changed it, as you suggested.02年41. She did her work ____ her manager had instructed.[A] as [B] until [C] when [D] though07年51. There are as good fish in the sea ___ ever came out of it.[A] than [B] like [C] as [D] so06年51. __________ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.［A］Although ［B］Whatever ［C］As ［D］However 03年45. —Does Alan like hamburgers?—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.[A] for [B] as [C] to [D] so03年49. ____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.[A] As mush as [B] So much[C] How much [D] Much as02年48. Fool _______Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.[A] who [B] as [C] that [D]like08年60. They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was09年54. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However01年49. Barry had an advantage over his mother ______ he could speak French.[A] since that [B] in that[C] at that [D] so that08年56. I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where三、非谓语（一）概况非谓语形式（时态、语态） to do / not to do注意① to do 一般式表示动作与主句的谓语动作同时发生。