2008年新托福独立写作北美考题
2008年5月sunday北美sat真题from
2011年5月Sunday --SAT语法部分SECTION 41. Using a technique known as "camera trapping," biologists place cameras in highly remote and ecologically sensitive places ,this is for looking for animals feared to be extinct.(A) places, this is for looking for(B) places, because of looking for(C) places in the looking for of(D) places to look for(E) places, it was to look for2. The Palace of Versailles, which derived much of its spectacular effect from its profusion of mirrors, was built at a time when few people could afford even one glass mirror.(A) was built at a time when(B) were being built at a time when(C) and at the time when it was being built(I)) the time it was built(E) built at a time that3. Though experts agreed that the economy was slowing down, few were believing in the likelihood of a recession.(A) few were believing in the likelihood of a recession(B) few believed that a recession was likely(C) in the likelihood of a recession, few believed(D) the belief was held by few that a recession was likely(E) there were few believing that to have a recession was likely4. The Moon, with a gravity just one-sixth of Earth's, and might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit.(A) Earth's, and might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit(B) Earth's, might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit(C) Earth's, even though it might be used as a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit(D) Earth's might be used for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit, and as a jumping-off point(E) Earth's, which might make it a jumping-off point for space voyages beyond Earth's orbit5. The ballet Nutcracker Suite has become so familiar and as a result few can imagine the enchantment audiences felt when Maria Tallchief first danced the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy.(A) and as a result(B) resulting in the fact that(C) and therefore(D) and(E) that6. During the 1920s many Cuban painters who had traveled abroad returned to their homeland to produce paintings that were more angular and stylized than conventional Western painters.(A) conventional Western painters(B) Western painters who were conventional(C) those being by conventional Western painters(D) conventions of Western painting(E) conventional Western paintings7. New Mexico is rich in remarkably well-preserved ruins, such as the multi-storied adobe pueblos to provide visitors with insight into the lives of early inhabitants of the Southwest.(A) pueblos to provide visitors with insight into(B) pueblos, providing visitors with insight for(C) pueblos, they provide for visitors an insight of(D) pueblos that provide visitors with insight into(E) pueblos and provide visitors insight to8. Generating considerable publicity in the summer of 1961, the Freedom Riders wanted to force the federal government take a stand on civil rights while traveling from Washington. DC, to Mississippi.(A) wanted to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights while traveling from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi(B) wanted to force the federal government, while traveling from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi, to take a stand on civil rights(C) was when they traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights(D) traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights(E) traveled from Washington, D.C., to Mississippi, they wanted to force the federal government to take a stand on civil rights9. If you were a songwriter in the early twentieth century, one would wait for a paid request, not inspiration, before writing a song for a specific show or movie.(A) one would wait for a paid request, not inspiration,(B) one would have to wait, not for inspiration, but for a paid request(C) you would wait not for inspiration but for a paid request(D) songwriters waited for a paid request, not to be inspired,(E) you were waiting for a paid request and not be inspired10. For many, the game of Scrabble is no mere pastime: highly skilled players participate in tournaments every bit as intense as competing chess masters.(A) competing chess masters(B) those in which chess masters compete(C) when chess masters compete(D) they were when chess masters compete(E) if chess masters were competing •11. Those who have already attended a performance of the play have said that it is at once exhausting because of its length and complexity but its clever plot is still intriguing.(A) but its clever plot is still intriguing(B) although it is still intriguingly clever in its plot(C) however it is intriguing in its clever plot(D) while a clever plot makes it intriguing(E) and intriguing because of its clever plot12. After peeking (A) through the stage curtains to check(B) the size of the audience, Jen reported to the cast that there was(C) many people present for(D) the opening night performance. No error (E)13. Hiking through(A) the the forest last weekend, the Hollisters discovered a clearing where they find(B) cars and auto parts that had been abandoned(C) far from(D) any road. No error (E)14. Unless(A) the layers of the dermis are(B) seriously damaged, when the skin of an injured fingertip heals, the body reproduces(C) the original fingerprint exact(D). No error (E)15. Much of (A) the success of both Jack Benny and Bob Hope as a master of (B) comic monologues can be attributed to(C) the creative work(D) of their talented joke writers. No error (E)16. The park commission is gaining (A) influence in the past A few years, but it (B) still has (C) to convince many skeptical voters to approve (D) a new county park. No error (E)17. As (A) king of England, Henry VIII eventually assumed an independence (B) in religious matters that was (C) intolerable to Thomas More, who had long been (D) his friend. No error (E)18. Few recordings of (A) Brahms's Alto Rhapsody manages (B) to convey (C) the serenity of (D) Kathleen Ferrier's version. No error (E)19. The first public buildings to have air-conditioning were often (A) movie theaters and restaurants, whose (B) owners tried to attract (C) customers by promising that you would be (D) cooler inside. No error (E)20. When (A) they first appeared in (B) 1864, copies of the African American newspaper New Orleans Tribune was printed(C) in French as well as (D) English. No error (E)21. Although raining (A), everyone who had come (B) to the A premiere of the new film was(C)determined to remain in the long line rather than (D) go home. No error (E)22. The telescope constructed by Galileo, which enabled people to observe the contours of the Moon, demonstrated that (A) lenses could (B) enhance the power of human vision to (C) a previous (D) unimaginable degree. No error (E)23. Marisa became fluent in French only after (A) she had lived in (B) France for a while; she would not have acquired the language as quickly (C) by studying (D) French at home. No error (E)24. Snowmobiles may now (A) be ridden within (B) the previously restricted part of the national park, even without (C) explicit permission for it (D). No error (E)25. Between A.D. 350 and (A) 550, Kolomoki, in what (B) is now Georgia, was one of (C) the largest and most densely (D) populated towns north of pre-Columbian Mexico. No error (E)26. Users of advanced software often think (A) that the initial (B) sections of their support manuals provide (C) them with all the information you (D) will ever need. No error (E)27. Contrasting (A) a résumé, a cover letter allows job applicants to write in (B) a more conversational (C) style and to suggest their (D) possible contributions to a company's success. No error (E)28. On her second attempt of rowing (A) across the Atlantic Ocean on her own (B), Tori Murden accomplished what (C) no citizen of the United States had before (D). No error (E)29. Having (A) methodically examined (B) the building and its entrances, the fire inspector concluded that (C) the owner had complied to (D) all regulations. No error (E)Questions 30-35 refer to the following passage.(1) To me, an art museum was never a place I would visit for pleasure. (2) The last time I went to the city museum, it affected me in a way I had never expected. (3) I wandered about aimlessly until I found myself on the European paintings floor. (4) The first painting I noticed, a work by El Greco, amazed me. (5) It did not look at all like the paintings by other artists. (6) This painting is called The Adoration of the Shepherds. (7) It looked like it was painted in this century, not the sixteenth century, and so do the other El Greco paintings in the gallery. (8) What appealed to me most was his use of light, which reminded me of the eerie glow we see in the sky on cloudy days, often during a pause between rain showers. (9) In The Adoration of the Shepherds, for example, El Greco uses light and color in his portrayal of people and celestial beings. (10) The figures seem so natural that you are surprised to sec them in a painting, and by contrasting, the lighting is so surreal that it is obvious that the angels and people are neither ordinary nor real. (11) Although I probably do not understand all of El Greco's symbolism, I like the passion and tragedy in his art.(12) In fact, discovering El Greco changed rm.30. The function of sentence 1 is to(A) establish the point of view that the passage will take(B) provide an important definition(C) present an assumption that the passage contradicts(D) state an argument that the passage develops(E) catch the reader's attention with a humorous statement31. In context, which most improves sentence 2 (reproduced below) ?The last time I went to the city museum, it affected me in a way I had never expected.(A) Add "however," after "museum".(B) Change "it" to "this place".(C) Change "in a way" to "such that".(D) Delete "had".(E) Change "expected" to "anticipated".32. In context, which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 6 and 7 (reproduced below) ?This painting is called The Adoration of the Shepherds. It looked like it was painted in this century, not the sixteenth century, and so do the other El Greco paintings in the gallery.(A) The paintings of El Greco in the gallery, including The Adoration of the Shepherds, look like they were painted in this century; not the sixteenth century.(B) El Greco's paintings in the gallery, like The Adoration of the Shepherds, which look like they were painted in this century but were really painted in the sixteenth century.(C) Like El Greco's other paintings in the gallery, this painting, The Adoration of the Shepherds, being really painted in the sixteenth century, looked like one painted in this century.(D) Like the other paintings by El Greco in the gallery, this one, The Adoration of the Shepherds, looked as if it had been painted in this century, not the sixteenth century.(E) This painting, The Adoration of the Shepherds, looked as though it was painted in this century, not the sixteenth century; as did the other El Greco paintings in the gallery.33. What is the best version of the underlined portion of sentence 10 (reproduced below) ?The figures seem so natural that you are surprised to see them in a painting by contrasting, the lighting is so surreal that it is obvious that the angels and people are neither ordinary nor real.(A) (as it is)(B) painting, then the contrast with the lighting(C) painting. In contrast, the lighting(D) painting. The lighting, contrasting,(E) painting, a contrast is that the lighting34. In context, which is the best replacement for "like" in sentence 11 (reproduced below) ? Although I probably do not understand all of El Greco 's symbolism, I like the passion and tragedy in his art.(A) ignore(B) appreciate(C) emphasize(D) realize(E) view35. Which of the following sentences would best conclude the essay?(A) I consider El Greco's paintings passionate and tragic but not sad or depressing.(B) Besides the work of El Greco, the paintings of many other European artists are available for museum visitors to enjoy.(C) In its use of color and light, The Adoration of the Shepherds is a painting that is most typical of the artist's style.(D) Paintings had never seemed important to me before, but I now look forward to learning even more about art.(E) You should visit your local art museum, and it might happen to you.SECTION 10IL One of Earth's largest living animals, the sperm whale can be growing to 60 feet long, weigh 60 tons, and swim at speeds of up to 20 miles an hour.(A) the sperm whale can be growing to 60 feet long(B) the sperm whale can grow to 60 feet long(C) the sperm whale that can be grown to 60 feet long(D) growing to 60 feet long as a sperm whale(E) it may grow into a sperm whale 60 feet long2. The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then she learned that she had won the Pulitzer Prize.(A) The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then she learned(B) After being awakened by the ringing telephone, the author learned(C) The author was awakened by the ringing telephone then it was learned by her(D) The telephone rang and awakened the author, she then learned(E) The phone rang, awakening her, then the author learned3. The image on a television screen is made up of hundreds of lines of colored dots and are redrawn many times a second, changing minutely each time.(A) dots and(B) dots and which(C) dots, which(D) dots, with which they(E) dots, they4. In the Kansas-Missouri border conflicts during the Civil War, people who were living beside one another all their lives were suddenly becoming mortal enemies.(A) were living beside one another all their lives were suddenly becoming(B) have lived beside one another all their lives suddenly became(C) are living beside one another all their lives have suddenly become(D) had lived beside one another all their lives suddenly became(E) live beside one another all their lives suddenly became5. During the United Nations' 58th annual assembly, delegates designates the decade from 2005 to 2015 as the Water for Life Decade in order to ensure freshwater supplies in every country.(A) designates the decade from 2005 to 2015 as(B) designating the decade from 2005 to 2015(C) has designated the decade from 2005 to 2015 to be(D) would be designating the decade from 2005 to 2015 isE) designated the decade from 2005 to 2015 as6. Although scientists have long attempted to find a cure for the common cold, they find it difficult to do so because there are so many different viral strains.(A) Although scientists have long attempted to find a cure for the common cold(B) Although attempting as scientists to find a cure for the common cold(C) Scientists, long attempting to find a cure for the common cold(D) Scientists who attempted to find a cure for the common cold, and(E) Scientists for long have attempted to find a cure for the common cold, however7. Unlike land birds, which have landmarks to help guide them in flight, there are no apparent markers for seabirds, which are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean without them.(A) there are no apparent markers for seabirds, which are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean without them(B) seabirds are able to navigate without such markers for great distances over open ocean(C) seabirds, which are able to navigate over open ocean for great distances, where there are apparently no markers(D) without such markers, seabirds are able to navigate for great distances over open ocean(E) over open ocean where there are no apparent markers seabirds nevertheless are able to navigate for great distances8. Unless people are experienced in canoeing, he or she should not travel on uncharted waters.(A) he or she should not travel on uncharted waters(B) one should not travel on uncharted waters(C) they should not travel on uncharted waters(D) we should avoid uncharted waters when traveling(E) uncharted waters should be avoided for traveling9. The director, who has worked as extensively in theater and in film, often juxtaposes intimate scenes and sweeping action in her movies.(A) and in(B) like in(C) as she was(D) as in(E) as10. Not being a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, just protecting one of his most important possessions, his pride.(A) Not being a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel,(B) Not that he was a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, but(C) Neither a stubborn fool nor a dishonorable scoundrel, he was(D) He was not a stubborn fool or a dishonorable scoundrel, being as he was(E) Him being neither a stubborn fool nor a dishonorable scoundrel, he was11. Genetic engineering of plants, which has both opponents and proponents, may help improve drought tolerance in vegetables, a development that could increase crop yields.(A) a development that could increase crop yields(B) and that could help the increase of crop yields(C) which would help for increasing crop yields(D) helping to increase, with this development, the yields of crops(E) as such a development would help increase the yields of crops12. The article indicates that organized aid is indispensable to maintaining public health when involving a nation that has both a drought and a civil war situation.(A) to maintaining public health when involving a nation that has both a drought and a civil war situation(B) to the maintenance of public health in a nation that is enduring both drought and civil war(C) for the maintaining of public health in the nation in a drought and civil war status(D) while public health maintained in a nation that endures both a drought and a civil war(E) when they are maintaining public health in a nation enduring both drought and civil war13. The programmers have created a video game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges and for providing them a wealth of educational benefits.(A) game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges and for(B) game notable both for offering students a variety of challenges, also for(C) game, it is notable for both offering students a variety of challenges and(D) game notable to offer students both a variety of challenges and(E) game notably offering students both a variety of challenges and14. Unlike early cowboy movies, in which the good and the bad are readily distinguishable, nearly every character in this film is presented as a villain.(A) nearly every character in this film is presented as a villain(B) this film presents nearly every character as a villain(C) this film has nearly every character presented as villains(D) almost every character this film presents is a villain(E) almost every character in this film is presented as villains。
2008年8月21日雅思写作考试预测试题
10. Today's parents spend too little time staying with their children and use television to make their children keep quiet. explain the reason and results by using our relevant experience. 11. You r going to London to take a training course for a month. please write a letter to the local accommodation agency to prepare a flat for u. u should tell him your information, your requirement, when you would arrive.
注意一下国际国内热点话题例如教育，奥运，环保，和平，能源危机，国际合作，社会经济生活，还要注意一下图表题，流程
图。G类小作文为各种书信，大家各准备一篇，大作文常为简单的A类考过的简单题目或者是生活，教育，职业类，和社会公
共系统（例如道路交通、公共场所等等）。
1、Some people claim one only language, such as English, should be used as the unique official language throughout the world. Do you agree or disagree? 2.Some people hold that the development of modern science and technology leads to envi
托福北美机经08.12.5NA(口语参考+独立作文范文)
的开头改到夏季summer。
理由1、秋季一开学，学生很忙schedules will tight，都忙着买书、搬新的宿舍。
理由2、在夏季的orientation，学生们可以提前认识未来的室友roommates。
【学生议论】：女生反对此计划。
理由1、买书搬家都是容易做到的事情manageable thing。
很多学生在夏季summer忙于工作be busy working，而且很多人住得离学校很远，把orientation改期会给他们带来不便，他们可能不会来参加orientation。
理由2、新生们可以meet roommates通过email 或者打电话telephone。
没必要face to face。
a student write a letter to the school, suggesting that school should change the orientation of the new students from fall semester into summer. He has 2 reasons, 1 is that students’ schedules are tight if the orientation is in autumn since they may busy buying books, moving into new dormitory. 2 is that if the orientation is put into summer, then students may have enough time to get know with their future roommates.The woman in the listening passage disagrees with this opinion since 1 buying books and moving to new dormitory are manageable things. Many students will busy working during summer and also many students live far from campus, this may bring them much inconvenience thus they may quit the orientation. 2 is that new students can meet their roommates by email them or just call them, there's no need to have face to face communication.Task 4【课文要点】：research enviry此词有问题，大家仔细听effect，意思是：人们一般做出选择会受到别人的影响。
2008全年雅思写作真题与考试点评
2008Ielts writing2008.1.12写作：TASK 1 是一个柱壮图，写德国、加拿大、英国 65岁老年人在三个不同的年代里人口所占的不同比例的对比TASK 2 有些人说应该让罪犯在监狱里待更长的时间，但是有些人却争论说可能有更好的选择来减少犯罪。
你的观点是什么?DISCUSS BOTH。
2008.1.26作文：Task1地图题，一个城市某区域改建前后区别，是音乐厅和商业中心没有动,原来地上的停车场改建成剧院\餐厅和旅店,停车场转为地下,然后,有个房子被推了,变成了公园,下面还有个地下的设施。
.Task2某些人认为在一些高失业率国家仅仅给大多数人基本教育就可以，不需要发展高等教育，请问你是否同意？并给出你的理由。
2008.2-22写作部分小作文：UK的出生率和死亡率。
曲线图，UK的birth and death rate前半段图是实际数据，后半段图是预测数据大作文：人类是否有权利用动物来满足自身需要的问题（题目：Some people think it is acceptable to use animals for the benefit of the human beings. Some people think it is wrong to exploit animals for the human purposes. What is you opinion?）2008.3.1写作：Task1: the chart gives information about the pay increases in five Europe countries (Irish 5%->3.2%, postural 3%->3.3%, UK 3.0%->2.9%, Germany 2.8->3.2% France 2.8%-2.8%) in 1999 and 2000, and the overall pay increase in the whole of Europe (Whole Europe 2.9%-2.8%).Task2: Most countries spend much money on education, As they start to realize the importance of education. In your opinion which two subjects do you think is more important and which one is less important. Please give your answers.subjects:Literature Sports Mathematics Economy Physics History Music Geography Philosophy Foreign languagesGive reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from yourown knowledge or experience.2008.4.5写作1关于比利时,日本,澳大利亚,美国 1970和2000年 60-65岁男性和女性的就业率，柱状图。
08年12月份试题
08年12月份试题08年12月份试题选择题1.Color and light,taken together, _______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.A,very powerfully influence B.very influence powerfullyC.powerfully very influence D influence powerfully very2. In her time,Isadora Duncan was ______ today a liberated woman.A,calling what we would B,who would be callingC,what we would call D,she would call it3.The world’s deepest cave, Pierre St. Martin in the Pyrenees mountains, is almost three times as deep ______ . A, as the Empire State Building is high B, that the Empire State Building is higher C,is higher than the Empire State Building D, and the Empire State Building’s height4.Earthquakes can damage a tree ____ violently, and it can take several years for the tree to heal. A, to cause shaking B,when shaking it causes C,by causing it to shake D,to cause to shake it5.In the fourteenth century, ___ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven. A, the discovery B, it was discovered C, with the discovery D,if it was discovered6.Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water ___ .A, to constantly flow into them B, is constantly flowing into themC,constantly flows into them C, constantly flowing into them7. Although both political parties wanted Dwight D. Eisenhower as their presidential nominee in 1952, he became aRepublican candidate and ____.A, President was electing B,was elected President C,to elect the President D, being elected President8.Even as a girl , ____ to be her life , and theatre audiences wrer to be her best teachers .A, performances by Fanny Brice were B,it was known for Fanny Brice’s performances were C, audiences knew that Fanny Br ice’s performances wereD,Fanny Brice knew that performing was9.Oliver Ellsworth, _____ of the United States Supreme Court , was the author of the bill that established the federal court system.. A, he was the third chief justice B, the third chief justice was C, who the third chief justice D, the third chief justice10. Mary Edmonia Lewis, a sculptor who studies at Oberlin College,was ___ by Harriet Hosmer. A, tutored in the neoclassical aesthetic B, the neoclassical aesthetic tutored inC, aesthetic in the neoclassical tutored C, the aesthetic neoclassical tutored in11 _____ , the silvery cheeked hornbill chooses a hollow tree for a nest and seals herself in until her chicks are grown . A, Protection for predators against B, Against protection predators for C, For protection against predators D, Predators against protection for12, Illustrator Norman Rockwell specialized in finely drawn, richly anecdotal scenes _____.A, of everyday small-town life B, of which everyday life in a small townC, were in asmall town every day D, small-town life every day13. Used only for wall surfaces that are exposed to view or require a decorative effect,_____.A, the exactness in shape,size,and color of face brickB, face brick must be exact in shape,size and color.C, must be face brick which is exact in shape,size and color D, the shape,size and color must be exact of face brick14 The dominant philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment _____ in the universe in terms forces that could detected by the human senses .A, an explanation for everything B, attempted to explain everything C, everything was an attempt D, explained and attempted15.The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature ,and _____ in which the oyster lives. A, the salt content of the water B, the water contains salt C, the content of the water is salt D, there is salt contained in the water 16. Not until about 20,000 B.C _____ executed. A, were known of the oldest paintings B, the oldest of known paintings were C, the oldest known were paintingsD, were the oldest known paintings17.In his book ,Social Theory and Social Structure, sociologist Robert Merton explored ____ in ways that society considers abnormal. A, those individual whose behaviorB, why do individuals behave C, why individuals behave D, the behavior of those individuals who 18. _____ choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of city life. A, So large numbers of people to B, There are large numbers of peopleC, Large numbers of people D, Large numbers of people who19.Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States ____ Henry Ford , a pioneer in automobile production. A, as was B, than was C, than did D, asdid 20. Abstraction goes into the making of any work in art, ____ or not .A, whether the artist being aware of it B, the artist is being aware whetherC, whether the artist is aware of it D, the artist is aware whether改错题：21.The Texas Panhandle region, in the northwestern part of the state, produces more wheat, cotton ,and grain sorghum than any of other area of Texas.22.The nitrogen makes up over 78 percent of he Earth’s atmosphere, the gaseous mass surrounding the planet.23.The basic elements of public-opinion research are interviewers, questionnaires ,tabulating equipment, and to sample population.24.A change in direction of the monsoon winds result from the differences between the beating or cooling of landmasses and that of oceans.25.Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.26.Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the American Revolution, inaugurateda broad curriculum in response of social demands.27 Booket T.Washington , an educational leader, worked throughout the lifetime to improve economic conditions for Black people in the United States .28.Surveys show that the majority of passengers are pleasing that an agreement has been reached to forbid smoking on commercial flights within continental United States.29. Migration of animals may be initiated by physiological stimuli such as reproductive changes , external pressures such as weather changes , or a combination of either types of changes.30.The Egyptians first discovered that drying fruit preserved , made it sweeter , and improvement its flavor.31. Designers of athletic footwear finely tune each category of shoe to its particularly activity by studying human motion and physiology.32.In a small community, behavioral norms are more universally understood and accepted , and are therefore more likely being homogeneous than in a large city..33.The average annual solar radiation received by the atmosphere varies strongly withlatitude-----it is four times great at the equator than at the poles.34. Although cultivated in the new world for hundreds of years , only within the last century the tomato has become recognized as a valuable food.35. Statistics show that there are only slightly fewer males than females in the teaching profession , yet it is popularly believed that the vast majority of teacher are women.36.Colorfastness , durability , and resistance to moisture make mosaic a practical from of architectural decoration in the warm and humidity areas of the Mediterranean basin.37.For convenience it common to speak of plants as “herbs”, “shrubs”, and “trees”, but it is really no sharp distinctions among them .38. The clasmosaur : a giant prehistoric sea reptile with fierce-looking jaws and flippers , hada muscular neck that accounted for much than half its length.39.Even many early leaders of the United States have provided names for towns ,only George Washington is remembered in the name of a state.40. In a controversial eating guide entitled Are You Hungry ?Jane Hirschmann and Lela Zaphiropolous argue that children instinctively know what foods are good for selves.选择题2：1. A clumsy workman is likely to find fault with his tools . A heavy B stupid C unskillful D lazy2.Misunderstanding arose on account of the vague instructions on the part of the manager.A undeterminedB confusedC ambiguousD wrong3. When the wind died down , the sailboat drifted toward the beach.A headedB floatedC hurried C returned4. The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotten away.A virtuallyB essentiallyC alwaysD basically5. That car model has become obsolete. A outmoded B popular C modern D out of stock6.There seems to be a vogue for selling small boats this summer.A difficultyB utilityC fashionD requests7. Instead of fighting , the two nations settled the quarrel in an amicable way.A naturalB negotiativeC peaceableD reasonable8. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard from miles.A shoutedB grewC cheeredD scattered9. Thus our conviction is reinforced that only socialist revolution can really solve the problems ofthe people . A argument B proposal C belief D theory10. Is a woman to be more highly esteemed for her talent or for her beauty?A estimatedB evaluatedC respectedD reckoned11.The employer must verity that the applicants for the post have the proper qualifications .A measurementsB talentsC skillsD credentials12. Drunken driving is a major catastrophe in which a great many lives have been lost.A casualtyB disasterC changeD threat13.Rain runs down a spout from the roof to the ground.A flowB dustC seedD filth14.Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.A sympathyB regretC wistfulnessD sorrow15.The boy did not reach the stature of his father, he was always under his arm.A featureB independenceC heightD position16.This matter is not very important, and shouldn’t detain us a long time .A retardB embarrassC disdainD deplore17.His puny attempts at producing a financial plan for the department did not impress his boss.A effectiveB significantC ineffectiveD hard18.Going out for a walk when it’s pouring with rain is a ludicrous idea.A imaginedB fancifulC cleverD ridiculous19.She ruminated for weeks about whether to tell him or not.A ponderedB hid the truthC promisedD admitted/doc/7a16f22387c24028915fc3a9.html anizing ability is an essential attribute for a good manager.A abilityB qualityC aspectD faculty21.The driver distorted the account of the fact to escape blame.A illustratedB reportedC falsifiedD explained22. Te cat’s happy expression bore testimony that it hadeaten the cream.A doubtB proofC experienceD revelation23.She implored her mother to give permission for her to go on the trip.A persuadedB suggestedC beseechedD enforced24.The Red Cross appealed to philanthropy to save the life ofa prison.A publicB charityC justiceD attorney25.He devoted himself to the protection of the denizens of the forest.A visitorsB customersC merchantsD inhabitants26.We surmised that the traffic delay was caused by some accident on the highway.A assessedB supposedC decidedD confessed27.The woman was astounded to learn that her dearestfriend had been spreading had gossip about her. A surprised B irrigated C disappointed D frightened28.That man has been designated by the President as the next secretary of State.A appointedB decidedC admittedD recommended29.Cut a piece of lead or zinc, and observe the luster of its fresh surface.A brillianceB fractionC purenessD Groove30.Farmers in the 1930’s had to contend against drought and dust .A preventB conquerC struggleD censure--------------------------------------------------本套试题到此结束--------------------------------------------。
托福08北美机经
2008.6.21 北美机经第一部分、阅读：第1篇、关于fungi和plant的根部的共生关系。
（1）10分钟14道题目。
内容，真菌与植物共生的关系。
想说历史上的误区－认为真菌都是有害的，原因是案例都是针对危害植物的。
德国植物学家，某某教授（我只能屏记忆，因为没有带稿纸回来），因为黑块菌的经济价值（luctive，考点），应德国政府的研究在针对德国黑块菌的研究实时发现——真菌与橡树的根系均有供盈关系。
真菌分解某些植物掺杂而得到养分、矿物质，其中一部分分给植物所用；另一方面职务的光合作用的部分养分转给真菌。
同时这些关系在针叶树中也发现——在贫瘠的地方尤为重要，因为真菌可以吸收更广泛的矿物质有益于共生关系的植物（考点），所以共生关系是有益的——补充相关生物知识的不足。
第2篇、关于古希腊的马的雕塑的发展演变，有个单词sleek .会问什么意思雕像：1200BC－900BC的地中海地区雕像主题是马，一般是宗教所用（考点）。
但是雕像较小且用陶瓷做成，后在800BC以后用铜为主。
期间早期造型与陶瓷阶段类似，简单，只是茎部能辨出是马！（考点），随着时间推移，工艺进化（考点）。
其用途在罗马期间因为马不是经济动物（牛），主要用途是运输、和战争（考点）。
作为宗教图腾马主要表明马主人借着马的宗教意义在战争中的获得保佑（考点）。
第3篇、关于恐龙和鸟的相似形比较。
恐龙和鸟在很多方面相似，第一有羽毛恐龙化石发现，第恐龙下蛋，并且会孵化。
恐龙的体积增加迅速，这个只见于温血动物，类似于鸟。
有一种恐龙以前人们以为它偷蛋，但是后来发现其实它不过是在像鸟一样孵化蛋。
加试1、苏美尔文化加试2、达尔文进化论第二部分、听力：第1篇、一个男的到教授那里问一个television research的事情。
这个学生想参加，但是时间都冲突了。
最后教授说她认识那男生工作地方 Fox diner的老板，她会打电话给那个老板让他通融一下。
第2篇、 human brain functionpsychology, about your dream, music dream, elements, brain function work第3篇、生物：植物的花与气候和广造光的关系。
2008新托福TOEFL-iBT写作题库分类（五）1
10.⽣活，习惯：105) Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.有些⼈喜欢在⼩城镇⽣活，有些⼈喜欢在⼤城市⽣活。
你喜欢哪个？106) Some people like to travel with a companion. Other people prefer to travel alone. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.有⼈喜欢结伴⽽旅游。
有⼈喜欢单独旅游。
你喜欢哪个？108) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer⼈们有时要做⾃⼰不喜欢的事。
同意与否？109) Some people spend their entire lives in one place. Others move a number of times throughout their lives, looking for a better job, house, community, or even climate. Which do you prefer: staying in one place or moving in search of another place? Use reasons and specific examples to support your opinion.有⼈喜欢呆在⼀个城市，有⼈喜欢在不同的地⽅居住。
2008年英语托福考试真题
2008年英语托福考试真题The 2008 TOEFL Exam: A ReflectionIn the year 2008, the TOEFL exam, a widely recognized test of English proficiency, posed a unique set of challenges to test-takers around the world. This standardized assessment, designed to measure an individual's ability to use and understand the English language, has long been a crucial component in the academic and professional lives of countless individuals seeking to further their opportunities in an increasingly globalized world.The 2008 TOEFL exam was no exception, presenting a formidable array of tasks and questions that required test-takers to demonstrate their mastery of the language across a range of domains. From the Reading section, which challenged participants to comprehend and analyze a variety of academic texts, to the Listening section, which tested their ability to understand spoken English in various contexts, the exam demanded a well-rounded proficiency that encompassed both receptive and productive skills.The Writing section of the 2008 TOEFL exam was particularly noteworthy, as it called upon test-takers to showcase their ability tocraft coherent and persuasive essays on assigned topics. This component of the assessment not only evaluated an individual's command of grammar, vocabulary, and organizational structure, but also their critical thinking skills and capacity to effectively communicate their ideas in a written format.The Speaking section, on the other hand, provided test-takers with the opportunity to demonstrate their oral communication abilities, requiring them to respond to prompts, engage in discussions, and deliver short presentations. This aspect of the exam tested not only the test-takers' fluency and pronunciation, but also their ability to articulate their thoughts and opinions in a clear and concise manner.Throughout the 2008 TOEFL exam, test-takers were challenged to draw upon a diverse range of linguistic and cognitive abilities, from the ability to comprehend complex academic texts to the capacity to express themselves effectively in both written and spoken English. The exam's emphasis on assessing a broad spectrum of language skills underscored the multifaceted nature of English proficiency and the importance of developing a well-rounded mastery of the language.For many test-takers, the 2008 TOEFL exam represented a significant milestone in their academic or professional journeys, a necessary hurdle to clear in order to gain admission to prestigious universities,secure employment in international organizations, or simply demonstrate their linguistic capabilities to prospective employers or educational institutions.The challenges posed by the 2008 TOEFL exam were not simple or easily surmounted, but for those who rose to the occasion, the sense of accomplishment and the doors that were opened as a result of their success were truly invaluable. The exam served as a testament to the dedication, hard work, and perseverance of those who sought to master the English language and leverage their linguistic abilities to further their personal and professional aspirations.In the years that have passed since the 2008 TOEFL exam, the test has continued to evolve and adapt to the changing needs of the global landscape, but the core principles and objectives that have guided its development remain steadfast. As a tool for assessing English proficiency, the TOEFL exam remains a vital component in the educational and professional lives of countless individuals, a touchstone for those who aspire to succeed in an increasingly interconnected world.。
08、09新托福考题汇总 (Independent Writing Task)
2008新托福考题汇总（Independent Writing Task）08.01.05=06.12.16≈62/185Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to have a friend who is smart than to have a friend who is humorous.08.01.13=06.10.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students at university or in college should choose the most difficult classes even if they cannot get top grades (marks) in them.08.01.19=06.11.05Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Universities should give every member of the team the same grade when the team finishes a project.08.02.02=07.01.19≈55/185≈61/185Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most people prefer having other people make decisions for them rather than making decisions by themselves.08.02.1672/185=06.12.03Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades (marks) encourage students to learn.08.02.24=06.10.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Renewable sources of energy (sun, wind, water) will soon replace fossil fuels (gas, oil and coal).08.03.0274/185=06.11.18Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.08.03.08=03.07 USDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? People today spend too much time on enjoyment - what they like to do, rather than on what they should do.08.03.15=06.12.10=41/185Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals.08.03.30Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 months a year studying.08.04.27=07.01.13=65/185Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.08.05.04=05.03 USDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology makes children less creative than they were in the past.08.05.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should invest more money in sports rather than in arts.08.05.17=07.03.23=57/185Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to watch movies designed for you to think than to watch movies designed to amuse and entertain.08.05.31≈108/185Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to solve problems using our own knowledge and experience than to ask other people for advice.08.06.07Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time, so children should not be allowed to play computer games.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important thing governments should do to improve health care is to clean up the environment.08.06.29=07.05.12≈1 /185≈107 /185Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University education is the most important factor for success in life.08.07.12=07.01.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Drivers have to pay a fee for driving in busy city streets when there is a great amount of traffic.08.08.03=07.06.09Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years, people will lead a more leisurely life.08.08.09=07.07.07=08.08 US≈124/185Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Basic science should be a mandatory course for all university students even if it is not related with their field of study.08.08.17=07.04.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to know every event happening around the world even if it is unlikely to have any effect on your daily life.08.08.24Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A teacher who is a serious and strict person is more effective in teaching than a teacher who is a humor and easygoing person.08.09.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People buy things not because they need them but because others buy them.08.09.28=07.08.11Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The only way for the government to encourage energy conservation is to increase the price of gasoline and electricity.08.10.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Visiting the museums is the best way to learn about a country.08.10.18=10.17 USDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? People can benefit more from traveling in his own country than traveling to foreign countries.08.10.26=07.02.03Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People can learn more from watching television than from reading books.08.11.01=07.06.02Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High school graduates should spend one year to find a job or travel before they enter the university.08.11.09=07.04.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and televisions have more negative effects than positive effects on young people’s behavior.08.11.15=07.06.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parent s can’t control children because children are easily influenced by TV, radio and the outside world.08.11.23=11.22 USDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students are influenced more by their teachers than by their friends.08.12.06=07.06.24Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to finish a project completely and then start another project than to work on several projects at the same time.08.12.07=07.09.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Spending time alone is the best way to truly relax and reduce stress.08.12.13=07.05.18Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to spend money on something that lasts a long time, such as an expensive piece of jewelry, than on something that provides a short-term pleasure, such as a vacation.其他考区考题搜集08.01.18USDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? People feel happier doing difficult and challenging work (such as schoolwork or a job) than doing easy work.08.04.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should pay more attention on healthy care issues than on environmental issues.08.05.16是电话影响大还是电视影响大？08.06.28 US该不该一生住一个地方还是搬到另一个地方住. people should live in the city or country all life instead of moving to another place.92009新托福考题汇总（Independent Writing Task）09.01.10=07.12.01Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should not pay to use public transportation.09.01.18=08.02.15北美Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the modern society, it is not important for families to regularly eat meals together. w/ H$ X09.02.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To be well-informed, people should get information from many different information sources.09.02.22=07.10.5北美Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The purpose of television should be to educate and not to entertain.09.02.28=07.05.19Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid as much as lawyers, doctors, and business leaders are paid.09.03.14=07.10.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to spend money on traveling and vocation instead of saving it in the bank for the future.09.03.22=09.03.21北美Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should focus more onpreserving the natural environment and less on economic development.09.03.28=09.03.27北美Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should not make their social or political view known by their students in the classroom.09.03.29=07.08.04Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 20 years from now, students will no longer use the printed books.09.05.09Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage money at a very young age09.05.16=07.10.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take a course of culture of a country other than their own.09.05.31=07.11.24Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years, people will spend less time on cooking or preparing food.09.06.13=07.07.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is.09.06.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology designed to make our lives simpler actually make our lives more complicated.09.06.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? For future career success, the ability to relate well to other people is more important than studying hard in school.09.07.25Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Being creative, rather than planning carefully, more often results in the best solution to a problem.09.08.02Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are happier when they finish a challenging or difficult job than when they do an easy job.09.08.08=07.10.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should be paid according to how well their students perform.09.08.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to do things quickly even at the risk of making mistakes than to do them slowly and ensure that everything is correct.09.09.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should spend all time on studying and playing rather than help do household chores.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People in the past were more friendly than they are now.09.09.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should pay more attention to health-care issues than environmental issues.09.10.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It was easier to be success in the past than it is today.09.10.18Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more fun to watch a movie in a cinema (or theatre) than to watch a movie at home.09.10.24Do you agree with the following statement? It is one of the best ways that parents help their children prepare for adult life to encourage them to take part-time jobs.09.10.25Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Visiting the museum is the best way to know the country.09.11.01Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends your same age.09.11.08Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Good looks and dresses are more important for success than good ideas.It is important to have the rules about types of clothing that people are allowed to work and school, do you agree or disagree?09.11.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should give money to the school-children for their high marks they get in exams.09.11.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People buy things not because that they need them but because other people have them.09.12.05Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Modern life is more and more complex and therefore，it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.09.12.12Parents do not understand their children so well as parents did 50 years ago. Do you agree or disagree?09.12.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The ability of reading and writing is more important than it was in the past.其他考区考题搜集08.01.18USTSHDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? People feel happier doing difficult and challenging work (such as schoolwork or a job) than doing easy work.08.04.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should pay more attention on healthy care issues than on environmental issues.08.05.16是电话影响大还是电视影响大？08.06.28 US该不该一生住一个地方还是搬到另一个地方住. people should live in the city or country all life instead of moving to another place.9 {&。
2008年10月25日北美托福机经
2008年10月25日北美托福机经阅读很恶心，第一篇古罗马的人文文章，还有地图，第二篇不记得了，第三篇讲月球形成听力基本没记住口语第一题将你是怎么KEEP HEALTH的Well, personally speaking, i keep healthy through playing basketball.（同学们，我上课大谈特谈的打篮球板块）First because when I am playing basketball, I jump, shooot and I even block other players' movement. so physically speaking, that is a boost to my health. for example, all that action will enhance my heart and make it function better.and you know, trying to achieve that, i play basketball for at least 3 hours every day. second, since I am so big on playing basketball, I really get a kick out of it. and I am so happy playing basketball either by mysefl or with other team member. and i am really in a good mood which will improve my health situation physically.第二题你喜欢开party庆祝生日还是quiet庆祝生日上课我们曾经说过的安静板块personally speaking, i prefer to celebrate my birthday in a quiet way instead of (第二题必然用上这个词组，很地道)throwing a party or something. first because i think i am kind of quiet. i like to do everything in a quiet way instead of being surrounded by a lot of people. for example, i hate to have meals with a lot of others since i hate noise and don't feel like talkin' when i am dining. so celebrating my birthday is no exception. second, usually i have something to tell my friends in a birthday party like my experience in this past or how I feel about one year older. so you can imagine how bad it is for me to do this if there are 10 people around me. there is absolutely no way for me to concentrate on my conversation. so i would rather have like less than 3 people for my birthday celebration. and that's way i prefer to celebrate my birthday in a quiet way.第三题是讲学校改变了一个学期一次的art什么东西变成一学期两次，还加上要paper.男生反对(the man is against this for the following reasons)，有两点不喜欢被强迫(don't feel like being pressed to do something)，没有时间。
2008-2011年新托福写作北美机经
2011.1.15Some people think university professors should spend more time doing research while others think they should spend more time educating students. What is your view? (Education2011.1.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The fast development of society today is a positive trend.(Old vs New2011. 1. 29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The world is changing quickly. People are less happy than before.(Old vs New, 这是自2008年1月以来两大考区同周末第12次重题）2011. 2. 5Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: One of the characteristicsof successful leaders is the sense of responsibility for accepting their mistakes. (Success 2011.2.11Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Parents should allow children to make mistakes and let them learn from their own mistakes. (Education&Family2011.3.4Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The most important problems in today's world will be solved in our lifetime. (Present vs Future2011.4.2Which kind of universities do you prefer, universities whose graduates can find good jobs or universities where there are famous professors? (Education2011.5.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: We can know more about a person from the types of friends he/she has. (Friends2010.1.15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: In order to become financially responsible adults, children should manage their own money at the young age. (Money2010.1.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People who go outside are more successful and happier than people who stay in villages. (Success2010.1.30Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The government should support scientific research that does not have any practical use. (Government2010.2.13Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People holding different views cannot achieve success as a team.(Success2010.2.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:All high-school students should take basic economic courses.(Education2010.3.6Which is better, challenging plans about one's future or practical plans about one's future? (Success2010.3.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: If parents want their childrento do well at school, they should limit the time their children spend on watching TV. (Education & Media2010.3.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members so there's no need for the government to help them.(Government2010.3.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:In order to make ourselves happy, we should learn how to make others happy first.(与3月27日大陆重题，这是2008年1月以来的第7次同周末重题）(Leisure2010.4.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from their own work.(Leisure2010.4.24Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The way a person is dressed in is a good indication (体现）of his/her character or personality.(Work, Education & Leisure2010.5.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have them care for animals.(Education & Animals(与5月8日大陆重题，这是2008年1月以来的第8次同周末重题）2010.5.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:We need to have different sources of news and information to know which one is the real one or who is telling the truth.(Media）2010.5.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Woring at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office. （Work2010.6.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People should take a secure job immediately when finding one instead of waiting for the job that they find more satisfying.(Work2010.6.19If you need to discuss upsetting or controversial problems with others, will you use e-mail/text messaging OR use telephone/voice-messaging. (本题看起来很神，其实这是标准的美式故弄玄虚，说白了就是在跟别人讨论容易招人烦或者惹争议的事情时你是愿意用文字还是用语音(Media2010.6.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is more likely for people with more skills to succeed.（Success2010.7.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Many countries are paying attention to environmental problems. But the attention is not making the environmental situations better.(Environment2010.7.24The personal and work-related challenges that young people face today are notany different from the challenges their parents and grandparents faced when they were young. （Young VS. Old2010.8.13Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money. (Animals2010.8.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People care more about public recognition than about money. Even if no more money is given, public recognition can still make people work harder.(Money & Success2010年9月11日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：Parents today are more involved in their children's education than parents were in the past. (Education（2008年以来两大考区同周末第9次重题）2010年10月9日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：Compared with people who live in urban areas, the people who live in rural areas can take better care of their families.(Family2010年10月22日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：The advice from the grandparents is of no use to their grandchildren because the world has changed a lot over the past 50 years.(Family2010年11月6日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago. (Family2010年11月13日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：To improve the quality of education，universities should spend more money on professors' salaries.(Education（2008年以来两大考区同周末第10次重题）2010年12月11日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：It is more enjoyable to have a job and work long hours for three days in a week than to work shorter hours for five days in a week.(Work（2008年以来两大考区同周末第11次重题）2010年12月18日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：Two people can still become friends if one of them has more money than the other one does. (Friends2009年新托福写作北美机经2009.1.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Improving schools is the most important factor in the successful development of a country.(Education2009 .1.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Advertising is the most important cause of unhealthy eating habits.(Media2009.2.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:In order to become well-informed, one has to get information from different news resources.(Media2009.2.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Newspapers and magazines are the best ways to learn about a foreign country. (Media 2009.2.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.(Work2009.3.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is better to use one’s own knowledge and experience to solve problems than to get advice from others.(Success2009.3.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is better to spend money on traveling and vacation than to save money for the future.(Money2009.3.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:To remain happy and optimistic when you fail is more important than achieving success. (Success2009.3.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Twenty years from now on, students will not use printed books anymore . (Education2009.4.3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The best way to improve education is to raise teachers’ salaries.(Money2009.5.9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:To become financially responsible individuals, people should be taught how to manage money at a young age. (Money2009.5.15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：Professional athletes who receive high salaries, such as football or basketball players, deserve what they get.(Work2009．5．30Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Younger school children (aged five to ten should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.（Education）2009 .6.5Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Solving environmental problems is the best way for the government to improve public health.(Government2009.6.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:University students should take part-time jobs.（Education & Work）2009.6.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Successful leaders should make others part of the decision-making process. (Success2009.7.25Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Movies and TV programs made in one’s own country is always more interesting than those made in other countries.(Media2009.8.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Parents should allow children to make their own choices rather than determine their children’s future for them.(Family2009.9.19Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds. (Government & Money2009.9.25Do you prefer to take a low-paid but secure job or a job with a high salary but easy to lose?(Work2009.10.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Movies and televisions should always show audience that good people are rewarded and bad people are punished. (Media2009.10.24Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Parents should help their children prepare for future life through encouraging them to take part-time jobs.(Family2009.10.31Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is not good to move to a new city or a new country because you will lose old friends.(Friends2009.11.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:To achieve successful development of a country, a government should focus its budgets more on young children’s education rather than on universities.(Government & Education2009.11.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Parents should give money to their children for their high marks at school. (Education2009.12.4Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People should buy things that are made in their own country, even if the price of these products is higher than that of the products made in other countries.(Money2009.12.11Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Parents do not understand their children as well as the parents did 50 years ago. (Family2009.12.19Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People would be happier with fewer possessions.(Money2008年新托福写作北美机经2008.1.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The government should focus more on environmental problems and less on economic development.(Government2008.1.18Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People are happier when they finish a challenging or difficult job than when they complete an easy task.(Work2008.1.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Successful people accept new things and take risks rather than hold on to the things that they have done well.(Success2008.2.1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Being creative is more important in finding the best solution to a problem than planning carefully.(Work2008.2.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Advertisements targeting children aged between 2 and 5 should be banned.(Media2008.2.15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is important for families to have meals together regularly.(Family08.2.23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Technology makes people's lives simpler rather than makes people's lives more complicated.(Technology2008.3.1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:To solve the present and future problems, it is necessary to understand the past. (Success2008.3.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People today spend too much time on enjoyment. We only do what we like to do rather than what we should do.(Leisure2008.3.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The environmental issue is too complex to be solved by the individuals. （Environment）2008.3.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is more important to have rules about the types of clothing that people wear at work and at school.(Work & Education2008.4.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The government should give priority to improving healthcare than to solving environmental problems.(Environment2008.5.3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Technology has made children less creative than children were in the past. (Technology2008.5.9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The government should spend more money on improving access to the Internet than on the public transportation.(Government2008.5.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Telephone has greater influence on people's lives than TV.(Media2008.5.30Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People today are not as friendly as people were in the past.(Friends2008.6.6Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Playing computer games is a waste of time for children.(Technology2008.6.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Good looks and clothing are more important for success than good ideas.(Success2008.6.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People should live in a city or a country all their lives instead of moving to another place. (Work & Leisure2008.7.11Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Today, parents do not understand their children as well as the parents did 50 years ago. （Family）2008.8.2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It was easier to achieve success in the past than it is today.2008.8.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:All university students should take basic science courses, regardless of their field of concentration.(Education2008.8.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Most businesspeople are motivated only by the desire for more money.(Money2008.8.23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:A serious and strict teacher is more effective than a teacher who is humorous and easygoing.(Education2008.9.5Which source is more dependable for news, TV or newspapers?(Media2008.9.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Children should play and study rather than learn how to do household chores. (Education & Family2008.9.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Printed books have greater effects on society than TV does.(Media2008.10.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others. (Success2008.10.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People benefit more from travelling in their own country than travelling in a foreign country.(LeisureDo you agree or disagree with the following statement:Students who can keep their own rooms organized are more likely to succeed. (Education2008.10.31Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is more fun to see a movie in the cinema with other people than see a movie at home. (Media2008.11.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Scientists should be responsible for the negative impact that is brought by their discoveries or inventions.2008.11.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Children should only play sports for fun rather than play sports in competitions or contests.(Education2008.11.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Students are more influenced by teachers than by their friends.(Education & Friends2008.12.5Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Sports teaches us lessons about life.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Spending time alone is the best way to relieve stress.(Leisure2008.12.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People who have interest in different things cannot be friends.(Friends2008.12.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:Sports and exercises are more important to elderly people than to young people. (Old vs. Young2008.12.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:People should be allowed to use cell phones on public transportation such as buses and trains.(Transportation。
2008_11_01考试(新托福)
2008/11/01考试(新托福)关键字：试验研究软化临界现象软岩饱水试验自组织临界性2008年的11月1日，参加了念叨很久的Toefl考试。
一直都没好好复习。
单词没背，模拟没做，不知道什么是机经。
只是在考前的一个星期里把作文看了看，看来只有吃老本了。
于是，带着一颗忐忑不安的心，坐进了考场。
?阅读、听力、口语、作文，一共4小时。
考后感觉很糟糕，估计是做的最差的一次英语考试了。
?最没有把握的是口语。
由于事前没啥准备，而且最近说英语说得又少，考试时严重缺乏思路，都不知道该如何说，说得真是一团糟。
?阅读方面，第一篇读得很差，关于地理地质方面的，N多单词不认识。
第二、三篇还好，一个是关于欧洲印刷术的，一个是关于英国圈地运动的。
?听力方面，材料覆盖实在是广，鸟的迁徙、霸王花、古代的瓷片、驯鹿、Jazz 等。
听到后面都有点坐不住了，想着怎么半天都没有完啊，后来才知道原来有加试题。
?作文方面，还好。
估计是喝的红牛终于起了效果，这时的头脑还算兴奋。
第一篇综合写作，先读后听再写，关于北美动物灭绝的。
做得一般，在回忆听力材料点时有些遗忘和偏差了，写出来的东西估计没能准确踩到得分点。
第二篇独立写作，题目是“有的人高中毕业后想工作或旅游一年后再进大学学习，说说个人看法。
”要求在半小时内写300字以上。
思考了15秒，选择了disagree，理由一是浪费时间，理由二是破坏了教育的连续性，写到这里，才写了200字，但却用了20分钟，于是急了，开始疯狂编造第三个理由，从现实着手，说明要是高中毕业后就工作，不光找不到好工作，还会造成心理压力，容易让人后悔。
这么一写，居然写到了350字，有意思。
?哎。
总体看来，其实考试并不难，只是自己没有准备好。
作为一次英语考试经历来说，还算是有历史意义的，而且还弄了点花絮：本以为拿了身份证就可以参加考试，结果人家说还得拿护照或学生证再次验证一下，于是，折腾了30分钟，跟监考的人说情，请他们出个主意，后来是让我用手机登陆公安部的网站下了相片才登记了考试，虚惊了一场。
2008年8月2日北美托福机经
2008年8月2日北美托福机经阅读:1. 将动植物分类是很难的，以前很简单，就是按照外表和生理上不同来分类。
但是后来这种办法就落后，不管用。
以后就有了更科学的分类方法。
从四个方面来分类。
（这个最难，脑子都乱了，记不清了，抱歉。
）2，电影中的音效。
很多人认识电影里头的声音是同步录制的，其实声音是专门制作的。
而且声音能扮演主要角色。
1，可以解释画面，2，可以引导观众的注意，有个单词题“ambiguous”.声音为了加强这些效果，可以用提高pitch, 不同节奏，等等3，大陆板块漂移理论。
以前的科学家假设大陆架下面有一层液态的岩浆，所以他们认为大陆会做垂直运动。
但是有个人很早就提出大陆漂移理论。
也就是大陆不但可以垂直运动，还可以水平移动。
他举了两个例子：两个分开的大陆上，动物化石显示以前是相类似的动物。
阿尔卑斯山的考古发现，这里有山体横向移动的证据。
但是，这个人的理论已开始不能被广泛接受。
虽然一些偏远地方的科学家支持这个观点，但是主流科学届不接受这个观点。
这里头有些著名的学者反驳他的理论。
有人用数学计算的方法，有人也是用化石的方法来反驳。
直道60年代，新证据和新技术的出现，才这个理论广泛接受。
听力：请不住那么多了。
第一个是有个学生想改学别的课程。
教授就提醒他，还有别的方法可以帮助他。
比如同时学这两门，写一个论文把两个概念都弄进去剩下的记不清了。
有个是将红树林生态系统。
那它跟热带雨林比较。
有些相似之处。
同时，它有面临很多威胁，比如人类的危害，厄尔尼洛现象。
口语：1，那个对孩子最好：飞机，计算机，还是电视机2，孩子在大城市生长好，还是在小地方好3，学校决定把艺术系的表演搬到校外的一个剧场去。
女同学不同意，理由，很少有同学愿意去那里看戏，第二个，新剧场虽然有很多时髦的设备，但是学生不太会用，所以对提高表演没有好处。
不如还在学校的小剧场里表扬4，一些老建筑稍微装修一下可以发挥新的用途。
比如把一个巧克力工厂改成剧场。
2008新托福TOEFL-iBT独立写作指导（一）1
例⼀：Topic:Some young adults want independence from their parents as soon as possible. Other young adults prefer to live with their families for a longer time. Which of these situations do you think is better? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Topic NotesThis topic, in effect, equates independence with living apart from one's family. Both broader and narrower definitions of independence and “non-independence” are acceptable as possible responses to the given topic, even though a majority of writers will write to the dichotomy presented by the prompt. Some writers take a general overview and their choices and examples are general and “philosophical.” Others use specific personal examples or personal narratives in their approach to the topic. Some writers lake a specific side of the issue, and others approach the topic b\ discussing conditions under which it is better to move away and conditions under which a young adult might do better to stay longer with the family. All these approaches arc valid, on-topic responses and are judged by the raters on their merits according to the scoring guidelines for this task type.Score 5 Essay—Sample 1Every young adults will grow and live apart from their parents to form their own families.The ages for those young adults to be independent depends on each person. Some people may have to live longer with their parents and some others may not. This essay will discuss the issue of independent life and living with their families for a longer time.Most young adults prefer to have a seperate or independent life from their parents or families as soon as possible. This is because they have a strong urge for freedom in doing what they desire. But in fact many of them fail. This should not be surprising since often they are actually not ready mentally although they are physically ready. It is widely understood that to live independently requires a lot of energy and Js not easy at all. In this twenty first century, people may need more and more preparation because competition is increasing rapidly. An observation shows that many University graduated students are unemployed. The refore, they will not be able to support and fulfill their necessities.So living independently at an early age is not suitable for all young adults, some young adults may need to take more time to prepare themselves before going out to struggle. Young adults need to be ready to support themselves. Taking time to get more education and living with their families for a longer time may lead them to a better independent life because they will be well prepared for the hard-life outside. Still, living with their families for *too* long will not be a good idea because they could get to used to it and tend to be less independent.The time to live independently depends on the person himself. He or she must decide whether they are ready to leave their parents to have an independent life or not. The decision will vary from one person to another. A person should judge that he is capable of fulfilling his needs without being dependent on his parents; this indicates that he is ready for his independent life. Otherwise he might need to stay longer with his parents.Rater's CommentsThis well-developed essay meets all the criteria for earning a score of 5. The writer develops the topic through a detailed discussion of independence and of the suitability of living independently. The essay is unified and coherent. Sentence structure is varied, especially in paragraphs 2 and 3. The writer does not use high-level vocabulary, but word choice is correct throughout. There are minor errors (“University graduated students,” “fulfill their necessities”), but these in no way interrupt the flow or meaning of the essay.Score 5 Essay—Sample 2Independence! Who doesn't want independece? But the bigger question is how much of an independence is being discussed here? Generally, when teenagers grow up, their needs and habit of living change. Some would like their parents to be in control of the major decisions of their lives, while on the other hand, some would not like their parents to be involved in any sort of decision making process of their lives. In my opinion, the young adults should always consult their parents as their guides. I will try to demonstrate my point in the following paragraphs.Let's assume a teenager grows up into a young adult. Now a major decision that he/she might have had to make was to what college/university they were going to attend. If we assume that the person seek complete independence from the early age, then they are generally going to make the decision themselves. But even if they made this desicion by themself, what is the probability that this is the best desicion. We all would agree that the best lesson learned is from a mistake, but why even let that happen? This is the most important decision they would have to make so far, and if they don't ask around, if they don't look at the wider picture, how are they supposed to end up at their very best opportunity? This is what is known as a making/breaking point because this decision of theirs can make or break a very powerful potential future.Now, suppose they passed the first make/break point. Then comes another one when they are going to marry. Normally, in the western culture, the man and the woman choose their marriage partners themselves, so this is not much of an important issue here. But, what about the cultures that predominantly have arranged marriages? In that case, choosing a husband or a wife could be a huge decision, because generally the marriages are not as easily broken as in the western culture. So, whenit comes to this point, one would definately want to know their parents thinking and their previous experiance. This could come in very handy when one has a choice to make.To sum it up, it is very good idea to ask for parents guides, and is never a bad a idea to give up a part of independence for a better future.Rater's CommentsThis essay has a rather informal, conversational tone and an “argument” that is coherently an (fully developed. Sentence structure is varied throughout, and the writer consistently demonstrate~ command of language and English idioms, especially by using various informal expression~ (“Let's assume,” “we would all agree,” “can make or beak” “come in very handy”). The essay meets all the criteria for a score of 5.Score 4 Essay—Sample 1There are different opinion regarding how long young adults should live with their parents. Some argues that the sooner a young adults become independence is the better while other think that it will be beneficial if they can live with their parents longer. In my opinion both have positive and negative sides. This essay will provide arguments for each case.Some young adults favor for leaving their parents soon. They want to live free, independence from their parents' supervision. The good thing about being independence as soon as possible is that they can learn how to live by themselves. They must think how to support their living, otherwise they will still need the help of their parents and can not be independence. Living in their own will teach them how to be tough in facing real difficulties. But, staying away from parents soon could also lead to negative behaviour if the young adults can not control themselves. They might think that they can do whatever they want with the friends they like. If their friends give bad influence on them, no one will warn them and they can have problems. Thus, I will agree for young adults to become independence as soon as possible if they are already mature enough and able to control themselves.Parents can help to judge this before they release them.In the case of young adult is not mature enough, I believe that staying with parents will be better. Parents can provide guidance and help when their children need it. But, if the children is become too dependent on their parents, they will have difficulties in their older lives of becoming independece as the parents will not be available for them anymore. So parents in some way should teach their children about independence, for example by giving them responsibilities that should be handled without supervision. Based on those arguments, I would like to say that either way could be better that the other depending on the maturity of young adults themselves. If they are mature and have selfcontrol then living independently is better, otherwise they better stay with their parents until ready.Rater's CommentsThe points made in this essay are thoroughly developed and concretely supported. The essay is well organized and coherent, with a nice flow. What keeps the response from scoring a 5 is the number of noticeable errors in structure and word choice: “Some argues,” “favor for leaving,” “living in their own,” “become independence,” “if the children is become too dependent” None of these errors interferes with meaning, but their quantity and effect earns the essay a score of 4.。
托福IBT独立写作练习
托福IBT独立写作练习第三轮（2008年6月25日周婧丹）Is it better for students at university or in college to choose difficult courses even if they cannot get top grades?In my opinion, whether students should choose difficult course in college or not depends on their interests or on the necessity of that course rather than how many scores they can get from it. If a student attaches too much importance on scores, he or she will probably fail to make sound judgments towards choosing coursesI suppose that some score-oriented students may claim that they just want a high GPA to increase the possibilities to be admitted to graduate schools or good academic records to be attractive in job markets. Therefore, how to graduate easily with higher scores becomes their prior concern. With this idea in mind, such students tend to choose courses that are relatively easy to earn credits regardless of their own interests. Admittedly, their points make sense in some aspects as grading system is still an important means of evaluation in schools. However, if we blindly follow this practice to choose courses without taking our interests into account, chances are that we will lose long-term benefits for we haven’t make best use of the time in university to develop our own interests and acquire necessary knowledge according to the individual talents. What I’d like to mention is that the time in university is so much valuable that we can not afford to waste on the courses that is of little value concerning the personal development only for the sake of earning more scores.Another thing deserves our attention is that although some courses are very difficult to learn and may pose a great risk to earn a very low score, they are very basic and necessary, and the mastery of which is very likely to benefit us in the long run. In this case should we choose this course? My answer is definitely yes. A very successful man once said: “Only when you walk out of your comfort zone, can you discover who you really are.” That means if we wish to draw our potential into full play, we are supposed not to avoid difficulties for the sake of laziness. I think this is a positive attitude towards life, and such attitude also applies to our school work. If you avoid a difficult course that is very useful and beneficial for fear of getting low scores, you are certainly losing the chance to discover your potentials.To sum up, as far as I am concerned, university students should develop a good attitude towards choosing courses in schools. As long as such difficult courses can meet our interests or be beneficial for our future, we should take them despite the risk of getting lower scores.107 Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.First I’d like to say that higher education for all students is not realistic, especially in our country with a large population. Due to the shortage of educational resources either in places or in teaching staffs, only a small percentage of students can receivehigher education. I admit that apart from the shortage of educational resources, there are indeed some students who are not suitable for higher education for various reasons such as they may not have interest in studying, rather they are good at some practical skills which qualifies them to work in a certain filed instead of studying in universities.However, we should not ignore the fact that our world is now advancing at an incredible speed into a new age where technologies and communication skills become the basic needs of our every day life. If people of our generation do not receive higher education, they are bound to loose competitive edges in job markets which may cause further troubles in his or her daily life. According to statistics, over 70% of crimes concerning robbery and murdering are committed by those who has poor educational background. They have economic problems because of unemployment; they are hostile to the society because of communication barriers which result in their lost of confidence. So my point is that, as far as educational resources admitted, more students should be encouraged to receive higher education not only for equipping them with necessary knowledge but also for cultivating their proper dispositions to be a good citizen in the society.Another thing I’d like to mention is that universities should diversify its selecting system and take efforts to meet the increasing demand for students’ desire to receive more education. I figure it out because the universities in our country offer admissions to students on the basis of only one entrance exam that can be taken once in life, which means if a student fail that exam or does not do well in that exam, his dream of further education in china will go away forever. As people are talented in different ways, we can not simply classify the students with good performance in their school work as good students. For example, if a student is specially gifted in painting, but has some trouble with mathematics which causes his failure to earn a proper score to be admitted to a university, can we simply say that student is not suitable for higher education. If the answer is no, I suggest that universities try best to offer opportunities to more students who are talented in some way and who have the willingness to learn. Advertisements waste money and time of companies because consumers know what they want to buy.When it comes to the question as to whether advertisement waste money and time of companies, different people hold different views. Some believe that advertisements are useless because consumers know what they want to buy. Advertisements cost companies a great proportion of money and waste much of their time, which can be used either in conducting research on new products or promoting the quality of the present products. Whereas, some other people argue that advertising is an important link in the business operation, which is both informative to consumers and beneficial to companies. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the latter point of view for the following reasonsIn the first place, nowadays consumers are flooded with various kinds of products, it’s impossible for them to know what they really want to buy. Therefore, they need detailed information concerning their target products so that they can decidewhich products serve their specific needs and then make a purchase. And what can supply consumers with most information of a product? Of course, it is the advertisement. I admit that some consumers know exactly what they really want without any advertisement, perhaps they themselves are the expert in some certain fields, however, the topic of our focus are placed on the great majority, so we’ll not discuss some few exceptions. And what’s more, if the expert step out of his certain field in choosing a product, he is surely in need of information offered by advertisement concerning other products.In the second place, although advertisements cost a company a big sum of money as well as their time to design the advertisement and its publicity, it pays the company in the long run not only in terms of their total profits but also in terms of the exalted image of their product. For instance, in my hometown, a brand of duck in thick gravy called JingWu duck is very delicious and well known in our place. However, this brand of duck is not sold well nationally compared other brands that are no where near enough to match its flavor. The cause is that the owner of this band is not willing to commit money for advertising the products. In his mind the money saved from advertisements could be used for some other practical purpose, such as buying more stores to sell his ducks. However, when his son took over the company years later, he revolutionized his father’s concept by launching a series big advertising campaign with his rivals, which cost the company a great deal of money. But , he wins finally, JingWu duck with its unique flavor soon become very popular across our nation. As a result, the profits of JingWu Company expanded several times than before. And now people can associate delicious ducks with the brand JingWu and even with my hometown. It is quite obvious that the successful advertisement can help a company earn more money and promote its image.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Renewable sources of energy (sun, wind, water) will soon replace fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal.Nowadays, renewable sources of energy are increasingly welcomed by clean-environment advocates and their supporters as most of people know that using renewable sources can protect our environment and save other resources of the earth. And with the availability of new technologies the sources of energy such as sun , wind and water are being used in more and more places. Therefore, with good expectations as well as the confidence in technology, many people come to assume that renewable sources of energy will soon replace fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal.However, some other people hold different views, their point is that fossil fuels such as gas, oil and coal still function well at present time, and they have already got used to that because of its relatively lower price. In their mind the traditional source of energy can not be completely replaced by the renewable source of energy. Admittedly, advocates of clean-environment have good reasons to be optimistic about renewable sources whereas traditional source believers own their points that can also justify the continuing use of fossil fuels.As for me I believe that renewable sources of energy replace fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal is the ultimate tendency in the world. And there must be a good prospect of the full application of such renewable sources in the future. However, as far as the application period is concerned, the word “soon” in the above statement seems a little bit exaggerating.First of all, the complete replacement of traditional source of energy is not realistic nowadays or even in the near future. Although technologies can make possible the conversion of energy from sunlight, wind and water to a number of powers that are able to serve our practical use, they are restrained to many conditions, which certainly decrease their reliabilities. Researchers are now taking great efforts to find some solutions, but the unreliable nature of such renewable sources still poses great challenge to their current research. Therefore, given the reliability, people may tend to use the traditional source of energy for a long period of time.Second, as far as price is concerned, renewable sources of energy are much more expensive than the traditional sources that not many people can afford to use although they are clean and good for our environment. Unless technologies make such new sources affordable and available to the average people, can they stand more chances to replace the traditional sources. Therefore, the complete replacement do has a long way to go.。
2008年考研英语大作文范文（新航道）
It goes without saying that this drawing aims at revealing a thought-provoking phenomenon around us： cooperation serves as the best weapon when we face difficulties and challenges in life. In this cartoon， handicapped as they are， two young adults help each other to step forward bravely， and their crutches are left behind. Obviously， the two courageous men will not need their crutches anymore and will keep walking.The two young men in the cartoon symbolize those who choose to cooperate and support each other when they are in hardships. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the fact that a great many students motivate and encourage each other when they are in the process of preparing for the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination. The overwhelming pressure from this exam may make some students doubtful about their chances to pass it. However， they soon regain the confidence and courage after cheering each other up，for they know it clearly that only cooperation and team work can make it possible for them to go through in face of anxieties and insecurity.The value of team work and cooperation can best be manifested only in adverse situations，and we could make achievement as long as we will bind together as a team. I am fully convinced that failure is the only destination waiting for us if we lose our faith in each other.。
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2008年新托福独立写作北美考题2008.1.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The government should focus on environmental problems instead of on economic development.利弊型—拆分法Agree—环境问题Water pollutionResources deficiencyAir pollutionDisagree—经济发展2008.1.18Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People are happier when they finish a challenging or difficult job than when they complete an essay task.事实型，比较类—拆场景AgreeDisagree2008.1.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Successful people accept new things and take risks rather than hold on to the things that they have done well.成功类2008.2.1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Being creative is more important in finding the best solution to a problem than planning carefully.2008.2.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Advertisements targeting children aged between 2 and 5 should be banned.2008. 2.15Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It’s important for families to have meals together regularly.2008.2.23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Technology makes people’s lives simpler rather than makes people’s lives more complicated. 2008.3.1Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?To solve the present and future problems, it’s necessary to understand the past.2008. 3.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People today spend too much time on enjoyment. We do what we like to do rather than what we should do.2008.3.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The environmental issue is too complex to be solved by the individuals.2008.3.29Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It’s important to have rules about the types of clothing that people wear at work and at school.2008. 4.26Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The government should give priority to healthcare rather than to environmental problems.2008. 5.3Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Technology had made children less creative than the children were in the past.2008.5.9Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The government should spend more money on improving access to the Internet than to public transportation.2008.5.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Telephone has greater influence on people’s lives than TV.2008.5. 30Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People today are not as friendly as people were in the past.2008.6.6Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing computer games is a waste of time for children.2008. 6.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Good looks and clothing are more important to success than good ideas.2008. 6.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should live in a city or country all their lives than to move to another place.2008.7.11Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Today, people don’t understand their children as well as the parents did 50 years ago.2008. 8.2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It was easier to achieve success in the past than it is today.2008.8.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Most businesspeople are motivated only by the desire for more money.2008.8.23Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?A serious and strict teacher is more effective than a teacher who is humorous and easygoing.2008.9.5Which source is more dependable for news, TV or newspapers?2008.9.21Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children should play and study rather than learn how to do household chores.2008.9.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Printed books have greater effect on society than TV does.2008.10.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others.2008.10.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People get more benefits from traveling in their own country than traveling in a foreign country.2008.10.25Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students who can keep their own rooms organized are more likely to succeed.2008. 10.31Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more fun to see a movie in a cinema with other people than watch a movie at home.2008.11.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Scientists should be responsible for the negative impacts that is brought about by their discoveries or inventions.2008.11.14Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children should only play sports for fun rather than play sports in competitions or contests.2008.11.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students are more influenced by teachers than by their parents.2008.12.5Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Sports teach us lessons about life.2008.12.7Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Spending time alone is the best way to relieve stress.2008.12.10Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who have interests in different things cannot be friends.2008.12.12Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Sports and exercises are more important to elderly people than to young people.2008.12.20Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should be allowed to use cell phones on public transportation such as buses and trains.。