七年级上册英语普通名词的数讲义及答案

第 2 讲普通名词的数【Key points】

一、可数名词变复数

1.规则变化

分类构成方法读音例词

一般情况加-s 读/ s /

或读/ z / book bag pet boy

以s sh x ch 结尾加-es 读/ iz / bus brush

box watch

以辅音字母加y 结尾变y 为i 加-es 读/ z / family

strawberry

以o 结尾有生命加-es

无生命加-s 读/ z / Potato hero

photo zoo

以 f 或fe 结尾变f 或fe 为v

再加-es 读/ z / thief leaf

wife knife

2.例外情况

1)以ch 结尾加s 的英语单词：

stomach—stomachs

2)以f 结尾直接加s 的英语单词：

roof—roofs gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs staff—staffs chief—chiefs proof—proofs 3)

以f 结尾两种变法都可的单词：

scarf—scarfs / scarves

dwarf—dwarfs / dwarves handkerchief—

handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 3．不规则变

化

1)单复数相同sheep deer fish

2)a 变成e man woman Englishman Frenchman

3)oo 变成ee foot tooth goose

4)中日不变英法变，其余s 加后边

5)child—children ox — oxen mouse—mice

4．两个注意

1.英语中一些由两个部分组成的物体名词通常是以-s 结尾，如：pants，trousers，shorts，shoes，scissors，glasses 等。这一类名词，如果不带单位词，通常用做复数；

His new pants are black and white．

如果带有单位词，则需要根据单位词判定单复。

This pair of pants is

cheap．Two pairs of pants are

enough．

2.“形复意单”—虽有s 但不复: physics，maths，politics，athletics，economics，news

二、不可数名词

含义：不可数名词表示无法分清个体的名词，主要为物质名词和

抽象名词。

物质名词：

液体类：juice，water，beer，coffee…

粉末类：powder，flour，sugar，salt…

食物类：rice，bread，junk food，butter，chocolate…

肉类：beef，pork，chicken，mutton…

抽象名词：

information，money，work，advice，friendship，help，

fun，health，furniture，jewelry，wealth，time…

不可数名词的特点：

1.前面不可以直接加不定冠词a/an

2.不可数名词永远按单数处理

Water is very important for

people．Time is money．

3.当时间、金钱、距离或距离做主语时，后面动词用单数形式Four kilometers is a long way．

4.不可数名词也有量的表达:数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词

①个数：piece（张、片、块、条）a piece of apple pie

②容量：cup，bottle，bag，box，bucket

two cups of tea three boxes of milk

four buckets of water 四桶水

③类别：kind all kinds of bread

④度量：kilo（千克，公斤）two kilos of oil

【Exercises】

1.Physics (be) his favorite subject．

2.He thinks maths (be) difficult．

3.I don’t like politics．Because (it/they be) boring．

4.写出下面单词的复数形式：

bus kilo man key box day

leaf dish boss hero deer foot

tooth sheep party ruler knife glass

pencil family monkey child goose Chinese ( )5. There a set of on the

desk．A．is；key B．is；

keys

C．are；keies D．are；keys

( )6. Can you see nine in the picture?

A．sheep B．dog C．pig D．horse ( )7. —Hello! Are you ?

—No．We are ．

A．Brazilian；American B．Brazil；Americans

C．Brazil；American D．Brazilian；America ( )8. —Can I help you?

—I’d like for my twin

daughters．A．two pair of shoes B．two

pairs of shoe

C．two pair of shoe D．two pairs of shoes

9.I have two ．(pencil-case)

10.My sister looks after two ．(baby)

11.There are some (deer) eating the grass．

12.The baby has many ．(toy)

13.(hero) are great．

14.—How many (stamp) have you collected?

—More than 500．

15.Many Canadians can speak two (language)．

16.There are many (country) in the world．

17.I bought many (scarf) because they

are cheap on the net．