英语人教版必修学案：Unit Section Ⅲ Grammar——同位语从句

Section ⅢGrammar——同位语从句

[思维导图]

[语法精讲]

一、同位语从句的定义

1．在主从复合句中，跟在一个名词后(尤其是抽象名词)对其做出进一步解释说明的从句叫同位语从句。

2．能跟同位语从句的名词一般是fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion 等抽象名词。

I was shocked at the news that our team won the game.

我被我们队赢了比赛的消息震惊了。

I have no idea what he is doing now.

我不知道他现在在干什么。

二、同位语从句的连接词

I'm not sure about the question whether he will come.

对于他来不来这个问题，我不太确定。

The fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.

运费太高这一事实没有讨论。

I have no idea when he will come back.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

The question who should go abroad required consideration.

谁会出国这个问题还需要考虑。

She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.

她不明白她为什么突然想到了他。

三、同位语从句应注意的几个问题

1．分隔式同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其所说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。

Word came that we would have lessons on Saturday.

有消息传来，我们星期六要上课。

2．名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request, desire, proposal 等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋do”，should 可省略。

We'd better accept his suggestion that we (should)make good use of

every minute.

我们最好接受他的建议，好好利用每一分钟。

3．名词doubt (怀疑)后可跟同位语从句，若用于肯定句中时用whether 引导；若用于否定句中时则用that 引导。

There is some doubt whether they will come to help us.

他们是否会来帮助我们还不确定。

There is no doubt that everyone has the right to choose his own way of living.

毫无疑问人人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。

四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

1．同位语从句对所修饰的名词作进一步的解释或补充说明；而定语从句对先行词起修饰或限制的作用。

The foreigner expressed the hope that he would come to China again.(同位语从句)

I'll remember the hope that the foreigner expressed to me.(定语从句)

2．同位语从句所修饰的名词通常是抽象名词，而定语从句的先行词无此限制。

The possibility that scientists can clone a man may come true.(同位语从句)

This is the horse that the scientist cloned.(定语从句)

3．that 引导同位语从句在句中不作成分，通常不能省略，只起连接作用。that 引导定语从句时为关系代词，它除了起连接作用外，在从句中还要充当某一成分(如主语、宾语等)，作宾语时可以省略。

He made a promise to his son that he would buy a bike for him.(同位语从句)

I still remember the promise (that) he made.(定语从句)

Ⅰ.选词填空

1．The news that our schoolmates had won the game soon spread over the whole school. (that/how)

2．An idea occurred to him that he might go there by air. (that/where)

3．We'll discuss the problem whether we should go aboard the train. (whether/what)

4．I have a question what we will do. (what/which)

5．The farmers are all very worried about the fact that the frost is coming. (that/where)

6．The report makes people worried that some teenage girls smoke as much as boys in some middle schools. (why/that)

7．They have no idea where he has gone. (what/where)

8．Tom came back with a message that there would be a test soon. (that/what)

Ⅱ.补全句子

1． A thought suddenly came to him that_he_should_have_picked_up_his_son.

他突然想起他本来应该开车去接儿子的。

2．Where did you get the idea that_I_could_not_come?

你从哪儿听说我不能来的？

3．The thought came to him that_Tom_might_have_returned_the_book.

他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。

4．I made a promise that_I_would_write_to_him_as_soon_as_I_got_to_Beijing.

我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。

5．John and his wife clashed on the question whether_they_should_have_another_child.

约翰和他的妻子在是否再生一个孩子这个问题上意见有分歧。

6．The fact that_the_office_already_has_a_good_accountant simply didn't enter into the decision.

这个办公室已经有了一名很好的会计，但这一决定中根本没有考虑这一事实。

7．They were delighted at the news that_their_team_had_won.

当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。

8．In my opinion, the news that_they_will_attend_the_meeting is true.