高考英语语法：定语从句的基本知识

2021届高考英语语法：定语从句的基本知识

定语从句语法基本知识

•什么是定语从句?

•限制性定语从句

o什么是限制性定语从句?

o关系代词引导的定语从句

o关系副词引导的定语从句

o有一些定语从句常可省略引导词

•非限制性定语从句

•限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

•定语从句用that不用who的情况

•定语从句用who不用that的情况

•定语从句用which不用that的情况

•定语从句用that不用which 的情况

•双重定语从句

•较少见的定语从句

什么是定语从句?

定语从句是形容词性从句，用来修饰主句中的名词或代词。其作用相当于定语，故称定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。定语从句一般紧随它所修饰的先行词之后, 并由关系代词或关系副词引导。

什么是限制性定语从句?

限制性定语从句用于限定或说明其所修饰的词的范围或性质等。从句与先行词关系密切，如果省略的话则会造成主句意义不完整。先行词在定语从句中充当某个语法成份(如充当主语、宾语，定语或状语等)。

关系代词引导的定语从句

1) 由that 引导的定语从句

that 可以指人或物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语或表语时可以省略。

* The man that visited our school is from Australia．到访我们学校的那个人来自澳大利亚。

* Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn? 氧气是唯一的助燃气体吗？

* The girl (that) I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。

* Is there anything else (that) you require? 你还需要别的东西吗？

* My hometown is no longer the place (that) it used to be. 我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。2）由which 引导的定语从句

which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

* I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。

* That was a fault which could not be forgiven. 那是不能饶恕的错误。

* Have you seen the watch (which) I left here just now? 你看到我刚才放在这里的手表了吗？* These are the wires with which different machines are connected. 这些是连接不同机器的

电线。

* The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him to. 他拒

绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。

3）由who 引导的定语从句

who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

* Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。

* Do you know the boys who are standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那些男孩吗？

[注] 在口语中，可以用who代替whom, 在定语从句中作宾语。

* The man who I saw told me to wait. 我见到的那个人叫我等。

* I know the man who you were speaking to just now. 我认识你刚刚和他讲话的那个人。

4）由whom引导的定语从句

whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语或表语。

* The doctor whom you are waiting for has left. 你一直在等的那位医生已经离开了。

* Is she the very person whom we must take good care of? 她就是那个我们必须好好照顾的

人吗？

* They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation. 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。

5）由whose引导的定语从句

whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。

* There are some students whose questions I can't answer. 有些学生的问题我回答不了。

* They lived in a room whose window opened to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。

* Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred. 从前有一个明智的叫阿尔弗雷德的英国国王。

* Can you see the mountain whose top is covered with snow? 你看得见山顶上覆盖着雪的那座山吗？

关系副词引导的定语从句

1) 由when 引导的定语从句

* I'll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。

* Can you still remember that evening when we met for the first time? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？

2) 由where 引导的定语从句

* This is the town where I was born. 这是我出生的城市。

* She would like to live in a country where it never snows. 她喜欢住在不下雪的国家。

* Who can think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 谁能想出用这个短语的情况？* Her career has reached the stage where she must decide what to do next. 她的事业已经到了必须决定下一步该怎么办的阶段。

* I've come to the point where I can't stand him. 我已经到了无法忍受他的地步。

3) 由why 引导的定语从句

* I don't know the reason why he didn't tell it to his father. 我不明白为什么他没有把这件事告诉他父亲。