各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)

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各种词性后缀一览表

各种词性后缀一览表

各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy obedience3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference,4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法”biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless 3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards 向北方地。

各种词性一览表

各种词性一览表

各种词性一览表1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronic s, linguistics19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technol ogy (工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”bea utify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示"使,令”finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。

英语常用词性后缀

英语常用词性后缀

英语常用词性后缀1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker,debtor2)-acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy,accuracy,diplomacy3)-ance,-ence表示/性质,状况,行为,总量,程度/ importance,diligence,difference,obedience4)-ancy,-ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,frequency,urgency,efficiency5)-bility,表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility,flexibility,feasibility6)-dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom,kingdom,wisdom7)-hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood,manhood,falsehood8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction9)-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism10)-ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity,reality,ability,calamity11)-ment,表示/行为,状态,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument12)-ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness13)-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship,membership,friendship14)-th,表示/动作,性质,状态/ depth,wealth,truth,length,growth15)-tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude,altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示/行为,结果/ exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)17-grapy,表示/……学,写法/ biography,calligraphy,geography18)-ic,ics,表示/……学……法/ logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics19)-ology,表示/……学……论/biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示/……学……术/ astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible2)名词-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive4)-like,manlike,childlike5)名词-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly6)-some,troublesome,handsome7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various9)-ent,violent10)-most,foremost,topmost11)-less,表示否定countless,stainless,wireless3.动词后缀1)-ize,ise,表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize2)-en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken,weaken,soften,harden3)-fy,表示/使……化,使成/ beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify4)-ish,表示/使,令/ finish,abolish,diminish,establish5)-ate,表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate,operate,indicate4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。

英语中常见的后缀

英语中常见的后缀

TractableAbleAbilityBe able to do sth名词I动词do形容词beautiful副词beautifully介词in英语中常见的后缀一、名词性后缀1、-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称Percentage percent 百分比V oltage V伏特Shortage shortage 不足不够2、-cy表示抽象名词Accuracy 精确accurate 精确的Infancy infant 小孩infancy 幼年时代Agent 代理热agency 代理机构3、-ence、-ance表示性质和动作DifferenceInterference inter- -fer- ence 干扰InfluenceOccurrence occur 出现Violence 暴力Existence exist 存在existence Significance = importance4、-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀Tendency tend 倾向于tendency 倾向n FrequencyFluency 流利流畅fluent adj 流畅的SufficiencyConstancy5、-er表示…人、…者ReceiverCarrierBeginnerWinner runner writer6、-ics 表示…科学Pediatricspsychiatricsphysics7、-ian表示人称名词Physician 物理学家Technician tech 技术技术人员8、-ion 由动词构成的名词OccasionDivisionVision 视野visual vis- eye;look Visual learnerKinesthetic leaner (运动型的)Audio leanerDistortion dis- tort ion = 扭曲9、-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词MechanismSocialism 社会主义Marxism 马克思主义Communism 共产主义10、-ist表示人称名词Specialist 专家Biologist 生物学家Economist 经济学家Chemist 化学家chemistryViolinistIdealist11、-logy表示学科PhilologyBiologyGeology12、-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物MeasurementExperiment 实验ImprovementImprove 进步+ ment n improvement 进步13、-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词Thick nessEffectivenessBrightness14、-ship表示状态RelationshipFriendshipLeadership 领导力15、-th由形容词构成名词Length longWidth wideDepth deep 深度deafness 聋的Truth true16、-ty表示性质RigidityUnity 联合unit 单元集合United States Obesity 肥胖obese adjSimilarity similar 相似的相似性相似度18、-ure表示行为结果Failure 失败fail v fail to do sthSuccess 反义词pressure press 压n 压力(精神物理)structure 结构the structure of your writing二、形容词性后缀1、-able表示可能的,可以的2、-al表示有…的属性NaturalSpecial3、-ant有些是从动词派生来的SignificantImportantconstant4、-ary 表示与…有关的OrdinaryAnniversaryvoluntary5、-ful由名词构成形容词UsefulSuccessfulPlentiful三、动词性后缀1、-ate多用于外来词构成动词deviate背离、偏离,decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate 操作,手术,defibrillate除颤,vibrate振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede在…之前。

英语单词后缀总结

英语单词后缀总结

英语单词后缀总结
1.名词后缀:
(1)-ness: 表示状态或性质,如happiness(快乐)、kindness(善良)。

(2)-ment: 表示行为或状态,如enjoyment(享受)、excitement(兴
奋)。

(3)-ion/-tion/-sion: 表示动作、状态或结果,如creation(创造)、
attention(注意)、decision(决定)。

2.形容词后缀:
(1)-ful: 表示充满或具有某种特性,如beautiful(美丽)、helpful(有
帮助的)。

(2)-ous/-ious: 表示具有某种性质或特征,如famous(著名的)、
delicious(美味的)。

(3)-able/-ible: 表示能够做某事或具有某种特性,如comfortable(舒
适的)、visible(可见的)。

3.动词后缀:
(1)-ize/-ise: 表示“使...化”或“变为...”,如organize(组织)、realize
(实现)。

(2)-ate: 表示“使...做某事”,如decorate(装饰)、activate(激活)。

4.副词后缀:
(1)-ly: 表示程度或方式,如quickly(迅速地)、happily(快乐地)。

5.其他常见后缀:
(1)-er/-or: 表示人或物体的性质或职业,如teacher(教师)、actor
(演员)。

(2)-ist: 表示从事某种活动或持有某种观点的人,如artist(艺术家)、
scientist(科学家)。

各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)4页

各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)4页

各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)4页1、-acy表态或性质democr·acy n. 民主,民主主义;民主政治accur·acy n. [数] 精确度,准确性lun·acy n. 精神失常;愚蠢的行为2. -al表行动或进程deni·al n. 否认;拒绝;节制;背弃tri·al n. 试验;审讯;努力;磨炼3. -ance, -ence表状态或性质disturb·ance n. 干扰;骚乱;忧虑venge·ance n. 复仇;报复;报仇appear·ance n 出现;外表insist·ence n. 坚持,强调;坚决主张depend·ence n. 依赖;依靠;信任;信赖4. -dom表位置或状态free·dom n. 自由,自主;直率wis·dom n. 智慧,才智;明智;学识;至理名言5. -er, -or表示进行某种特定行动的人或物teach·er n. 教师;导师read·er n. 读者;阅读器;读物creat·or n. 创造者;创建者interpret·er n. 解释者;口译者;注释器cook·er n. 炊具6. -ism表示主义、学说、信仰Juda·ism n. 犹太教;犹太主义;(总称)犹太人sceptic·ism n. 怀疑;怀疑论;怀疑主义escap·ism n. 逃避现实,空想;逃避主义7. -ist信仰者、专家或进行某种特定行动的人geolog·ist n. 地质学家,地质学者scient·ist n. 科学家theor·ist n. 理论家material·ist n. 唯物主义者;实利主义者8. -ity, -ty表性质equal·ity n. 平等;相等;[数] 等式valid·ity n. [计] 有效性;正确;正确性enorm·ity n. 巨大;暴行;极恶9. -ment表行为或行为的结果argu·ment n. 论证;论据;争吵manage·ment n. 管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段pave·ment n. 人行道equip·ment n. 设备,装备;器材10. -ness表性质或状态kind·ness n. 仁慈;好意;友好的行为dark·ness n. 黑暗;模糊;无知;阴郁bright·ness n. [光][天] 亮度;聪明,活泼;鲜艳;愉快11. -ship表示关系或状态friend·ship n. 友谊;友爱;友善hard·ship n. 困苦;苦难;艰难险阻intern·ship n. 实习生;(美)实习期;实习医师职位12. -sion, -tion表示存在的状态obsess·ion n. 痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理] 强迫观念promot·ion n. 提升,[劳经] 晋升;推销,促销;促进;发扬,振兴possess·ion n. 拥有;财产;领地;自制;着迷。

常见的单词后缀

常见的单词后缀

常见的单词后缀一、-er /ə(r)/(名词后缀,表示人或物)1. teacher.- 音标:[ˈtiːtʃə(r)]- 词性:名词,意为“教师”,是由动词“teach(教)”加上后缀 -er构成,表示从事教学工作的人。

2. worker.- 音标:[ˈwɜːkə(r)]- 词性:名词,“工人”,由动词“work(工作)”加上 -er构成,表示从事工作的人。

3. computer.- 音标:[kəmˈpjuːtə(r)]- 词性:名词,“计算机”,由动词“compute(计算)”加上 -er构成,表示用于计算的东西。

二、-or /ɔː(r)/(名词后缀,表示人或物,常用于一些拉丁词源的单词)1. actor.- 音标:[ˈæktə(r)]- 词性:名词,“演员”,源于拉丁语动词“agere(做,行动)”的过去分词“actus”,加上 -or表示从事表演行动的人。

2. doctor.- 音标:[ˈdɒktə(r)]- 词性:名词,“医生;博士”,有学问、能治病救人(做事)的人。

三、-ist /ɪst/(名词后缀,表示人,常表示某种主义者或从事某种职业的人)1. artist.- 音标:[ˈɑːtɪst]- 词性:名词,“艺术家”,从事艺术创作(art)的人。

2. scientist.- 音标:[ˈsaɪəntɪst]- 词性:名词,“科学家”,从事科学(science)研究的人。

四、-ness /nəs/(名词后缀,加在形容词后构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态等)1. happiness.- 音标:[ˈhæpinəs]- 词性:名词,“幸福”,由形容词“happy(快乐的)”加上 -ness,表示快乐的这种状态。

2. kindness.- 音标:[ˈkaɪndnəs]- 词性:名词,“善良;好意”,由形容词“kind(善良的)”加上 -ness,表示善良这种性质。

五、-tion /ʃn/(名词后缀,加在动词后构成抽象名词,表示行为、状态、结果等)1. action.- 音标:[ˈækʃn]- 词性:名词,“行动”,由动词“act(行动)”加上 -tion,表示行动这个概念。

单词常用后缀含义

单词常用后缀含义

单词常用后缀含义一、名词后缀。

1. -er /ə(r)/,表示“人”或“物”,可作名词(n.)- 例如:teacher ['tiːtʃə(r)](教师),worker ['wɜːkə(r)](工人),computer [kəm'pjuːtə(r)](计算机)。

2. -or /ɔː(r)/,表示“人”或“物”,名词(n.)- 例如:actor ['æktə(r)](演员),doctor ['dɒktə(r)](医生),tractor ['træktə(r)](拖拉机)。

3. -ion /ˈɪʃn/,表示“行为;状态;结果”等,名词(n.)- 例如:action ['ækʃn](行动),decision [dɪ'sɪʒn](决定),education [ˌedʒu'keɪʃn](教育)。

4. -ness /nəs/,表示“性质;状态”,名词(n.)- 例如:kindness ['kaɪndnəs](善良),happiness ['hæpɪnəs](幸福),darkness ['dɑːknəs](黑暗)。

5. -ment /mənt/,表示“行为;结果;状态”等,名词(n.)- 例如:development [dɪ'veləpmənt](发展),movement ['muːvmənt](运动),agreement [ə'ɡriːmənt](同意)。

二、形容词后缀。

1. -ful /fʊl/,表示“充满……的;有……性质的”,形容词(adj.)- 例如:helpful ['helpfʊl](有帮助的),careful ['keəfʊl](小心的),beautiful ['bjuːtɪfʊl](美丽的)。

2. -less /ləs/,表示“没有……的;无……的”,形容词(adj.)- 例如:hopeless ['həʊpləs](没有希望的),careless ['keələs](粗心的),useless ['juːsləs](无用的)。

词性后缀

词性后缀

英语常用词性后缀1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency5)-bility,表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship14)-th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17-grapy,表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics,表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology,表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)-less,表示否定countless, stainless, wireless3.动词后缀1)-ize, ise,表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy,表示/使……化,使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish,表示/使,令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate,表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate, operate, indicate4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。

英语表示词性的常用后缀

英语表示词性的常用后缀

英语表示词性的常用后缀一、名称后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词:usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism二、动词后缀1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate三、形容词后缀:1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词:changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory 11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive四、副词后缀1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentive- ly,strangely2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward (s),homeward(s),eastward(s)3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(asfar as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加元音后缀时,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner,hit + ing = hitting。

英语词性后缀

英语词性后缀

后缀-名词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词:usherette4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood男孩时代,childhood 童年,manhood成年男子6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership领导才能,friendship友谊,membership 会员资格,lectureship讲师,sportsmanship运动精神7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action动作,oppression苦恼,possession财产,education教育)。

机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization组织,foundation基金9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement 运动,pavement人行道,development发展10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage 消耗,coverage范围,acreage土地面积,breakage破坏,hostage抵押品12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness幸福,usefulness有用,kindness可爱,rapidity迅速,activity 活跃,sanity头脑清楚,changeability可变性13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism14.-th length(长度)后缀-动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify美化,diversify使多样化,simplify简化2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen 成熟,widen放宽,heighten变高,threaten恐吓3.-ate意为:增加,使……听写(give or add,make or become)例词:originate起源于,differentiate区分区别后缀-形容词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful 有用的,pitiful可怜的,hopeful有希望的,careful小心的,helpful给与帮助的,forgetful遗忘的,thankful感恩的,fearful害怕的2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless无言的,childless无儿无女的,harmless无害的,hopeless没有希望的,meaningless没有意义的,homeless无家可归的3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly 野兽般的,manly男子气概的,brotherly兄弟的,friendly友好的注:和副词-ly区分开,常见名词+ly=形容词,形容词/动词+ly=副词4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike天真的,5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty肉多的,sandy甜的,silky柔软的,hairy多毛的,leafy叶茂的,watery含水的,foolish 愚蠢的,girlish少女的,thinnish薄的,瘦的6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;having the quality of)例词:troublesome烦恼的,burdensome繁重的,wholesome健全的,tiresome无聊的,bothersome令人讨厌的7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be;capable)例词:changeable可变的,realiable可靠的,readable可读的,drinkable可饮用的,comfortable舒服的,convincible可说服的8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural文化的,personal个人的,regional地区的,musical音乐的10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary革命的,imaginary想象的,contradictory矛盾的11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:dangerous危险的,glorious辉煌的,erroneous 错误的,malicious恶意的,gracious亲切的12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词:historic、historical历史的,methodic、methodical有条理的,dramatic 戏剧的,heroic英雄的13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or qualityof;given or tending to)例词:attractive吸引力的,talkative健谈的,restrictive限制的,defensive防御的,constructive建设的,sensitive敏感的后缀-副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily开心地,boldly大胆地,attentively聚精会神地,strangely 陌生地,safely安全地,absolutely完全地注:一般在题中出现-ly后缀的词都是副词2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(asfar as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise,educationwise4.以ly后缀结尾的副词,比较级都是+more,如more carefully,more useful 最高级+most如most carefully,most useful。

(完整版)英语词性后缀

(完整版)英语词性后缀

后缀-名词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1. -ster, -eer, -er(or)意为: 从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词: gamester, gangster, songster, engineer, profiteer, mountaineer, auctioneer, driver, teacher, director, actor, professor2.-let意为: 小或者不重要的东西(small, unimportant things)例词: booklet, leaflet, starlet3. -ette意为: 1)小的东西(small)例词: cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词: leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette4. -ess意为: 女性(female)例词: actress, poetess, hostess, paintress5. -hood意为: 时期(status;etc. )例词: boyhood男孩时代, childhood 童年, manhood成年男子6. -ship意为: 才能, 状态, 资格, 品质等(skill, state, condition, status, quality)例词: leadership领导才能, friendship友谊, membership 会员资格, lectureship讲师, sportsmanship运动精神7. -ful意为: 量(the amount which noun contains)例词: cupful, handful, mouthful, spoonful8. -tion, -ion意为: 1)状态, 行动等(state;action;etc. )例词: action 动作, oppression苦恼, possession财产, education教育)。

常用词性后缀

常用词性后缀

名词后缀:1.状态、境遇、制度-age marriage婚姻shortage短缺 -dom freedom自由kingdom王国 -hood childhood童年neighborhood临近街坊livelihood生活2.人、物-an American美国African非洲 -ant/ent assistant助理student学生 -ee employee员工nominee候选人-eer engineer 工程师volunteer志愿者-er/or worker工人harvester收割机actor演员teacher老师-ese Chinese 中国人Japanese日本人-ess actress女演员hostess女主人 -ian musician音乐家Christian基督徒-ist communist共产主义artist艺术家specialist专家 -man postman邮递员countryman乡下人3.抽象(动作、性质、结果)-al withdrawal退出arrival进站 -ance importance重要性(assistance)援助Resistance电阻reliance on依赖resistance抵抗、-ation/ition industry工业industrialization产业化preparation制备prepare准备-ence independence独立excellence卓越-ice justice 正义service服务-ing shipping航运writing写作-ism socialism社会主义Buddhism佛教 -ity ability能力be able to do能够做Christianity基督教-ment development发展government政府-ness kindness善良weakness弱点-ship friendship友谊hardship困难dictatorship专政relationship关系dictator独裁者 -sion tension紧张revision修订 -th strength强度truth真理depth深度-tion action行动-tude aptitude attitude能力倾向-ty cruelty残忍specialty专业novelty新奇penalty处罚-ure pleasure快乐procedure proceed程序进行creature生物literature文学类illiterate文盲4.其他-cide杀homicide杀人insecticide 杀虫剂suicide自杀-craft技术aircraft航空器spacecraft航天器handicraft工艺品-ful满handful少数spoonful勺子 -graph记录telegraph电报photograph照片-ology学问geology地质physiology生物学形容词后缀:1.⋯⋯的-able/ible可能eatable食用visible看得见的-al political政治policy政策formal正式的-an Russian俄语republican共和党-ant/ent pleasant愉快的different不同的-ed talented有才能wanted希望-ese Chinese中国人Japanese日本人-ial industrial工业-ic(al) economic经济strategic战略-ive active主动native本土-ly friendly 有好的daily日常的 2.像⋯⋯的-en貌似⋯⋯的golden金子silken 丝绸wooden木头-ish略有⋯⋯的[贬] bookish书呆子selfish自私的girlish娘娘腔childish幼稚的-like像⋯⋯的childlike孩子般的3.满足⋯⋯的(及其反面 )-fold倍twofold双倍threefold三倍 -ful满足careful小心powerful强大的-most最foremost最重要的inmost内心深处的-ous多dangerous危险courageous勇敢的-y充满rainy下雨noisy噪音4.⋯⋯性质的-ist(ic)⋯⋯主义的materialistic唯物主义socialistic社会主义-some引起⋯⋯的troublesome麻烦quarrelsome争吵 5.方向-ern方向eastern东部western西方-ward向⋯⋯backward落后upward向上动词后缀:-ate consolidate巩固duplicate重复-en deepen深化straighten理顺soften软化-fy simplify碱类classify分类-ize/ise realize实现visualize可视化副词后缀:-ly beautifully美丽的slowly慢慢的 -ward(s) forward前进downward向下-wise以⋯⋯方式clockwise顺时针方向Lengthwise纵向。

10个最常用英语后缀!英语考试,高分必备!英语学习值得收藏

10个最常用英语后缀!英语考试,高分必备!英语学习值得收藏

10个最常用英语后缀!英语考试,高分必备!英语学习值得收

一、名词后缀
I.AGE
1.state, that which(状态,物)
2. act(行为,动作)
3. collective(集合)
4. cost(费用)
5. place, position(地点;地位,身份)
II.ITY〔TY,Y〕
1.state, that which(状态,物)
2. act(行为,动作)
3. quality(性质)
III. TION 〔SION,ION〕
1.state, that which(状态,物)
2. act(行为,动作)
3. result(结果)
二、形容词后缀
I. ABLE 〔IBLE, ILE 〕
capable of(能做…的,易做…的)
II. AL,ANT〔ENT 〕
having the quality of(具有…性质的)
III. ARY 〔 ORY 〕
1.having the quality of(具有…性质的)
2.related(有关系的)
Ⅳ. IC 〔 ICAL 〕
nature of(具有…性质的)
Ⅴ. OUS
1. full of, many(多的)
2. having the quality of(具有…性质的)
3. like(如同…)
三、动词后缀
I.-ate
1.make(使…)
2.having the quality of(具有…性质的)
3. person who, that which(人,…东西)
II.-fy
make(使…)。

常见英语后缀

常见英语后缀

常见英语后缀名词后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人gamestergangstersongsterengineerprofiteermountaineerauctioneerdriverteacherdirectoractorprofessor2.-let 意为:小或者不重要的东西bookletleafletstarlet3.-ette 意为:1)小的东西(small)cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)leatherette3)(female)女性usherette4.-ess 意为:女性(female)actresspoetesshostesspaintress5.-hood 意为:时期(status;etc.)boyhoodchildhoodmanhood6.-ship 意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等leadershipfriendshipmembershiplectureshipsportsmanship7.-ful 意为:量cupfulhandfulmouthfulspoonful8.-tion,-ion 意为:1)状态,行动等actionoppressionpossessioneducationstarvation2)机构等organizationfoundation9.-ment 意为:状态,行动等movementenslavementpavement10.意为: -al 动作arrivalrevivalrecitalremoval11.-age 意为:程度,数量等wastagecoverageacreageshrinkagebreakagehostage12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质happinessusefulnessselfishnesskindnessrapidityactivitysanitychangeability13.-ism 意为:道义,主义,学说等impressionismabsenteeismracism动词后缀1.-ify 意为:转为,变为beautifydiversifysimplify2.-ize;-en 意为:使……,变得……modernizepopularizelegalizehospitalizesymbolizeripenwidenheightenthreaten3.-ate 意为:增加,使……originatehydrogenatevalidatedifferentiate形容词后缀1.-ful 意为:充满,有usefulpitifulhopefulhelpfulforgetfulthankfulfearful2.-less 意为:没有,无not speechlesschildlessharmlesshopelessmeaningless3.-ly 意为:有……品质的beastlymanlyfriendly4.-like 意为:像……的childlikestatesmanliketiger-like5.-y;-ish 意为:像……一般的meatysandysilkyhairyleafywateryfoolishgirlishblackishthinnish6.-some 意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的troublesomeburdensomewholesomebothersome7.-able (ible)意为:能……的;可以……的changeablereadabledrinkablecomfortableexpansibleconvincible8.-ed 意为:有……的woodedpointedmoneyedodd-shaped9.-al 意为:有……属性的,……类型的culturalpersonalregionalmusical10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的imaginarycontradictory11.-ous 意为:富含......的;有......品质的;像......的gloriouserroneousmaliciousgracious12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的historichistoricalmethodicmethodicaldramaticheroic13.-ive 意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的attractivetalkativerestrictivedefensivepreventivesensitive副词后缀1.-ly 意为:以……方式happilyboldlyattentivelystrangely2.-ward (s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向onward(s)backward(s)earthward(s)homeward (s)eastward(s)3.-wise 意为:1)按照……方式crabwiseclockwise2)就……而言weatherwise. educationwise.。

后缀词性

后缀词性

英语常用词性后缀1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency5)-bility,表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship14)-th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17-grapy,表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics,表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology,表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)-less,表示否定 countless, stainless, wireless3.动词后缀1)-ize, ise,表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy,表示/使……化,使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish,表示/使,令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate,表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate, operate, indicate4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地 -wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。

词性后缀

词性后缀

1. 名词后缀:1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency5)-bility, 表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom, 表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17-grapy, 表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀:1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)-less, 表示否定 countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀:1)-ize, ise, 表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示/使……化,使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示/使,令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀:(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。

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各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)
各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)
1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy obedience
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance, diligence, difference,
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction
9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度”purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth,
length, growth
15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),
17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法”biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish,
vanish)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有”quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使,令”finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用”separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful →carefully小心地
-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。

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