(完整版)英文版宏观经济学期末考试试卷(附答案)
宏观经济学试卷(附有答案)
«宏观经济学»期末考试试卷 A 卷姓名:学号:成绩:一、名词解释(每题4分,共20分)1、凯恩斯流动性陷阱2、菲利普斯曲线3、货币政策4、挤出效应5、名义GDP二、单项选择题(每题1分,共20分)1、在四部门经济中,GDP是指()的总和。
A.消费、净投资、政府购买和净出口B.消费、总投资、政府购买和净出口C.消费、总投资、政府购买和总出口D.消费、净投资、政府购买和总出口2、关于投资与利率的关系,以下判断正确的是()。
A.投资是利率的增函数B.投资是利率的减函数C.投资与利率是非相关关系D.以上判断都不正确3、IS曲线与LM曲线相交时表示()。
A.产品市场处于均衡状态,而货币市场处于非均衡状态B.产品市场处于非均衡状态,而货币市场处于均衡状态C.产品市场与货币市场都处于均衡状态D.产品市场与货币市场都处于非均衡状态4、抑制需求拉上的通货膨胀,应该()。
A.降低工资B.减税C.控制货币供给量D解除托拉斯组织5、在其他条件不变的情况下,政府购买增加会使IS曲线()。
A.向左移动B.向右移动C.保持不变D.发生转动6、一国贸易盈余表示该国()。
A.消费超过产出并且净出口盈余B.消费超过产出并且净出口赤字C.消费低于产出并且净出口盈余D.消费低于产出并且净出口赤字7、在两部门经济模型中,如果边际消费倾向值为0.8,那么自发支出乘数值应该是()。
A.4B.2.5C.5D.1.68、如果中央银行采取扩张性的货币政策,可以()。
A.在公开市场买入债券,以减少商业银行的准备金,促使利率上升B.在公开市场卖出债券,以增加商业银行的准备金,促使利率下跌C.在公开市场买入债券,以增加商业银行的准备金,促使利率下跌D.在公开市场卖出债券,以减少商业银行的准备金,促使利率上升9、已知,C=3000亿元,I=800亿元,G=960亿元,X=200亿元,M=160亿元,折旧=400亿元,则()不正确。
A.净出口=40亿元B.NDP=4400亿元C. GDP=3800亿元D.GDP=4800亿元10、按百分比计算,如果名义GDP上升()价格上升的幅度,则实际GDP将()。
宏观经济学完整习题(附答案)
精选word第十二章国民收入核算二、单项选择题1、下列哪—项不列入国内生产总值的核算中( )A、出口到国外的一批货物B、政府发放给贫困家庭的救济金C、经纪人从旧房买卖中收取的佣金D、保险公司收到的家庭财产保险费2、“面粉是中间产品”这一命题( )A、一定是对的B、一定是不对的C、可能对,也可能不对D、以上三种说法全对3、下列哪一项计入GDP 中? ( )A、购买一辆用过的旧自行车B、购买普通股票C、汽车制造厂买进10吨钢板D、银行向某企业收取一笔贷款利息4、某国的资本品存量在年初为10000亿美元,本年度生产了2500亿美元的资本品,资本消耗折旧为2000亿美元,则该国在本年度的总投资和净投资分别是( )A、2500亿美元和500亿美元B、12500亿美元和10500亿美元C、2500亿美元和2000亿美元D、7500亿美元和8000亿美元5、以下正确的统计恒等式为( )A、投资= 储蓄B、投资= 消费C、储蓄= 消费D、总支出- 投资= 总收入- 储蓄6、下列项目中,( ) 不是要素收入A、总统薪水B、股息C、公司对灾区的捐献D、银行存款者取得的利息7、以下( ) 不能计入国内生产总值A、企业的库存B、家庭主妇的家务劳务折合成的收入C、拍卖毕加索作品的收入D、为他人提供服务所得收入8、安徽民工在南京打工所得收入应该计入到当年( ) 中A、安徽的国内生产总值(GDP)B、安徽的国民收入(NI)C、南京的国民生产总值(GNP)D、南京的国内生产总值(GDP)9、通货膨胀时,GNP价格矫正指数( )A、大于1B、小于IC、大于0D、小于010、一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值,说明该国公民从外国取得的收入( ) 外国公民从该国取得的收入A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于11、如果:消费额= 6亿元,投资额= 1亿元,间接税= 1亿元,政府用于商品和劳务的支出额= 1.5亿元,出口额= 2亿元,进口额= 1.8亿元,则( )A、NNP = 8.7亿元B、GDP = 7.7亿元C、GDP = 8.7亿元D、NNP = 5亿元12、用收入法计算的GDP等于( )A、消费+投资+政府支出+净出B、工资+利息+租金+利润+间接税C、工资+利息+中间产品成本+间接税+利润D、工资+利息+租金+利润+间接税+折旧13、如果当期价格水平低于基期价格水平,那么( )A、实际GDP等于名义GDPB、实际GDP小于名义GDPC、实际GDP与名义GDP 相同D、实际GDP大于名义GDP14、如果钢铁、油漆、绝缘材料以及所有用来制造一个电烤炉的原料价值在计算GDP时都包括进去了,那么这种衡量方法( )A、因各种原料都进入市场交易,所以衡量是正确的。
《宏观经济学》期末考试复习题附答案(参考)
《宏观经济学》期末考试复习题附答案(参考)一、单项选择第十二章国民收入核算1.下列关于GDP说法正确的是(③)①一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值②一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值③一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值④一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值2.某人收入为1000元,个人所得税200元,政府补助150元,则个人可支配收入为(②)① 1350元② 950元③ 650元④ 1050元3.下列将计入当年GDP的一项是(③)①某人花10万元购买一辆二手汽车②面包厂购买的面粉③某企业当年生产没有卖掉的20万元产品④家庭妇女在家从事家务劳动4.如果一个社会体系的消费支出为9亿元,投资支出为1.2亿元,间接税为1亿元,政府用于商品和劳务的支出为2.5亿元,出口额为 3亿元,进口额为1.8亿元,则下列正确的是(①)① GDP为13.9亿元② GDP为12.9亿元③ NDP为13.9亿元④ NDP为12.9亿元5.一国的GNP小于GDP,说明该国公民从国外取得的产值( B )外国公民从该国取得的产值。
A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于6.今年名义GDP大于去年的名义GDP,说明( D )A、今年的物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。
7.在一般情况下,国民收入核算体系中,数值最小的是( C )A、国民生产净值;B、个人收入;C、个人可支配收入;D、国民收入8、一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为( B )A、国民生产净值;B、实际国内生产总值;C、名义国内生产总值;D、潜在国内生产总值9、在统计中,社会保险税增加对( D )项有影响。
A、国内生产总值(GDP);B、国内生产净值(NDP);C、国民收入(NI);D、个人收入(PI)。
宏观经济学试题及答案(完整版)
一、请解释下列概念(每题3分,共151. GDP2.均衡产出3.资本积累的“黄金率水平”4.流动性偏好5.通货膨胀二、单项选择题(每题2分,共30分)1.在一个有家庭、企业、政府和国外部门构成的四部门经济中,GDP是()的总和。
A.消费、总投资、政府购买和净出口;B. 消费、净投资、政府购买和净出口;C. 消费、总投资、政府购买和总出口;D.工资、地租、利息、利润和折旧。
2.下列项目中,()不是要素收入。
A.总统薪水;B.股息;C.企业对灾区的捐献;D.银行存款者取得的利息。
3.一个家庭当其收入为零时,消费支出为2000元;而当其收入为6000时,其消费支出为6000元。
在图形上,消费和收入之间成一条直线,则其边际消费倾向为()。
A.2/3;B.3/4;C.4/5;D.1;4.假设消费者在T年(退休前)时预计退休后每年可得额外的退休金10 000元,根据生命周期假说,该消费者与原来相比较,将()。
A. 在退休前不改变,退休后每年增加10 000元消费;;B. 在退休前增加10 000元消费,退休后不再增加消费;C. 以T年起至生命结束每年增加消费10 000元;D. 将退休后可得到的退休金额均匀地用于增加T年以后的消费中。
5.如果灵活偏好曲线接近水平状,这意味着().A.利率稍有变动,货币需求就会大幅度变动;B.利率变动很大时,货币需求也不会有很大变动;C.货币需求丝毫不受利率的影响;D.以上三种情况都有可能;6.投资往往是易变的,其主要原因之一是().A.投资在很大程度上取决于企业家的预期;B.消费需求变化得反复无常以至于影响投资;C.政府开支代替投资,而政府开支波动剧烈;D.利率水平波动相当剧烈。
,净税收T=20,投资I=70-400r,净税收增加10单位使IS曲线().7.若消费函数为C=40+0.8YdA.右移10单位;B.左移10单位;C.右移40单位;D.左移40单位.8.中央银行有多种职能,只有()不是其职能.A.制定货币政策;B.为成员银行保存储备;C. 发行货币;D. 为政府赚钱B.投资小于储蓄,且货币供给小于货币需求;C.投资大于储蓄,且货币需求小于货币供给;D.投资大于储蓄,且货币需求大于货币供给.10.在下述何种情况下,会产生挤出效应().A.货币供给的下降提高利率,从而挤出了对利率敏感部门的私人支出;B.对私人部门税收的增加引起私人部门可支配收入和支出的下降;;C. 政府支出增加使利率提高,从而挤出了私人部门的支出;D.政府支出的下降导致消费支出的下降。
宏观经济学考试试卷(全英文)-(1)
7.A higher nominal GDP of a nation means that the standard of living is better.()
8.Private saving is saving by government.()
(a)depreciation; (b)consumption;(c)net investment; (d)export
2.The overall supply of money is equal to central bank money times the()
(a)investmentmultiplier.(b)taxmultiplier.
3. Assume that the consumption function is C=100+0.8(Y-T),and the investment function is I=300-20r, and the government purchase G=400, T=400, the money demand function is L=Md/P=0.5Y-50r, the real money supply (ms)is 1000.
1) Please calculate the LM curve and IS curve.
2) Please tell us the equilibrium income and interest rate.
2.When exports is larger than imports, we say the foreign trade is balance.()
宏观经济学期末考试试题(含答案)
《宏观经济学》期末考试试题一、判断题(对的写“T”,错的写“F”;每小题1分,共10分)1.人均真实GDP是平均经济福利(生活水平)的主要衡量指标。
2.1963年美国的最低工资水平是每小时1.25美元,而2013年则为7.25美元,因而,在美国拿最低工资的人的生活水平大大提高了。
3.大多数失业是短期的,然而,大多数所观察到的失业是长期的。
4.通货膨胀并没有降低大多数工人的购买力。
5.家庭决定把大部分收入储蓄起来会使总供给曲线向左移动。
6.某人出售一幅旧油画所得到的收入应该计入当年的国内生产总值。
7.无论什么人,只要没有找到工作就是失业。
8.短期总供给不变时,总需求的变动会引起均衡的国内生产总值同方向变动,物价水平反方向变动。
9.扩张性货币政策的实行可以增加货币供给量,从而使利率水平提高。
10.总需求不足时,政府可以提高转移支付水平,以增加社会总需求。
二、简答题(每小题5分,共15分)1.列出并说明生产率的四个决定因素。
2.解释企业通过提高它所支付的工资增加利润的四种可能原因。
3.是什么因素可能引起总需求曲线向左移动?三、应用题(每小题5分,共20分)假设今年的货币供给是5 00亿美元,名义GDP是10万亿美元,而真实GDP是5万亿美元。
1.物价水平是多少?货币流通速度是多少?2.假设货币流通速度是不变的,而每年经济中物品与服务的产出增加5%。
如果美联储保持货币供给不变,明年的名义GDP和物价水平是多少?3.如果美联储想保持物价水平不变,它应该把明年的货币供给设定为多少?4.如果美联储想把通货膨胀率控制在10%,它应该把货币供给设定为多少?四、计算与分析说明题(每小题10分,共30分;要有计算步骤,否则扣分)b.把2015年作为基年,计算各年的真实GDP。
c.与2016年相比,2017年的名义GDP、真实GDP增长率各是多少?名义GDP增长率和真实GDP增长率孰大孰小?解释原因。
2.一个经济在产出低于其自然水平4000亿美元的水平上运行,而且财政政策制定者想弥补这种衰退性缺口。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案一、名词解释题(本题型共5题。
每题3分,共15分)1.国内生产总值2.平衡预算乘数 3 •流动性偏好 4 •基础货币 5 •充分就业1. 国内生产总值:一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品(物品和劳务)的市场价值。
2 •平衡预算乘数:政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变 动与政府收入支出变动的比率。
3 .流动性偏好:即对货币的需求,由于货币具有使用上的灵活性,人们宁 可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
4. 基础货币:商业银行的准备金总额(法定的和超额的)加上非银行部门 持有的通货是存款扩张的基础,被称为基础货币。
5 .充分就业:在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素(包含劳动)都有机会以自 己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。
1 •下列哪一项将不计入.当年的GDP ?()1.2 •在以支出法计算国内生产总值时,不属于..投资的是()。
A .某企业增加一笔存货;B .某企业建造一座厂房;C •某企业购买一台计算机;D •某企业购买政府债券。
2. ;3. 用收入法计算 GDP 时,不能计入 GDP 的是()A .政府给公务员支付的工资;B .居民购买自行车的支出;C .农民卖粮的收入;D .自有住房的租金。
A •当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值;C •一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值; B •—辆新汽车的价值;D •一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。
3. B ;4. 当实际GDP 为1500亿美元,GDP 缩减指数为120时,名义国民收入为:()6.认为消费者不只同现期收入相关,而是以一生或可预期长期收入作为消费决策的消费理论是(6.7.由于价格水平上升,使人们持有的货币及其他资产的实际价值降低,导致人们消费水平减少,这 种效应被称为(9. 在下列情况下,投资乘数最大的是(A . 1100亿美元;B . 1500亿美元;C . 1700亿美元;D . 1800亿美元。
宏观经济学考试试题(附答案)
宏观经济学考试试题(附答案)一、名词解释:1.税收乘数2.流动性偏好3.凯恩斯主义极端4. 自动稳定器5. 奥肯定律6. 加速数二、简答题1、财政政策的内在稳定器为什么能稳定经济?2、国内生产总值与国民生产总值有何区别?3、简要回答凯恩斯学派货币政策的主要内容。
4、乘数原理与加速原理有什么区别和联系?5、通货膨胀的原因是什么?三、论述题1、按照凯恩斯学派的现代货币理论,货币供给是怎样对经济产生影响的?2、短期消费函数与长期消费函数有何区别?3、均衡国民收入是怎样变化的?四、分析题1、说明下列因素的变化使美元升值还是贬值(1)日本的利率升高;(2)德国的经济增长速度加快;(3)美国的通胀率提高;(4)美国的紧缩性货币政策;(5)美国的扩张性财政政策。
2、根据所学的知识说明决定一国储蓄率的原因,并简要说明我国储蓄率居高不下的原因。
3、怎样理解资本边际效率递减规律?4、制约财政政策发挥作用的因素有哪些?五、计算题1、假如某经济社会的的消费函数为 C = 100 + 0.8Y 投资为50单位。
试计算均衡的收入、消费和储蓄。
2、假定某经济有A、B、C三厂商,A厂商年产5000,卖给B、C和消费者,其中B买200,C买2000,其余2800卖给消费者。
B年产500,直接卖给消费者。
C年产6000,其中3000由A购买,其余由消费者购买。
(1)假定投入在生产都用光,计算价值增加(2)计算GDP为多少(3)如果C有500折旧,计算国民收入3、假定某经济中消费函数为C=0.8(1–t)Y, 税率为t=0.25, 投资函数为I=900–50r, 政府购买G=800, 货币需求为L=0.25Y–62.5r, 实际货币供给为M/P=500, 试求:(1)IS曲线(2)LM曲线(3)两个市场同时均衡时的利率和收入参考答案一、名词解释 1、流动偏好陷阱:当利率极低,人们预期利率不会再下降,或者说债券等资产价格不会再上升而只会跌落,因而会将所持有的债券等资产全部换成货币,人们持有货币所损失的利息很小,但可避免债券等资产价格下跌时的风险。
宏观经济学-期末试题
1.MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. (1 point each,40 points total)1) Which of the following are parts of the business cycles? 1) _______A) inflation and recession B) peak and potential GDPC) real GDP and potential GDP D) recession and expansion2) Macroeconomic policy tools include 2) _______A) unemployment policy and inflation policy.B) monetary policy and fiscal policy.C) monetary policy and unemployment policy.D) fiscal policy and unemployment policy.3) Fiscal policy involves 3) _______A) the use of interest rates to influence the level of GDP.B) the use of tax and money policies by government to influence the level of interest rates.C) the use of tax and spending policies by the government.D) decreasing the role of the Federal Reserve in the everyday life of the economy.4) Fiscal policy might be used to increase long-term growth in real GDP by 4) _______A) motivating an increase in investment. B) encouraging saving.C) reducing unemployment. D) Both answers A and B are correct.5) When U.S. imports exceed U.S. exports, the United States experiences 5) _______A) a decrease in potential GDP. B) a government budget deficit.C) inflation. D) an international deficit.6) The largest component of income is 6) _______A) proprietors' income. B) corporate profits.C) compensation of employees. D) net interest.7) Which of the following transfer payments is included in GDP? 7) _______A) veteran's benefits B) welfare paymentsC) Social Security payments D) none of the above8) Net domestic product equals gross domestic product minus 8) _______A) depreciation. B) net exports. C) inflation. D) investment.9) U.S. investment is financed from 9) _______A) private saving, government budget deficits and borrowing from the rest of the world.B) private saving, government budget surpluses and borrowing from the rest of the world.C) private borrowing, government budget deficits and lending to the rest of the world.D) private saving and borrowing from the rest of the world only.10) The labor force is defined as the number of 10) ______A) people with jobs, both part-time and full-time.B) unemployed people.C) people 16 and over.D) people who are employed and unemployed.11) Unemployment caused by the fluctuation of the business cycle is called ________ unemployment. 11) ______A) frictional B) structuralC) recession-related D) cyclical12) ______12) To calculate the unemployment rate, which of the following are necessary pieces of information?I. the number of unemployed personsII. the populationIII. the number of people in the labor forceIV. the working age populationA) I and IV B) I and II C) I and III D) I, II III and IV13) A classical economist believes that 13) ______A) the economy is self-regulating and always at full employment.B) the economy is self-regulating and will normally, though not always, operate at fullemployment if monetary policy is not erratic.C) if the economy was left alone, it would rarely operate at full employment.D) the economy is self-regulating and will normally, though not always, operate at fullemployment if fiscal policy is not erratic.14) Which of the following shifts both the LAS and SAS curves? 14) ______A) a simultaneous change in both the price level and the money wage rateB) a change in the price levelC) an advance in technologyD) a change in the money wage rate15) When the quantity of money in the economy increases, the 15) ______A) aggregate demand curve shifts rightward.B) wealth effect is no longer operable.C) aggregate demand curve does not shift but the economy moves along it.D) long-run aggregate supply curve shifts leftward.16) A Keynesian economist believes that 16) ______A) the economy is self-regulating and always at full employment.B) the economy is self-regulating and will normally, though not always, operate at fullemployment if monetary policy is not erratic.C) if the economy was left alone, it would rarely operate at full employment.D) the economy is self-regulating and will normally, though not always, operate at fullemployment if fiscal policy is not erratic.17) ______17) In the short run, the intersection of the aggregate demand and the short-run aggregate supplycurves,A) determines the equilibrium level of real GDP.B) is a point where there is neither a surplus nor a shortage of goods.C) determines the equilibrium price level.D) All of the above answers are correct.18) ______18) As the real interest rate increases, the quantity of investment ________. Therefore, theinvestment demand curve plotted against the real interest rate is ________.A) decreases; downward sloping B) increases; upward slopingC) decreases; upward sloping D) increases; downward sloping19) Savings is an important economic growth variable because 19) ______A) it provides a fund for wages needed from any unexpected population growth.B) it helps the economy maintain the current level of total expenditures when a recessionbegins.C) it can finance new investment and capital formation.D) All of the above answers are correct.20) Banks create money whenever they 20) ______A) accept a deposit.B) lend excess reserves to a borrower.C) receive interest on existing loans.D) receive monthly payments on their loans.21) ______21) A bank with $100 million in deposits has $15 million of cash in the bank, $10 million in depositswith the Fed, and $15 million in government securities in its vault. Its total reserves equalA) $10 million. B) $40 million. C) $15 million. D) $25 million.22) ______22) If the Fed wants to fight inflation, it might ________ the quantity of money, which in the shortrun shifts the ________.A) decrease; AD curve rightward B) increase; AS curve leftwardC) decrease; AD curve leftward D) increase; AD curve rightward23) If the Federal Reserve is seeking to increase aggregate demand in the short run, it should 23) ______A) raise the discount rate. B) raise the required reserve ratio.C) increase the quantity of money. D) sell government securities.24) According to the quantity theory of money, 24) ______A) a decrease in the quantity of money will decrease the velocity of circulation.B) an increase in the quantity of money will increase real output.C) an increase in the quantity of money will decrease real output.D) a decrease in the quantity of money will decrease the price level.25) If the inflation rate is higher than expected, then 25) ______A) borrowers gain at the expense of lenders because of the low interest rate.B) lenders gain at the expense of borrowers because of the low interest rate.C) borrowers gain at the expense of lenders because of the high interest rate.D) lenders gain at the expense of borrowers because of the high interest rate.26) ______26) If people correctly anticipate an increase in inflation so that their money wage rate adjustsimmediately, then, assuming the economy is initially at potential GDP,A) only the price level rises with no change in real GDP.B) both the price level and real GDP increase.C) only real GDP increases with no change in the price level.D) neither the price level nor real GDP increase.27) ______27) Suppose the economy of Argentina experiences high anticipated inflation. As a result, we canexpectA) an increase in transactions costs. B) increases in real GDP.C) increased uncertainty. D) Both answers A and C are correct.28) The multiplier is 28) ______A) the ratio of the equilibrium level of real GDP to the change in induced expenditures.B) the ratio of the change in real GDP to the change in autonomous expenditures.C) the ratio of the change in autonomous expenditures to the change in real GDP.D) the ratio of the change in induced expenditures to the change in autonomous expenditures.29) ______29) When disposable income equals $800 billion, planned consumption expenditure equals $600billion, and when disposable income equals $1,000 billion, planned consumption expenditureequals $760 billion. What is the marginal propensity to save?A) 0.20 B) 0.64 C) 0.80 D) 0.2530) According to the real business cycle (RBC) theory, recessions are the result of 30) ______A) a fall in growth rate of productivity.B) a decrease in growth rate of the quantity of money.C) an increase in investment.D) an increase in growth rate of the quantity of money.31) According to the new Keynesian theory, 31) ______A) unanticipated changes in aggregate demand change real GDP.B) anticipated changes in aggregate demand change real GDP.C) the money wage rate is sticky at least in the short run.D) All of the above answers are correct.II.32) Another severe depression is unlikely to occur because of I. bank deposit instab le internati onal currency markets. III. the Fed's role as a lender of last resort. 32) ______ A) I and III B) II and III C) III only D) I and II33) If the federal government adopted a contractionary fiscal policy then 33) ______A) aggregate demand would decrease and real GDP would increase.B) aggregate demand and real GDP would both decrease.C) aggregate demand and real GDP would both increase.D) aggregate demand would increase and real GDP would decrease.34) If the government enacts a contractionary fiscal policy, it might 34) ______A) increase taxes. B) increase government purchases.C) increase the government budget deficit. D) None of the above answers is correct.35) The categories of federal government expenditures, listed from largest to smallest, are 35) ______A) purchases of goods and services, debt interest, and transfer payments.B) debt interest, transfer payments, and purchases of goods and services.C) transfer payments, debt interest, and purchases of goods and services.D) transfer payments, purchases of goods and services, and debt interest.36) The crowding out effect refers to 36) ______A) private investment crowding out government saving.B) government investment crowding out private investment.C) government spending crowding out private spending.D) private saving crowding out government saving.37) An advantage of automatic stabilizers over discretionary fiscal policy is that 37) ______A) only the President is involved in implementing automatic stabilizers instead of both thePresident and Congress.B) automatic stabilizers are not subject to all the same time lags that discretionary fiscal policyis.C) automatic stabilizers require only a simple majority of Congress to pass whereasdiscretionary fiscal policy requires a two-thirds majority to pass.D) automatic stabilizers can be easily fine-tuned to move the economy to full employment.38) Which of the following is a problem in pursuing a monetary policy based on feedback rules? 38) ______A) Fixed rules are illegal.B) Feedback rules are illegal.C) The lag between a change in the quantity of money and its effect on economic activity maybe long.D) None of the above answers is correct.39) Currently the Fed targets 39) ______A) neither the federal funds rate nor the monetary base.B) the price level.C) both the monetary base and the federal funds rate simultaneously.D) the federal funds rate.40) ______40) Suppose the United States is in a recession. If the Fed decreases interest rates because of this fact,the Fed is conducting aA) nondiscretionary policy. B) feedback-rule policy.C) fixed-rule policy. D) flexible-rule policy.2.TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. (1 point each, 20 points total)41) A recession occurs when real GDP decreases for at least 6 months. 41) ______42) Changes in the amount of government purchases is an example of fiscal policy. 42) ______43) ______43) To calculate GDP using the expenditure approach, in part it is necessary to add exports andsubtract imports.44) To measure economic welfare, one needs only to measure the growth in real GDP. 44) ______45) ______45) If a worker is temporarily laid off because the economy is in a recession, frictionalunemployment increases.46) The CPI is the average price of all goods and services produced within the economy. 46) ______47) The wealth effect points out that consumption decreases when people's real wealth decreases. 47) ______48) ______48) If there is an increase in technology, the long-run aggregate supply curve shifts rightward, butthe short-run aggregate supply curve does not shift.49) The long-run aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. 49) ______50) The nominal interest rate is approximately equal to the real interest rate minus the inflation rate. 50) ______51) The expected profit rate rises with business cycle expansions, technological advances, and tax51) ______cuts.52) When the Fed controls the quantity of money, it is regulating financial institutions. 52) ______53) A depository institution creates liquidity and pools risk. 53) ______54) If the Fed sells bonds in the open market, net exports will increase. 54) ______55) Unanticipated inflation causes income to be redistributed between borrowers and lenders. 55) ______56) There is a negative relationship between nominal interest rates and the inflation rate. 56) ______57) The most accurate forecast that can be made is called a rational expectation. 57) ______58) When planned aggregate expenditure is greater than real GDP, inventories decrease. 58) ______59) Induced taxes increase the size of the government purchases multiplier. 59) ______60) A tax cut decreases government saving and can thereby crowd out investment. 60) ______3.Short Answer. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. (10 points)61) Compare and contrast the Keynesian and Monetarist theories explaining the business cycle.4. Calculation problems( 10 points)62) The tables above give the purchases of an average consumer in a small economy. (These consumers purchase only shampoo and pizza.) Suppose 2003 is the reference base period.a) What is the cost of the CPI basket in 2003 and 2004?b) What is the CPI in 2003 and in 2004?c) What is the inflation rate in 2004?5. Extended problems( 20 points)63) In the economy of Jokey Island, autonomous consumption expenditure is $60 million, and the marginalpropensity to consume is 0.6. Investment is $110 million, government purchases are $70 million, and there are no income taxes. Investment and government purchases are constant they do not vary with income.The island does not trade with the rest of the world.a) Draw the aggregate expenditure curve.b) What is the island's autonomous aggregate expenditure?c) What is the size of the multiplier in Jokey Island's economy?d) What is the island's aggregate planned expenditure and what is happening to inventories when realGDP is $800 million?e) What is the economy's equilibrium aggregate expenditur。
宏观经济学》课程期末试卷A卷(附参考答案)
【注意:答案按序号写在答题纸上,答毕后试题与答题纸一并上交】一、单项选择(每题1分,共20分)1.下列哪种情况下货币供给增加_________。
A. 政府购买增加B. 联储从公众手中购买国库债券C. 一个普通民众购买通用汽车的债券D. IBM向公众发售股票,并将收益用于建设新工厂2. 假设你以200000美元购买了一栋新房子并入住,在计算GDP的时候,消费支出__________。
A. 增加了200000美元B. 增加了200000美元除以你预期将在这栋房子里居住的年数C. 增加了这栋房子的估算租金,它等于如果将这栋房子出租可以获得的市场租金D. 不变3. 如果名义货币供给增长10%,实际产出增长3%,货币流通速度不变,实际利率为5%,那么名义利率为__________。
A. 18% % C. 12% D. 8%4. 在未预期到的通货膨胀时期,债权人受害,而债务人受益,因为__________。
A.事后实际利率超过事前实际利率B.事后实际利率低于事前实际利率C.实际利率下降D.名义利率下降5. 对于柯布道格拉斯生产函数,产出中分配给劳动的份额________________。
A.随着劳动数量的增加而减少B.随着劳动数量的增加而增加C.随着资本数量的增加而增加D.不随劳动数量的变化而变化6. 总供给方程表明当价格水平_________时产出超过自然产出水平。
A.较低B.较高C.低于预期价格水平D.高于预期价格水平7. 工资刚性_________。
A.使得劳动需求等于劳动供给B.是由部门转移引起的C.阻止劳动需求和劳动供给到达均衡水平D.提高找到工作的概率8.假定一台可比的电脑在美国的售价为500美元,在德国的售价为2000欧元,如果名义汇率是1美元兑2欧元,那么美元的实际汇率(即一台美国电脑能够换到的德国电脑的数量)为_________。
B. 4 D.9. 在有人口增长但没有技术进步的情况下,索洛增长模型不能解释生活水平的持续增长,其原因在于:A. 总产出没有增长B. 折旧的增长快于产出C. 在稳态,产出、资本和人口的增长率相同D. 资本和人口增长,但产出无法跟上10. 如果目前的稳态人均资本量低于资本的黄金率水平,并且政府实施了提高储蓄率的政策,人均消费__________:A .开始下降到初始水平以下,但是最后上升将到初始水平之上B .一直上升到初始水平之上C .开始上升到初始水平之上,然后逐渐回落到初始水平D .一直下降到初始水平之下11.经济处于流动性陷阱时,__________曲线水平,__________政策无效。
宏观经济学试卷和答案(2)
试阐述通货膨胀的经济效应
1、通货膨胀的含义:物价总水平的持续上升。(2分)
2、包括两部分效应:
(1)再分配效应:通货膨胀不利于靠固定的货币收入维持生活的人,有利于靠变动收入维持生活的人;通货膨胀对储蓄者不利,对银行有利;通货膨胀有利于债务人,不利于债权人(4分)
(2)产出效应:需求拉动型通货膨胀刺激产出水平提高;成本推动型通货膨胀引致失业,产出下降;超级通货膨胀导致经济崩溃。(4分)
A、2.5亿。 B、7.5亿。 C、5.0亿。
4、假定其他条件不变,储蓄曲线向下平行移动意味着总支出曲线( )
A、向上移动。 B、向下移动。 C、不会移动。
5、假定某个经济的国民收入处于充分就业的均衡状况,其数额为2000亿美元。假如再增加100亿美元的投资支出,通货膨胀缺口( )
A、为100亿美元。 B、大于100亿美元。 C、小于100亿美元。
《宏观经济学》课程期末考试试题(A卷闭卷)
专业、班级:姓名:学号:
题 号
一
二
三
四
五
六
总成绩
得 分
一、填空题(共10题,每题1分,共10分)
1、是指一国在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品的市场价值。
2、表示消费与可支配收入之比。
3、假定税收和进口保持不变,乘数等于1。
4、假定其他条件不变,边际储蓄倾向越小,投资支出乘数和消费支出乘数就。
A、3200亿元。 B、3600亿元。 C、3000亿元。
2、在国民收入核算体系里,政府支出是指( )
A、政府购买物品的支出。
B、政府购买物品和劳务的支出加上政府转移支付之和。
C、政府购买物品和劳务的支出,不包括政府转移支付。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)
1.In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annualand seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but noadjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonallyadjusted.2.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3.If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase bya. more than 2 percent.b. 2 percent.c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4.The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject toa. constant returns.b. increasing returns.c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns forhigh levels of capital.5.Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keeptheir children in school has not worked very well in practice.10.Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11.Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12.The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13.In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14.Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15.Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased witha dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsThe initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is illustrated as a move froma. a tob.b. a toc.c. c to b.d. c to d.21.When the government spends more, the initial effect is thata. aggregate demand shifts right.b. aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22.Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23.Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分,共 20 分)31.When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32.In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate. 33.Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34.Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37.In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38.According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39.In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40.In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s. 41.According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price leveldivided by the foreign price level.57.Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. What sort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices.a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very muchrisk."b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value taxbreaks highly."58.Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, a reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59.What are the costs of inflation?60.Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61.Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62.Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63.Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it starts above equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题;每小题 10 分,共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer.Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.52.depreciation:53.capital flight:54.recession:55.automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题;每小题 5分,共 30 分;答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题;每小题 10 分,共 10 分;答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are not subject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本,但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
(完整版)宏观经济学期末试卷和答案
.一、 1、在一般状况下,公民收入核算系统中数值最小的是:A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、公民收入E、国内生产总值2、以下哪一项应计入GDP 中:A、面包厂购置的面粉B、购置 40 股股票C、家庭主妇购置的面粉D、购置政府债券E、以上各项都不该计入。
3、计入 GDP 的有:A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、入迷股票的收入D、夜晚为街坊照看小孩的收入E、从政府那边获取的困难补贴收入4、在以下各项中,属于经济中的注入要素是A 、投资; B、积蓄; C、净税收; D、入口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小 1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下状况中,投资乘数最大的是A、边沿花费偏向为;B、边沿积蓄偏向为;C、边沿积蓄偏向为;D、边沿积蓄偏向为。
7、公民花费函数为C=80+0.8Y ,假如花费增添100 亿元,公民收入A、增添 100亿元;B、减少100 亿元;C、增添 500亿元;D、减少500 亿元。
8、假如政府支出增添A、对 IS 曲线无响应B、 IS 曲线向右挪动C、 IS 曲线向左挪动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增添将A、对 IS 曲线无响应B、 IS 曲线向右挪动C、 IS 曲线向左挪动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于 IS 曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合,都是A、投资大于积蓄;B、投资小于积蓄;C、投资等于积蓄;D、没法确立。
11、当经济中未达到充足就业时,假如LM 曲线不变,政府支出增添会致使A、收入增添、利率上涨;B、收入增添、利率降落;C、收入减少、利率上涨;D、收入减少、利率降落。
12、一般地,在 IS 曲线不变时,钱币供应减少会致使A、收入增添、利率上涨;B、收入增添、利率降落;C、收入减少、利率上涨;D、收入减少、利率降落。
13、假如现行产出水平为10 万亿元,总需求为 8 万亿,能够判定,若经济不是充足就业,那么:A、就业水平将降落B、收入水平将上涨C、收入和就业水平将平衡D、就业量将上涨E、就业水平将上涨,收入将降落14、在流动圈套(凯恩斯圈套)中A、钱币政策和财政政策都十分有效B、钱币政策和财政政策都无效C、钱币政策无效,财政政策有效D、钱币政策有效,财政政策无效E、以上说法都不正确15、假如实行扩充性的钱币政策,中央银行可采纳的举措是A、卖出国债;B、提升法定准备金比率;C、降低再贴现率;D、提升再贴现率;16、假如名义利率为6%,通货膨胀率为12%,那么实质利率是A、6%; B、 18%; C、 12%;D 、 -6%。
(完整版)宏观经济学期末试卷和答案
1、在一般情况下,国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是:A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP 中:A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买40 股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。
3、计入GDP 的有:A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中,属于经济中的注入因素是A 、投资;B、储蓄;C、净税收;D、进口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中,投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为0.7;B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2;C、边际储蓄倾向为0.4;D、边际储蓄倾向为0.3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y ,如果消费增加100 亿元,国民收入A、增加100 亿元;B、减少100 亿元;C、增加500 亿元;D、减少500 亿元。
8、如果政府支出增加A、对IS 曲线无响应B、IS 曲线向右移动C、IS 曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS 曲线无响应B、IS 曲线向右移动C、IS 曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于IS 曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合,都是A、投资大于储蓄;B、投资小于储蓄;C、投资等于储蓄;D、无法确定。
11 、当经济中未达到充分就业时,如果LM 曲线不变,政府支出增加会导致A、收入增加、利率上升;B、收入增加、利率下降;C、收入减少、利率上升;D、收入减少、利率下降。
12、一般地,在IS 曲线不变时,货币供给减少会导致A、收入增加、利率上升;B、收入增加、利率下降;C、收入减少、利率上升;D、收入减少、利率下降。
13、如果现行产出水平为10万亿元,总需求为8 万亿,可以断定,若经济不是充分就业,那么:A、就业水平将下降B、收入水平将上升C、收入和就业水平将均衡D、就业量将上升E、就业水平将上升,收入将下降14、在流动陷阱(凯恩斯陷阱)中A、货币政策和财政政策都十分有效B、货币政策和财政政策都无效C、货币政策无效,财政政策有效D、货币政策有效,财政政策无效E、以上说法都不正确15、如果实施扩张性的货币政策,中央银行可采取的措施是A、卖出国债;B、提高法定准备金比率;C、降低再贴现率;D、提高再贴现率;16 、如果名义利率为6%,通货膨胀率为12%,那么实际利率是A、6%;B、18%;C、12%;D、-6%。
《宏观经济学》课程期末试卷B卷(附参考答案)
【注意:答案按序号写在答题纸上,答毕后试题与答题纸一并上交】一、单项选择(每题1分,共20分)1.国内生产总值是指一国在一定时期内生产的_____的市场价值。
A.产品和劳务B.最终产品和劳务C.中间产品和劳务D.所有产品和劳务2.下列哪几项计入当年的GDP?______A.购买一辆旧车 B.购买1000元股票C.蛋糕厂购入的5吨面粉 D.银行从企业获得的贷款利息3.如果货币供给增加,那么在IS-LM分析框架中___________曲线会向___________移动。
A.LM;左B.LM;右C.IS左D.IS;右4. 在凯恩斯交叉中,乘数的重要性依赖于__________。
A. 投资函数的斜率B. 实际利率C. 实际货币供给的增加D. 消费函数的斜率5. 中央银行在公开市场上买进政府证券的结果将是__________。
A.银行存款增加B.市场利率上升C.公众手里的货币增加D.以上都不是6. 在宏观经济学理论中,短期与长期的关键差别在于__________。
A.消费行为B.投资行为C.价格行为D.储蓄行为7.当一国储蓄率提高并达到新的稳态后,该国__________。
A. 人均产量将以更快的速度增长B. 人均产量将比原来高C. 人均产量将与原来相同D. 以上都正确8. 若名义货币供给量增长了6%,物价水平上涨了4%,产出增长了3%,根据货币数量论方程式,货币流通速度__________。
A. 增加了13%B. 增加了7%C. 增加了3%D. 增加了1%9.贸易赤字不能通过以下哪种方式融资__________。
A.向外国人借款B.向外国人出售本国资产C.向外国人出售国内居民拥有的资产D.向国内贷款人借款10.若中央银行在政府增税的同时减少货币供给,则__________。
A. 利率必然上升B. 利率必然下降C. 均衡收入必然上升D. 均衡收入必然下降11.自然失业率__________。
A. 是历史上最低水平的失业率B.与一国的经济效率之间的关系密切C. 包含摩擦性失业与结构性失业D. 恒为零12.如果美国的生产函数是柯布道格拉斯形式,资本份额为0.3,产出增长率是每年3%,折旧率是每年4%,资本产出比率是2.5,那么稳态时相应的储蓄率是:A.12.5%B.14%C.17.5%D.20%13.下列做法可以使时间不一致性降到最低的是__________。
宏观经济学习题及答案(7)
宏观经济学习题及答案(7)The Solow Model, Part 1Multiple Choice Questions1.In a steady state:a.Capital and labor are inversely related to one another by definition.b.Both consumption-per-worker and the capital-to-labor ratio are constant.c.Consumption-per-worker is constant but the capital-to-labor ratio can change.d.Consumption-per-worker can change but the capital-to-labor ratio is constant.2.In the Solow growth model, which of the following is an exogenous variable?a.Investment-per-worker.b.Total factor productivity.c.The capital-to-labor ratio.d.Consumption-per-worker.3.In the Solow growth model, which of the following is an endogenous variable?a.The saving rate.b.Output-per-worker.c.The depreciation rate.ernment spending.4.The positive slope of the per-worker production function illustrates the relationship between per-worker output and:a.Inflation.b.The unemployment rate.c.The capital-to-labor ratio.d.Diminishing marginal returns to capital.The Solow Model, Part 15.With a closed economy and no government spending, the total demand for output is equal to:a.Consumption per-worker plus investment per-worker.b.Consumption per-worker minus investment per-worker.c.Consumption per-worker divided by investment per-worker.d.Consumption per-worker multiplied by investment per-worker.6.If balanced investment is equal to actual investment, then:a.Capital per-worker is increasing over time.b.Capital per-worker is unchanging over time.c.Capital per-worker is decreasing over time.d.Capital per-worker equals saving per-worker.7.If the capital-to-labor ratio is increasing over time, then:a.Balanced investment per-worker is equal to saving per-worker.b.Balanced investment per-worker is less than saving per-worker.c.Balanced investment per-worker is greater than saving per-worker.d.Balanced investment per-worker is equal to consumption-per-worker.8.Steady-state investment-per-worker is positively related to the capital-to-labor ratio because the higher thecapital-to-labor ratio:a.The lower the capital depreciation rate.b.The greater the amount of resources available for capital investment.c.The more investment-per-worker is required to replace depreciating capital.d.The less the economy need to equip new workers with the same high level of capital.9.Once an economy described by the Solow growth model has reached its steady state, the economy is:a.Not growing.b.Growing at the depreciation rate.c.Growing at the labor force growth rate.d.Growing at the labor force growth rate plus and the depreciation rate.The Solow Model, Part 110.Suppose an economy described by the Solow growth model is at its steady state with no labor force growth, output-per-worker is 35, the saving rate is 20%, and the depreciation rate is 11%. The capital-to-labor ratio is:a.19b.28c.39d.64Discussion Questions1.In the per-worker production function, what factors determine the level of output-per-worker? Which one of these factors does the Solow growth model consider to be exogenous?According to the per-worker production function, derived from the aggregate production function, output per worker Y/L depends on two things: total factor productivity A and the amount of capital per worker, the capital–labor ratio K/L.The Solow growth model considers total factor productivity to be an exogenous variable and provides no explanation for changes in its value.2.Why does the per-worker production function have its particular shape and slope?The per-worker production function slopes upward because an increase in capital–per–worker increases output–per–worker. However, as capital–per–worker rises, the additional output–per–worker that can be produced with each unit addition to the capital–to–labor ratio declines because the per–worker production function, like the aggregate production function on which it is based, exhibits diminishing marginal product of capital. Thus the per–worker production function becomes flatter as the capital–to–labor ratio increases.The Solow Model, Part 13.What determines the amount of investment per worker and capital accumulation in the Solow growth model?The amount of investment–per–worker is based on the equality of saving and investment in the long–run.The Solow model assumes workers save a given proportion s of their output–per–worker Y/L so s*Y/L is available to finance investment–per–worker I/L.To avoid capital dilution and a decline in the capital–to–labor ratio, a fraction of this investment must be used to replace old capital that has worn out (depreciated). This fraction is the depreciation rate δ.Capital accumulation—increases in capital–per–worker—occur only if the amount of investment is greater than δ*K/L. The change in capital–per–worker, then, equals investment–per–worker minus depreciation–per–worker.4.What are the two determinants of the steady-state level of capital-per-worker? Why does capital-per-workermove to this steady-state level?Given the per-worker production function and fixed productivity and labor force, the steady-state level of capital–per–worker depends on the proportion of income–per–worker that is saved and the depreciation rate.The steady state is achieved when the level of capital–per–worker does not change. For this to occur, the amount of investment–per–worker must equal depreciation–per–worker.If the capital–to–labor ratio is above the steady-state level, investment is less than the amount of new capital needed to replace that which wears out. With more capital wearing out than is being replaced, capital–per–worker declines toward the steady-state level. If the capital–to–labor ratio is below the steady-state level, investment more than adequate to replace the capital that wears out and capital–per–worker rises toward the steady-state level. Thus the capital–to–labor ratio moves to the steady-state level regardless of its initial value.The Solow Model, Part 1Analytical QuestionsThese questions should be answered based on the standard models of analysis developed in class.The information in the various parts of the question is sequential and cumulative.1.Suppose there are two countries – Country A and CountryB. Both countries have identical productionfunctions, total factor productivity, depreciation rates, and saving rates. However, the labor force growth rate in Country A is faster than the labor force growth rate in Country B.e a single Solow diagram to clearly and accurately show the steady-state capital-to-labor ratio andincome-per-worker in Country A (in RED) and Country B (in BLUE).The Solow Model, Part 1b.Provide an economic explanation for the differences between the two countries. Be sure to discuss therelative growth rates between Country A and Country B.Country A has faster labor force growth than Country B. As a consequence, it must devote a larger share of its investment to equipping these new workers with the same amount of capital that existing workers already have. This reduces the net increment to the capital stock, resulting in a lower capital-to-labor ratio in Country A than in Country B.Because the capital-to-labor ratio is lower in Country A, it will have a lower income-per-worker than Country B given that the production function, total factor productivity, the saving rate, and the depreciation rate are the same between the 2 countries.However, when an economy described by the Solow growth model is at its steady state, it grows at the same rate as its laboreconomic growth rate also exceeds Country B’s economic growth rate.The Solow Model, Part 12.Suppose there are two countries – Country A and CountryB. Both countries have identical productionfunctions, total factor productivity, labor force growth rates, and saving rates. However, the depreciation rate inCountry A is higher than the depreciation rate in Country B.e a single Solow diagram to clearly and accurately show the steady-state capital-to-labor ratio andincome-per-worker in Country A (in RED) and Country B (in BLUE).I B/L = ( δ0A + g L0 )*( K/L)I B/L = ( δ0B + g L0 )*( K/L)The Solow Model, Part 1b.Provide an economic explanation for the differences between the two countries. Be sure to discuss therelative growth rates between Country A and Country B.Country A has a higher depreciation rate than Country B. As a consequence, it must devote a larger share of its investment to replacing the capital equipment that is wearing out. This reduces the net increment to the capital stock, resulting in a lower capital-to-labor ratio in Country A than in Country B.Because the capital-to-labor ratio is lower in Country A, it will have a lower income-per-worker than Country B given that total factor productivity, the saving rate, and the labor force growth rate are the same between the 2 countries.However, when an economy described by the Solow growth model is at its steady state, it grows at the same rate as its laborCountry B, Country A’s economic growth rate also equals Country B’s economic growth rate.。
宏观经济学试卷(附有答案)
宏观经济学试卷一、名词解释(每题3分,共15分)1、国内生产总值2、挤出效应3、生命周期假说4、充分就业预算盈余5、国际收支平衡二、选择题(每题1分,共15分)1、下列哪一项不列入国内生产总值的核算?()A 出口到外国的一批货物B 政府给贫困家庭发放的一笔救济金C 经济人为一笔旧房买卖收取佣金D 保险公司收到一笔家庭财产保险2、一国从国外取得的净要素收入大于零,说明()。
A GNP>GDPB GNP=GDPC GNP<GDPD GNP与GDP不可比3、根据消费函数,引起消费增加的因素是()A 价格水平下降B 收入增加C 储蓄增加D利率提高4、利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线右上方,LM曲线的左上方区域中,则表示:()A 投资小于储蓄且货币需求小于货币供给B 投资小于储蓄且货币需求大于货币供给C 投资大于储蓄且货币需求小于货币供给D 投资大于储蓄且货币需求大于货币供给5、IS、LM曲线斜率直接影响到财政政策的效果。
一般情况下,IS曲线越,财政政策效果越大;LM曲线越,财政政策效果越大。
()A 陡峭陡峭B 陡峭平坦C 平坦平坦D 平坦陡峭6、市场利率提高,银行的准备金会()A 增加B 减少C 不变D 以上几种情况都可能7、哪种理论预言总储蓄将依赖于总人口中退休人员和年轻人的比例。
( )A 绝对收入假说B相对收入假说C 生命周期假说D 持久收入假说8、“挤出效应”发生于( )。
A 货币供给减少使利率提高,挤出了对利率敏感的私人部门支出B 私人部门增税,减少了私人部门的可支配收入和支出C 所得税的减少,提高了利率,挤出了对利率敏感的私人部门支出D 政府支出减少,引起消费支出下降9、关于IS曲线()。
A 若人们的储蓄倾向增高,则IS曲线将右移B 若投资需求曲线向外移动,则IS曲线将左移C 预算平衡条件下政府支出增加并不移动IS曲线D 充分就业预算盈余的减少意味着IS曲线右移10、假定IS曲线和LM曲线的交点所表示的均衡国民收入低于充分就业的国民收入。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)
一、选择题(每小题1分,共30 分)1.The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2.A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without moreinformation.4.A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5.In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S. steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believehave adverse effects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believed. None of the above is correct.11.Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12.Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13.Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higherinflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions inrelative prices due to inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflationis high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that donot adjust for inflation.14.International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers itfor exporting countries.15.Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located inEastern European countries.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22.An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23.Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24.According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demandare inversely related.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demandare positively related.25.Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26.If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27.Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.36.The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37.A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38.According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39.The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40.The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41.In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capital outflow.42.In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43.Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.44.If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market forforeign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45.In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46.John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47.An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right.48.Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers.49.In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50.Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题;每小题10 分,共10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer.Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.52.depreciation:53.capital flight:54.recession:55.automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题;每小题5分,共30分;答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题;每小题10 分,共10分;答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the业产品的需求。
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1.In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonallyadjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment forseasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2.The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3.If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase bya. more than 2 percent.b. 2 percent.c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4.The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject toa. constant returns.b. increasing returns.c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for highlevels of capital.5.Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep theirchildren in school has not worked very well in practice.c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increaseeconomic growth.d. All of the above are correct.6.Use the following table to answer the following question.Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. What was the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407.Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and national saving?a. 1500, 1000, 500b. 1000, 500, 1500c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8.Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a long period of time, we would expect thata. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person.b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averseperson.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9.The natural rate of unemployment is thea. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10.Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11.Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12.The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13.In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14.Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports. 15.Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16.Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17.Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18.The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.19.In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest ratea. and the real exchange rate increase.考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师:教学班号:姓名:学号:∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20.For the following question, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market isillustrated as a move from a. a to b. b. a to c. c. c to b.d. c to d.21.When the government spends more, the initial effect is that a. aggregate demand shifts right. b. aggregate demand shifts left. c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22.Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23.Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24.According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve is a. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25.When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system a. increase, so the money supply increases. b. increase, so the money supply decreases. c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases. 26.According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes the a. interest rate and investment to rise. b. interest rate and investment to fall. c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.27.If the stock market crashes, a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply. b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply. c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.28.If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa.5/3. b. 5/2.c. 5.d. 15.29.If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, pricesa. rise and unemployment falls.b. fall and unemployment rises.c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30.If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will havea. higher unemployment and lower output.b. higher unemployment and higher output.c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.31.When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.F32.In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.F 33.Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.T34.Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.T35.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.T36.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.F37.In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.T 38.According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.F39.In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, ceteris paribus.F40.In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.F41.According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.F42.Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market.T43.If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.F44.Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run.F45.Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.T46.All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.T47.Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.T48.During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.T49.If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.T50.The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate.T三、名词解释(每小题 2 分,共 10 分)51.diminishing returns: the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an inputdeclines as the quantity of the input increases.52.nominal exchange rate: the rate at which a person can trade the currency of onecountry for the currency of another.53.crowding-out effect: the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionaryfiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.stagflation: a period of falling output and rising prices.55.automatic stabilizers: changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand whenthe economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberateaction.四、简答题( 8题中任选6题;每小题 5分,共30 分)56.Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living?Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a marketeconomy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or overthe income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there willbe little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, therewill be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of thecountry. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation andwill reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57.Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices.a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk."A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are not subject tofederal income tax.b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breaks highly."A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk than government bonds and have nospecial tax treatment, they pay moderate rates of return.58.Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, a reserve ratio of 10percent, and excess reserves of $300.First National Bank of MeAssets LiabilitiesReserves $800 Deposits $5,000Loans $4,20059.What are the costs of inflation?The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce yourinflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that resultfrom the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; thecosts of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealththat accompany unexpected inflation.60.Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, moregenerous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level ofeducation, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supplycurves.考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师:教学班号:姓名:学号:∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not veryimportant factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63.Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches itsequilibrium value if it starts above equilibrium.If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本,但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。