英语中最难的语法:倒装虚拟、混合虚拟、含蓄虚拟与跳层虚拟的用法
高考必背考点(虚拟,倒装)
埋头苦读,浴血狂背,追求卓越,挑战极限;从绝望中寻找希望,置之死地而后生;永不放弃追求,人生终将辉煌!1高考必背考点虚拟语气句型:1、虚拟语气句型⑪. 动词wish后跟由that引导的宾语从句(that经常被省略),从句谓语要用虚拟语气表示:①主语+wish (that) +主语+did (were) +其它→表示与目前的愿望相反②主语+wish (that) +主语+had done +其它→表示与过去的愿望想反③主语+wish (that) +主语+would/could+动词原形+其它→表示将来不可能实现的愿望I wish I were a bird.I wish I had won the match.I wish I could help you.说明:①wish 的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定:如果将wish 改为wished 其后that从句中的动词形式不变。
I wished I could help you. ②有时候wish可以用来表示一种客气的请求I wish I could see him now. I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more. ③注意wish与hope 的区别:两者均可接宾语从句,wish表示愿望,后面的从句要用虚拟语气;hope 表示希望,后面从句不用虚拟语气;但是had hoped 后面的宾语从要用虚拟语气,从句谓语用would +动词原形,表示过去未能实现的愿望。
He had hoped that he would do better in his work. We had hoped that she would change her mind. I had hoped that she would answer my letter.【wish与hope的其它区别:1、都不能接动名词,可接不定式,意义差别不大;2、不能说hope sb to do , 只能说wish sb to do;3、hope 后不能直接接名词作宾语,若要接需要先接for,即hope for sth Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 4、wish 可接双宾语,hope 则不能】2If I didn’t have such an ugly face, I would live with my parents.If I were you, I would go home now.If you had been my dad, you would not have abandoned me.If I had been rich, I would have taken care of you.If my dad should/ were to come to me tomorrow, I would teach him a lesson.If I were to live my life over again, I would have you as my life.句型说明:①在非真实条件句中be 不论主语为第几人称,一律用were; ②主句中除了用would 之外,还可用情态动词could, might, should;③虚拟条件句也可以位于主句之后eg:You could have done better if you had been more careful. ④引导非真实条件句的连接词,除了if 这外,以下几种连词引导的从句有时也可用虚拟语气:1)unless 除非2),suppose/supposing (that) 假如3)provided/providing (that) 若……4)even if 即使5)granting/granted (that)即使6)so long as只要7)but that 若不是3、虚拟语气句型⑬:错综时间虚拟条件句——CgZx CxZgIf it had rained last night, it would be very cold today. 2If I had taken your advice, I should have no trouble with the work now.If you had married him, you would be the wife of a gas station attendant instead of the wife of a chief executive office.My dear, if had married him, he would be the chief executive officer and you would be the gas station attendant.If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.If I didn’t love her, I wouldn’t have married.说明:错综时间条件句中,特别注意时间状语,在这种情况下必须明确给出时间或通过上下文可以看出时间不同,否则就按虚拟语气句型(3)的形式固定搭配使用。
如何搞清虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格?
如何搞清虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格?一.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
虚拟语气主要分为与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反三个种类。
让我们一一来看下它们的结构和用法吧!1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。
(事实:没有带钱)If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。
(事实:没有努力)If I were you,I'd wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你,我就会穿衬衫和领带。
(事实:我并不是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have doneeg:If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
倒装的作用及虚拟的用法
倒装的作用及虚拟的用法倒装是一种语法现象,指的是将谓语动词或助动词提到主语之前的语法结构。
倒装有两种形式:完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装:谓语动词或助动词完全移到主语之前。
例如:1. Not only did he pass the exam, but he also got the highest score.(不仅他通过了考试,而且他还得了最高分。
)2. Little did I know that he was planning a surprise party for me. (我完全不知道他正在为我计划一个惊喜派对。
)部分倒装:只有谓语的一部分移到主语之前,其他部分仍然保持在其原来的位置。
例如:1. Is she a doctor? (她是医生吗?)2. Had I known about the event, I would have attended.(如果我知道这个事件,我会参加的。
)1.突出表达:倒装可以强调句子中的一些成分,通常是主语、状语或谓语。
通过将这些成分提前来突出它们的重要性。
例如:Normal sentence: She passed the exam.Inverted sentence: Passed the exam, she did.2.句子平衡:倒装可以使句子更加平衡,尤其是在使用连词,暗示条件或选择时。
例如:Normal sentence: He not only plays the piano, but also the guitar.Inverted sentence: Not only does he play the piano, but also the guitar.虚拟的用法:虚拟语气是用来表达非现实状态或假设情况的语法结构。
它由虚拟动词(如should, would, could等)引导。
虚拟语气常常用于条件句、建议、愿望、命令等。
例如:1. If I were you, I would go to the party.(如果我是你,我会去参加派对。
高中必备知识点解析虚拟语气的形式与用法
高中必备知识点解析虚拟语气的形式与用法虚拟语气是高中英语必备的语法知识点之一。
它在英语中经常被用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令和推测等情态,通过使用虚拟语气,可以使语言更加丰富和准确。
本文将深入解析虚拟语气的形式与用法。
一、虚拟语气的形式1. 虚拟语气的一般现在时:用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其结构为:主语+动词原形(倒装)。
例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更加努力学习。
)2. 虚拟语气的一般过去时:用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。
其结构为:主语+动词过去式(倒装)。
例如:If I had seen her yesterday, I would have said hello.(如果我昨天见到她,我会问好的。
)3. 虚拟语气的过去完成时:用于表示对过去情况的猜测或不可能发生的情况。
其结构为:主语+动词过去完成式(倒装)。
例如:I wish I had studied harder for the exam.(我希望我为考试努力学习。
)二、虚拟语气的用法1. 表达假设与条件:If I were you, I would travel around the world.(如果我是你,我会环游世界。
)I wish I had a million dollars.(我希望我有一百万美元。
)2. 表达愿望与建议:I wish you would stop smoking.(我希望你戒烟。
)It's important that she arrive on time.(她按时到达很重要。
)3. 表达命令与要求:The teacher ordered that the students be quiet.(老师要求学生们保持安静。
)She insisted that he leave immediately.(她坚持要他立刻离开。
)4. 表达推测与猜测:He looks as if he were sick.(他看起来像是生病了。
英语虚拟与倒装用法
虚拟句用法.....虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气,它不表示客观存在。
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如:If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.(2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如:If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.(3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如:If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如:If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式:条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(b e用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主语”。
虚拟与倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, s eldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。
Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the ro om.当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asl eep.应用条件虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。
在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态:现在时,过去时,将来时。
在条件句中的应用:条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
在什么情况下用虚拟语气在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时,用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句eg .If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。
( 真实条件状语)(不是虚拟语气)If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。
倒装、虚拟语气讲解
倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见的结构有:1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1) Why can't I smoke here?At no time___ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。
英语语法:倒装,虚拟
6.so/neither/nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适用 开头的句子, 开头的句子 于后者时,用倒装句 于后者时, “so/neither/nor be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”。 助动词/情态动词+主语” 助动词
She has been to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连,我也去过 她去过大连, 她去过大连 我也去过。 John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen. 约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。 约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该 用shall, will.
If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +动词原 形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
条件从句引导的表假设的虚拟语气。 二、由IF条件从句引导的表假设的虚拟语气。 条件从句引导的表假设的虚拟语气
但only修饰主语时,则不倒装 修饰主语时, 修饰主语时
Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女 生知道怎样解那道题。
2.含有否定意义的副词(never, seldom, little, few, 含有否定意义的副词( 含有否定意义的副词 not, nowhere等)位于句首时。 等 位于句首时。
Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should have seen you.要 是你参加了毕业典礼,我就会见到你了。 10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如 在某些表示祝愿的句子中。 在某些表示祝愿的句子中
虚拟语气的用法分类
虚拟语气虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块:I.名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形II.非真实条件从句中的虚拟语气种类1. 三种基本态2. 倒装虚拟句3. 混时虚拟句4. 含蓄虚拟句5. 跳层虚拟句III.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/would rather/it’s high time…/if only…/as if…)I、名词从句虚拟语气(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形,eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气例如:Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss) (10湖北76)答案:(should) be discussed(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中,形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。
形容词:astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。
虚拟语气语法归纳
虚拟语气语法归纳虚拟语气语法归纳四川省大竹中学孙天令纵观近几年的高考,虚拟语气正逐渐成为高考的热点。
结合自己高三的教学经验,我把虚拟语气分为“三部曲”,与大家一起探讨一下虚拟语气的“考点”,以对症下药,攻克难点。
(一)、一部曲:“规则篇”1、用于条件状语从句(从句用时态提前的方式即倒推一个时态表达)条件句中的虚拟语气根据时间的不同分为三种不同的形式。
(1)一般条件句小,could表“能力”)1)针对现在情况的虚拟:If he were free,he would help us .要是他有空的话,他会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school,he would know you well . 如果他在这所学校学习的话,他会对你很了解.2) 针对过去情况的虚拟: If you had come a few minutes earlier , you would have met him,要是你早来几分钟的话,你就见到他了.If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过那场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你.3) 针对将来情况的虚拟: If It were Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friend. 明天要是星期天,我会去看望我的朋友. If It should rain, the crops could be saved.万一要是下一场雨的话,庄稼或许还有救.(天不大可能下雨) If he were to come here, he would tellus about it.如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声.(2)混合虚拟条件句(从句与主句时间不一致)当虚拟条件从句中的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时,从句和主句的动词就要根据各自的具体时间来使用所需的形式。
倒装的作用及虚拟的用法
倒装的作用及虚拟的用法倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句式结构,其特点是谓语动词在主语之前出现,或者在句首倒装。
倒装句常用于强调句子中的一些成分,使语气更加强烈,也可以用于修辞或情感的表达。
倒装句的运用可以使句子更加生动,具有一定的修辞效果。
倒装句的作用如下:1.强调句子中的一些成分:通过将谓语动词放在主语之前,可以突出句子中的其中一成分,使其更加突出。
例如:- "On the chair were my keys."(我的钥匙在椅子上。
)- "Not a word did he say."(他一句话也没说。
)2.改变语气及情感的表达:倒装句能够使句子语气更强烈、更有力,表达出说话人的情感、态度或命令。
例如:- "Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset."(我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
)- "Only after he left did I realize how much I loved him."(他离开后,我才意识到我有多爱他。
)3.减少重复:倒装句可以减少句子中重复的部分,使句子更简洁、更流畅。
例如:- "In the garden stood a tall oak tree and a small maple tree."(花园里站着一棵高高的橡树和一棵小小的枫树。
)虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法形式,用来表达假设、愿望、建议、要求等不真实的情况。
虚拟语气的用法如下:1.表达假设:虚拟语气经常用于表达与事实相反的假设情况。
例如:- "If I were you, I would apologize."(如果我是你,我会道歉。
)(事实上,我并不是你。
)- "I wish I had studied harder for the exam."(我希望我当初考试时学得更努力。
英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用
英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊句式,用来表达非事实、假设、愿望等情况。
虚拟语气通常与条件句或从句连用,可以用于表达建议、命令、愿望、假设等多种情况。
与虚拟语气相关的一个用法是倒装句,它在语法结构上具有一些特殊的规则。
本文将介绍英语语法中虚拟语气和倒装句的使用。
一、虚拟语气1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示与事实相反的假设或条件。
常见的虚拟条件句包括与现在事实相反的假设(用过去完成时表示)、与过去事实相反的假设(用过去完成时表示)、与将来事实相反的假设(用一般过去时表示)等。
例如:- If I were you, I would invite him to the party.(与现在事实相反的假设)- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(与过去事实相反的假设)- If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(与将来事实相反的假设)2. 虚拟命令、建议和要求虚拟命令、建议和要求用于表达愿望、建议或要求。
常用动词有advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request等。
例如:- I recommend that he study more.(我建议他多学习。
)- The teacher insisted that the students finish their homework.(老师坚持要求学生完成作业。
)3. 虚拟愿望虚拟愿望用于表达对于现在情况的不满或对于将来情况的期望。
通常使用“希望”(wish)来引导宾语从句。
例如:- I wish I were taller.(我希望我更高。
)- I wish it would stop raining.(我希望停止下雨。
)二、倒装句倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句子结构,它的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒。
(完整版)if引导的条件状语从句-虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论:1.名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2.条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest)一.三种基本形态(1)表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在:did / were would (should, might, could)+do过去:had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)将来:were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do三种基本形态(2)(这是基础,建议牢记下面的例句,争取能脱口而出)与现在事实相反:If I had enough money, I would buy a book.与过去事实相反:If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.与将来事实相反:If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式)Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.三、混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语)(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.四、含蓄虚拟句(在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点,但在阅读中常见)3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
虚拟语气的考点归纳与解题指导
虚拟语气的考点归纳与解题指导作者:黄丽来源:《广东教育·高中》2014年第01期一、考点归纳语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
1. if条件句中的虚拟语气。
虚拟条件句从句和主句的动词形式(以do为例)列表如下:注意:(1)混合虚拟语气①:即主、从句虚拟的不是同一时间,注意各自的时态。
(2)混合虚拟语气②:即主句和从句中,一句与事实相反,用虚拟;另一句与事实一致,用实际时态。
(3)虚拟中的倒装:如果if引导的虚拟条件从句中含were,had, should等,可将其置于句首,省略if。
(4)含蓄虚拟:如without,but for,in the absence of (如果没有)引出的短语代替if从句,或者or,otherwise代替if从句。
2. 其他句型中的虚拟语气。
(1)句型It is important/necessary/natural/strange/surprising/...+ that...或It is a rule/a shame/a pity/an honor/no wonder /...+ that...以上从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以根据情况翻译成“应该”或“居然”。
(2)表示“建议/要求/劝告/命令”类词,如advise/demand/desire/insist/order/propose/recommend/request/require/suggest/urge等,作动词时,其后的宾语从句中,或其名词、形容词、过去分词等后的名词性从句中,从句动词用(should+)动词原形。
注意:当suggest意为“表明、暗示”,insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”时,要用陈述语气,即实际时态。
(3)as if/as though/would rather等后面的从句,从句时态往后退一步,即:表示现在/将来用were/did;表示过去用had done。
英语语法1(虚拟、倒装)
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9. If only 后面的虚拟语气
谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在没有实现的愿望,
谓语动词用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望, 常译成“要是……就好了”。 If only I could speak several foreign languages!
我要是能讲几种外语就好了。
If only she had known where to find you. 她要是知道去哪儿找你就好了。
7.would rather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather/would sooner和would just as soon 等表示“宁愿”。 用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的一种愿望。 用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 I’d rather I paid the money myself. 我宁愿我自己付钱。 I’d rather he hadn’t done that . 我真愿他没有做那件事。
部分倒装句的具体用法
1. 句首是否定词或带有否定意义的词语时,常用部 分倒装。 Under no circumstances shall we cancel the party. 常用于这一结构的词或短语有: other time, by no means, under no circumstances, hardly, scarcely, seldom, in no way, in vain, little, never, rarely, few, no sooner…than, hardly…when, nowhere, not until, not only…but also, not a single word, not frequently
2.用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为: “...(should ) + do sth.” 类似用法的动词有: insist(坚持), suggest(建议), order(命令), propose(建议), demand(要求), command (命令), advise(建议), desire(要求、请求), request(请求), require(需要、要求), ask(要求), prefer(宁愿), recommend(推荐) arrange(安排), e.g. She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advocate(拥护、提倡), advance. maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。 她坚持要预定座位。
教资-英语-句法(特殊句式:虚拟、强调、省略、倒装、独立主格)
教资-英语-句法-特殊句式--(虚拟、倒装、强调、省略、独立主格)【说在课前】今天晚上学习虚拟语气。
【解析】1.句法的第 1-3 节课讲完了三大从句。
后面句法的第 4-6 节课会讲特殊句式,即虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句、省略句和独立主格。
今天晚上学习虚拟语气。
2.明天全天没有课程,大家可以把前三节课学习的三大从句和今天晚上学习的虚拟语气好好梳理一下。
一、虚拟语气What is subjunctive mood?虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
【解析】虚拟语气:1.表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,不表示客观存在的事实。
我们讲话的时候还有一种情况,比如我中了五百万我就买一辆劳斯莱斯;我要是一个男人的话,我会……,中五百万和我要是个男人,这个事情还是有可能发生的,只是发生几率很低,也会用虚拟语气,所以小概率的事件也会用虚拟语气。
2.虚拟语气就是通过对谓语动词进行特定的变形体现的。
比如谓语动词do,可以变成does, did, doing, done。
考试着重考的是谓语动词的变化形式。
考点:动词形式虚拟语气1.与if 相关2.与愿望、建议、要求、命令等相关3.“要是……就好了/好像”4.It's (high/about) time+从句5.虚拟语气的其他形式【解析】前两个是重点,会有一些变化;后面三个没有什么理解难度,比较固定,老师也会带着大家梳理一下。
1.与if 相关。
2.与愿望、建议、要求、命令等相关。
3.“要是……就好了/好像”。
4.It's (high/about) time+从句。
5.虚拟语气的其他形式。
1.与if 相关if 引导的条件状语从句错综时间条件句省略if代替if【解析】与if 相关:下面有四个小考点。
1.i f 引导的条件状语从句。
今天上午有提到if 引导的条件状语从句,但没有提到虚拟语气。
2.错综时间条件句。
2025届高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解讲义
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识(一)什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设(情感),也是一种语气(mood)的表现形式,表明说话的目的和意图。
(语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气)虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况,即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子,"If I were you"因为我不可能是你,这是一种不可能存在的事实,所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系:一是表示与事实相反的,或者是假象的情形,通常由if引导,叫做虚拟条件句;另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气,表示建议,命令或者要求等语气,类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
(二)虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解不同情况条件从句谓语主句谓语使用场景与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+should/would/could/might+have done既然是过去了,那么谈到的一切情况都已既成事实,所以过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形与现在事实相反If+主语+did(be动词用were)主语+should/would/could/might+do既可能是事实,也可能是假设条件。
因此,假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况与将来事实相反If+主语+ did(be动词用were)If+主语+ wereto + doIf+主语+should+ do主语+should/would/could/might+do对于将来时间的虚拟不可能以事实为基础,而只能是表达说话人的一个设想或愿望。
所以,对于将来的虚拟只适用于假设条件句,而不可能表达一个与事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反:If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
(但我没有)与将来事实相反:If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作,我会是另一种做法。
英语虚拟语气及倒装精简总结
英语虚拟语气及倒装精简总结虚拟语气英语中的各种语气:1、陈述语气:I like apples我喜欢苹果。
I don't like apples2、疑问语气:What's your name?Do you like apples?3、祈使语气:Open the door4、虚拟语气:If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你,我将会原谅她。
1、与现在的事实相反:从句用过去式,主句用would/could/might/should/+V原形例如;If I had time, the classroom would be cleaner.如果我有时间,教室将会更加干净。
2、与过去的事实相反:主句用would/could/should/might/+ have done , 从句过去完成时。
例如;If I had finished my homework, I would have passed that test.如果当时我完成了我的作业,我就能够通过我的考试了。
3、与将来的事实相反:主句用:should/could/would/might/+V原形,从句用should do(可能性最大),过去式(可能性一般)were to do(可能性最小)If it should snow tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it snowed tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it were to snow tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,我将对个雪人虚拟语气的倒装形式If I had worked hard, I would have finished it如果当时我努力工作,我就已经完成它了。
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(4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句)
(5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句)
(6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
(or, or else, otherwise)
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反)
Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反)
六、名词从句虚拟语气
(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论:
1.名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形
2.条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句 ⑤跳层虚拟句
3.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest)
(3) 过去分词:decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词:advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等
(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中,形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词:astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名词从句虚拟语气
(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)
If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
四、含蓄虚拟句(在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点,但在阅读中常见)
3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。
It is (high/about) time…
It is time you thought about your future.
would rather…
I would rather you didn’t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反)
If only…
If only I were taller. (与现在事实相反)
If only he had followed your advice! (与过去事实相反)
If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。
What would I have done without you?
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
(1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句)
(2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)
(3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词派生的形容词+that引导的主语从句)
二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式)
Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.
I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)
Lest…, in case…, for fear that…(引导的是目的状语从句,但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟),这是因它们答案特征相同,即 (should)+动词原形。eg.
以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should +do的虚拟语气形式,其中,should可以省略。
将来: were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do
三种基本形态(2)(这是基础,建议牢记下面的例句,争取能脱口而出)
与现在事实相反:If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
七、其它虚拟语气
Wish…
I wish I knew the answer.(与现在事实相反)
I wish I had known the answer. (与过去事实相反)
I wish you would shut up. (与将来事实相反)
虚拟语气在四级考试中是一个必考的考点。其中,最常考的是它在宾语从句中的用法。一些表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句,此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should +do(其中 should可以省略)的虚拟语气形式。该类动词包括:
(1)高中词汇:advise(劝告)、ask(要求)、decide(决定)、insist(坚持)、order(命令)、suggest(建议)等。
一.三种基本形态(1)
表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
现在: did / were would (should, might, could)+do
过去: had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)
五、跳层虚拟句(即句子一半为虚拟,另一半为陈述语气;but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟) (but)
He wouldቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱput on weight, but he doesn't eat much. (与现在事实相反)
He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much. (与过去事实相反)
3.基本形式(主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气),特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)
4.倒装的两个时间:与过去,与将来相反;三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写,if省去;
5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)
He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征
1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词(名词,动词,形容词,分词等)以及lest.
2. 一般过去时:wish/If only…/would rather/It’s time (high/about) that….
例句:I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam.如果你们想考试及格,我劝你们勤奋学习。
特别提示:在复习时,可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句(以动词advise为例):
(2)四级常考词汇:command(命令)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、prefer(宁愿)、propose(提议)、recommend(劝告)、require(要求)等。
(3)其他词汇:consent(同意)、maintain(主张)、move(提议)、urge(极力主张)、vote(提议)等。