2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题
2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题命题人：大学英语教研室试卷类别：_B 卷大学英语课程试卷2005至2006学年第二学期专业：非英语专业年级：05级姓名：_____ 学号：______成绩:_____ 考试形式：闭卷时间：100分钟Part I Vocabulary and StructureSection AChoose the correct item to complete each sentence. (0.5’ X 10)1. It is important to give children _________ to think for themselves.A. locationB. placeC. roomD. position2. He always ___________ the latest fashions.A. commentedB. appearedC. followedD. attempted3. The twins were dressed ________ in blue jeans so I couldn’t tell which was which.A. likeB. likelyC. alikeD. liking4. It’s wrong to leave a hotel without _______ all your bills.A. givingB. payingC. charging C. taking5. We should take pride ______ our great country.A. aboutB. inC. onD. at6. Their religion(宗教) is based on a respect for all _________ things.A. liveB. livingC. livedD. alive7. Nobody knows _______ will happen next.A. whenB. howC. ifD. what8. I could n’t find my dictionary, so I asked Mary ________ use hers.A. toB. if I couldC. can ID. could I9. He wondered ________ she would accept the offer or not.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which10. The village was very small. There were only ________houses.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a littleSection BComplete each sentence with the correct form of the word given. (1’ X 10)1.He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in (dangerous) ____________.2.Many young people are crazy about this handsome (act) _________.3.After her mother left for Beijing, her calls became less (frequently) __________.4.I have complete (confident) _____________ in my best friend.5.The lucky couple had a long and happy (marry) __________.6.Once again we were very (disappoint) _____________ at the outcome of the talks.7.The events were (faith) _________ recorded in her diary.8.By and by, she was getting (impatience) ______________ at having to wait so long.9.The proposed plan will not (satisfaction) ________________ everyone.10.The speech was so (humor) _____________ that the audience kept laughing all through it.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part is to test your reading ability. There are some tasks for you to fulfill. Y ou should read the reading material carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.T ask 1Y our Public Affairs Studies Course requires that you understand a major investigation（调查）on any topic of interest and it also requires that your draw together all the areas of your study. However, you do not need to give equal emphasis to each area. With this in mind, you can now start planning your project for investigation. Y our course of study will bring you in contact with many issues; some of these will be of more interest to you than others. Y our teacher or classmates may be able to make suggestions. Newspapers and magazines that you read carry issues of relevance (关联) to your studies; look at these carefully. Y ou are sure to find sources of ideas from them which you can adapt to form the basis of your report. Career interests are also a source for inspiration（灵感）, as you may have in mind a career which you wish to enter. Whatever you choose, it must be something that you are interested in. It should have some meaning to you, either now or in the future. Interest is of great importance because it helps to keep motivation (动力) or concentration.1. What is the course in the passage about?A. InvestigationsB. Career InterestsC. Public RelationsD. Public Affairs2. The course can help you to _______.A. select your career interestsB. make suggestions to your friendsC. design your investigationD. find solutions to many issues3. To get i nformation related to your study, you’d better pay close attention to _____.A. newspapers and magazinesB. the problems and solutionsC. all the areas of your studyD. the suggestions of the teachers4. The topic of your investigation must be one ______.A. from which you can form your reportB. that you are interested inC. that your teacher approvesD. that you already have in your mind5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. If you like your career, you will be motivated to do it well.B. If you have chosen a good career, you will be interested in it.C. If you like your career, you must do it well.D. If you find it difficult to enter a good career, you must wait.Task 2Doctors estimated that about 40% of women over thirty in Britain are overweight. This figure may well be misleading as certainly large number of overweight people never seek medical advice.Many women are very worried about being overweight. They feel that it shows a lack of will-power or self-control on their part. In addition, fat women do not conform to the modern ideal of beauty exemplified (作为例子) by fashion models and young films stars who are all incredibly （难以置信地）thin.Apart from aesthetic (审美的) reasons, there are strong medical grounds for not overeating. Overweight people are particularly more likely to get heart disease and are easily tired by physical activity. Losing weight would certainly make them feel healthier and increase their life expectancy (期望).Some women feel guilty about being fat and their guilt is repressed by eating more. It is a vicious (邪恶的) circle. On the other hand, there are women who unnecessarily lose weight in order to conform (使符合) to a model of social acceptability. Some of them end up by starving (挨饿) themselves to death! So pe rhaps it might be better to try to remove fat people’s unhappiness than to try to remove the fat.6. The best title for this passage would be _______.A. The percentage of overweightB. Overweight peopleC. Doctor’s estimationD. Losing weight7. Many women are worried about being overweight because _________.A. they would like to be fashion models.B. they would like to be film star.C. they want to follow the modern ideal beauty.D. they lack will-power.8. The author mentioned some medical grounds for not being overweight. Which of the followingis not included?A. Overweight people are easily tired by physical activity.B. Overweight people usually get heart disease.C. Losing weight would help overweight people increase their life expectancy.D. Being overweight doesn’t conform to the modern ideal of beauty.9. Some women lose weight by ________.A. refusing to eatB. overeatingC. getting rid of their happinessD. getting rid of their heart disease10. What is the author’s attitude towards losing weigh t?A. He is for this idea.B. He is against this idea.C. He is neutral.D. His attitude is not mentioned.T ask 3English for Cambridge ExaminationThis course prepares non-native speakers for the internationally recognized First Certificate in English.Syllabus (课程大纲)Speaking skills are taught as part of an integrated approach. Special emphasis is placed on the ability to communicate successfully at all levels. Listening skills are also taught as part of integrated approach. Extensive use is made of our modern language laboratory and video self-access center.Grammar practice is an essential part of the preparation for the examination. Student are introduced to word processing on computers.Integrated into our basic syllabus for speaking, listening and reading are regular classes onBritish life and institutions including the legal system, politics and the press. Literary (文学的) text form a part of all courses.Careers and future studyThe FCE is an intermediate qualification internationally recognized in commerce, industry and higher education.AdmissionApplication --- refer direct to the Language Center, University Brighton, Falmer, Brighton BN 19 PH for details andapplication form.ContactT ask 4A--- End Held CallB--- Read MessageC--- Last One CallD--- Fixed DialingE--- Call V oice-mailF--- Call WaitingG--- V oice DialingH--- Play V oice-notesI--- Call BarringJ--- Key Answer OnlyK--- Edit MessageL--- Call DivertingM--- End Current CallN--- Phone BookO--- Reply to Message16．（）结束当前通话（）只能用按键应答17．（）连接语音信箱（）最后一次通话18．（）固定号码拨号（）播放语音记事19．（）呼入转移（）禁止通话20．（）语音拨号（）编辑短消息T ask 5Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements below it. Y ou should write your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Job-hunting Myths(误区)Don’t defeat yourself by accepting common myths, says the head of an international consulting(咨询)company.Myth 1: If there’s noting available in your field, switch careers.Fact1 : That’s one of the wor st things you can do. Y ou compete against others with experience, and you will not approach your old salary level.Myth 2 : Lower your salary demands. Y ou’ll be more attractive to employers in an uncertain economy.Fact 2 : People who aks for less are vi ewed as “undesirable property”. If you are considered anything less than first-class, you are not likely to be hired.Myth 3 : If you are over 50, it will be very hard to find another job.Fact 3 : Workers over 50 win new jobs almost as quickly as youngste rs do, Today’s employers place a premium(额外补贴) on experience.Myth 4 : Bring up salary as quickly as possible in the first interview.Fact 4 : That’s a fast way to be removed (取消)from consideration. It tells employers you are more concemed with yourself than with the company.Myth 5 : Y ou can only get interviews between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.on weekdays.Fact 5 : Employers are often available before and after regular hours when the office is quieter. If you get an interview then,you’ve got an employer’s concentrated attedtion.21. What is the disadvantage o changing your career?Y ou will not reach22. What will be the result if you are not considered as first-class?Y ou are less possible to23. What actually will experienced older people get?They are likely to get24. What will happen if you ask for a high salary in the first interview?It will make you the job.25. What is a better time for and interview?Not .Part III T ranslationPut the following into English:1. 他似乎以贬低别人为快.(speak poorly of )2. 他知道那项任务很难,但还是接受了. (be conscious of )3. 只要你经常锻炼,你又会变得健康起来.(as long as )4. 我们应该从失败中吸取教训,这是很重要的.(learn a lesson from)Put the following into Chinese1. My father often said that it was only because my grandmother was so economical that thewolves were kept at bay.2. These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with theirmemories.3. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; it isa whole way of living.4. Helen was in her 60s, had red hair, and tons of self-respect---something I was really lacking.Part IV WritingDirections:This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. Write an English schedule for Tom according to the information given below in Chinese. Some parts of it have been done for you. Remember to write it on the Composition/Translation Sheet.汤姆是公司销售部经理,工作繁忙，下面是他某一周的工作安排：周一上午写业务报告，下午和总经理讨论业务报告。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1.非谓语动词的七大考点
使役动词（have,
make, let 等词）后不定 式要省略但同(被动以后要还原to ) I make John answer the question. John is made to answer the question. 介词to和不定式to不要混淆，以下短语中， to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或doing
to后接名词或动名词的词组
agree
to（同意，答应） come to（到达，涉 及到） object to（反对，不赞成）, get to （开始做某事） relate to（与……相关） take to（从事） accustom to（习惯于） devote to（致力于）owe to（归功于）, prefer to（更喜欢） get down to（开始认真 做某事）look forward to（盼望，期待） devote oneself to(献身于) equal to /similar to （相似）, superior to（优于，胜过）, sensitive to（敏感） indifferent to（不关 心）, key to（答案是）, answer to
只能接动名词的动词
admit; appreciate; avoid; consider; defer; delay; deny; detest; dislike; dispute; enjoy; i escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; mention; mind; miss; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; resist on; /persist in; risk; suggest; understand have trouble/difficulty in doing sth. can’t help doing/ give up doing/ be busy doing/ spend…in doing sth.
2011年6月大学英语四级完形填空及答案(校对版)
2011年6月大学英语四级完形填空Part V ClozeWhen it comes to eating smart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift __67__ your mouth. “In the past we used to believe that __68__ amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the __69__ to good health,” Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a __70__ understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to __71__ not only heart disease but disease __72__ general," she adds.Scientists now __73__ on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten __74__ several days or a week __75__ than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that __76__ at each meal.Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds __77__ for good health. “The more we learn, the more __78__ we are by the wealth of essential substances they __79__," Van Horn continues, "and how they __80__ with each other to keep us healthy."You'll automatically be __81__ the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make __82__ three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. __83__ in the remaining one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to __84__ clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a __85__, each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big __86__ on your health in the years to come.67. A) between B) through C) inside D)to68. A) serious B) splendid C) specific D) separate69. A) key B) point C) lead D) center70. A) strict B) different C) typical D) natural71. A) rescue B) prevent C) forbid D) offend72. A) in B) upon C)for D)by73. A) turn B)put C) focus D) carry74. A) over B) along C) with D)beyond75. A) other B) better C) rather D)sooner76. A) conveyed B) consumed C) entered D) exhausted77 A) vital B) initial C) valid D) radical78. A) disturbed B) depressed C) amazed D) amused79. A) retain B) contain C) attain D) maintain80. A) interfere B) interact C) reckon D) rest81. A) at B) of C) on D) within82. A) out B) into C) off D) up83. A) Engage B) Fill C) Insert D) Pack84. A) delete B) hinder C) avoid D) spoil85. A) notion B) hesitation C) reason D) doubt86. A) outcome B) function C) impact D) commitmentAnswers:67. to68. specific69. key70. different71. prevent72. in73. focus74. over75. rather76. consumed77. vital78. amazed79. contain80. interact81. on82. up83. fill84. avoid85. doubt86. impact这是一篇关于科学饮食的科技新闻。
CET4《英语四级》真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)_____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.2011年度6月CET四级真题本试卷来自互联网分享，只供学习参考，严禁用于任何商业用途B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
模拟试题1Part I Listening Comprehension (2 point each, 40 points)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D],and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) Look for a more expensive hotel.B) Go to another hotel by bus.C) Try to find a quiet place.D) Take a walk around the city.2. A) They’re talking about nice children.B) The man has a house for sale.C) The woman lives in a nice house.D) The man has three children.3. A) In a hotel.B) At a dinner table.C) In the street.D) At the man’s house.4. A) Relatives.B) Roommates.C) Colleagues.D) Neighbors.5. A) 5:00.B) 5:15.C) 5:30.D) 5:45.6. A) He wants to have more sleep.B) His wife doesn’t sleep well.C) Women need more sleep than men.D) He doesn’t need as much sleep as his wife.7. A) A student.B) A reporter.C) A visitor.D) A lecturer.8. A) To the school.B) To a friend’s house.C) To the post office.D) Home.9. A) He is afraid he won’t be chosen for the trip.B) The boss has not decided where to go.C) Such a trip is necessary for the company.D) It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.10. A) It was boring.B) It was entertaining.C) It was touching.D) It was encouraging.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) He wanted to find a place to read his papers.B) He wanted to kill time before boarding the plane.C) He felt thirsty and wanted some coffee.D) He went there to meet his friends.12. A) Toys for children.B) Important documents.C) Food and coffee.D) Clothes and scientific papers.13. A) The woman took his case on purpose.B) All his papers had been stolen.C) He had taken the wom an’s case.D) The woman played a joke on him.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) The liberation movement of British women.B) Rapid economic development in Britain.C) Changing attitudes to family life.D) Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.15. A) Because millions of men died in the war.B) Because women had proved their worth.C) Because women were more skillful than men.D) Because factories preferred to employ women.16. A) The concept of “the family” as a social unit.B) The attitudes to birth control.C) The attitudes to religion.D) The ideas of authority and tradition.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Those who are themselves spoiled and self-centered.B) Those who expected to have several children but could only have one.C) Those who like to give expensive jewels to their children.D) Those who give birth to their only children when they are below 30.18. A) Because their parents want them to share the family burden.B) Because their parents are too strict with them in their education.C) Because they have nobody to play with.D) Because their parents want them to grow up as fast as possible.19. A) Two types of only children.B) Parents’ responsibilities.C) The necessity of family planning.D) The relationship between parents and children.20. A) They have no sisters or brothers.B) They are overprotected by their parents.C) Their parents expect too much of them.D) Their parents often punish them for minor faults.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (1 point each, 40 points)21.Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people___.A. doB. hearC. do themD. hearing it22. This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated.A. afterB. ifC. sinceD. unless23. The central provinces have floods in some years, and ___.A. drought in othersB. droughts are othersC. while other droughtsD. others in drought24. Do help yourself to some fruit,___ you?A. can’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. won’t25. There___ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an e nd half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. be26. My mother can’t get ___ because she has rheumatism (风湿病).A. aboutB. onC. throughD. in27. I was very much put ___ by Mark’s rude behavior; it re ally annoy ed me.A. overB. offC. upD. by28. You ___ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.A. needn’t have toldB. needn’t tellC. mustn’t have toldD. mustn’t tell29. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there___ q uite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. w ouldn’t be30. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ___ quality control can be substantially reduced.A. whoseB. asC. whatD. that31. ___ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.A. LookingB. LookedC. Having lookedD. To look32. Many people are ___ to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.A. insensitiveB. allergicC. sensibleD. infected33. When you’re driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right ___.A. wayB. trackC. roadD. lane34. The motorist had to ___to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road.A. swerveB. twistC. departD. swing35. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from ___ on icy roads.A. skatingB. skiddingC. slidingD. slipping36. This project would ___ a huge increase in defense spending.A. resultB. assureC. entailD. accomplish37. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ___ indeed.A. distantB. slimC. unlikelyD. narrow38. We should make a clear ___ between ’competent’ and ’proficient’ for the purposes of our discussion.A. separationB. divisionC. distinctionD. difference39. In the present economic ___ we can make even greater progress than previously.A. airB. moodC. areaD. climate40. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards;___, it shoul d rank high on any list of science fiction.A. consistentlyB. consequentlyC. invariablyD. fortunately41. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seeming ly___ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.A. exploitedB. controversialC. inexhaustibleD. remarkable42. While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time ___ some import ant museums and buildings.A. visitingB. travelingC. watchingD. touring43. Yo u must let me have the annual report without ___ by ten o’cl ock tomorrow morning.A. failureB. hesitationC. troubleD. fail44. As the director can’t come to the reception, I’m representing the c ompanyA. on his accountB. on his behalfC. for his partD. in his interest45. Dreams are___ in themselves, but when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.A. uninformativeB. startlingC.harmlessD. uncontrollable46. The reporters exposed the corruption of several senior officers in the government; consequently, these officers _______ to resign from office.A. have askedB. were askedC. had askedD. had been asked47. The train _______ at th e present speed until it reaches the next city at about seven o’clock this evening.A. will be goingB. wentC. would goD. went48. Such _______ the ease, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.A. wasB. isC. is beingD. being49. I beg _______ your nephew’s wedding.A. to be excusedB. to be excused fromC. to excuse fromD. to be excused to50. The only candidate _______ can hope to defeat him is quit now,A. whoB. whichC. thatD. when51. Humble _______ it may be, there’s no place like home, _______ he may go.A. like, whenB. as, whereverC. although, whereD. which, wherever52. He ought to attend the meeting, _______?A. shou ld heB. ought heC. shouldn’t heD. oughtn’t he53. Mary is 18 years old this year; she _______ 19 next year.A. will beB. is to beC. is going to beD. should be54. Though it was late in the night, _______ he continued to work vigorously.A. butB. yetC. andD. that55. The doctor advised him to stay in bed, saying he was much _______.A. ill enoughB. too illC. so illD. very ill56. I was _______ study French yesterday, but I changed my mind.A. to be startingB. to startC. to have startedD. to have been starting57. You’d rather go to theater with him this evening, _______ ?A. are youB. hadn’t youC. isn’t itD. wouldn’t you58_______ that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.A. It is believedB. BelievingC. Being believedD. To believe59. One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his _______ to any kind of natural environment.A. tendencyB. adoptabilityC. adaptabilityD. availability60. I’m in no _______ now to go to concert with you.A. moodB. intentionC. emotionD. sensePart III Reading Comprehension (2 points each, 50 points)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apartfrom minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.61. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ________.A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB) behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD) make friends with other people62. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ________.A) in order to identify themselves with othersB) in order to better identify othersC) as their mental processes changeD) as the situation changes63. The word “appraisal” (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.A) involvementB) appreciationC) assessmentD) presentation64. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “________”.A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB) identification of other people’s statusesC) selecting one’s own statusesD) constant mental process65. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that ofa Hindu prince” (Line 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means ________.A) different people have different styles of clothesB) ready-made clothes may need alterationsC) statuses come ready made just like clothesD) our choice of statuses is limitedPassage TwoQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there’s big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases theseindividuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, no t the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, “not want to be a writer.”The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer (自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it w as cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual type writer and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.66. The passage is meant to ________.A) warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experienceB) advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writerC) show young people it’s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fameD) encourage young people to pursue a writing career67. What can be concluded from the passage?A) Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.B) A writer’s success depends on luck rather than on effort.C) Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.D) The chances for a writer to become successful are small.68. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?A) He wasn’t able to produce a single book.B) He hadn’t seen a change for the better.C) He wasn’t able to have a rest for a whole years.D) He found his dream would never come true.69. “... People who die wondering, What if?” (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to “those ________”.A) who think too much of the dark side of lifeB) who regret giving up their career halfwayC) who think a lot without making a decisionD) who are full of imagination even upon death70. “Shadowland” in the last sentence refers to ________.A) the wonderland one often dreams aboutB) the bright future that one is looking forward toC) the state of uncer tainty before one’s final goal is reachedD) a world that exists only in one’s imaginationPassage ThreeQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.It is everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyments, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire (能发出的全部声音). This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意识的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.71. By “... challenges explanation” (Line 2, Para. 1) the author means that ________.A) no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenonB) no explanation has been made up to nowC) it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanationD) it’s high time that an explanation was provided72. The third paragraph is mainly about ________.A) the development of babies’ early forms of languageB) the difficulties of babies in learning to speakC) babies’ strong desire to communicateD) babies’ intention to communicate73. The author’s p urpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children ________.A) usually obey without asking questionsB) are passive in the process of learning to speakC) are born cooperativeD) learn to speak by listening74. From the passage we learn that ________.A) early starters can learn to speak within only six monthsB) children show a strong desire to communicate by making noisesC) imitation plays an important role in learning to speakD) children have various difficulties in learning to speak75. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) How Babies Learn to SpeakB) Early Forms of LanguageC) A Huge Task for ChildrenD) Noise Making and Language LearningPassage FourQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.76. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ________.A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB) the amount of monetary rewards for stud ent’ creativityC) the study of relationship between actions and their consequencesD) the effects of external rewards on students’ performance77. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?A) They have no doubts about them.B) They have doubts about them.C) They approve of them.D) They avoid talking about them.78. Which of the following can best raise students’ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?A) Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.B) Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.C) Giving them rewards they really deserve.D) Giving them rewards they anticipate.79. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their gradingstandards because they believe ________.A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of studentsB) punishment is more effective than rewardingC) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsD) discouraging the students’ anticipati on for easy rewards is a matter of urgency80. The phrase “token economies” (Line 1, Para. 5) probably refers to ________.A) ways to develop economyB) systems of rewarding studentsC) approaches to solving problemsD) methods of improving performancePassage FiveGlobal reserves of fresh water add up to more than 37 million cubic kilometers, enough to fill the Mediterranean 10 times over. More than three-fourths of this water is bound up in glaciers and polar ice,however, where it is largely beyond the reach of present technology. Almost all the rest consists of water in underground aquifers, which are not yet exploited intensively. The main sources of supply -- the waters of lakes and rivers and the water vapor in the atmosphere -- make up less than 1 percent of the total.The ultimate source of fresh water is the continuous distillation of the oceans by solar radiation. The annual evaporation of water ( including transpiration by plants) is roughly 500,000cubic kilometers, of which 430,000 comes from the oceans and the remaining 70,000 from waters on the continents. Because the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is essentially constant the same amount of water must fall back to the surface as rain and snow. It is of vital importance to terrestrial life that a disproportionate share of this precipitation falls on land. Whereas the continents lose 70,000 cubic kilometers of water to evaporation, they receive 110,000 from precipitation, so that the net effect of the hydrologic cycle is to transfer some 40,000 cubic kilometers of fresh water each year from the oceans to the continents.Although the net continental influx is 40,000 cubic kilometers per year, not all of it is available for man's use. Much is lost through floods or is held in the soil or in swamps. The maximum that might reasonably be applied to human purposes is about 14,000 cubic kilometers per year, which is the base flow, or stable runoff excluding flood waters, of all the world's rivers and streams and of those isolated underground aquifers that discharge directly through evaporation. Of this volume about 5,000 cubic kilometers flow in regions that are uninhabited and are likely to remain so because they are climatically unsuited to human settlement. Hence the effective world water resource, from which all needs will have to be met for some years to come, is about 9,000 cubic kilometers per year.81. Of all the reserves of fresh water in the world, about three-fourths is ______.A)consumed by glaciers and polar iceB)in solid formC)out of the reach of present technologyD)converted into sea water annually82. Fresh water, as the passage states, originates from ______.A)the water vapor in the atmosphereB)lakes and riversC)sea water through distillation by solar radiationD)both A and B83. Based on context clues, we can know that "precipitation" means ______.A)the evaporation of water from the landB)the water reserves on landC)the unevenly-distributed rain and snow fallsD)water falling in the form of rain and snow84. Every year the continents get back ______.A)the same amount of water as is lost to evaporationB)less water than that which is lost to evaporationC)more water than that which is lost to evaporationD)different amounts of water based on weather conditions85. The end of the passage implies that the water finally available for mankind to utilize each year ______.A)is enough to meet all human needsB)is a little more than enough for all human needsC)is not adequate for all human needsD)is adequate now but will not be enough for some years to comePart IV Translation (4 points each, 40 points)Direction:Translate the following sentences 86-90 from English to Chinese and sentences 91-95 from Chinese to English.1. Some people say that in the next 30 years the population of Antarctica will grow steadily, so will the population of India.2. Someday, perhaps, scientists will be able to exactly predict the occurrence of earthquake.3. All night long he lay awake, worrying about his financial problem.4. It is widely accepted that the whole structure of our society depends on mutual trust.5. By six thirty every morning, the playground has been full of students doing morning exercises.6.看来人们喜欢我的演讲——至少他们听完了我的演讲并在我讲话结束时鼓掌。
2011年专业英语四级考试真题及答案
2011年专业英语四级考试真题及答案2011年专业英语四级考试真题及答案TIME LIMIT: 135 MINPART Ⅰ DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. Which of the statements about the auto show is INCORRECT?A. The show will have more stands this year.B. The show will have more visitors this year.C. The number of overseas visitors will be the same this year.D. The number of exhibition days will be the same this year.2. According to the conversation, the price for a stand would include _____.A. a catalogueB. a posterC. two desksD. four chairs3. During the conversation, the man seems to be more interested in _____.A. the size of the showB. the cost of the standC. the basic furnitureD. the visitor numberQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is Jim interested in?A. Investing in the company's product.B. Buying a new educational computer.C. Joining the computer company.D. Reading the campaign plan.5. The advertisements will be placed in all the following EXCEPT _____.A. family magazinesB. Sunday newspapersC. morning televisionD. teenage magazines6. The advertisements are intended to be seen by _____.A. parents onlyB. children onlyC. school teachersD. whole families7. Linda sounds _____ about the success of the campaign plan.A. confidentB. hesitantC. uncertainD. delighted Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. John has worked in all the following places EXCEPT _____.A. a book shopB. a paper factoryC. a schoolD. a fast-food restaurant9. From the conversation, we learn that John _____.A. has no interestB. has only one interestC. has two interestsD. has quite a few interests10. Sue Green seems to be more interested in John's experience of ____.A. working in a paper factoryB. working in a youth clubC. looking after his brother and sisterD. looking after his young friendsSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to thepassages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. According to the passage, the average age of the fleet of Delta/Northwest is _____.A. 10 yearsB. 14 yearsC. 16 yearsD. 20 years.12. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. air journeys are quite often far from comfortableB. air travellers usually enjoy luxury during flightC. air travellers usually enjoy upgraded conditionsD. airlines always provide good in-flight entertainment13. Older planes can stay safe for more than 25 years because of the following EXCEPT _____.A. new enginesB. strong materialsC. proper maintenanceD. new interior Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14. Which job will involve supervising workers using dangerous equipment?A. Assistant site manager.B. Carpenter supervisor.C. Assembly supervisor.D. Automobile service station manager.15. Who will also decide on the prices of products and services?A. Airlines' flight service manager.B. Automobile service station manager.C. Assistant site manager.D. Carpenter supervisor.16. Who may also do some of the work he supervises?A. Assistant site manager.B. Airlines' flight service manager.C. Assembly supervisor.D. Carpenter supervisor.17. Which job offers the highest salary?A. Assistant site manager.B. Automobile service station manager.C. Carpenter supervisor.D. Airlines' flight service manager. Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. Where were the two men filmed?A. In the jewelry shop.B. In the City Mall.C. Near the lorry.D. In the parking lot.19. Witnesses saw the two men _____.A. leave the lorry together.B. leave the lorry without hoods.C. run back to the lorry separately.D. run back to the lorry without hoods.20. Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. The lorry was originally painted white.B. The lorry had no registration plates.C. The shorter man was the passenger.D. The taller man was the driver. SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. What did NASA's Constellation Programme originally plan to do?A. To set up a moon colony by 2020.B. To send astronauts again to the moon by 2020.C. To continue the current shuttle missions till 2020.D. To create more jobs for NASA till 2020.22. NASA's Constellation Programme would be cancelled mainly because _____.A. there were more important space missions.B. the space agency lacked funding for the programme.C. the current shuttle missions would continue.D. Congress failed to pass President Obama's budget.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. The Russian cargo ship was sinking. What was the direct cause?A. No explanation of the problem.B. Long distance away from land.C. Slow rescue efforts.D. Severe weather.24. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a possible means of rescue?A. Aircraft.B. Tugboat.C. Nearby cargo ship.D. Vessels at the oil rig.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. Why did the singers meet in Hollywood?A. To raise money for African humanitarian efforts.B. To raise money for Haitian earthquake victims.C. To sing in memory of Michael Jackson.D. To make a recording of the original version of the song.26. Which of the following details about the news is INCORRECT?A. The organizer is one of the co-writers of the first songB. Singers will use the same recording studio as in 1985.C. The recording session is expected to last long.D. Stars from the original version will take part.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.27. The additional 2 billion dollars will mainly be used to _____.A. upgrade its network capacityB. improve customer servicesC. develop new productsD. market more iPhones28. Where does AT&T face difficulties in particular?A. Nationwide.B. Overseas.C. In large cities.D. In remote towns.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. Where is the presence of security patrols most evident?A. Where matches take place.B. Where protests may take place.C. In downtown Vancouver.D. Around the athletes' village.30. What is this news item mainly about?A. Political protests during the Olympics.B. Security operations during the Olympics.C. Olympics' security forces.D. Security measures in buildings. PART III CLOZE （20个空）[15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two."Congratulations, Mr. Cooper. It's a girl."Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and (31) _____ a different response from every man who hears these words.Some feel (32) _____ when they receive the news, (33) _____ others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. (34) _____ there are some men who like children and may have had (35) experience with them, others do not particularly (36) _____ children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. (37) _____ other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have (38) _____ willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the (39) _____ to the birth of a child, it is obvious the shift from the role of husband to (40) _____ of a father is a difficult task. (41) _____, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to (42) _____ fathers in this resocialization (43) _____. Although numerous books have been written about mothers, (44) _____ recently has literature focused on the (45) _____ of a father.It is argued that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not (46) _____ as great as the transition the wife must(47) _____ to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to requirea complete (48) _____ in daily routine. (49) _____, the father's role is less demanding and (50) _____.31. A. bring down B. bring forth C. bring off D. bring in32. A. emotional B. sentimental C. bewildered D. proud33. A. while B. when C. if D. as34. A. When B. If C. Although D. Yet35. A. considerate B. considerable C. considering D. considered36. A. care about B. care of C. care with D. care for37. A. For B. Of C. From D. Upon38. A. received B. taken C. accepted D. obtained39. A. reply B. reaction C. readiness D. reality40. A. what B. this C. one D. that41 .A. As a result B. For example C. Yet D. Also42. A. educate B. cultivate C. inform D. convert43. A. step B. process C. point D. time44. A./ B. just C. quite D. only45. A. role B. work C. career D. position46. A. a little B. just C. nearly D. almost47. A. take B. make C. carry D. accept48. A. transformation B. realization C. socialization D. reception49. A. In addition B. Above all C. Generally D. However50. A. current B. immediate C. present D. quickPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY （30道选择题）[15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man _____ he was fifteen years ago.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?A. Beg your pardon.B. Have a good time.C. Never do that again!D. What noise you are making!53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.B. For all its effort, the team didn't win the match.C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.54. When you have finished with the book, don't forget to return it to Tim, _____?A. do youB. will youC. don't youD. won't you55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the -ING participle is used _____.A. as a commandB. as a conditionC. for concessionD. for emphasis56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.57. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. asB. norC. butD. like58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?A. What do you think has happened to her?B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?C. How much do you think he earns every month?D. How quickly would you say he would come?59. The additional work will take _____ weeks.A. the otherB. another twoC. other twoD. the more60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.61. It's getting late. I'd rather you _____ now.A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave62. In the sentence "The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning", the italicized word is used to modify _____.A. the objectB. the verbC. the subjectD. the prepositional phrase63. There is no doubt _____ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. when64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is _____.A. I'll get some drinks. What'll you have?B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name?D. Can you return the book next week?65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)?A. Mr. Smith's passport has been issued.B. The visitor's arrival was reported in the news.C. John's travel details have not been finalized.D. The new bookstore sells children's stories.66. Our office has recently _____ to a new computer system.A. alteredB. convertedC. transformedD. modified67. The crowd went _____ as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.A. wildB. emotionalC. uncontrolledD. unrestricted68. Our school library is _____ closed for repairs.A. ShortlyB. quicklyC. temporarilyD. rapidly69. John is up to his eves in work at the moment. The underlined part means _____.A. very excitedB. very busyC. very tiredD. very efficient70. Victoria bumped into her brother quite by chance in the supermarket. The underlined word means _____.A. riskB. opportunityC. possibilityD. luck71. "Look at those pretty girls' skirts" is _____, because it is not clear whether the girls or the skirts are "pretty".A. ambiguousB. hiddenC. indirectD. indistinct72. House repairs, holidays, school fees and other _____ have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.A. amountB. paymentC. expensesD. figures73. It was really _____ of you to remember my birthday.A. gratefulB. thoughtfulC. considerableD. generous74. You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday _____.A. introductionB. advertisementC. bookD. brochure75. The city government is building more roads to _____.A. accommodateB. receiveC. acceptD. hold76. They've lifted a two-year-long economic _____ on the country.A. enclosureB. restrictionC. blockadeD. prohibition77. Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boy friend. The underlined part means _____.A. leftB. quarreledC. attackedD. defeated78. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very _____ one.A. elaborateB. refinedC. ambitiousD. complex79. The girl's voice was so low that we could ______ hear her.A. seldomB. almostC. onlyD. barely80. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewdPART V READING COMPREHENSION (20道选择题) [25 MIN] In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AWe have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it – Facebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.There's been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before – there are more and more readers, and more and more books.The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-bookreaders as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long "digests" of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span - that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is outto destroy traditional culture.81. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?A. Paragraph One.B. Paragraph Two.C. Paragraph Three.D. Paragraph Four.82. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT _____.A. multimodal contentB. environmental friendlinessC. convenience for readersD. imaginative design83. Which of the following can best describe how the author feels towardsingle-sentence-long novels?A. IronicB. Worried.C. Sarcastic.D. Doubtful.84. According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technology and _____ to survive in the fast-changing society.A. good judgmentB. high sensitivityC. good imaginationD. the ability to focus85. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.B. Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience.C. Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.D. Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.TEXT BI know when the snow melts and the first robins (知更鸟) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen.Spring cleaning.I'll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. T oday's busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order."Honey, what say we spend the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow?" I say."Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over?" my husband answers.But I tell my family, spring cleaning can't wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend. Newly wakened from our winter's hibernation (冬眠), yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding "Awake and be clean!"Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring's first light,which has to do with melatonin, the sleepytime hormone (激素) our bodies produce when it's dark. When spring's light comes, the melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house we've been hibernating in for four months.I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring's arrival. I speak to them about life's greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum from the bathtub, which hasn't been properly cleaned since the first snowfall."I'll do it," says the eldest child, a 21-year-old college student who lives at home. "You will? Wow!" I exclaim.Maybe after all these years, he's finally grasped the concept. Maybe he's expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role model. Or maybe he's going to Floridafor a break in a couple of weeks and he's being nice to me who is the financial-aid officer.No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who, instead of working, is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning."Awake and be clean!" I say.86. According to the passage, "...spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp" means that spring cleaning _____.A. is no longer an easy practice to understand.B. is no longer part of modern family life.C. requires more family members to be involved.D. calls for more complicated skills and knowledge.87. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included infamily spring cleaning?A. Beating the rugs.B. Cleaning the window.C. Restoring Wi-Fi services.D. Cleaning the backyard.88. Why does the author say “spring cleaning can't wait”?A. Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer.B. Because the air is fresher and the breeze is lighter.C. Because the whole family is full of energy at spring time.D. Because the snow is melting and the ground is thawing.89. Which of the following interpretations of the biologists' theory about melatonin is INCORRECT?A. The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times.B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies.C. The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies.D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.90. Which of the following can best sum up the author's overall reaction to her adult son's positive response to spring cleaning?A. Surprised and skeptical.B. Elated and hesitant.C. Relieved and optimistic.D. Optimistic and hesitant.TEXT CThese days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, "meet and look." Many of them do so willingly. In today's prosperous and increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekkon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldn't reject the partner chosen by his parents and their middleman. After World War II, many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western ren'ai kekkon, or love marriage, became popular; Japanese began picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.But the Western way was often found wanting in an important respect: it didn't necessarily produce a partner of the right economic, social, and educational qualifications. "Today's young people are quite calculating," says Chieko Akiyama,a social commentator.What seems to be happening now is a repetition of a familiar process in the country's history, the "Japanization" of an adopted foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject the match. "Omiai is evolving into a sort of stylized introduction," Mrs. Akiyama says.Many young Japanese now date in their early twenties, but with no thought of marriage. When they reach the age - in the middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men - they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as 40 % of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. It's hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighbourhood and went around trying to pair them off byspeaking to their parents;a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today find it's less awkward to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.Japan has about five hundred computer matching services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays $80 to $125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and $200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughters, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents.)91. According to the passage, today's young Japanese prefer _____.A. a traditional arranged marriage.B. a new type of arranged marriage.C. a Western love marriage.D. a more Westernized love marriage.92. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. A Western love marriage tends to miss some Japanese values.B. Less attention is paid to the partner's qualification in arranged marriages.C. Young Japanese would often calculate their partner's wealth.D. A new arranged marriage is a repetition of the older type.93. According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragraph Five) is uncertain because _____.A. there has been a big increase in the number of arranged。
2011年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析
2011年英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析PART III CLOZE [15 MIN] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.“Congratulations, Mr. Cooper. It’s a girl.”Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and (31) a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel (32) when they receive the news, (33)others worry, wondering whether they will be good father. (34) there are some men who like children and may have had (35) experience with them, others do not particularly (36) children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. (37) other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have (38) willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the (39) to the birth of a child, it is obvious the shift from the role of husband to (40) of a father is a difficult task. (41) , unfortunately, few attempts have been made to (42) fathers in this resocialization (43) . Although numerous books have been written about mothers, (44) recently has literature focused on the (45) of a father.It is argued that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not (46) as great as the transition the wife must (47) to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete (48) in daily routine. (49) , the father’s role is less demanding and (50) .31. A. bring down B. bring forth C. bring off D. bring in32. A. emotional B. sentimental C. bewildered D. proud33. A. while B. when C. if D. as34. A. When B. If C. Although D. Yet35. A. considerate B. considerable C. considering D. considered36. A. care about B. care of C. care with D. care for37. A. For B. Of C. From D. Upon38. A. received B. taken C. accepted D. obtained39. A. reply B. reaction C. readiness D. reality40. A. what B. this C. one D. that41. A. As a result B. For example C. Yet D. Also42. A. educate B. cultivate C. inform D. convert43. A. step B. process C. point D. time44. A. / B. just C. quite D. only45. A. role B. work C. career D. position46. A. a little B. just C. nearly D. almost47. A. take B. make C. carry D. accept48. A. transformation B. realization C. socialization D. reception49. A. In addition B. Above all C. Generally D. However50. A. current B. immediate C. present D. quick2011年英语专四真题参考答案：完形填空部分31-35 BDACB36-40 DACBD41-45 CABDA46-50 CBADB解析：32.⏹和感情有关的形容词⏹Emotional 情绪化的She’s more emotional than ever during her pregnancy.⏹Sensational 轰动的、耸人听闻的、极好的⏹Her performance last night was ~.⏹Sensitive 敏感的、体察入微的⏹He’s always ~ to other people’s needs.⏹Sentimental 多愁善感的、伤感的⏹I’m trying not to be ~ about the past.36.⏹Care about 关心/担忧=worry about⏹Chain smokers don’t ~ the danger of smoking.⏹Care for 喜欢（口语）⏹Would you like a cup of tea?（正式、英伦范儿）⏹Do you care for some tea?（口语、美范儿）⏹值得注意的是11年专四增加了对口语习惯表达的考察，语法词汇中第52、62亦为此类38. 接受⏹Accept表主观上接受,receive表客观上收到。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1. 双眼去动眼神经的兔，左眼滴毛果芸香碱，右眼滴毒扁豆碱，你认为哪只眼的瞳孔会缩小？请说明理由。
（基本机制：毒扁豆碱：吸收作用：机制与新斯的明相似；与新斯的明不同处：P.O、注射易吸收（叔铵），易透过BBB(中枢作用)，易透过角膜；局部用于眼：用途与毛果芸香碱相同与毛果芸香碱不同处：机制不同，作用快、强、久，刺激性强）下面具体回答给问题：左眼会缩小，右眼不会。
毛果芸香碱是胆碱受体激动药，直接作用拟胆碱药，激动胆碱受体，毒扁豆碱是抗胆碱酯酶药: 间接作用拟胆碱药，抑制胆碱酯酶活性。
当动眼神经切除后，不再释放乙酰胆碱，毒扁豆碱的间接作用无效；而毛果芸香碱仍可直接激动眼球，使之缩瞳。
2. 阿托品解救有机磷酸酯类中毒的机制是什么？最先解除哪些症状？阿托品是M胆碱受体阻断药，迅速对抗M样作用，维持轻度阿托品化：颜面潮红、瞳孔稍大、心率稍快，消除全部M样症状。
3.为什么肾上腺素是抢救过敏性休克的首选药？因为肾上腺素：①收缩血管，血压上升。
②兴奋心脏，扩张冠脉，改善心功能。
③扩张支气管，收缩支气管黏膜血管，增加通气量④减少组胺等过敏介质释放4.多巴胺的药理作用有哪些？主要临床用途有哪些？药理作用：可激动外周多巴胺受体（D1受体）、β1、α受体1. 心脏：心力↑,加快心率不明显，不易心律失常。
(β1)2. 血管：小剂量：肾血管、肠系膜及冠状血管扩张（D1）大剂量：皮肤粘膜血管收缩（α1）注意：剂量较大通过激动α受体引起血管收缩作用超过血管舒张作用。
3. 血压：小剂量：收缩压上升；舒张压变化不大；大剂量：血压↑4. 肾脏：低浓度：激动肾血管D1受体，使血管扩张；排钠利尿。
高浓度：兴奋α受体，收缩肾血管。
临床用途：（1）抗休克：心源性休克、感染中毒性休克、出血性休克；以尿少、心收缩力↓，补足血容量者最好（2）急性肾功能衰竭：与利尿剂合用疗效较好5.硝酸甘油治疗心绞痛的作用是通过释放什么物质实现的?硝酸甘油释放内源性血管内皮舒张因子：NO供体药物，可抑制收缩蛋白，使血管舒张。
2011年6月大学英语四级听力原文汇总
S e c tio n A11.M: Sh a wn ' s be e n tryin g for mon th s to find a job. Bu t I won d e r ho w he co u ld ge t a job whe n h e loo k s like tha t.W: Oh , th a t p o o r g u y ! He re a lly s h o u ld s h a v e h ims elf e v e ry o th e r d a y a t le a s t a n d p u t o n s o me th in g cle a n.Q: Wha t do we lea r n ab o u t Sh a wn ?12.W: I wish Ja n e wou ld ca ll whe n sh e k n o ws h e' ll be late. Th is is no t the first tim e we' v e had to wait fo r he r.M: I ag re e. Bu t sh e do e s ha v e to driv e thro u g h ve ry he a v y traffic to ge t he re.Q: Wha t do e s the man imply ?13.M: C o n g ra tu la tio n s! I h e a rd y o u r b a s e b a ll te a m is g o in g to th e Mid d l e Atla n tic C h a mp io n sh ip.W: Yea h , we' re all wo rk in g rea l ha rd righ t no w!Q: Wha t isth e woma n ' s tea m do in g ?14.W: Jo h n ' s be e n loo k in g af te r his moth e r in the ho sp ita l. Sh e was in ju re d in ac a r ac c id e n t two wee k s ag o an d stil l in critic a l co n d itio n.W :Oh , tha t' s terrib le. And yo u kn o w his fath e r pa s s e d awa y las t ye a r.Q: Wha t do we lea rn ab o u t Joh n ?15.M: Wha t a bo rin g spe a k e r! I ca n ha rd ly sta y awa k e.W: Wel l, I do n ' t kn o w. In fa c t, I thin k it's be e n a lon g time sin c e I'v e he a rd an y on e is go o d.Q: Wha t do we lea rn fro m th e co n v e rs a tio n ?16.W: I'm ha v in g a lot of troub le with log ic an d it se e ms my pro fe s s o r ca n' t ex p la in it in a way th a t mak e s se n s e to me.M: Yo u k n o w, th e re is a t u to rin g s e rv ic e o n c a mp u s. I wa s a b o u t to d ro p s ta tis tic s b e fo re th e y he lp e d me ou t.Q: Wha t do e s the man mea n ?17.M: Th is is a sty l is h ov e rc o a t. I saw yo u wea rin g it l a s t wee k , did ' t I ?W: Oh, tha t was n ' t me. Th a t was my siste r Jo e. Sh e 's in yo u r cla s s.Q: Wha t do e s the woma n me a n ?18.M: Ja n e , sup p o s e yo u lost all yo u r mon e y while tak in g a va c a tio n ov e rs ea s , wha t wou ld yo u d o ?W: We ll, I g u e s s I' d s e ll my wa tc h o r c o mp u te r o r d o s o me o d d jo b s ti ll I c o u ld a ffo rd a re tu rn pla n e tick e t.Q: Wha t are the spe a k e rs ta lk in g ab o u t?C o n v e rs a tio n OneM: Hello , Pro fe ss o r Joh n s o n.W: Hel lo , Ton y, so wha t sh a ll we work on to d a y ?M: Well, the pro b le m is tha t this writin g as s ig n me n t isn’t co min g ou t righ t. Wha t I tho u g h t I was writin g on was to tal k ab o u t wha t a pa rtic u la r sp o rt mea n s to me whe n I pa rtic ip a te in. W: Wha t sp o rt did yo u ch o o s e ?M: I de c id e d to write ab o u t cro s s -c o u n try sk iin g.W: Wha t are yo u go in g tos a y ab o u t sk iin g ?M: T h a t’s th e p ro b le m. I th o u g h t I wo u ld wr ite a b o u t h o w p e a c e fu l it is to b e o u t in th e c o u n try.W: So why is tha t a pro b l e m?M: I’d lik e to start de sc rib in g ho w qu ite it is to be out in the woo d s. I ke e p men tio n in g ho w mu c h e ffo rt it ta k e s to k ee p g o in g. C ro s s -c o u n try sk iin g is n ’t a s s imp le a s s o me p e o p le th in k. It tak e s a lot of en e rg y, bu t tha t ’s no t he a rt of my pa p e r, so I gu e s s I sh o u ld lea v e ito u t. Bu t no w I do n ’t kn o w ho w to ex p la i n tha t fee li n g of pe a c e fu ln e s s with o u t ex p la in in g h o w h a rd y o u h a v e to w o rk fo r i t. It a ll fi ts to g e th e r. It ’s n o t l ik e ju s t s ittin g d o wn s o me wh e re an d watc h in g the clo u d s roll by. Th a t’s dif fe re n t.W: Th e n yo u ha v e to inc lud e tha t in yo u r po in t. The pe a c e fu ln e s s of cro s s -co un try sk iin g is th e kin d yo u ea rn by effo rt. Why lea v e tha t ou t? Pa rt of the po in t yo u kn e w be fo re h a n d , bu t p a rt yo u dis c o v e re d as you wrote. Th a t’s co mmo n , rig h t?M: Yea h , I gu e s s so.Q19. Wha t is the top ic of th e man ’s writin g assig n m e n t?Q20. Wha t pro b le m do e s th e man ha v e while work in g on his pa p e r?Q21. Wha t do e s the woma n say is co mmo n in writin g pa p e rs ?C o n v e rs a tio n TwoW: Goo d ev e n in g an d welc o me to this we e k ' s Bu s in es s World.It pro g ra m for an d ab o u t bu sin e s s pe o p le. Ton ig h t we ha v e Mr. Ang e le n o who c a me to the US s ix y e a rs a g o , a n d is n o w a n e s ta b lish e d b us in e s s ma n with th re e re s ta u ra n ts in to wn.Te ll us Mr. Ang e le n o , ho w did yo u ge t starte d ?M: Wel l I sta r te d off with a sma ll din e r. I did al l the co o k in g mys e lf an d my wife waite d on ta b le s. It wa s re a lly to o mu c h wo rk fo r two p e o p l e. My c o o k in g is g re a t. A n d wo rd g o t a ro u n d town ab o u t the foo d. Within a ye a r, I ha d to hire an o th e r co o k an d fou r wait re s s e s. Wh e n th a tre sta u ra n t b e c a me v e ry b u s y, I d e c id e d t o e x p a n d my b u s in e s s. No w w ith th re e p la c e s my main co n c e rn is ke e p in g the bu s in e s s suc ce ss fu l an d run n in g smo o th ly.W: Do yo u ad v e rtise ?M: Oh y e s. I d o n ' t h a v e a n y T V c o mme rc ia ls, b e c a u s e th e y a re to o e x p e n s iv e. B u t I a d v e rtis e a lo t o n ra d io a n d in lo c a l n e wsp a p e rs. My ch ild re n u s e d to d is tr ib u te a d s. in n e a rb y sho p p in g cen tre s , bu t we do n ' t ne e d to do tha t an y mo re.W: Why do yo u be lie v e you ' v e be en so suc c e ss fu l?M: Em, I alwa y s serv e the fresh e s t po ss ib le foo d an d I mak e the atmo s p h e re as comfo rta b le a n d as ple a s a n t as I ca n , so tha t my cu sto me rs will wa n t to co me ba c k.W: So yo u alwa y s aim to p le a se the cu s to me rs?M: Abs o lu te ly !Wi th o u t the m I wou ld ha v e no bu s in e s s at all.W: Th a n k yo u Mr.Ang e le n o.I thin k yo u r ad v ic e will be he lp fu ll to tho s e jus t st a rin g ou t in b u s in e ss.Qu e s tio n s 23 to 25 are ba se d on the co n v e rsa tio n you ha v e jus t he a rd.22 Wha t is the woma n ’s oc c u p a tio n23 wha t do we lea rn ab o u t Mr.Ang e le n o ’s bu sin e ss at its be g in n in g24 wha t do e s Mr.Ang e le n o sa y ab o u t ad v e rtis in g his b u s in e s s e.25 Wha t do e s the man sa y co n trib u te to his su c c e s s?S e c tio n BP a s s a g e OneT h e re are man y co mmo n ly he ld be lie fs ab o u t ey e gl a s s e s an d ey e s ig h t th a t ar e no t pro v e n fa c ts. F o r in sta n c e , so me p e o p le b e lie v e th a t we a rin g g la s s e s to o s o o n we ak en s th e e y e s. B u t the re is no ev id e n c e to sho w tha t the stru c tu re of ey e s is ch a n g e d by wea rin g gla s s e s at a yo u n g ag e. Wearin g the wron g gla ss e s, ho we v e r, ca n pro v e ha rmfu l. Stud ie s sh o w tha t for a d u lts th e re is n o d a n g e r, b u t c h ild re n c a n d e ve lo p lo s s o f v is io n if th e y h a v e g la s s e s in a p p ro p ria te for the ir ey e s.We h a v e a ll h e a rd so me o f th e c o mmo n my th s a b o u t h o w e y e s ig h t g e ts b a d. Mo s t p e o p le b e lie v e th a t re a d in g in d i m lig h t c a u se s p o o r e y e s ig h t, b u t th a t is u n tru e. To o litt le li g h t ma k e s the ey e s work ha rde r, so the y do ge t tired an d stra in e d. Ey e s tra in als o res u lts from re a d in g a lo t, re a d in g in b e d , a n d wa tc h in g to o mu c h te le v is io n. Ho we v e r, a lth o u g h e y e s tra in ma y c a u s e s o me p a in o r h e a d a c h e s, it d o e s n o t p e rma n e n tly d a ma g e e y e s ig h t. An o th e r my th a b o u t e y e s is th a t th e y c a n b e re p la c e d , o r tra n s fe rre d fro m o n e p e rs o n to a n o th e r. T h e re a re c lo s e to o n e millio n n e rv e fib e rs th a t c o n n e c t th e e y e b a ll t o th e b ra in , a s of ye t it is impo ssib le t o atta c h the m all in a ne w pe rs o n. Only ce rta in pa rt s of the ey e c a n b e re p la ce d. B u t if we k e e p c le a rin g u p th e myth s a n d le a rn in g mo re ab ou t th e e y e s , s o me da y a full tran s p la n t may be po ss ib le.26. Wha t do e s the spe a k e r wan t tote ll us ab o u t ey e s ig h t?27. Wha t do stu d ie s ab o u t wea rin g the wron g gla s s e s sh o w?28. Wha t do we lea rn ab o u t ey e tran s p la n tin g from the talk ?P a s s a g e TwoWh e n p e o p le c a re fo r a n e ld e rly re la tiv e , th e y o f te n d o n o t u s e a v a ila b le c o mmu n ity s e rv ic e s suc h as ad u lt da y c a re ce n te rs. If th e ca re g i v e rs are ad u lt ch i ld re n , the y are more lik e ly to u s e s u c h se r v ic e s, e s p e c ia lly b e c a u s e th e y o fte n h a v e jo b s a n d o th e r re s p o n sib ilitie s. In c o n tra s t, a s p o u s e u s u a lly th e wife , is mu c h le s s lik e ly to u s e s u p p o rts e rv ic e s or to pu t the de p e n d e n t pe rso n in a nu rs in g ho me. So c i a l work e rs dis c o v e r tha t the wife no rma lly tries to tak e ca re of he r hu sb a n d hers e lf for as lon g as sh e can in ord e r no t to u s e up the ir life sav in g s. Re s e a rc h e rs ha v e foun d that ca rin g for the eld e rly can be a ve ry p o s itiv e e x p e rie n c e. T he e ld e rly a p p re c i a te d th e ca re a n d a tte n tio n th e y rece iv e d. T h e y we re affe c tio n a te an d co ope ra tiv e. Howe v e r, ev e n whe n ca re giv in g is sa tis fy in g , it is ha rd wo rk. S o c ia l wo rk e rs a n d e x p e rts o n a g in g o ffe r c a re g iv e rs a n d p o te n tia l c a reg iv e rs h e lp wh e n a rra n g in g fo r th e c a re o f a n e ld e rly re la tiv e. On e c o n s id e ra tio n is to a s k pa re n ts wh a t th e y wa n t b e fo re th e y b e c o me sic k o r d e p e n d e n t. P e rh a p s th e y p re fe r g o in g in to a n u rs in g ho me an d ca n selec t on e in ad v a n c e. On the oth e r ha n d , the y may wan t to live with th e ir a d u lt c h ild re n. C a re g iv e rs mu s t a lso le a rn to sta te th e ir n e e d s a n d o p in io n s c le a rly a n d as k for he lp from oth ers es p e c ia lly bro th e rs an d sis te rs. Bro th e rs an d sis te rs are ofte n willin g to he lp , bu t the y ma y no t kn o w wha t to do29. Why a re a d u lt c h il d re n mo re lik e ly to u se c o mmu n ity s e rv ic e s to he lp c a re fo r e ld e rly pa re n ts ?30. Why are most wiv e s un willin g to pu t the ir de p e n d e n t hu s b a nd s into nu rs in g ho me s ? 31. Acc o rd in g to the pa ss a g e , wha t must ca re g iv e rs lea rn to do ?P a s s a g e Th reeS in c e a u n io n re p re s e n tativ e v is ite d o u r c o mp a n y to in fo rm u s a b o u t o u r rig h ts a n d p ro te c tio n s. My c o wo rk e r s h a v e b e e n wo rry in g a b o u t h e a lth c o n d itio n s a n d c o mp la in in g a b o u t s a fe ty h a z a rd s in th e wo rk p la c e. S e v e ra l o f th e e mp lo y e e s in th e c o mp u te r d e p a rtme n t, for ex a mp le , cla i m to be de v e lo p in g vis io n pro b le ms from ha v in g to sta re at a v id eo d is p la y te rmin a l fo r a b o u t 7h o u rs a d a y. T h e s u p e rv is o r o f th e la b o ra to ry is b e g in n in g to g e t h e a d a c he s a n d d iz z y s p e lls b e c a use s h e s a y s it’s d a n g e ro u s to b re a th e s o me of the ch e mic a l smok e the re. An X-ra y s tec h n ic ia n is refu s in g to do he r jo b un til th e firm a g re e s to re p la c e its o u t -d a te d e q u ip me n t. S h e in s is ts th a t i t’s e x p o s in g wo rk e rs to u n n e c e s s a rily h ig h do s e s o f ra d ia tio n. S h e th in ks th a t s h e ma y h a v e to c o n ta c t th e Oc c u p a tio n a l S a f e ty a nd He a lth Ad min is tra tio n a n d a s k e d th a t go v e rn me n t a g e n c y to in s p e c t th e d e p a rtme n t. I’ v e h e a rd th a t a t a fa c to ry in th e a re a two p re g n a n t wo me n wh o we re work in g with pa in t req u e s te d a tran sfe r to a saf e r de p a rtme n t, be c a u s e the y wan te d to p re v e n t da m a g e to the ir unb o rn ba b ie s. Th e su p e rv iso r of pe rs o n n e l refu s e d the req u e s t. In a n o th e r firm th e wo rk e rs we re c o n s ta n tly c o mp la in in g a b o u t th e ma lfu n c tio n in g h e a tin g s y s te m, bu t the own e rs was too bu s y or too mea n to do an y th in g ab o u t it. Fin a lly, the y al l me t an ag re e to wea r sk i -c lo th in g to work the ne x t day. Th e own e r was too emb a rra s s e d to ta lk to his emp lo y e e s. Bu t he ha d the he a tin g sys te m rep la c e d righ t awa y.32 Wha t do e s the talk foc u s on ?33 Wha t did the X-ra y tec h n ic ia n ask he r co mp a n y to do ?34 What does the speaker say about the two pregnant women working with paint?35 Why did the workers in the firm wear ski-clothing to work? Section C Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on t h e m o v e . I t a l s o s l o w s d o w n m o r e a s y o u m o v e f a s t e r, w h i c h m e a n s a s t r o n a u t s s o m e d a y may survive so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the distant future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still, if you could move faster than light, your time would move backward. Although no form of matter yet discovered, moves as fast as or faster than light, scientific e x p e r i m e n t s h a s a l r e a d y c o n f i r m e d t h a t a c c e l e r a t e d m o t i o n c a u s e s a t r a v e l er ’s t i m e t o b e stretched. Albert Einstein predicted this in 1905, when he introduced the concept of r e l a t i v e t i m e a s p a r t o f h i s S p e c i a l T h e o r y o f R e l a t i v i t y. A s e a r c h i s n o w u n d e r w a y t o confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter that move at a speed greater than light. And therefore, might serve as our passports to the past. An obsession with time--saving, gaming, wasting, losing and mastering it-- seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein used a definition of time for experimental p u r p o s e s , a s t h a t w h i c h i s m e a s u r e d b y a c l o c k . T h u s t i m e a n d t i m e ’s r e l a t i v i t y a r e measurable by any hour glass, alarm clock, or atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.。
2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题
2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题College English Achievement Testfor College English (New Edition)《大学英语》（全新版）四级学业测试Band 4(2006. 05)Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press上海外语教育出版社Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition. Your composition may consist of two or three paragraphs and include the following main ideas given in Chinese.06年6月的大学英语四级测试中将会增加快速阅读，有些人认为这样做，对于测试考生的真实水平并无太大意义，也有些人认为此举将极大改变学生的学习方法及提高学生的综合能力，请就此改革发表你自己的看法。
Is It Necessary to T est Fast Reading in Band-4 Examination?________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.In many ways, today?s business environment has changed qualitatively since the late 1980s. The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the world?s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation(解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. We have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both Wall Street and Main Street (平民百姓)feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away.At the same time, we have fully entered the Information Age.Starting breakthroughs in information technology have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it?s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With stunning speed, the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.As a consequence, we have truly entered the Post-Industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, places an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller?s market.Beyond the realm of information technology, the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a Pervasive(广泛的)demand for continuous innovation. New product, process, and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies—innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.Another major trend has been the fragmentation of consumer and business markets. There?s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster, and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensivein the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business?s ability to serv e sub-markets fuels customers? appetites for more and more specialized offerings.1. In the past decades, the changes in the business environment can be attributed to globalization.2. The pains of economic disorder can be felt only by financial experts.3. Today, people attach more importance to “knowledge workers” than in the past.4. Destructive technologies can get rid of a total business segment.5. The fragmentation of consumer and business markets cannot serve consumers? needs well.6. As a result of the fragmentation of markets, the consumers will become more and moredemanding.7. There are more risks than benefits about global economy.1.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕2.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕3. 〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕4.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕5.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕6. 〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕7.〔Y〕〔N〕〔NG〕8. Information technology has removed the restrictions .9. Destructive technologies are technologies which can .10. New product,process and distribution technologies provide powerful levers forcreating .Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer.11. A) They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.B) They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.D) They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.12. A) Move the washing machine to the basement.B) Turn the basement into a workshop.C) Repair the washing machine.D) Finish his assignment.13. A) It?s quiet in the restaurant.B) The price is high in the restaurant.C) The restaurant serves good food.D) The restaurant is too far from their school.14. A) See a doctor. B) Stay in bed for a few days.C) Get treatment in a better hospital. D) Make a phone call to the doctor.15. A) Alice didn?t seem to be nervous during her speech.B) Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C) The man can hardly understand Alice?s presentation.D) The man didn?t think highly of Alice?s presentation.16. A) The man is late for the trip because he is busy.B) The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.C) The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D) The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.17. A) Quit delivering flowers.B) Work at a restaurant.C) Bring her flowers every day.D) Leave his job to work for her.18. A) She has learned a lot from the novel.B) She also found the plot difficult to follow.C) She usually has difficulty remembering names.D) She can recall the names of most characters in the novel.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Two different games. B) A meeting.C) Two different communication styles. D) Bowling.20. A) Great Britain. B) China.C) The United States. D) Japan.21. A) During the meeting, some foreign teachers threw balls at the professor.B) The professor left halfway during the meeting.C) The Japanese were rude to foreigners.D) Both the man and the woman were good bowling players.22. A) A match. B) Tennis. C) V olleyball. D) Bowling.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Stingy. B) Heartless. C) Considerate. D) Careless.24. A) Do the laundry by herself.B) Take care of the old washwoman.C) Do nothing at all.D) Take the old lady to the hospital.25. A) The mother cares more about a bundle of clothes thana human being.B) Something terrible has happened to the old lady.C) The son apparently misunderstands his mother.D) The mother is selfish.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).26. A) It takes skill. B) It pays well.C) It?s a full-time job. D) It?s admired worldwide.27. A) A mother with a baby in her arms.B) A woman whose bag is hanging in front.C) A lone female with a handbag at her right side.D) An old lady carrying a handbag on the left.28. A) The back pocket of his tight trousers.B) The top pocket of jacket.C) A side pocket of his jacket.D) A side pocket of his trousers.29. A) Theater lobbies with uniformed security guards.B) Clothing stores where people are relaxed and off guard.C) Airports where people carry a lot of luggage.D) Hotels and restaurants in southeast London.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) He ran a village shop. B) He worked on a farm.C) He worked in an advertising agency. D) He was a gardener.31. A) It was stressful. B) It was colorful.C) It was peaceful. D) It was boring.32. A) His desire to start his own business. B) The crisis in his family life.C) The decline in his health. D) His dream of living in the countryside.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Because there are no signs to direct them.B) Because no tour guides are available.C) Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D) Because the university is everywhere in the city.34. A) They set their own exams. B) They select their own students.C) They award their own degrees. D) They organize their own laboratory work.35. A) Most of them have a long history.B) Many of them are specialized libraries.C) They have more books than any other university library.D) They each have a copy of book published in Britain.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exactwords you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill inthe missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or writedown the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the thirdtime, you should check what you have written.There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment—most of these are made in Japan but there are also good quality (36)________from Germany and the USA. We have (37) a range of different models to see which the best (38) is for money. After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are (39) with the different cameras being assessed, our researchers (40) the Olympic BY model as the best auto-focus camera available at the moment. It costs $200 although you may well want to spend more—(41) as much as another $200—on buying (42) lenses and other equipment. It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use.(43) , whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive. The Olympic BY model weighs only 320 grams which is quite a bit.(44)____________________________. Indeed one of the other models we looked at weighed almost twice as much. (45) . All the people we interviewed expressed almost total satisfaction with it.(46) .Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passageSports are one of the world?s largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only—not by (47) background or family connections, sports can be a fast (48) to wealth, and many athletes play more for money than for love. This has not always been true. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath olive leaves(橄榄叶花环).Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained (49) for centuries. Athletes won fame but no money. As time passed however, the (50) become increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to (51) them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were ruined, and they were soon ended.In 1896,the Olympic games were revived (使再度兴起) with the same goal of pure amateur (52) . The rules bar athletes who have ever received a $50 prize or an athletic scholar or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games meets these (53) . He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race. After race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wanted. A true amateur, Loues accepted only a cart and a horse. Then he gave up running forever. But Loues was an exception and now, as the Chairman of the German Olympic Committee said,“Nobody pays any attention to these rules.”Man y countries pay their athletes to train (54) , and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to companies that make everything from ski equipment to fast food.Even the games themselves have become a huge business. Countries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor, but formoney. The 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars, but by selling medal, (55) , TV rights, food, drink, hotel rooms, and souvenirs (纪念品), they managed to make a profit. Appropriately the symbol of victory in the Olympic Games is no longer a simple olive (56) —it is a gold medal.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they?ll say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a “new world” in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigr ants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrain ed, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man?s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into thewestern territories.Our national mythology (神化)is full of illustration the American success story. There?s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American?s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, le arning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it?s as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and thehave-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd.U nder pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the “right” neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. Th ese symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.57. What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?A) People who are honest and working hard can succeed.B) People are free from exploitation and oppression.C) People can fully enjoy individual freedom.D) People are free to develop their power of imagination.58. By saying “the rewards of a man?s indus try follow with equal steps the progress ofhis labor” (Para. 1), the author means ______________.A) a company?s success depends on its employees? hard workB) a man?s business should be developed step by stepC) laborious work ensures the growth of an industryD) the more diligent one is, the bigger his returns59. The characters described in Horatio Alger?s novels are people who _______________.A) became famous despite their modest originsB) became wealthy after starting life very poorC) succeed in real estate investmentD) earned enormous fortunes by chances60. It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that _________________.A) Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of lifeB) good personal relationships lead to business successC) business success often contributes to a successful marriageD) successful business people provide good care for their children61. What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?A) Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person?s wealth.B) The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.C) The American road to success is full of nightmares.D) What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn?t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe?s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc(扰乱)on Europeans? private lives.Europe?s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe?s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today?s tech-savvy (精通技术的) workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage—twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women,make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alonewas conceived to be negative—dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The boom ing economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn?t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn?t got time to get lonely because he has too much w ork. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charm ing,” thinks this fierce new individualism me ans that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don?t last long—if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she?d never have wanted to do what her mother did—give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I?ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”62. More and more young Europeans remain single because ___________________.A) they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB) they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC) they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD) they are pessimistic about their economic future63. What is said about European society in the passage?A) It has fostered the trend towards small families.B) It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.C) It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D) It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.64. According to Paragraph 3, the newest groups of singles are ___________________.A) warm and lighthearted B) on either side of marriageC) negative and gloomy D) healthy and wealthy65. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that __________________.A) some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB) the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC) some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD) most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable66. What is the author?s purpose in writing the passage?A) To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B) To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C) To examine the trend of young people living alone.D) To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Part VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 87. For my own part, I should certainly hesitate to hire a clerk on his face / appearancealone_________________________________________________ (外表往往是靠不住的).88. Many women today feel the same stress to produce and get ahead and, at the same time,_________________________________________ (又要养育子女，承担起) a variety of domestic responsibilities.89. Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has caused_____________________________________________________ (广泛的破坏和重大的人员伤亡).90. _____________________________________________(虽然我们没有见到任何壮观的景物), weenjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.91. The stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, ______________________________________________________________________ (而是我们试图往时间里塞入过量的事情) .Key to Achievement TestPart I WritingIs It Necessary to T est Fast Reading in Band-4 Examination?In 2006, a fast reading test will be included in the CET-4 test. Many people welcome this as they think the candidates will greatly benefit form the reform. First, the test will make many students get rid of their bad reading habits and cultivate good ones. Second, many studies show that the ability to read fast proves necessary and important in our future work, esp. when we communicate with westerners. Third, fast reading will encourage the students to enlarge their vocabulary, esp. vocabularyessential to work and life.At the same time, many people are opposed to the reform. Their reasons are as follows: First, they fear that they won?t adapt to the new test and will get low scores. Second, they do not see the importance of reading fast and therefore believe that it is no use adding this section.I believe the reform is a good thing and certainly has lots of advantages. I will do a lot ofexercises to improve my reading speed and enlarge my vocabulary so that in my future work, I will communicate smoothly with foreign clients.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. Y2. N3.Y4. Y5. N6.Y7. NG8. of time and space in business transactions.9. eliminate a whole business segment.10. competitive value.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. C 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. A16. C 17. D 18.B 19. C 20. D21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B 25.CSection B26. A 27. C 28.A 29.B 30. C31. A 32.B 33. D 34.B 35. D36. passion 37. investigated 38. value 39. familiar40. recommend 41. perhaps 42. additional43. Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use.44. less than other cameras of a similar type.45. Similarly, it is smaller than most of its competitors, thus fitting easily into a pocket or ahandbag.46. The only problem was the slight awkwardness in loading the film.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. I 48. M 49. H 50.G 51. F52. K 53. L 54. D 55. A 56. CSection B57. C 58.D 59.B 60. A 61. D62. A 63. B 64. D 65. A 66. DPart V Cloze67. D 68. C 69.A 70. B 71. D72. A 73. A 74. D 75. C 76. D77. B 78. C 79. A 80. D 81. A82. C 83. B 84. A 85. B 86. CPart VI Translation87. Appearances are all too often deceptive.88. to nurture their offspring and shoulder89. widespread devastation /damage and heavy casualties90. Though we did not see anything spectacular91. but from the surfeit of things we trying to cram into itTapescript of Listening ComprehensionDirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question willbe spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D) and decide which the best answer is.11. M: What do you think of the prospects for online education? Is it going to replace the traditionalschool?W: I doubt it. Schools are here to stay, because there are much more than just book learning. Even though more and more kids are going online. I believe fewer of them will quit school altogether.Q: What does the woman think of the conventional schools?12. M: Allen is in the basement trying to repair the washing machine.W: Shouldn?t he be working on his term paper?Q: What does the woman think Allen should do?13. M: The food in this restaurant is horrible. If only we?d gone to the school dining hall.W: But the food is n?t everything. Isn?t it nice just to get away from all the noise?Q: What can we learn from the conversation?14. W: Carol told us on the phone not to worry about her. Her left leg doesn?t hurt as much as it didyesterday.M: She?d better have it exami ned by a doctor anyway. And I。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box. When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed. In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57. What does the author say about the black box? A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane. B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book. C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible. D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane. 58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner? A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash. B) The total number of passengers on board. C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage. D) Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash. 59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? A) New materials became available by that time. B) Too much space was needed for its installation. C) The early models often got damaged in the crash. D) The early models didn't provide the needed data. 60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow? A) To distinguish them from the colour of the plane. B) To caution people to handle them with care. C) To make them easily identifiable. D) To conform to international standards. 61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447? A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered. B) There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. C) They have stopped sending homing signals. D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
CET4《英语四级》真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to aroommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
1. The millions of calculations involved, ___if_they had been done by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC.having been doneD. they were done这是一句虚拟语气的句子，条件句使用了省略if的倒装句形式，动作与过去事实相反2.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment__(when) they are happening__.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happenedmoment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句3.You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. leftknow better than to do sth.是一个常见的表示责备的句型，意为“应该知道不该做某事”。
4.As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as well既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。
【难点】might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
命题人：大学英语教研室试卷类别：_B 卷大学英语课程试卷2005至2006学年第二学期专业：非英语专业年级：05级姓名：_____ 学号：______成绩:_____ 考试形式：闭卷时间：100分钟Part I Vocabulary and StructureSection AChoose the correct item to complete each sentence. (0.5’ X 10)1. It is important to give children _________ to think for themselves.A. locationB. placeC. roomD. position2. He always ___________ the latest fashions.A. commentedB. appearedC. followedD. attempted3. The twins were dressed ________ in blue jeans so I couldn’t tell which was which.A. likeB. likelyC. alikeD. liking4. It’s wrong to leave a hotel without _______ all your bills.A. givingB. payingC. charging C. taking5. We should take pride ______ our great country.A. aboutB. inC. onD. at6. Their religion(宗教) is based on a respect for all _________ things.A. liveB. livingC. livedD. alive7. Nobody knows _______ will happen next.A. whenB. howC. ifD. what8. I could n’t find my dictionary, so I asked Mary ________ use hers.A. toB. if I couldC. can ID. could I9. He wondered ________ she would accept the offer or not.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which10. The village was very small. There were only ________ houses.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a littleSection BComplete each sentence with the correct form of the word given. (1’ X 10)1.He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in (dangerous) ____________.2.Many young people are crazy about this handsome (act) _________.3.After her mother left for Beijing, her calls became less (frequently) __________.4.I have complete (confident) _____________ in my best friend.5.The lucky couple had a long and happy (marry) __________.6.Once again we were very (disappoint) _____________ at the outcome of the talks.7.The events were (faith) _________ recorded in her diary.8.By and by, she was getting (impatience) ______________ at having to wait so long.9.The proposed plan will not (satisfaction) ________________ everyone.10.The speech was so (humor) _____________ that the audience kept laughing all through it.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part is to test your reading ability. There are some tasks for you to fulfill. Y ou should read the reading material carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.T ask 1Y our Public Affairs Studies Course requires that you understand a major investigation（调查）on any topic of interest and it also requires that your draw together all the areas of your study. However, you do not need to give equal emphasis to each area. With this in mind, you can now start planning your project for investigation. Y our course of study will bring you in contact with many issues; some of these will be of more interest to you than others. Y our teacher or classmates may be able to make suggestions. Newspapers and magazines that you read carry issues of relevance (关联) to your studies; look at these carefully. Y ou are sure to find sources of ideas from them which you can adapt to form the basis of your report. Career interests are also a source for inspiration（灵感）, as you may have in mind a career which you wish to enter. Whatever you choose, it must be something that you are interested in. It should have some meaning to you, either now or in the future. Interest is of great importance because it helps to keep motivation (动力) or concentration.1. What is the course in the passage about?A. InvestigationsB. Career InterestsC. Public RelationsD. Public Affairs2. The course can help you to _______.A. select your career interestsB. make suggestions to your friendsC. design your investigationD. find solutions to many issues3. To get information related to your study, you’d better pay close attention to _____.A. newspapers and magazinesB. the problems and solutionsC. all the areas of your studyD. the suggestions of the teachers4. The topic of your investigation must be one ______.A. from which you can form your reportB. that you are interested inC. that your teacher approvesD. that you already have in your mind5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. If you like your career, you will be motivated to do it well.B. If you have chosen a good career, you will be interested in it.C. If you like your career, you must do it well.D. If you find it difficult to enter a good career, you must wait.Task 2Doctors estimated that about 40% of women over thirty in Britain are overweight. This figure may well be misleading as certainly large number of overweight people never seek medical advice.Many women are very worried about being overweight. They feel that it shows a lack of will-power or self-control on their part. In addition, fat women do not conform to the modern idealof beauty exemplified (作为例子) by fashion models and young films stars who are all incredibly （难以置信地）thin.Apart from aesthetic (审美的) reasons, there are strong medical grounds for not overeating. Overweight people are particularly more likely to get heart disease and are easily tired by physical activity. Losing weight would certainly make them feel healthier and increase their life expectancy (期望).Some women feel guilty about being fat and their guilt is repressed by eating more. It is a vicious (邪恶的) circle. On the other hand, there are women who unnecessarily lose weight in order to conform (使符合) to a model of social acceptability. Some of them end up by starving (挨饿) themselves to death! So perhaps it might be better to try to remove fat people’s unhappiness than to try to remove the fat.6. The best title for this passage would be _______.A. The percentage of overweightB. Overweight peopleC. Doctor’s estimationD. Losing weight7. Many women are worried about being overweight because _________.A. they would like to be fashion models.B. they would like to be film star.C. they want to follow the modern ideal beauty.D. they lack will-power.8. The author mentioned some medical grounds for not being overweight. Which of the followingis not included?A. Overweight people are easily tired by physical activity.B. Overweight people usually get heart disease.C. Losing weight would help overweight people increase their life expectancy.D. Being overweight doesn’t conform to the modern ideal of beauty.9. Some women lose weight by ________.A. refusing to eatB. overeatingC. getting rid of their happinessD. getting rid of their heart disease10. What is the author’s attitude towards losing weight?A. He is for this idea.B. He is against this idea.C. He is neutral.D. His attitude is not mentioned.T ask 3English for Cambridge ExaminationThis course prepares non-native speakers for the internationally recognized First Certificate in English.Syllabus (课程大纲)Speaking skills are taught as part of an integrated approach. Special emphasis is placed on the ability to communicate successfully at all levels. Listening skills are also taught as part of integrated approach. Extensive use is made of our modern language laboratory and video self-access center.Grammar practice is an essential part of the preparation for the examination. Student are introduced to word processing on computers.Integrated into our basic syllabus for speaking, listening and reading are regular classes onBritish life and institutions including the legal system, politics and the press. Literary (文学的) text form a part of all courses.Careers and future studyThe FCE is an intermediate qualification internationally recognized in commerce, industry and higher education.AdmissionApplication --- refer direct to the Language Center, University Brighton, Falmer, Brighton BN 19 PH for details and application form.ContactT ask 4A--- End Held CallB--- Read MessageC--- Last One CallD--- Fixed DialingE--- Call V oice-mailF--- Call WaitingG--- V oice DialingH--- Play V oice-notesI--- Call BarringJ--- Key Answer OnlyK--- Edit MessageL--- Call DivertingM--- End Current CallN--- Phone BookO--- Reply to Message16．（）结束当前通话（）只能用按键应答17．（）连接语音信箱（）最后一次通话18．（）固定号码拨号（）播放语音记事19．（）呼入转移（）禁止通话20．（）语音拨号（）编辑短消息T ask 5Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements below it. Y ou should write your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Job-hunting Myths(误区)Don’t defeat yourself by accepting common myths, says the head of an international consulting(咨询)company.Myth 1: If there’s noting available in your field, switch careers.Fact1 : That’s one of the worst things you can do. Y ou compete against others with experience, and you will not approach your old salary level.Myth 2 : Lower your salary demands. Y ou’ll be more attractive to employers in an uncertain economy.Fact 2 : People who aks for less are viewed as “undesirable property”. If you are considered anything less than first-class, you are not likely to be hired.Myth 3 : If you are over 50, it will be very hard to find another job.Fact 3 : Workers over 50 win new jobs almost as quickly as youngsters do, Today’s employers place a premium(额外补贴) on experience.Myth 4 : Bring up salary as quickly as possible in the first interview.Fact 4 : That’s a fast way to be removed (取消)from consideration. It tells employers you are more concemed with yourself than with the company.Myth 5 : Y ou can only get interviews between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.on weekdays.Fact 5 : Employers are often available before and after regular hours when the office is quieter. If you get an interview then, you’ve got an employer’s concentrated attedtion.21. What is the disadvantage o changing your career?Y ou will not reach22. What will be the result if you are not considered as first-class?Y ou are less possible to23. What actually will experienced older people get?They are likely to get24. What will happen if you ask for a high salary in the first interview?It will make you the job.25. What is a better time for and interview?Not .Part III T ranslationPut the following into English:1. 他似乎以贬低别人为快.(speak poorly of )2. 他知道那项任务很难,但还是接受了. (be conscious of )3. 只要你经常锻炼,你又会变得健康起来.(as long as )4. 我们应该从失败中吸取教训,这是很重要的.(learn a lesson from)Put the following into Chinese1. My father often said that it was only because my grandmother was so economical that thewolves were kept at bay.2. These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with theirmemories.3. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; it isa whole way of living.4. Helen was in her 60s, had red hair, and tons of self-respect---something I was really lacking.Part IV WritingDirections:This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. Write an English schedule for Tom according to the information given below in Chinese. Some parts of it have been done for you. Remember to write it on the Composition/Translation Sheet.汤姆是公司销售部经理,工作繁忙，下面是他某一周的工作安排：周一上午写业务报告，下午和总经理讨论业务报告。
2011年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 听力原文：British Holidaying Habits In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable/ for the average family in the UK, /and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays. / After all, the British weather wasn’t very good, even in summer,/ so a lot of people left the country for a vacation. / In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average. / As a result, they started to go abroad in groups,/ to places such as Spain and Greece. / Once they arrived at their destination/, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party. / British holidaying habits have begun to change, However. / Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate,/ so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. /Also, going abroad is more expensive. / As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK. / 1．正确答案：British Holidaying Habits In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable/ for the average family in the UK, /and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays. / After all, the British weather wasn’t very good, even in summer,/ so a lot of people left the country for a vacation. / In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average. / As a result, they started to go abroad in groups,/ to places such as Spain and Greece. / Once they arrived at their destination/, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party. / British holidaying habits have begun to change, However. / Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate,/ so people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. /Also, going abroad is more expensive. / As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK. / 解析：本文主题：英国人的度假习惯在这几十年里的改变及其原因。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
Section B:Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. C) Bury the dead near a church.B) Burn the body. D) Buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land.B) To see whether they have decayed.C) To follow the Greek religious practice.D) To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.28. A) They should be buried lying down.B) They should be buried standing up.C) They should be buried after being washed.D) They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A) Burning dead bodies to ashes.B) Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C) Placing dead bodies in a bone room.D) Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B) Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C) The United Stated is a country of immigrants.D) Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A) They can make friends with people from other countries.B) They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C) They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D) They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A) The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.B) The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C) The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests.D) A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He took them to watch a basketball game.B) He trained them to play European football.C) He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket.D) He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A) The players found the basket too high to reach.B) The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C) The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.D) The players soon found the game boring.35. A) By removing the bottom of the basket.B) By lowering the position of the basket.C) By simplifying the complex rules.D) By altering the size of the basket.Section BPassage 1【原文再现】In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace forever when they die（26）.Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process（26）. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent the grave for three years and even after it has been dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after three years（27）. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Athens’ city council wants to introduce cremation, that is burning dead bodies as a means of dealing with the problems（29）. But the Greek church resists this practice, they believe the only place where people burn is hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down（28）. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.【文章概要】文章主要讲述了在希腊，因为土地资源极为有限，除了有钱人，绝大多数死者在埋葬三年后被挖起来重新处理，但还不能保证能妥善处理。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
生物工程系 食检1 秦婷
自我认知
橱窗分析法 公开的我：
有责任心 乐于助人 做事循规蹈矩 乐于结交朋友
隐藏的我：
做事缺乏恒心，耐心 不敢大胆表现自己，表达自己 的想法 语言组织能力差
潜在的我:
渴望获得成功 不怕吃苦 有上进心
背脊的我
性格不坚强 做事优柔寡断 遇到突发事件不能足够镇定
环境分析
就业前景及必备素质
• 据中国卫生部的统计数据，目前中国的营养师只有近4000名。除了一些较大的医院 外，其他如厂矿ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้工食堂，以及学校、机关的饭店，根本就没有营养师。 中国营养学会2002年作了一项调查，结果显示，在全国受访的403所医院中，只有47% 的医院设有营养科，一半以上的医院没有营养科建制，营养师的配备更无从谈起。 “中国的确非常缺乏营养师。”中国卫生部副部长王陇德说。 王陇德介绍，随着中国人生活水平的普遍提高，人们的饮食结构也在发生变化，从 传统的以植物性食物为主的饮食结构转变为以肉类食物为主的饮食结构。随着这种饮食 结构的变化，中国居民出现了营养过剩的现象，各种慢性疾病也随之而来，肥胖、脂肪 肝、糖尿病等发病率不断上升。这使得合理膳食、均衡营养的饮食方式开始成为新的时 尚。中国人对营养师的需求也在大量上升。 “未来几年，营养师将成为中国急需的紧缺人才。”中国营养学会理事长葛可佑说。 葛可佑介绍，如果按照发达国家营养师占全国人口的比例计算，即每300人有一名营养师， 中国缺少近400万名营养师。一名合格的营养师是医师、营养师、厨师的“三位一体”， 应该具备医学、营养学、食品卫生学、食品安全学、营养烹饪学知识，还要能融会贯通， 针对不同人群搭配不同营养食谱，熟悉食品卫生法律法规等。 著名营养专家逸飞表示，公共营养师是白领职业，从业人员多为高知技能型人才。 公共营养师服务需要具备综合能力，不但要学习中医营养学、现代营养学、烹饪营养学 等综合学科，还要加强营销、演讲技巧、咨询沟通等能力的培养。公共营养师需要不断 的学习，拓宽知识面，扩充知识量，用知识促进服务能力和服务品质。根据社会的需求 和公共营养师服务品质的不断提高，公共营养师的薪资水平预计每年将以20%以上比例 递增。
2011年6月英语四级(CET4)真题
With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."
Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.
"As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."
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Unit One1. Those who believed their religious leader’s prophecy that the end of the world would come soon went into a panic.A. announcementB. forecastC. predictionD. declaration2. It became obvious when the boy floundered through the recitation in class today that he had not taken the trouble to do his homework.A. meditatedB. falteredC. contemplatedD. staggered3. The teacher told the students that they should avoid using clichés in their composition.A. popular proverbsB. well-known storiesC. famous quotationsD. trite expressions4. After listening to the same old moral lesson all these years, the villagers became almost immune to it.A. insensitive toB. fed up withC. familiar withD. accustomed to5. I can't claim credit for her English proficiency; after all, she only came to my class this semester.A. ask for moneyB. expect paymentC. say that I deserve praiseD. declare that I am grateful6. Believe it or not, this popular novel now you see on every shelf was censored only a few years ago.A. officially examined and bannedB. despised by the general publicC. sold out soon after its publicationD. condemned by the critics7. The party leader regards the result of the election as a personal triumph.A. victoryB. celebrationC. satisfactionD. propaganda8. The immigration officer scrutinized his passport before he was allowed to leave.A. stampedB. examinedC. returnedD. issued9. He suffered a long period of depression before his first suicide attempt.A. InoculationB. hypertensionC. ailmentsD. dejection10. He was never able to enjoy the metropolitan delights of cinemas and theatres.A. artisticB. modernC. urbanD. VariousUnit Two1. After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.A. gotB. undertookC. organizedD. held2. Those students who have access to his esoteric discussions were impressed by the scope of his thinking.A. known by fewB. known to allC. very livelyD. quite popular3. The music of the radio distracted me from my reading.A. engrossedB. confusedC. refrainD. diverted4. Abraham Lincoln was quintessential American patriot.A. greatB. famousC. typicalD. revered5. Every now and then, the speaker interjected some witty remark.A. rejectedB. criticizedC. insertedD. jeered6. Why do you get angry over such trivial matters?A. of great worthB. of great benefitC. of little worthD. of little help7. The youngest boy was laughed at for his naive remarks.A. innocentB. wittyC. amusingD. foolish8. The lady rumpled her skirt by sitting on the seat while flying.A. disorderedB. disarrangedC. creasedD. crashed9. Thousands of people are needlessly slaughtered in road accidents in his country each year.A. woundedB. killedC. injuredD. crushed10. I bought this cloth cheap because there is a small defect in it.A. spotB. dotC. flawD. pointUnit Three1. High rate of unemployment and violence are deplored by many people.A. condemnedB. convincedC. declaredD. perpetuated2. They are planning to embark on a new business undertaking.A. go forB. go withC. go intoD. go on3. In the Middle Ages, many people in Europe suffered persecution for their religious beliefs.A. treatmentB. punishmentC. disillusionD. execution4. We couldn’t induce the old lady to travel by air.A. driveB. convinceC. forceD. suggest5. He went into a coma because of serious loss of blood.A. bad coughB. whitenessC. tremblingD. state of profound insensibility6. The ethics of his decision are doubtful.A. raceB. aestheticsC. moralsD. cause7. The patients tax the doctor's patience by asking him so many silly questions.A. pestB. are a strain onC. injureD. destroy8. They broke up the alliance.A. brought to an endB. dispersedC. stopped to enter intoD. changed for the worse9. The boys were summoned in turn to see the examiner.A. separatelyB. occasionallyC. allD. in succession10.They traveled all over the country, regardless of expense.A. unkind toB. paying no attention toC. forgettingD. concerned withUnit Four1. She was in anguish until she knew that her husband's life was saved.A. great sufferingB. great regretC. great despairD. great disappointment2. I have nothing but disdain for such a person.A. respectB. hatredC. dislikeD.contempt3. The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers.A. scatteredB. spreadC. diversifiedD. set here and there4. I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas.A. releaseB. spreadC. promoteD. generate5. There was a meager attendance at the council meeting.A. smallB. enoughC. ampleD. haughty6. The end of 1921 found the capitalist offensive against the workers in full swing.A. negotiationB. punishmentC. struggleD. attack7. We can't rule out the possibility that he will come after all.A. excludeB. refuseC. acceptD. take8. John was confined to bed for a week with his cold.A. allowed inB. kept inC. tied toD. shut on9. We three were the sole survivors in the traffic accident.A. luckyB. fortunateC. blessedD. only10. I slept through her dull speech.A. dozingB. boringC. fascinatingD. imaginativeUnit Five1. His beautiful writing is akin to drawing.A. asB. fromC. aboveD. like2. His knowledge on the subject seems to be on a par with my own.A. different fromB. the same asC. related toD. in accordance with3. Tom and Mary were married a week after they met and soon found themselves at odds about religion.A. in disagreementB. on strikeC. in questionD. on purpose4. The inventor was vilified in yesterday's newspaper.A. abusedB. slanderedC. praisedD. criticized5. The Mississippi flood of 1973 was a major catastrophe in which a great many lives were lost.A. casualtyB. disasterC. changeD. threat6. She almost yielded to an unexpected impulse to dance in the street.A. urgent desireB. sudden wishC. good ideaD. fancy thought7. Mr. Green posed as a rich man though he owed more than he owned.A. workedB. lookedC. clothedD. Behaved8. They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge.A. punishmentB. IllnessC. troubleD. ailment9. Some people have a bias against foreigners.A. prejudiceB. dislikeC. hatredD. favour10. Your stay abroad will give you ample opportunities to learn a new language.A. goodB. suitableC. properD. enoughUnit Six1. The patient clenched the arms of the dentist's chair.A. graspedB. touchedC. placed onD. pressed2. The retiring professor was exalted by his colleague.A. criticizedB. honoredC. driven outD. examined3. All the tourists were impressed by the amazing grandeur of Niagara Falls.A. powerB. splendorC. speedD. height4. We stared in awe at the president himself.A. respectB. concernC. satisfactionD. envy5. The term “paper” is a little misleading when you consider the strength and endurance of the construction material.A. lasting qualityB. uniqueC. elementD. current status6. When the moon wanes, it changes from the full to the new phase.A. becomes smallerB. transformsC. eclipsesD. vanishes7. Edward Ⅷrelinquished his throne to marry Mrs. Simpson.A. took overB. yieldedC. disregardedD. vanished8. The teacher had unusual insight into children’s emotions and knew clearly how to treat them.A. perceptionB. ignoranceC. creationD. comprehension9. Have you seen the new edifice of Elm Street?A. department storeB. buildingC. schoolD. theatre10. Property on which money has been lent is redeemed when the loan is paid back.A. recoveredB. repurchasedC. rescuedD. dischargedUnit Seven1. Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such profusion.A. large supplyB. great diversityC. large varietyD. great number2. He exudes confidence whenever he speaks before the public.A. regainsB. is full ofC. seeks resort toD. pretends to have3. In a reversal of his previous decision, he had to stop all activities and gave it careful consideration.A. throwing awayB. denialC. rejectionD. complete change4. In his new uniform he looked handsome and dignified.A. appropriate for the occasionB. younger than his ageC. nobleD. resplendent5. His vulgar manners shocked everyone at the party.A. rudeB. strangeC. unexpectedD. proud6. Tom has got a streamlined racing car. It’s a beauty.A. lavishly decoratedB. smoothly shapedC. produced from an assembly lineD. high-speed7. The despot’s reign over the country lasted many years.A. atrocityB. ruleC. exploitationD. dominance8. Her jewels were inexpensive but not meretricious.A. attractive on the surface onlyB. poor in craftsmanshipC. monotonous in colorD. old-fashioned in design9. The palace still retains the elegance of the old days.A. collection of valuablesB. extravaganceC. grace and beautyD. fascination10. The academic atmosphere in the campus is conducive to cultivating a subtle discrimination.A. act of treating different groups of people in different waysB. state of being treated differently from other peopleC. act of making or perceiving distinctionD. ability to make or perceive distinctionUnit Eight1. His most important innovation was the introduction of the seminary method of instruction for advanced students.A. changeB. beginningC. themeD. discourse2. The young man acted foolishly in spite of all his father's exhortation.A. remarkB. curseC. praiseD. advice3. Though years have passed, the abandoned child still lives in melancholy.A. surpriseB. povertyC. sadnessD. joy4. I resent his hypocritical posing as a friend for he is interested only in his own advancement.A. selfishB. uglyC. deceptiveD. frank5. The small grocer was at the mercy of people he owed money to.A. as a result ofB. in the power ofC. in the interest ofD. on account of6. His remarks are always succinct and pointed.A. wittyB. briefC. instructiveD. humorous7. Don't interrupt John. He is grappling with the accounts.A. persisting inB. working atC. insisting onD. looking up8. The multitude may laugh at his music, but we know better.A. Many peopleB. Young peopleC. Educated peopleD. Ordinary people9. We must make massive efforts to improve things.A. greatB. usefulC. vainD. further10. The children at play among the flowers made a charming spectacle.A. audienceB. crowdC. sightD. photoUnit One1. Considerable expertise is required to be a successful trial lawyer.A. know-howB. authorityC. prudenceD. resolution2. So it came about that even in ancient times tales of Moon voyages were written without any trace of magic and the earthiness of something that might be possible.A. footprintB. measurementC. remainderD. sign3. I’d like to come with you, but that’s not a promise. Don’t build on it.A. bring onB. depend onC. take onD. think on4. I must go and work up my notes, ready for the test.A. completeB. takeC. reviewD. get5. Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the Earth’s surface, is under increasing risk from contamination and overuse.A. popularizationB. pollutionC. contractionD. industrialization6. The most prominent technological success in the twentieth century is probably computer revolution.A. noticeableB. solemnC. prosperousD. prevalent7. Neon light is utilized in airport because it can penetrate fog.A. pass throughB. break upC. transmitD. suspend8. There is no point in applying for that job as you are not properly qualified.A. reasonB. resultC. chanceD. use9. It is estimated that almost one million earthquakes occur each year, but most of them are so minor that they pass undetected.A. with no damageB. with no noticeC. with no nameD. with no problem10. Inspired by another movement in art called Dadaism, the Surrealist movement has been one of the most influential art movements in the 20th century.A. DespisedB. InfluencedC. StifledD. CreatedUnit Two1. Parents heartily endorsed the plan for a school playground.A. adoredB. admiredC. supportedD. denied2. Black clouds, thunder and lightning show that a storm is imminent.A. comingB. IrremediableC. unavoidableD. irresistible3. She had upset some boiling oil on her arm and was in agony.A. great painB. SufferingC. dangerD. despair4. The walls of the boathouse had been sapped away by the waves.A. carried awayB. destroyedC. washed upD. stricken5. You must always be ready to sacrifice inclination to duty.A. likingB. tendencyC. interestD. career6. Age had withered the old lady's face.A. destroyedB. hurtC. made decrepitD. flecked7. Unable to sleep, the patient thrashed about in bed.A. twistedB. TwitchedC. tossed aboutD. tossed off8. The committee's plans are set out in the report made by the chairman.A. mentionedB. intended to doC. arrangedD. made known and clear9. Their request was absurd and consequently rejected.A. ridiculousB. excessiveC. feasibleD. harsh10. He was given imprisonment without the option of a fine.A. punishmentB. requestC. demandD. freedom to chooseUnit Three1. Henry Ⅵwas an overwhelming success, perhaps partially because Shakespeare drew characters from actual English history.A. greatB. AmazedC. unexpectedD. unbelievable2. The new communication system is by no means a minute invention.A. insignificantB. minusculeC. accidentalD. significant3. On the noticeboard there was a list of forthcoming events at school.A. excitingB. arisingC. warningD. approaching4. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A. coexistB. invadeC. dominateD. gather5. Behind him were the ruins of a city, shattered, devastated, crumbled piles of concrete and stone that glowed.A. burntB. ravagedC. isolatedD. conquered6. Revision of technical prose requires word by word review and elimination of whatever is redundant.A. talkativeB. profuseC. abundantD. wordy7. In the last chapter I proposed the hypothesis that a pure poetry-exists, employing the term "lyric“ to describe poems which "consist of poetry and nothing else".A. conjectureB. deductionC. inferenceD. supposition8. Tacit parental approval should be obtained before marriage.A. tactfulB. permissiveC. intactD. implicit9. Then he sat and thought in the concentrated, abstracted way he has almost forgetting my presence.A. preoccupiedB. observantC. intentD. careful10. An Alexandrian speculator finally thought of a way of turning cat mummies into money.A. spectatorB. observerC. businessmanD. magicianUnit Four1. The natives were intrigued by the color of our skin.A. amusedB. threatenedC. worriedD. fascinated2. She eagerly embraced the offer of a business trip to Europe.A. acceptedB. huggedC. receivedD. expressed3. The government was at a loss what to do with the runaway inflation.A. out of the ordinaryB. out-of-controlC. running-upD. high enough4. In your discussion, you have propounded several questions; let us consider each one separately.A. discussedB. argued aboutC. put forwardD. dealt with5. Small seashell have sometimes been used as a primitive kind of money.A. primordialB. importantC. chaoticD. simple6. The florist has a good assortment of flowers for his customers to choose from.A. classificationB. divisionC. displayD. collection7. It is now unlawful for factories to emit black smoke into the air.A. launchB. dischargeC. passD. dismiss8. The unjust peace agreement set the scene for another war.A. set offB. resulted inC. made ready forD. started with9. The countries of the Third World now claim, often in concert, that their natural resources are their own, to be developed and used as they wish.A. in agreementB. in conflictC. one after anotherD. at a performance10. You can always depend on Mr. Smith to come up with some practical suggestions to improve our work.A. run intoB. come byC. think ofD. put forward withUnit Five1. H e couldn’t come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.A. cope withB. think ofC. haveD. hand in2. He refused the bribe, an action entirely in character.A. like his characterB. out of characterC. like his usual natureD. just like himself3. He could not lie still, but rampaged up and down his bedroom.A. rushed about wildly and angrilyB. walkedC. ranD. went4. He likes to brows among the books in the library.A. find somethingB. pick up somethingC. read here and thereD. look for some thing5. The fruit will squash if it’s badly packed.A. crushB. squeezeC. forceD. press6. Machines, at their best, are lame counterfeits of living organisms.A. goodB. betterC. badD. awkward7. Apples mellow after they have been picked.A. ripeB. go badC. are pressedD. squash8. They dictated terms to the defeated enemy.A. gaveB. producedC. stated with the power to enforceD. handed in9. He worked a whole night and solved a tricky problem in mathematics.A. difficult to handleB. bigC. hardD. interesting10. The holidays are over, we must get down to work again.A. go back toB. begin to give serious attention toC. go toD. payUnit Six1.）Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety of living in a strange culture.A. protectedB. detectedC. treatedD. caused2. The lecture was designed to orient new students in unfamiliar situations.A. adapt...toB. organize...inC. lead...inD. prepare...for3. The old lady often spends her time grousing to whomever will listen about how unfriendly and unsympathetic her neighbors are.A. talkingB. complainingC. speakingD. telling4. They lack the strength to cope with all these problems.A. take chargeB. treatC. deal withD. manage5. John is more skilled at caricature than he is at acting.A. drawingB. mimickingC. playingD. reciting6. My chief objection to the book is that the characters are stereotyped.A. overdoneB. poorly drawnC. incompleteD. lacking in individuality7. It was difficult to discern which of them was to blame.A. distinguishB. selectC. tellD. choose8. They all appraised the house carefully before offering to buy it.A. inspectedB. checkedC. valuedD. praised9. It is irrational to be afraid of the number 13.A. unfortunateB. unreasonableC. invisibleD. intelligible10. Under the Tudors many English people were transplanted to Ireland.A. exiledB. dispatchedC. sailedD. movedUnit Seven1. He staked all his money on the result of the card game.A. putB. riskedC. betD. issued2. Although the fire decimated the city ten years ago, the people of that city have rebuilt it into an even more beautiful city.A. destroyedB. maimedC. impairedD. hurt3. In this time of the year, there is a scarcity of apples.A. rarenessB. infrequencyC. shortageD. uncommonness4. You should not make sweeping statements about such important matters.A. generalB. complicatedC. overallD. specific5. If you mean to please any people, you must give them the boon for which they ask.A. giftB. favorC. largessD. present6. He would have us fill up our depleted curriculum with subjects whose worth has not even been tried.A. drainedB. exhaustedC. impoverishedD. bankrupted7. There are many ways of coercing the enemy into surrendering.A. compellingB. forcingC. inducingD. competing8. It was his destiny to die in a foreign country, far from his family.A. doomB. portionC. fateD. luck9. In summer a slew of visitors flock to the seaside.A. a fewB. a large number ofC. severalD. few10. Outside of the restaurant, we came across a man doing a fire-eating performance.A. ran intoB. came toC. came upD. came aboutUnit Nine1. The doctor consecrated all his life to improving hospital care and public health in his community.A. dedicatedB. contributedC. distributedD. resigned2. The army’s brave fighting culminated in total victory.A. receivedB. brought upC. resulted inD. led3. Nothing on earth can countervail the loss of one’s health.A. counterturnB. compensate forC. prevailD. counteract4. The substance of an education is its effect on your life, and is not just the ability.A. purportB. characteristicC. qualityD. feature5. It is reported that some pubescent children exhibit the sign of a type A behavior pattern, fostered by parental child-rearing practice.A. weakB. specialC. adolescentD. bright6. As working hours tend to get shorter and shorter, people should learn how to spend their increased leisure in some satisfying way.A. timeB. chanceC. free timeD. luxury7. It always takes some time to get over the shock of someone's death.A. overcomeB. do withoutC. ignoreD. deal with8. They accorded due praise to him for exceeding his fellow-workers in production.A. matchedB. sublimedC. awardedD. revealed9. Those who have a fling with drugs find it very difficult to overcome its effects.A. likeB. enjoy inC. love forD. indulge in10. His friends asserted that he was innocent.A. saidB. believedC. showedD. declared forcefully。