法规警示：船舶进出排放控制区域时的燃油转换

Class News No.22/2014英国劳氏船级社信息2014年6月17日Statutory Alert: Fuel change-over when entering and exiting emission control areas法规警示：船舶进出排放控制区域时的燃油转换Applicability: All shipowners and operators适用：所有的船东和船舶运营者From 1 January, 2015, the maximum sulphur content of fuel oil used within the MARPOL Annex VI EmissionControl Areas (ECAs) will be 0.10%, unless using an approved alternative means for controlling sulphur emissions.In most cases, the fuel used will be low-sulphur distillate oil (LSDO). Many ships operating both inside and outside ECAs will change-over between LSDO and residual fuel oil (RFO) when entering and exiting ECAs.从2015年1月1日起，在MARPOL公约附则VI规定在排放控制区域（ECAs）内使用的燃油，其硫含量将不得超过0.10%，除非使用已批准的控制硫排放的装置。

在大部分情况下，必须使用低硫燃油（LSDO）。

许多在ECAs内外区域都运营的船舶在出入ECAs时候需要在LSDO和残渣燃油(RFO)间进行转换。

Lloyd’s Register Rule requirements劳氏船级社船舶规范的要求The Lloyd’s Register (LR) Rule requirements for fuel oil systems are contained within Pt.5 Ch.14 sections 2, 3 and4; these contain design requirements for systems which are to operate on either LDSO or RFO grades, or both. LR also offers the optional descriptive note, DIST, for shipowners and operators applying industry best practice to theuse of LSDO. The ShipRight Procedure for Assigning DIST Descriptive Note contains further guidance onmeasures to be considered by owners and operators.劳氏船级社（LR）对船舶燃油系统的要求涵盖在其船舶规范第5篇第14章的第2,3和4部分。

这些包括了在使用LDSO或RFO或者两者都使用时的系统设计要求。

为船东和船舶操作者应用有关使用LDSO的行业最佳做法，LR还提供了非强制的描述性注释符号DIST。

为授予DIST符号的ShipRight程序包涵了船东和船舶操作者应考虑的相关措施的进一步指导。

In cases where existing fuel systems, engines or other equipment on LR classed ships are not suitable foroperation on LSDO in addition to RFO, or where manufacturers have recommended equipment modifications, any proposed modifications must be submitted to LR for approval. If you are uncertain about whether equipment onboard your ships requires approval, please contact your local LR office for advice.如果LR入级船舶上的现有的燃油系统，柴油机或其他设备除了RFO外不适合LSDO操作的，或者设备制造商建议改装设备的情况下，任何建议的改装都必须提交LR批准。

如果您不确定船上相关设备的改装是否需要审批，请联系您所在地的当地LR办公室进行咨询。

Main points to consider when carrying out fuel change-over燃料转换时需考虑的重点Alternating satisfactorily between LSDO and RFO depends on owners and operators applying established change-over procedures and giving attention to maintenance and operating requirements. Some of the main points to consider are as follows:LSDO和RFO之间的满意转换取决于船东和船舶操作者运用已建立的转换程序以及重视维护和操作要求。

应考虑的一些重点如下：Change-over procedures转换程序∙Each ship should have an established and documented fuel change-over procedure which limits the maximum rate of temperature change when changing between RFO and LSDO.每艘船舶都应具有已建立的和文件化的转换程序来限制燃料RFO和LSDO之间转换时的最大温度变化率。

∙Crews should receive training and instruction on applying the fuel change-over procedure.所有船员应接受运用燃料转换程序和相关指示的培训。

∙Fuel oil spill returns from engines and other equipment should be routed and managed to avoid contamination of LSDO tanks with other fuels.对柴油机等设备的燃油泄漏回油管路应规定路径和进行管理，以避免LSDO油舱/柜与其他燃料的污染。

∙The compatibility of the RFO and LSDO should be checked. If instability occurs, it will generally be at the interface of the two fuels, necessitating more frequent filter change-over and cleaning to avoid blockage.RFO和LSDO的兼容性应该进行检查。

如有不稳定性，它一般产生在这两种燃料的界面处，因此需要更频繁的过滤转换和清洗，以免堵塞。

Maintenance保养维护∙LSDO is less tolerant than RFO of worn fuel pumps; excessive barrel clearances will result in high leakage rates and failure to generate the required pressures, and may even prevent the engine starting. Excessive fuel supply and booster pump clearances will result in reduced delivery rates and pressures.LSDO比RFO更容易磨损燃油泵; 过大的燃油泵内部间隙将导致高泄漏率和不能产生所要求的油压，甚至可能妨碍柴油机的起动。

过多的燃料供应和过大的增压泵间隙将导致燃油输送速度和压力的降低。

∙ The cleaning and searching nature of LSDO relative to RFO, and the temperature differential between the two fuels, can result in seepage from pipe flanges, joints, seams and instrument connections.相对于RFO来讲，LSDO的清洁和严格的特性，以及两种燃料之间的温差，都会导致从管路法兰、接头、接缝和仪器连接处的渗漏。

Operation操作∙Heating of LSDO will lower its viscosity below the minimal allowable limit of fuel equipment, requiring heating systems to be shut-down and meaning that indirect heating must be avoided. Cooling or evenchilling of LSDO may be required. Fuel with a higher minimum viscosity (e.g., ISO 8217 DMZ) should be considered as an alternative.LSDO的加热会使其粘度降低到燃油设备最小允许值以下，因此需要关闭加热系统，并避免间接加热。

LSDO燃油可能需要冷却甚至变冷。

具有较高的最低粘度的燃料（例如ISO 8217，DMZ）应被视为一种替代方法。

∙The base number of the engine lubricants (particularly cylinder oil) must be suitable for the sulphur content of the fuel being used.柴油机润滑油（特别是汽缸油）的碱基数必须适合于所使用的燃料中的硫含量。