英语单词用词缀判断词性
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一、名词后缀
1. ce, ance, ence
appear(出现, 公开露面)—appearance
refer(提交, 谈及,提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询)—reference(提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人), audience, advice, allowance, ambulance, appearance
2. al:
arrival, refusal, revival, removal, approval
4. cy :
accurate(正确的, 精确的)—accuracy(精确性, 正确度)
private—privacy, emergency, frequency, urgency, efficiency, agency
5. dom:
freedom, kingdom, wisdom
6. er,or,ar, ist, ant, ent, ess(女): 人、职业
painter, worker, beg(请求, 乞求)—beggar(乞丐), piano-pianist, violin(小提琴)—violinist, apply—applicant, correspond(通信)—correspondent(通讯记者)actress,waiter—waitress, analyst
7. hood : 时期,人,关系
child—childhood, man—manbood(成年男子)neighborhood(附近,邻居关系)8. ty :
cruel—cruelty, pure—purity, activity, reality, ability, calamity
9. ment :状态,行动等
move—movement,retire—retirement,state-statement,
treat-treatment, judgment, punishment, argument, assignment
10. ness :
dark—darkness, happy—happiness, awareness, kindness, tiredness,
11. ology : 学(学术类)
biology, geology physiology psychology, technology
12. ship :才能,状态,资格,品质
Friendship, relationship, scholar(学者)—scholarship(奖学金, 学问, 学识)leadership,hardship,membership, oppression, possession, education
13. ion, sion, tion, ation, ition:行为的过程,结果,状况
decide-decision,expand-expansion, alter-alteration,action, solution, conclusion, destru ction, expression, correction, oppression, ambition
14. sure:
measure, pressure
15. th :
grow—growth, wide—width, deep-depth, health, wealth, truth, length
16. ture:
nature, mature, future, agriculture, architecture
二、动词后缀
1.-ify意为:转为,变为
class—classify(分类, 分为), simple—simplify(单一化, 简单化),
2.-ize;(美)ise,(英)-en:使……,……化,变得……
deep—deepen(加深, 深化), fast(紧的, 牢的)—fasten(扎牢, 扣住)
(现代人)—modernise/modernize(<主英>=modernize)
popular(通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的)—popularise/popularize(<主英> =popularize)3.-ate:增加,使……
originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate, dictate 独裁,使…听写(dict-词根:说。“独裁”和“使…听写”的核心含义就是“说”,ate无非是整个单词中表示词性的成分。)
4.-ish
finish 完成(fine-词根:终止。比如:final-最后的,al-形容词后缀;finish-完成,ish-动词后缀。)
三、形容词后缀:
1.able,ible:能……的;可以……的
question(疑问)—questionable(可疑的), apply(采用、应用)applicable (可采用的,适用的)
2.al:有……属性的,……类型的
nature(自然)—natural(自然的), structure(结构, 构造)—structural (结构的, 建筑的), casual
4.ant,ent
differ—different, please(满足的, 使满足)—pleasant(令人愉快的, 舒适的)
7.en: 材质
gold(黄金, 金币)—golden(金色的, 金黄色的) wood(木材)—wooden(木制的)
10.ful:充满,有
care(注意, 照料)—careful(小心的, 仔细的) pain(痛苦, 疼)—painful(疼痛的, 使痛苦的)
11.ic,ical:……类的
atom(原子)—atomic(原子的, 原子能的) psychology(心理学, 心理状态)—psychological(心理(上)的)electronic,economic, linguistic,physical,logical
12.ish (倾向)
girl(女孩, 少女)—girlish(少女的, 少女似的(男孩)) child(孩子)—childish(孩子气的, 幼稚的)
13.tive,sive:有……属性的;有某种倾向的
create(创造)—creative(创造性的) support(支援,支柱)—supportive (支持的,支援的)effective,expensive
14.less:没有,无
hope(希望, 信心)—hopeless(没有希望的, 绝望的)
pain(痛苦, 疼, 痛, 劳苦, 努力,使痛苦)—painless(无痛的, 不痛的)15.ous:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的
danger(危险)—dangerous(危险的),poison(毒药, 败坏道德之事, 毒害,毒害, 败坏, 使中毒,放毒, 下毒)—poisonous(有毒的)
16.some -some:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;having the quality of)