不定式和动词-ing形式的被动语态

不定式和动词-ing形式的被动语态不定式和动词-ing形式的被动语态

请看两道试题：
1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
分析：remain 后接to do sth.作表语， see 与主语从句是动宾关系，所以要用to be seen，故答案为B。
2. The discovery of new evidence led to ______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
分析：lead to 中的to 是介词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语。“小偷被抓”应用动词-ing的被动形式being caught，所以选C。

不定式和动词-ing形式的被动语态是历年高考考查的重点和难点。下面就这两点做一简要介绍。
一、不定式的被动语态
1. 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动语态。如：
The meeting to be held tomorrow afternoon is of great importance.
明天下午要开的会议非常重要。
再如两道选择题：
(1) Little Tom would love ______ to the theater this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
分析：本题考查不定式在固定结构中的谓语形式。would love后一般只用动词不定式作宾语。句中主语little Tom是take的逻辑宾语，用被动形式，所以选A。
(2) To go shopping on Sundays seems to my mother a rule ______.
A. to never break B. never to be breaking
C. never to be broken D. never to have broken
分析：动词不定式和前面的a rule有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用它的被动语态作定语，故选C。
2. 如果句子的主语是动词不定式所表示动作的施动者，则大都采用动词不定式的主动形式来作名词的后置修饰语。如：
I have a letter to write. (不用to be written)
我有一封信要写。
You need something to eat. （不用to be eaten）
你需要吃些东西。
但是，在there be 结构中，虽然常用主动语态，但是用被动语态也可以。如：
There is a meeting to attend. (可用to be attended)
要参加个会议。
3. 当征求对方是否有事需说话人做时，不定式作定语用被动语态。如：
“Would you have a letter to be typed, manager?” asked his secretary. “经理，你有信要打吗？”秘书问道。

二、动词-ing形式的被动语态
当动词-ing 形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing 形式的被动语态。
1. 动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语和宾语。如：
He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.
他害怕被老师责骂。（宾语）
再如下面的高考题：
______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed D. After being expo

sed
分析：本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系，根据句意，应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下，所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语，故答案为C。
2. 一些动词如need, want, require等作“需要”讲时，其后的动词-ing形式
的主动语态表示被动意义,也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如：
The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be repaired. 那个破窗户需要修理。
另外注意be worth及be worthy 的用法：
The problem is worth discussing.
The problem is worthy of being discussed.
The problem is worthy to be discussed.
以上三个句子都意为“这个问题值得讨论”。