英语短文改错做题方法探讨_3 (T)

英语短文改错做题方法探讨_3 (T)
我们将短文改错常见的错误点归纳为一个口诀：
动词形，名格数；要注意，形和副；
非谓语，细辨别；代词格，细领悟；
介和短，需关注；冠和连，常光顾；
基序数，相互转；新考法，到此处。

这个口诀将短文改错中的错误之处分为10个突破口，即，动词、名词和所有格、形容词和副词、非谓语、代词、介词和短语、冠词、连词、数词以及新出考点。

下面就从这10个方面进行探讨。

一、动词
动词即谓语动词的形式，主要包括三类错误：时态错误，语态错误，主谓不一致的错误。

如：
1. When he gets home, he saw the animal waiting at the door.
2. We were benefited a lot from the fast food business.
3. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.
在第1个句子中主句用一般过去时态，从句也应该用相应的过去时态，所以应该将gets 改为got；第2个句子中根据句意“从……中获益”，应该用主动语态，所以应该将were去掉；第3个句子中条件状语从句的主语是第三人称单数，所以应将谓语动词wish改为wishes。

二、名词和所有格
指名词单、复数及所有格的用法错误。

如：
1. The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.
2. My classmate came up to me and wanted to ask for some advices.
3. When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
第1个句子中mistake为可数名词，部分句意为：“从课本和各种失误中吸取教训”，所以mistake应改为mistakes；第2个句子中的advice为不可数名词，没有复数，所以应将advices 改为advice；第3个句子的Friday’s应改为Friday。

三、形容词和副词
注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法，包括比较级和最高级。

如：
1. I was always afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
2. When the teacher asked who can answer the question, I immediate raised my hand.
3. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
4. One was that I was amazed at the fact a sick person could feel much more better after seeing
a doctor.
5. Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet.
第1句中误用了形容词比较级，此句中并没有比较的含义，所以形容词large的比较级larger应改为large；第2句中的immediate修饰谓语动词raised，所以应改为副词immediately；第3句中looked后跟表语，所以coolly应改为cool；第4句中比较级better前误用比较级more，应将more去掉；第5句中应将beside改为besides。

四、非谓语
非谓语成分的错误主要有动词-ing、过去分词和动词不定式的用法错误。

如：
1. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
2. She said this morning it will rain and told me carry my umbrella with me.
3. Many people nowadays go to expensively decorating teahouse to talk business.
第1句中wait处应该为伴随状语，所以应将wait改为waiting；第2句中考查固定结构“tell sb to do sth”，应将carry改为to carry，实为不定式做宾语补足语；第3句中考查非谓语动词作定语，decorate和teahouse为动宾关系，应该用过去分词作定语，所以应将decorating 改为过去分词decorated。

五、代词
代词的用法错误主要包括代词误用和偷换人称。

如：
1. I had done myself homework but I was shy.
2. I was about to give up when my father came to his assistance.
第1句中误用反身代词作定语，然而反身代词不可作定语，所以应将myself改为my；第2句中将代词偷换人称，句意是“父亲来帮助我”，而不是“帮助他”，所以应将his改为my。

六、介词和短语
主要考查习惯或固定搭配方面的知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误（还应注意with的复合结构）。

如：
1. He was afraid of that his father would beat him.
2. One day, Tom and his friends were playing a cat in a room.
3. One day, my father’s friend bought PDA as a birthday gift to me, I felt very excited.
第1句中应为固定句型“be afraid that…”，所以应将介词of去掉；第2句中动词play后应加介词with，表示“和……玩”的意思；第3句中“给某人买东西”应为“buy sth for sb”，所以应将介词to改为for。

七、冠词
冠词的错误：冠词多余、缺少冠词和错用冠词。

如：
1. Hearing a news that the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in China, I felt excited.
2. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.
第1句中news为不可数名词，其前不可用不定冠词，应该将a改为the；第2句翻译为“当（我）是一个孩子的时候，……”，所以应将the改为a。

八、连词（也包括关系词）
连词常见的错误形式有：however, but, and, or, because, so, when, before, after, which, that, what等连词的误用。

如：
1.I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
2.They are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
第1句存在承接，应将or改为and；第2句中garden后为非限制性定语从句，应将that 改为which。

九、数词
数词错误即基数词和序数词之间的误用。

如：
Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher.
本句中应将five改为fifth。

十、新考法
They were two reasons for the decision.
本句是一个there be句型，应将they改为there。