英美概况练习题
英美概况练习题
美国概况练习题：1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C．San Francisco D ．New York City 2．_____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A．Blacks B ．Hispanics C．Indians D．Asian Americans3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.A．the U.S. President George Washington B ．Christopher ColumbusC ．both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD ．none of them4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A．varieties B．elements C．parts D．form5．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A ．Thomas Jefferson B．James Monroe C．James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A．Rhode Island B ．Virginia C．Texas D ．Montana7．The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A．the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack 8．The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A ．contribution a state has made to the nation B．Population C．sizeD．none of the above9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A．the Amazon River B．the Mississippi River C．the Nile River D．the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A．France B．Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain练习题答案及题解:1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
英美概况.英美概况(二)练习题及答案docx
《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。
新版英美概况复习习题_
新版英美概况复习习题_新版英美概况习题英国部分：一、名词解释1.The City of London2.King Harold3.The Vikings4.King Arthur5.King Alfred6.The Anglo-Saxons7.General election8.Prime minister9.Divine right of the king10.Oxbridge11.The Bill of Rights of 168912.The function of the parliament13.Different classes of Great Britain14.Elizabethan Drama15.Wuthering Heights16.Grammar schools17.tertiary industries18.The open university19.Christmas20.Football hooligans21.The invasion of the Romans22.The Great Charter/Magna Carta23.The Glorious Revolution24.the Battle of Hastings二、简答题1.The Canterbury T ales2.William Shakespeare3.relative decline of the UK economy4.Robert Burns5.Wimbledon International Tennis Championship6.Soccer7.the Easter Rising8.Robert the Bruce9.Boxing Day10.Halloween11.Robin Hood12.Union Jack13.Hereditary peers14.Easter uprisings15.The full name of the UK and the capital of each part16.The Romantic poets17.The Industrial Revolution18.Public schools19.One Hundred Years’ War20.General election21.the “Three Circles” foreign policy三、论述题1.The relation between the Queen and the government2.The establishment of the colonies of the UK3.The classes of the UK4.The relative decline of Great Britain美国部分：一、名词解释1.Puritans2.The Declaration of Independence3.George Washington4.Benjamin Franklin5.California Gold Rush6.The Bill of Rights7.Eli Whitney8.Wall Street9.an indentured servant/doc/d316531671.html,pulsory education of the USA11.Segregation Law12.Melting pot13.Michael Jordan14.The purchase of Alaska二、简答题1.The establishment of Virginia2.The Articles of Confederation3.The three branches of the American government4.The American Industrial Revolution5.James Fenimore Cooper6.Mark Twain7.American Civil War8.The New Deal9.The Lost Generation10.Ernest Hemingway11.Different kinds of American schools12.The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act13.The American Dream14.The purchase of Louisiana三、论述题1.Why the USA is called a nation of immigrants?2.The democratic system of the USA3.The American Civil War4.Why do the Americans consider sports very important in their life?5.The success of Franklin Roosevelt’s New DealMultiple Choice:1. Which of the following CANNOT be found in London?A. TeahousesB. GalleriesC. MuseumsD. Theatres2. The Tower of London, a historical sight, was built by _____.A. King HaroldB. Robin HoodC. Oliver CromwellD. William the Conqueror3. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans4. The United Kingdom is made up of _____ parts.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five5. The capital of the Scotland is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. EdinburghD. Cardiff6. The first inhabitants in England are the _____.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Danes7. The first invaders to England in 43AD were the _____.A. NormansB. VikingsC. GermansD. Romans8. King Arthur is a well-known king from the legends of the _____.A. JutesB. Anglo-SaxonsC. DanesD. Normans9. “William the Conqueror” defeated and killed the English king in the Battle of _____.A. LondonB. CalaisC. HastingsD. Canterbury10. The king who was executed in the 17th century was _____.A. William IB. Henry IC. Charles ID. George I11. The Scottish king _____ defeated the English army in theBattle of Bannockburn, leading to300 years of full independence for Scotland.A. William WallaceB. Robert the BruceC. James ID. Canute12. The leader of the republican “roundheads” was _____ who killed the king in the 17th century.A. Oliver CromwellB. Robert BurnsC. Winston ChurchillD. Robin Hood13. By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided?A. The House of CommonsB. The House of LordsC. The Prime MinisterD. The two big parties14. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?A. BeowulfB. The Canterbury TalesC. Treasure IslandD. Ivanhoe15. which of the following tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. FrankensteinC. HamletD. Sense and Sensibility16. In Britain, the greatest majority of parents send their children to _____.A. private schoolsB. public schoolsC. state schoolsD. grammar schools17. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centreD. The sports centre.18. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I19. Which of the following DID NOT belong to Romanticism?A. KeatsB. ShellyC. WordsworthD. Defoe20. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A. The University of CambridgeB. The University of OxfordC. The University of EdinburghD. The University of Buckingham21. Which of the following is NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development ofEurope?A. The growth of capitalismB. The RenaissanceC. The Religious ReformationD. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church22. The following are the founding fathers of the United States except _____.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. William PennD. Benjamin Franklin23. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of _____.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution24. The following are the writers of the Declaration of Independence except _____.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Benjamin Franklin25. The man who named the American primitive people “Indians” is _____.A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Henry HudsonD. John Cabot26. The Seven Year’s War was fought between Britain and _____.A. SpainB. HollandC. FranceD. Portugal27. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland28. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws and levy federal taxes?A. The executiveB. The legislativeC. The judicialD. The president29. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A. The freedom of religionB. The freedom of searching a person’s home by policeC. The freedom of speech and of the pressD. The right of owning weapon if one wishes30. The New Deal was started by _____.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson31. The “American system” of mass production was first used in _____.A. car industryB. textile industryC. firearms industryD. agriculture32. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?A. bankingB. management consultationC. airlineD. steelmaking33. The United States was rated the _____ in the world in terms of land area and the size ofpopulation.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth34. In which year was the USA rated NO. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world?A. 1920B. 1950C. 1945D. 196035. The USA produces as much as half of the world’s _____.A. wheat and riceB. cottonC. tobacco and vegetable oilD. soybeans and corn36. The latest technology that the American farmers have adopted is _____.A. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers37. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Natty BumppoC. Washington IrvingD. Rip Van Winkle38. Which of the following was written by James Fenimore Cooper?A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of the Sleepy HollowC. The Masque of the Red DeathD. Moby Dick39. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education40. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _____.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmastersD. boards of education41. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _____.A. investmentB. student tuitionC. endowmentsD. government funding42. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot?A. Mark TwainB. Stephen CraneC. Henry JamesD. Israel Zangwill43. Which of the following was President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s main concern?A. health careB. personal freedomC. material wealthD. social justice44. Which of the following institutions is responsible for the making of the Internet?A. the US militaryB. the US entertainment industryC. the US film industryD. the US education sector45. Niagara Falls is located in the State of _____.A. New YorkB. VirginiaC. North CarolinaD. South California46. If you visit Alaska, you can see the following except _____.A. northern Polar LightB. glaciersC. surfersD. caribou47. The Everglades, du bbed with the name of “the River of Grass”, is _____ containing a largecollection of wildlife.A. a green riverB. a deep valleyC. a subtropical wetlandsD. a small island48. Michael Jordan is a famous player of _____.A. footballB. basketballC. baseballD. tennis49. Ronald Reagan used to be a _____.A. basketball playerB. sports radio announcerC. conservative political columnistD. sports writer50. Which of the following remarks is NOT true about Hawaii?A. Hawaii is made up of a large group of big and small islandsB. There are numerous active volcanoes in HawaiiC. More than 40 percent of the local residents in Hawaii are American AsiansD. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941Fill in the blanks:1.The United Kingdom consists of __________, __________, __________, and _____________.2.The English language has three stages in its history. They are _______________,_______________, _______________.3.The novel Robinson Crusoe was written by____________________.4.The doctrine of the “divine right of kings” held that the sovereign derived his authority from_______, not from _________.5.The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms ______ and its party leaderbecomes_______.6.Normally a government of the United Kingdom can be in power for____years, and then it hasto resign and hold a general election.7.The “Jewel in the Crown”of the British Empire____, which provided _______ and a bigmarket for British goods, gained independence in 1947.8.Since 1945, the UK has experienced ______ decline rather than _____ decline./doc/d316531671.html, two of the tragedies written by William Shakespeare:___________________, _____________________.10.Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are noted for their respective novel __________________and ____________________ which are largely the love stories ofa woman for a man.11.The author of Ivanhoe was _______________, Charles Dickens novel ___________________tells the story of an orphan child drawn into crime in the London underworld.12.The two oldest universities in Britain are _________________ and _____________________.13.American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived.They were______, _______, and _______./doc/d316531671.html, two of the taxes imposed on North American colonies by the British Parliament on theeve of the American Revolution: ___________________ and ___________________.15.After the War of Independence was won, the national government was called______, and theagreement that guided the government was________.16.A federal system is one in which power is shared between______ and______with some rightsreserved to each.17.Two major political parties in the USA are_______ and _______.18.The best-known stock exchange is________ located in________ area of New York City.19._______ and ___________ are the two major writers of the post-revolutionary period./doc/d316531671.html, two of Ernest Hemingway’s famous novels: ____________________________, and ___________________________________________.21.About 90% of the American students go to ___________ schools and 10% attend_______________ schools.22.In the Declaration of Independence (1776), Thomas Jefferson wrote the classic words whichwere widely acclaimed as the traditional values by all Americans, they are: “_____, _____, _________”.23.By the 1960s, the Foreign Service began to recruit its members through a highly competitivetest open to all, regardless of______, ______, and________.。
大一英美概况试题及答案
大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。
英美概况4套练习题
ExercisesExercise 1一、是非题Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（）1. The Articles of Confederation is the oldest written constitution in the world.（）2. America is a name given by Columbus.（）3. The United Kingdom is a federal，not a unitary state.（）4. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nation was to be formed.（）5. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland.（）6. The checks and balance system in America was based on division of power.（）7. London，the capital of the UK，is situated on the Severn River near its mouth.（）8. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John.（）9. James I was the king who was executed during the English Bourgeois Revolution.（）10. The Chartist Movement finally succeeded and it constituted a glorious page in the history of the workers’ struggle for liberation.（）11. Grammar schools emphasize academic studies and teach a wide range of subjects.（）12. Members of Parliament （MPs）are those who inherit the noble titles.（）13. British people chose Franklin Roosevelt as Prime Minister in 1940 when the W.W. II broke out.（）14. Henry VII was responsible for the founding the Church of England.（）15. The destruction of the Spanish Armada not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansion.（）16. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people.（）17. The first successful English colony in North America was planted in Virginia in 1620.（）18. The Wars of the Roses affected the ordinary people very much.（）19. The Queen formally appoints all government office holders except the Prime Minister.（）20. The Hundred Year’s War refers to the intermittent war between France and England that lasted from 1337 to 1453.二、名词解释Explain the following terms in English：1. The Great Depression2. Industrial Revolution3. Melting Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution三、简答题Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. When was the Second War with England in American history？2. What are the two major political parties in Britain？3. What is the general climate in Britain？4. Which American president was involved in Watergate Affair？5. What is the most important river in Britain？四、论述题Write between 100-150 words on the following topic：Norman Conquest and its influence？参考答案一、1~5 FFFTF 6~10 TFTFF 11~15 TFFFT 16~20TFFFT二、1.On October 24，1929，the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups，it is also known as a ―melting pot，‖ meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague，an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague，much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.三、1. The Second War between America and England was during 1812~1814.2. The two major political parties in Britain are Conservative Party and Labor Party.3. Britain enjoys maritime climate.4. Richard Nixon was involved in Watergate Scandal.5. The most important river in Britain is Thames River.四In 1066 the army of William，Duke of Normandy，defeated King Harold’s troops. He was crowned King of England. He then built a string of defense castle ensure his military control of the whole country. This is the Norman Conquest in British history. After the Norman Conquest，William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established，England. Relations with the Continent were opened. The civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture，language，manners，and architecture ere introduced.一、是非题Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（）1. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution.（）2. The stock market crash in 1929 was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S. （）3. George Washington was the first president of the United States.（）4. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution. （）5. Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence，and on July 4，1776，the Congress adopted the declaration.（）6. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.（）7. The word English means ―the language that belongs to the Angles.‖（）8. The Pennines are known as the ―Backbone of England‖.（）9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of 397 square kilometers.（）10. Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston.（）11. The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances.（）12. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England.（）13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious（）14. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords：the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.（）15. William，Duke of Normandy，founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as ―Father of the British Navy.‖（）16. Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots，the Irish and the Welsh people.（）17. After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britain’s first ever woman prime minister in 1979，she adopted a new program to cure the ―British disease‖.（）18. America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian，but a new continent. As a result，the new continent was named after him and became known as America.（）19. Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July 14，1776，a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States.（）20. When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London，the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in 1782.二、名词解释Explain the following terms in English：1. The New Deal2. counterculture movement3. checks and balances4. Constitutional monarchy5. Emancipation ProclamationGive a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. What is the longest river in Britain？2. How long did the Wars of the Roses go on？3. When did American Civil War break out？4. What were the mainstream Americans called？5. What does American Congress consist of？四、论述题Write between 100-150 words on the following topic：Cold War参考答案一、1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFT二、1. It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system.2. It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values，the aesthetic standards，the personal behavior, and the social relations of conventional society.3. Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative，the executive and the judicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check，or block，the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called ―checks and balances‖.4. A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice，the Sovereign reigns，but does not rule. In English history，constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5. On September 22，1862 during American Civil War，Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1，1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.三、1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. American Civil War began in 1861.4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.四、Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States，relying on its large economic and military strength，tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism，represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts withoutbloody ―hot war‖ between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.Exercise 3I. Direction：Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A；B，C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council；B. no serf should be arrested，imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century，and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright4. In some areas factory farming methods are used，particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry5. By tradition，the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty，Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council7. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 19368. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln9. But even after the abolition of slavery，organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ______.A. Chinese – AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese – AmericansD. black Americans10. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ______ percent in the United States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.111. After a period of prosperity （1920 ~ 1929），government involvement in the economy increased _________.A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War12. The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh13. Through the Department of _____，the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense14. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A. George Washington'sB. Thomas Jefferson'sC. Abraham Lincoln'sD. Franklin Roosevelt's15. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor16. After the outbreak of the First World War，Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on ________.A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths19. In New Zealand，hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%D. 18%20. In the United States，Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children'sB. men'sC. women'sD. old men's21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.A. the Great Western PlateauB. the OutbackC. the Eastern HighlandsD. the Central Eastern Lowlands22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth23. New Zealand is the world's largest exporters of ________.A. lambB. expertiseC. honeyD. potatoes24. Today _____ is Ireland's most influential daily.A. the Irish PressB. the Irish IndependenceC. the Irish TimesD. the Irish Daily25. In the United States，_____ is a leading commercial crop in the South.A. cottonB. tobaccoC. peanutD. appleII. Directions Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true of false. Put T if you think it is true of F if you think it is false in the corresponding space on you answer sheet.1. ______ William Walworth launched the Peasant Revolt of 1381 in England.2. ______ In the English Civil War，the Puritans were not the King's opponents.3. ______ The Chartists could be roughly divided into two groups：the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists.4. ______ In Britain，changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff，who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.5. ______ The British criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.6. ______ As committed to the goal of a united Ireland，Dublin refuses to negotiate a settlement of the problem of Northern Ireland with London.7. ______ After the abolition of slavery，organized or individual discrimination was never practiced against black Americans.8. ______ When the Korean War broke out in June，1950，Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.9. ______ Canada possesses rich and vast natural resources which are significant in the Canadian10. ______ The rich green mountains and valleys make New Brunswick Nova Scotia，Prince Edward island，and Newfoundland the most beautiful in Canada.11. ______ The minerals and energy industry is supplementary to the Australian economy.12. ______ Captain Matthew Flinder's exploratory voyage to Australia between 1802 and 1803 brought a close to an era of European discovery.13. ______ In 1995，about 14% of the US population lived under the poverty line.14. ______ In 1948，Ireland voted itself out of the British Common wealth.15. ______ Formal education in the United States consists of elementary，secondary and higher education.III. Directions：For each of the following blanks，only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. The England Civil War not only overthrew _____ in England，but also undermined the feudal rule in Europe.2. Two of the most important literary writers of the late 17th Century England were _____ and _____. Both were Puritans.3. During the WW II，the leaders of the United States，the Soviet Union and Britain met at ______，_______ and _______ conferences.4. The American War of Independence show that a ______ nation can defeat a _______ one.5. Canada's early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______：fishing，forestry，_______ and mining.6. Britain is a welfare state which is funded out of ______ and ______.7. The government education departments _____ education policies and are also responsible for the ________ and training of teachers.8. The South's lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.9. The Senate serves a term of _____ years，and every two years，_______ of the Senators stands for re - election.10. Fianna Fail continues to demand that the British be withdrawn from ______ but it opposes the use of violence to achieve this goal.11. Australia's two territories are Australian Capital Territory and ________.12. Australia's rural children can learn their lessons through a radio educational system called _____.13. According to the Treaty of Waitangi，if Maori owners wanted to sell _______，only the Crown had the right to ______.14. Mrs. Thatcher's government used both _____ and _______ policies to improve the efficiency of the British economy in the 1980's.15. In 1885 ________ was completed and the country was linked from coast to coast.16. Ireland is a ______ republic and a unitary state under the 1937 Constitution.17. The highest peak of Britain is ______. It is about ________ meters high，located in the Highlands of Scotland.18. ________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great19. In the 1770s _______ visited New Zealand and claimed it for England.20. The New York Stock Market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of ________.21. By 1918 car _______ had reached 2.5 million，which showed the United States was on the way to becoming a nation on ______.22. The Paris Conference ending the First World War was dominated by the Big Four：the United States，_______，France，and _______.23. Many of Canada's earliest settlements were founded by fur traders and _______.24. Besides the Great Lakes，Canada is also endowed with three "inland seas"，known as _______，Lake Winnipeg and ________.25. In the UK，the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______，with is one leader，and forms a ________.26. The Governor - General of a Commonwealth state is appointed by the Queen on the advice of ______ of the country concerned and completely independent of the British Government.27. In 1453 England was at last defeated in the ______ Years War. At that time power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ______ nobles.28. During the First Civil War of the England Bourgeois Revolution，those who stood on the side of the king were called ________ and those who supported the Parliament were called ______ because of their short haircuts.29. The legislative body in the province of Quebec is called the "National Assembly" while in Newfoundland it is called ________.30. Canadian law has its source in ______ and judicial _____，and also in British "common law".31. During World War II，Australian women took over the _______ left vacant by men who were engaged in the _______ effort.IV. Directions：Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Thatcherism2. diversity of American education3. the Canadian Shield4. Australia's service industries5. the New DealV. Directions：Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges，rivers and lakes in the United States.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today？How many members are there in the House of Commons？3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines？4. Sinn FeinVI. Directions：Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space onyour answer sheet.Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today？参考答案I. 1-5. CBBDA 6-10. BCDDB 11-15. ABABB 16-20. DBDCA 21-25. BDACAII. 1-5. FFTTT 6-10. FFTTT 11-15. FTTFTIII.1. the feudal system2. John Bunyon，John Milton3. Teheran；Yalta；Potsdam4. strong5. industry；agriculture6. contributions national insurance，taxation7. formulate；supply8. abundant；raw9. one，one third 10. Northern Ireland 11. Northern Territory 12. School of the air 13. land；buy 14. macroeconomic，microeconomic 15. the Canadian Pacific Railway 16. Parliamentary 17. Ben Nevis；1，3000 18. England 19. Captain James Cook 20. the Great Depression 21. registration；wheels 22. Britain；Italy 23. trappers 24. Great Bear Lake；Great Slave Lake 25. the Opposition，Shadow cabinet 26. the ministers 27. Hundred，ambitious 28. Cavaliers，Roundheads 29. House of Assembly 30. Acts；decisions 31. jobs，warsIV.1. ThatcherismThe election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries，the use of monetarist policies to control inflation，the weakening of trade unions，the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy，and an emphasis on law and order.2. diversity of American educationDiversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type，size and control of the institutions，but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution，education is a function of the state，not the federal government. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts，many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.3. the Canadian ShieldThe Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills，and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.4. Australia's service industriesService industries are also called "tertiary industry". This sector now includes an additional "quaternary" level，which covers the research，processing and storage of information. Australia's service sector is the fastest growing one. It has been growing in importance，due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing，and the expansion by government of educational，health and welfare services.5. the New DealIn order to deal with the Depression，President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Dealprogram. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.V.1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges，rivers and lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches，the Missouri River and the Ohio River，flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers：the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior，Lake Michigan，Lake Huron，Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today？How many members are there in the House of Commons？To hold general elections，Britain is divided into 651 constituencies，each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commons.3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines？White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. （1）Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. （2）The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. （3）After losing their land，Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol，which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. （4）The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. （5）All these，combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal，political，economic and social discrimination today.4. Sinn FeinSinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties，Fianna Fail and Fine Gael，which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.VI.Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today？There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.（1）During the Ratification period，the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights，the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. （2）After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson，the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified，the majority。
《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）
《英美概况》试题（附标准答案）《英美概况》试题(附答案)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ w ar starte d in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position ofindustrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB.C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan P olice Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free education。
大学英美概况试题及答案
大学英美概况试题及答案# 大学英语英美概况试题及答案一、选择题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 爱丁堡C. 曼彻斯特D. 利物浦答案：A2. 美国的独立日是什么时候？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 8月15日D. 9月11日答案：A3. 以下哪个不是英国的传统节日？A. 圣诞节B. 复活节C. 感恩节D. 圣乔治日答案：C4. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 英镑C. 美元D. 日元答案：B二、填空题6. 英国由四个构成国组成，分别是_________、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
答案：英格兰7. 美国的首都是_________。
答案：华盛顿哥伦比亚特区8. 英国的国花是_________。
答案：玫瑰9. 美国的人口最多的州是_________。
答案：加利福尼亚州10. 英国的国歌是_________。
答案：《天佑女王》或《天佑国王》三、简答题11. 简述英国的地理位置。
答案：英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，由大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛的北部以及其他许多小岛组成。
它被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋所环绕。
12. 描述美国的地理特征。
答案：美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南界墨西哥和墨西哥湾。
美国有着多样化的地理特征，包括广阔的平原、高耸的山脉、深邃的峡谷和广阔的森林。
13. 英国和美国在文化上有哪些主要差异？答案：英国和美国虽然共享许多文化元素，但也存在显著差异。
例如，英国人通常更加保守和传统，而美国人则更加开放和自由。
在饮食方面，英国人喜欢喝茶和享用全英式早餐，而美国人则偏爱咖啡和快餐。
此外，英国人重视礼节和等级制度，而美国人则倾向于更加平等和非正式的社交方式。
四、论述题14. 论述英美两国在教育体系上的主要差异。
答案：英国的教育体系强调学术深度和专业研究，学生通常在16岁后选择特定学科进行深入学习。
【精品】英美概况习题及答案.docx
英国概况III. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian's Wall:It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.2. Alfred the GreatAlfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king. It's the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the ConquerorWilliam was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated King Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of HastinasIn 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day's battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesdav BookUnder William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgment Day.6. the Great CharterKing John's reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king's powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years' WarIt referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lostalmost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.8. Joan of ArcShe was a national heroine of France during the Hundred 'Yfears' War. She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of RosesThey referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king's power became supreme. Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.11. Bloodv MarvHenry VIH's daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname "Bloody Mary". Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth IOne of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver CromwellThe leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of Charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of RiahtsIn 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly. The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.15. Whias and ToriesIt referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tbries were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tbries and became the Liberal Party. The Tbries were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James WattThe Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston ChurchillPrime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in 1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.18. AaribusinessIt refers to the new farming in Britain, because it's equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, and outputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designs to give the maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British ConstitutionThere is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The British Constitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statues.20. Queen Elizabeth IIThe present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the ODDOsitionIn the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader and "shadow cabinet". The aims of the Opposition are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, to seek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the next general election.22. the Privy CouncilFormerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign private ("privy”) advice on the governmentof the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership is about 400.23. Common lawA written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the iuryA legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decide the issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHSThe National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Acts of Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is based upon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help the individual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schoolsState secondary schools which take uuuils without reference to abilitv and provide a wide-ranaina secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school uouulation in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schoolsFee-paying secondary schools which are long-established and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boys' public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls' famous schools include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain? ------- I n 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward's death? ------- It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest? ------- The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences. William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter? ---------- T he Great Charter, or the Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether 63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law of the land;(3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4) London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.5. What do you know about the English Renaissance? ---------- Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th century and spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature was vigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them; (4) English Renaissance literature is chiefly artistic, rather than philosophical and scholarly; (5) the Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and achieved its finest expression in the so-called Elizabethan drama. Its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare.6. Why did the Restoration take place?------- When Oliver Cormwell died in 1658 and was succeeded byhis son, Richard, the regime began to collapse. One of Cromwell's generals occupied London and arranged for new parliamentary elections. The Parliament thus was elected in 1660, and to resolve the crisis, it asked the late king's son to return from his exile in France as king Charles II. It was called the Restoration.7. How did the "Glorious Revolution" break out? What was the significance of it? ------ In 1685 CharlesII died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James, who was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic, He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, no any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. William and his wife Mary were both Protestants and became co-monarchs. They accepted the Bill of Rights. It's the beginning of the age of constitutional monarchy.8. What is your comment on land enclosures in England? ----- Agricultural enclosure became frequent in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It has good as well as bad results: (1) Farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small; (2) more vegetables, more milk and more dairy produce were consumed, and diet became more varied; (3) enclosure was a disaster for the tenants evicted from their lands by the enclosures. They were forced to look for work in towns, which rapidly became hopelessly over crowded. It also lead to mass emigration, particularly to the New World; (4) a new class hostility was introduced into rural relationships. Concentration of land in fewer hands increased the price of land and dashed the labourers' hopes of even owning his own land. Many became wage labourers, earning low rates in spite of agriculture's new prosperity.9. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed? ----------- The Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. It's characterized by a series of inventions and improvements of machines, such as John Ray's flying shuttle, James Hargreaves' spinning Jenny, Richard Arkwright's water frame and Samuel Cropton's mule. The Scottish inventor James Watt produced a very efficient steam engine in 1765, which could be applied to textile and other machinery. The most important element in speeding industrialization was the breakthrough in smelting iron with coke instead of charcoal in 1709. Similar developments occurred in the forging side of the iron industry which enabled iron to replace wool and stone in many sectors of the economy. Improved transportation ran parallel with production. As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the "workshop of the world"; no other country could compete with her in industrial production.10. What do you know about the Chartist Movement and the People's Charter? What's your comment on them? ------ The Chartist Movement was an industrial working class movement that happened in Englandfrom 1836 to 1848. In 1836 a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Men's Association. They drew up a charter of political demands (known as the People's Charter) in 1838, which had six points: (1) the vote for all adult males, (2) voting by secret ballot, (3) equal electoral districts, (4) abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament, (5) payment of members of Parliament, and (6) annual Parliament, with a General Election every June. Support for these six demands was loudly voiced all over the country. Other working men formed Chartist groups throughout the country to press Parliament to accept the 6 points. But Parliament rejected them for three times. In the end, the Chartist Movement failed. It failed because of its weak and divided leadership, and its lack of coordination with trade-unionism. The working class was still immature. The Chartist Movement, however, the first nation wide working class movement and drew attention to serious problems. The 6 points were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although the sixth has never been practical.11. How did the Labour Party come into being? ------ As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century, they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brought about the formation of the Labour Party. The Labour Party had its origins in the Independent Labour Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and Led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labour depended on the trade unions. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small societies set up the Labour Representation Committee (LRC). The LRC changed its name to be Labour Party in time for the general election which was called for 1906. The Labour Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.12. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain? ------ A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty's Government ------------------- a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament. The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government? ------ T he sovereign is the symbol of thewhole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the crown and the "supreme governor" of the established church of England.14. What are the main functions of Parliament? ---------The main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation; (3) to examine government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditure; (4) to debate the major issues of the day.15. Why do the criminal convicts like to be tried first before the magistrates' courts?----- A Magistrates' court tries summary offences and "either way" offences. It is open to the public and the media and usually consists of three unpaid "lay” magistrates. A magistrates' court sits without a jury. The criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt; every possible step is taken to deny to the prosecution any advantage over the defense. No accused person has to answer the questions of the police before trials; he is not compelled to give evidence or to submit to cross-examination in court.16. What does the civil courts system do? ------- The civil courts system does the following jurisdiction: (1) actions founded upon contract and tort; (2) trust and mortgages cases; (3) actions for the recovery of land; (4) cases involving disputes between landlords and tenants; (5) admiralty cases and patent cases; and (7) divorce cases and other family matters.17. What is meant by the term 1'welfare state" in Britain? -------------- The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.18. What is the most important established Church in Britain? How is it related to the Crown andlinked with the State? ------ The most important established Church in Britain is the Church of England. It is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that church and, as "Defender of the Faith", must promise on his or her accession to uphold it. Church of England archbishops, bishops and deans of cathedrals are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Church is also linked with the State through the House of Lords, in which the two archbishops (of Canterbury and \fc)rk), the bishops of London,Durham and Winchester, and 21 other senior bishops of London, Durham and Winchester, and 21 other senior bishops have seats19. What distinguishes the Open University from all other British Universities? --------------- The Open University is non-residential university which is "open" to all to become students. It offers degree and other courses for adult students of all ages in Britain and other member countries of the EU. It was founded in 1969 and began its first courses in 1970. It was a combination of specially produced printed texts, correspondence tuition, television and radio broadcasts and audio/video cassettes. For some courses, there are residential schools. There is a network of study centers for contact with part-time tutors and counselors, and with fellow students.30. What are some of the characteristics of American education? ------- (1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and higher education. (2) Public educations is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. (4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.What are geographic features of Britain?Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It's separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and North Sea in the east. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands, and the east and south east are mostly lowlands.What are the features of British climate?Britain has a maritime climate. Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.The climate in Britain is mainly influenced by three features.1. The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and coolingoff relatively and slowly they bring warm air in winter and cool air in summer.2. The prevailing winds blow over the country all the year round, bringing warm and wet air in winter and keepingthe temperature moderate.3. The North Atlantic Ocean Drift, which is a warm drift, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warmsthem.What measures did Henry II take to centralize power?1. He forced foreign mercenaries to leave England.2. He abolished the annual land tax.3. He took steps to reform the law courts and divided the country into six circuits to increase the power of the King's Court.4. He also planned to reform the church courts, which had the exclusive right of justice over the whole body of the educated men throughout the country.What contributions did Elizabeth I do to Britain?1. Religion compromise. She carried out the religious reform and broke religious ties.2. She successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers.3. She granted charters to English merchants.4. In her reign, the Spanish Armada was destroyed.5. She carried out a foreign policy to prevent England from involving in major European conflicts. It was to this period of time that the English Empire owed its foundation.The Gunpowder Plot of 1605The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies. On November 5, 1605, a few fanatical Catholics attempted to blow King James and his ministers up in the Houses of Parliament where Guy Fawkes had planted barrels of gunpowder in the cellars.The results of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605:The immediate result was the execution of Fawkes and his fellow-conspirators and the imposition of severe anti-Catholic laws. The long-term result has been an annual celebration on November 5, when a bonfire is lit to burn a guy and a firework display is arranged.How did the Civil War break out?It was very reluctantly that the Parliament concluded that the only way it could impress its views on such a king would be to defeat him in a battle, and then impose legal conditions upon him before allowing him to reign again. This idea was important until 1645. On August 22,1642 in a field near Nottingham King Charles raised his standard beneath a glowering sky, and bade all his supporters to join him. Thus the First Civil War began. TheCivil War (also called Revolutionary War or the English Bourgeois Revolution, or the Puritan Revolution) broke out in 1642. The Left Wing of Parliament was composed of free farmers, tradesmen, and artisans of the country towns. They made up the most revolutionary section and were generally known as Roundheads because their hair was cut close to the skin. The English Bourgeois Revolution in its upsurge was also called the Puritan Revolution. The king's support mainly came from the West and the North of England. The king's supporters were generally known as the Cavaliers or Royalists.Cromwell was a country gentleman and Member of the Parliament. He organized a compact army of well disciplined soldiers which became known as the New Model Army. These soldiers were mostly devout Protestants.★King Charles ----Cromwell★The King's men were called Cavaliers, and the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads because of their short haircuts.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, because the King's opponents were mainly Puritan, and his supporters chiefly Episcopalian and Catholic.Consequences of The Civil WarsBecause of the absolute rule of Charles, the confrontation between Charles I and the parliament developed into the civil war. The war began in 1642 and ended in 1651. Charles I was condemned to death.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution. It has been seen as a conflict between the parliament and the King, and a conflict between economic interests of the Crown. The economic interests of the urban middle classed coincided with their religious (Puritan) ideology while the Crown's traditional economic interests correspondingly allied with Anglican religious belief. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.The RestorationWhen Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 and was succeeded by his son, Richard, the regime began to collapse. One of Cromwell's generals occupied London and arranged for new parliamentary elections. The Parliament thus was elected in 1660 resolved the crisis by asking the late King's son to return from his exile in France as King Charles II. It was called the Restoration.The Glorious Revolution of 1688In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution.How did the "Glorious Revolution" break out? What was the significance of it?——When Charles II died in 1685, he was succeeded by his brother, James II. James II was a Catholic and hoped to be able to rule without giving up his personal religious views. But English in 1688 could not tolerate a Catholic as King. The English politicians appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, James' Dutch nephew and the husband of Mary, James' daughter, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in November 1688. On their acceptance of the Bill of Rights (1689), William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.Whigs and ToriesThese two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688).The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whigs were to form a coalition with dissident Tbries in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal Party.The Tbries were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tbries were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830)Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors:(1) Favorable geographical location. Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade;(2) Political stability. Britain had a peaceful society, which, after the 17th century, was increasingly interested in overseas trade and colonies. International trade brought wealth to merchants and city bankers. They and those。
英美概况考试题汇总
英美概况考试题汇总一、英国部分1. 英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
国家元首：女王伊丽莎白二世。
国土面积：24.36万平方公里。
人口：6020万。
首相：戈登·布朗。
分四个部分：英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、北爱尔兰。
首府分别为：伦敦、加迪夫、爱丁堡和贝尔法斯特。
大伦敦市下设一个对的金融城（City of London）和32个城区（London Boroughs）。
2. 英国最长的河流是：塞文河（354公里）；最重要的河流为泰晤士河，流经伦敦，全长346公里。
最大的湖泊讷湖，在北爱尔兰境内，面积396平方公里。
3. 英国的气候主要受北大西洋暖流的影响，属海洋性温带阔叶林气候。
终年温和多雨。
天气易变，难以预测。
4. 1707年英格兰与苏格兰合并，不列颠岛统一。
1801年又与爱尔兰合并。
1922年爱尔兰南部脱离英国统治，成立爱尔兰共和国。
5. 现代英国民族的基本成分是三个日耳曼部族，他们是：盎格鲁、萨克森和朱特。
6. 爱德华一世最后终于在1282年成功征服了威尔士北部和西部的最后一个当地的威尔士公国（大约是今天的安格鲁西郡、凯尔纳冯夏尔郡、麦里昂斯郡、塞勒狄琼郡和凯尔马瑟夏尔郡这块地区），并且在两年之后透过《罗德兰法令》（Statute of Rhuddlan）确立了爱德华一世对此地的统治。
为了平息威尔士人，爱德华一世出生于威尔士的儿子（后来的爱德华二世）在1301年2月7日这天被封为威尔士亲王。
这块直接在王室统治下的地区，便称作威尔士公国（1284年—1536年）。
将威尔士亲王这个头衔封给英国君主的长子便成为了传统，到现今都还持续实行中。
从1284年到1536年之间，英国君主只有对威尔士公国有直接的控制权，而其他边界地区的领主则独立于王权之外（他们统治有威尔士东部和南部地区）。
1536年颁布的《联合法案》才进一步完成了英格兰和威尔士在政治和行政上的统一。
这个联合法案将威尔士划分为13个郡，分别是：安格鲁西郡、布莱根郡、凯尔纳冯郡、卡尔狄更郡、凯尔马瑟郡、丹比夫郡、佛林特郡、葛莱摩根郡、麦里昂斯郡、蒙茅斯郡、蒙哥马里郡、彭布鲁克郡和拉德诺郡。
英美概况试题及答案考研
英美概况试题及答案考研一、选择题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 人民币答案：C4. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月16日D. 11月11日答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的全称是________。
答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的总统任期为________年。
答案：43. 英国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰三、简答题1. 简述英国的地理位置。
答案：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛的北部分、以及周边的许多小岛组成。
2. 描述美国的政治体制。
答案：美国是一个联邦制国家，实行三权分立的政治体制，包括行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。
四、论述题1. 分析英国和美国文化的主要差异。
答案：英国和美国文化的主要差异体现在语言、饮食、教育、法律和娱乐等方面。
例如，英国人更倾向于保守和传统的价值观，而美国人则更加自由和个人主义。
在饮食上，英国人喜欢传统的英式早餐，而美国人则偏爱快餐文化。
2. 讨论英美两国在国际事务中的作用。
答案：英国和美国在国际事务中扮演着重要的角色。
英国是联合国安全理事会的常任理事国之一，对全球政治和经济有着深远的影响。
美国作为世界上最大的经济体，其外交政策和军事行动对全球安全和稳定有着显著的影响。
英美概况英国部分练习题
英美概况英国部分练习题英美概况 - 英国部分练习题英国，位于欧洲西北部的一个岛国，是英联邦成员国之一。
它以其悠久的历史，丰富的文化遗产，以及对现代科技和艺术的贡献而闻名于世。
下面是一些关于英国的练习题，让我们来测试一下你对这个国家的了解吧！1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？a) 伦敦b) 曼彻斯特c) 爱丁堡d) 都柏林2. 英国的国旗是什么颜色的？a) 红色、白色和蓝色b) 红色、白色和绿色c) 红色、白色和黄色d) 蓝色、白色和红色3. 威廉·莎士比亚是英国最著名的戏剧作家之一。
以下哪个是他的作品？a) 《哈姆雷特》b) 《鲁密欧与朱丽叶》c) 《奥赛罗》d) 以上都是4. 英国的皇室家族是？a) 伊丽莎白家族b) 斯图亚特家族c) 神秘家族d) 温莎家族5. 英国最著名的晚餐菜肴之一是什么？a) 鱼和薯条b) 汉堡包c) 比萨饼d) 果酱面包6. 英国的标准货币是什么？a) 欧元b) 英镑c) 美元d) 日元7. 英国最古老的大学是？a) 牛津大学b) 剑桥大学c) 帝国理工学院d) 伦敦城市大学8. 英国传统的下午茶时间通常是在下午几点？a) 1点b) 3点c) 5点d) 7点9. 英国最高的峰是什么？a) 英格兰山b) 威尔士山c) 苏格兰山d) 北爱尔兰山10. 英国最有名的音乐节是？a) 格拉斯顿伯里音乐节b) 皇家艾伯特音乐厅音乐节c) 圣理查德音乐节d) 狂欢节希望你已经作出了选择。
接下来，让我们来看看答案。
答案:1. a) 伦敦2. a) 红色、白色和蓝色3. d) 以上都是4. d) 温莎家族5. a) 鱼和薯条6. b) 英镑7. a) 牛津大学8. b) 3点9. c) 苏格兰山10. a) 格拉斯顿伯里音乐节希望这些问题能帮助你更深入地了解英国。
英国是一个充满魅力的国家，拥有丰富的历史和文化遗产，值得我们去探索和学习。
无论你是对历史、文学、音乐还是其他领域感兴趣，英国都能提供给你丰富的资源和体验。
《英美概况》试题(附答案)word文本
英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth1. The highest mountain in Britain isA. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames2. The longest river in Britain is3. The largest lake in Britain isA. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly fromA. EuropeB. the UnitedC. AfricaD. the West IndiesStates6. The first inhabitants in Britain wereA. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began withA. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, ___actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day __, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 __summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.12. The Hundred Years ' war srttaed in __________ and ended in ________ , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _________ was replaced by king __ .A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in __ in the early _ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In ___, a small group of Puritans sailed from i n the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. ___ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January __ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after __ , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except .A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain ' s foreign trade is mainly with _ .A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every years and there are __ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in .A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include .A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _______________________________ passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. __ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates ' courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London ' s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in ______________________________ and based at first on ____________________________________________________ .A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that __ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend .A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some __ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation ' s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in ___________________A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America ' s most important __________ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that .A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _ .A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _______________ and .A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom ' s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves。
大专英美概况试题及答案
大专英美概况试题及答案1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？A. 纽约B. 伦敦C. 悉尼D. 巴黎答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 7月1日D. 7月7日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国的总统任期是多久？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 8年答案：A5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 美元B. 欧元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国旗被称为什么？A. 星条旗B. 红白蓝旗C. 联合杰克D. 红白旗答案：A7. 英国的哪个城市是世界著名的金融中心？A. 纽约B. 伦敦C. 巴黎D. 法兰克福答案：B8. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：C9. 英国的哪个地区是著名的工业革命发源地？A. 伦敦B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 伯明翰答案：B10. 美国的哪个州是美国人口最多的州？A. 加利福尼亚州B. 德克萨斯州C. 纽约州D. 佛罗里达州答案：A11. 英国的哪个大学是世界上最古老的大学之一？A. 牛津大学B. 剑桥大学C. 哈佛大学D. 耶鲁大学答案：A12. 美国的哪个城市被誉为“天使之城”？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 旧金山答案：A13. 英国的哪个历史事件标志着现代议会制度的诞生？A. 光荣革命B. 工业革命C. 玫瑰战争D. 诺曼征服答案：A14. 美国的哪个总统被认为是最伟大的总统之一？A. 乔治·华盛顿B. 亚伯拉罕·林肯C. 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福D. 约翰·肯尼迪答案：B15. 英国的哪个历史时期是文艺复兴时期？A. 都铎时期B. 维多利亚时期C. 罗马时期D. 诺曼时期答案：A。
精品英美概况 练习题 选择题.doc
选择题（一）1.The full and offlcial name of Great Britain changed into its present-day form in the year ofA.1920B. 1927C. 1914D. 19452.The highest mountain peak in Britain is in .A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland3.The longest river in Britain is .A.River SevernB. River ThamesC. River MerseyD. River Humber4.The largest lake in Britain is located in .A.EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.The highest mountain peak in Britain is called .A.Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell6.The Lake District is well-known for.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three7.Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs8.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in .A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. WalesD. the North Sea（二）1.The seven Conurbations in Britain contain _______ o f the population of the country.A. one-fourthB. one-thirdC. halfD. one-fifth2.The English people are descendants of・A. CeltsB. RomansC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes3.Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest.A. RomanB. Anglo-SaxonC. NormanD. Danish4.London dialect was once disseminated throughout the country NOT because London wasA. a commercial centerB. a political centerC. a printing centerD. a linguistic center5.In the Great Vowel Shift, the pronunciation of the English changed completely.A. short vowels and diphthongsB. long vowels and diphthongsC. short vowelsD. all vowels6.The established church of Britain is.A. The Church of EnglandB. The Church of ScotlandC. Free churchesD. The United Reformed Church7.Which of the following religious sect does not belong to Free Churches?A. The Roman Catholic churchB. Quakers.C. MethodistsD. Baptists8.Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ.9.Scotland has had a separate system.A.legalB. monetaryC. parliamentaryD. postal10.Northern Ireland is tormented by differences between.A.the Irish minority and the Welsh majorityB. the Protestant majority and the Catholic minorityC. the protestant minority and the Catholic majorityD. the Scottish majority and the Irish minority（三）1.By the 1880's the British economy produced of the world's manufactured goods.A.one fourthB. one thirdC. halfD. over half2.By the 1890s. Britain had been overtaken by _____ in economy.A. The US and GermanyB. JapanC. FranceD. Italy3.The British Empire collapsed immediately after the end of・A. the 19th centuryB. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. the 1960s4.Which of the following statements about the UK economy is NOT true?A.Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945B.Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economiesC.There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standardsD.Britain ranks the second in industrial investment abroad5.were characteristic of the British economy in relation to other developed economies.A. Low rates of military expenditureB. Low rates of educational investmentC. Low rates of industrial investmentD. Low rates of scientific experiment6.British economy in the 1970s was characterized by・A. stagnationB. inflationC. recoveryD. stagflation7.Under Mrs. Thatcher, British economy in the 1980s gradually・A. declinedB. recessedC. recoveredD. went down8.Britain is the largest country invested and the investor abroad.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth9.The British beef industry has been hit badly by disease in cattle.A. SARSB. BSEC. AIDSD. None of the above three10.Which of the following companies is the world's largest mining company?A. ShellB. BPC. British GasD. RTZ11.The two companies, McClaren and Williams design and build・A. large ocean shipsB. locomotivesC. racing carsD. aircraft12.Tertiary industries do not include.A. retailingB. insuranceC. electronicsD. banking13.Britain did not adopt the new decimal currency system until 15th February,.A. 1970B. 1971C. 1973D. 197514.The central bank in Britain is・A. LloydB. BarclayC. MidlandD. the Bank of EnglandB. the LabourC. The Liberal DemocraticD. The Toryyears.（四）1.Which of the following statement is NOT true of British political system?A.Britain has no written constitutionB. Britain is a federal stateC.Britain still keeps an old-fashioned governmentD.British government is established on the basis of constitutional monarchy2.is the second most powerful person in Britain.A.The Prime MinisterB. Mr. SpeakerC. The Lord ChancellorD. The Queen3. A bill that deals with finance is always introduced・A.by the Chancellor of the ExchequerB. in the House of LordsC. in the House of CommonsD. in the Privy Council4.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of.A. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the House of CommonsD. the House of Lords5.The British government ministers are responsible to for the work of their department.A. the House of LordsB. ParliamentC. the CabinetD. the Privy Council6.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of・A. the House of LordsB. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. Parliament7.Most of the offices were founded・A. before the 19th centuryB. after the 19th centuryC. before the 20th centuryD. during the 20th century8.Civil servants who are concerned with administration are forbidden.A. to be voters at electionsB. to be candidates for parliamentC.to continue their work when government changesD.to compete with others for a higher rank9.The Cabinet meets in one of the rooms in the Prime Minister's official residence, No.10 Downing Street.A. regularlyB. irregularlyC. twice a weekD. once a month10.Whenever a person is made a minister of Cabinet rank, he or she is made a member ofA. ParliamentB. the House of LordsC. the House of CommonsD. the Privy Council（五）1.The Conservative and the Labour parties have been in power by turns ever since・A. the end of the 19th centuryB. the end of the First World WarC. the end of the Second World WarD. the end of the 1960s2.is seen as the party of the “middle,” occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties.A. The Conservative3.The general election in Britain is held everyA. 3B.4C.5D.64.Which group of people cannot be voters in the general election?A.the UK citizens above the age of 18B.the UK resident citizens of the Irish RepublicC.lords in the House of LordsD.members in the House of Commons5.The deposit a candidate has to pay is supposed to.A. raise money for the electionB. prevent people from running just for a jokeC. prevent the poor from entering ParliamentD. encourage the rich to run6.Which of the following is the duty of a Returning Officer in a constituency?A. Compiling a register of votersB. Nominating candidatesC. Deciding the party platformD. Winning the election for his own party7.The party that has the majority of seats in ______ will form the government.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the Privy CouncilD. the Cabinetmon law in Britain may be said to consist of.A. acts passed by ParliamentB. ordinary lawsC. previous court decisionsD. cabinet decisions9.Serious cases arising in trade and maritime affairs in Britain are dealt with by・A.the family Division of the High Court of JusticeB.the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of JusticeC.the Chancery Division of the High Court of JusticeD.the House of Lords10.The supreme civil trial court in Scotland is.A.the sheriff courtB.the Inner House of the Court of SessionC.the Outer House of the Court of SessionD.the Criminal Session11.Which of the punishment forms for criminals in Britain was abolished in 1969?A. Life imprisonmentB. Big finesC. ProbationD. Death penalty for murder12.Which is true of Borstal institutions for young offenders in Britain?A.They are just like ordinary prisonsB.They are just like ordinary schoolsC.They provide courses of trainingD.They are called "approved schools”13.All police forces in Britain outside London are supported and paid by.A. the central governmentB. county councilsC. district councilsD. the Metropolitan Police14.The famous ^Scotland Yard” refers to.A. CIAB. CIDC. New Scotland YardD. House of Parliament15.The operation zone of the Metropolitan Police covers・A. the City of LondonB. Inner LondonC. Outer LondonD. Greater London（六）1.The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the・A.CeltsB. GaelsC. IberiansD. Brythons2.From 700 B.C. the Celts came from the and began to inhabit British Isles.A.Iberian PeninsulaB. Upper RhinelandC. Lower RhinelandD. Scandinavian countries3.In A.D. 43 Romans under conquered Britain.A.Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. AugustineD. the Pope4.Roman Britain lasted until the year of when all Roman troops went back to thecontinent.A. A.D. 400B. A.D. 410C. A.D. 445 D. A.D. 4495.Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Romans?A. Welsh ChristianityB. The Roman RoadsC. CitiesD. Roman Settlements6.In the middle of the fifth century, Anglo-Saxons came from the region of and theLow Countries and settled in Britain.A. DenmarkB. NorwayC. GermanyD. Holland7.By the end of the century all England had been Christianized.A. 5thB. 6thC. 7thD. 8th8.Which of the following kingdoms was NOT set up by Angles?A. NorthumbriaB. MerciaC. East AngliaD. Kent9.Which of the following kingdoms was set up by the Jutes?A. KentB. SussexC. WessexD. Essex10.In the late century the Danes or Scandinavians began to attack the English coast.A. 6thB. 7thC. 8thD. 9th11.The new aristocracy, the thegn, had appeared by the century in Britain.A. 9thB. 10thC. 11thD. 12th12.Edward had promised his kingdom to, but on his deathbed he changed his idea and gave the kingdom to. This led to the Norman Conquest of 1066.A. William, HaroldB. Harold, WilliamC. Matilda, StephenD. Stephen, Matilda13.Doomsday Book was in fact a record of each man's・A. experienceB. behaviorC. propertyD. reputation14.The war between Matilda and Stephen resulted in the establishment of the House ofA. TudorB. NormandyC. PlantagenetD. Lancaster15.The Great Charter was made in the interest of・A. the KingB. the feudal lordsC. the townsmenD. the merchants16.The first British parliament was summoned in the year of・A. 1215B. 1265C.1295D. 1343（七）unched the Hundred Years' War.A.Edward IB. Edward IIC. Edward IIID. Henry HI2.Which of the following statements was NOT ture?A.Hundred Years' War was a feudal war.B.Hundred Years' War was a trade war.C.Hundred Years' War lasted for one hundred years.D.Hundred Years War is one of the historical events that marked the decline of feudalism in Britain3.From onward, Parliament was divided into two chambers.A. 1337B. 1343C. 1453D. 14554.Black Death to some extent brought to villains.A. higher wagesB. greater freedomC. bitter lifeD. both A and B5.The Statutes of Laborers issued by the government of Edward III introduced cruel punishments for those ___ .A. who demanded higher wagesB. who workedC.who hated the ministers, lawyers and landlordsD.who refused to work6.In 1381, peasants in first rebelled.A. SussexB. EssexC. WessexD. Kent7.Wars of Roses were fought between the Lancastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to1465.A. ConstantlyB. irregularlyC. ContinuouslyD. intermittently8.During the Wars of Roses common people were ______ affected.A. greatlyB. muchC. a littleD. little9.The House of Tudor was founded in _____ .A. 1455B. 1465C.1475D. 148510.The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the country.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD.18th11.Which of the following statement about the Renaissance is NOT true?A.The renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages had cared about.B.The renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists.C.The renaissance spread into England under the Tudors.D.During the renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth.12.The two countries jus before the outbreak of the Bourgeois Revolution were a period ofA. capital accumulationB. colonization abroadC. foreign territorial expansionD. Enlightment13.Which of the following is NOT true of Puritans?A.Puritans were Christians.B.Puritans were opposed to Charles I and his ideasC.Puritans wished to purify the Church of EnglandD.Puritans chose William Laud as archbishop14.Charles I ruled without Parliament for years.A. 10B. 11C.12D.1315.The Commoners who drew up the Grand Remonstrance・A.were arrested by Charles IB.were killed by Charles IC.had already escaped before Charles I burst into parliamentD.had resigned from Parliament16.The king's men at the beginning of the First civil War were called.A. CavaliersB. RoundheadsC. PuritansD. Presbyterians17.The First Civil War lasted for years.A. 3B.4C.5D.618.The Second Civil War was fought in the year of.A. 1646B.1647C. 1648D. 164919.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Commonwealth period?A.Cromwell suppressed the diggers.B.Cromwell killed Levelers in the armyC.Cromwell conquered IrelandD.Cromwell restored the House of Stuart20.The "Glorious Revolution” of 1688 put on the throne.A. Charles IB. Charles IIC. James IID. William of Orange(A)1.The British Industrial Revolution first began in the _____ industry.A. iron and steelB. textileC. coal miningD. ship-building2.______ invented the “spinning Jenny.”A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt3.As a result of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Productivity was greatly increasedB. Unskilled workers were employedC. Many new cities sprang up.D. Workers9 living and working conditions were improved4.One of the Corn Laws placed a ban on ___________ import when the price fell below 50 shillings per quarter.A. cornB. wheatC. barleyD. any food5.The term “Rotten Boroughs” means・A. boroughs that had gone rottenB. dirty boroughsC.boroughs in which there were no inhabitantsD.constituencies that were represented in the House of Commons though there was not an in habitant in it6.The People's Charter was not・A. a long document drawn up by workers organized in the London Workingman's Association in 1837B.accepted by ParliamentC.endorsed at gigantic meetingsD.presented to parliament7.The failure of the Chartist Movement was caused by the following reasons except.A. divided leadershipB. a strong party with socialism as its programC.influence of Utopian and petty-bourgeois ideologiesD.immaturity of the working class8.The Ten-Hour Act prohibited to work in any factory longer than tem hours 5 days.A. skilled workersB. unskilled workersC. young persons and femalesD. all workers9.The author of Wealth of Nations is・A. Adam SmithB. David RicardoC. Thomas MalthusD. Robert Owen10.The principle of population was formulated by・A. Adam SmithB. David RicardoC. Thomas MalthusD. Robert Owen（九）1.The first British colony was・A. New EnglandB. NewfoundlandC. West IndiesD. India2.Which of following is NOT true of the Indian Mutiny?A. The rebels burnt opiumB. The rebels killed British officersC. The rebels set free political prisonersD. The rebels burned down garrisons3.The British colonists force the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842.A. PeckingB. NankingC. TientsinD. Canton4.The British Empire reached the peak of its colonial expansion after the・A. Anglo-Boer WarB. the First Opium WarC. World War ID. World War II5.Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism?A. Foreign territorial expansionB. Export of capitalC. Free competitionD. Monopoly6.Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance?A. GermanyB. FranceC. Austria-HungaryD. Italy7.Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Entente?\A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy8.Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in the 1930's?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low9.In the 1930s, the League of Nation s was controlled by・A. Russia and the USB. Britain and the USC. Britain and FranceD. Germany and Britain10.The Munich Agreement was a non-aggression pact between・A. CzechoslovakiaB. the USC. Britain and FranceD. Britain and Russia11.In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?A. 1939B. 1940C.1941D.194212.The British Commonwealth of Nations is a organization.A. militaryB. culturalC. economicD. phony13.Which of the following terms best describe the economic situation of Britain in the 1970s?A. DevaluationB. InflationC. StagflationD. Debts14.The underlying aim of Thatcherism is.A. nationalizationB. denationalizationC. cutting wagesD. increasing public expenditure15.Mrs. Thatcher failed to win the general election in 1990 mainly because if・A.the slow development of the British economyB.the high inflationC.the high rate of unemploymentD.the high rate of taxes16.China and Britain established the diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial rank in the year of.A. 1950B. 1954C.1972D.1997（十）1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?cation in Britain is carried out in three stagescation in Britain is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 16C.All children go to state schools in BritainD.All state schools in Britain are non-fee paying institutions2.Which of the following examinations is NOT for secondary schooling?A. CSEB. "O" Level of GCEC. “A” Level of GCED. eleven plus3.Universities that were founded between 1850 and 1930 are called universities.A. OxbridgeB. RedbrickC. NewD. Old4.All universities in Britain are.A. state institutionsB. private institutionsC. research-oriented institutionsD. founded before World War II5.The main responsibility for administering education in Britain is left to・A.the Department of Education and ScienceB.Local Education AuthoritiesC.Local CouncilsD.Board of governors6.The examinations for the GCE are conducted by・A. the public authorityB. each schoolC. examining boardsD. universities7.Entry to universities in Britain is・A. compulsoryB. competitiveC. non-competitiveD. arranged by LEAs8.All teachers in the state system must・A. be advanced level teachersB. be university graduatesC. get a MA degreeD. spend some time in the department or school of education of a university9.Supplements are paid to teachers who・A.work hardB.have first or second class honors degreesC.have third class honors degreesD.have posts of special responsibility outside the school10.The term form early September to mid-December is known as・A. Christmas TermB. Easter TermC. Summer TermD. Spring Term11.University terms are・A. longerB. shorterC. larger in numberD. smaller in number12.The general grant needed by state schools in Britain is provided by・A. the TreasuryB. the Local Education AuthoritiesC. LEAsD. The Education Committees of the local councils13.In Britain, most children start their schooling at the age of 5 in a (an)school.A. nurseryB. juniorC. infantD. public14.Pupils with the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination go to schools.A. grammarB. secondary modernC. comprehensiveD. public15.“Co・ educational” means・A. with boys and girls mixed togetherB. with boys onlyC. with girls onlyD. with cooperation between boys and girls16.Those who do well in the examination of can go on to university for study.A. "O" Level of GCEB. "A" Levels of GCEC. CSED. eleven plus17.Independent schools are schools that・A.operate outside the state school systemB.have independent public fundsC.are free from the inspections of the Ministry of Education and ScienceD.are independent in deciding their own teaching curriculuml.BBADA DAC2.BCCDB AADAB3.BACC C DCABD CCBD4.BBCCB DCBADCC B AACBC DCBBD6.CBBBD ACDAC BACCBBBD D BDDDC AADBC ABCDD8.BADBD BBCAC9.BABAC BDDCC CDCBC C10.CDBBBCBDBA AACAA BA。
英美概况考试题目及答案
英美概况考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 巴黎B. 伦敦C. 纽约D. 华盛顿特区答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 4月17日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国最大的城市是哪个？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：B5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：B7. 英国的哪个城市是著名的文化和艺术中心？A. 爱丁堡B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 格拉斯哥答案：A8. 美国的哪个州被誉为“黄金之州”？A. 德克萨斯州B. 加利福尼亚州C. 佛罗里达州D. 纽约州答案：B9. 英国的哪位君主在位时间最长？A. 伊丽莎白一世B. 维多利亚女王C. 乔治三世D. 伊丽莎白二世答案：D10. 美国的哪个国家公园以其壮观的峡谷景观而闻名？A. 黄石国家公园B. 大峡谷国家公园C. 优胜美地国家公园D. 阿卡迪亚国家公园答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 英国是由______、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。
答案：英格兰12. 美国的首都华盛顿特区是为了纪念美国的第一位总统______而命名的。
答案：乔治·华盛顿13. 英国的国花是______。
答案：玫瑰14. 美国的宪法规定了______个分支的政府。
答案：三15. 英国的______是英国君主的正式住所，也是英国王室的行政总部。
答案：白金汉宫16. 美国的______是该国最大的河流系统，流经美国的中部大平原。
答案：密西西比河17. 英国的______是该国最大的政党之一，传统上与劳动阶级联系在一起。
答案：工党18. 美国的______是该国最高法院的所在地，也是司法部门的象征。
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《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan 6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France e xcept the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the <ST1laceName w:st="on">New</ST1laceName> <ST1laceType w:st="on">Land</ST1laceType>.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the <ST1laceName w:st="on">Rio Grande</ST1laceName> <ST1laceType w:st="on">River</ST1laceType>D. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the <ST1laceName w:st="on">Louisiana</ST1laceName> <ST1laceType w:st="on">Territory</ST1laceType>C. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. D 61.C 62. B 63.D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them, the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.8. _____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to ______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former were the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.21. _______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include______, ______ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official ______, with its own leader and “______ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _____ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _____ persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _____, national insurance and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and _____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in _____.45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ______.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26.innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-AmericansIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian’s Wall:2. Alfred the Great3. William the Conqueror4. the battle of Hastings5. Domesday Book6. the Great Charter7. the Hundred Years’ War8. Joan of Arc9. the Black Death10. the Wars of Roses11. Bloody Mary12. Elizabeth I13. Oliver Cromwell14. the Bill of Rights15. Whigs and Tories16. James Watt17. Winston Churchill18. Agribusiness19. the British Constitution20. Queen Elizabeth II21. the Opposition22. the Privy Council23. common law24. the jury25. the NHS26. comprehensive schools27. public schools28. the Great Lakes29. New England30. baby boom31. the Chinese Exclusion Act32. the Bill of Rights33. the Emancipation Proclamation34. the Constitutional Convention35. the Progressive Movement36. the Peace Conference37. the Truman Doctrine:38. the Marshall Plan39. the New Frontier40. checks and balances:IV. Answer briefly the following questions:1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?5. What do you know about the English Renaissance?6. Why did the Restoration take place?7. How did the “Glorious Revolution” break out? What was the significance of it?8. What is your comment on land enclosures in England?9. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed?10. What do you know about the Chartist Movement and the People’s Charter? What’s your comment on them?11. How did the Labour Party come into being?12. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?14. What are the main functions of Parliament?15. Why do the criminal convicts like to be tried first before the magistrates’ courts?16. What does the civil courts system do?17. What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?18. What is the most important established Church in Britain? How is it related to the Crown and linked with the State?19. What distinguishes the Open University from all other British Universities?20. Say something about the three immigration waves.21. Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?22. What were the causes of the War of Independence?23. What was unusual about the Article of Confederation? What was the struggle at the Constitutional Convention? How was the conflict solved?24. Why did the Civil War break out? How did the war end?25. What were the contents of the New Deal?26. What was the impact of the Vietnam War-on American society?27. Who was McCarthy and what was McCarthyism?28. What is counterculture? What are some of the forms of counterculture?29. What are the functions of the Congress?30. What are some of the characteristics of American education?。