英美概况习题
英美概况课后习题答案
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies men tioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英美概况习题答案
英美概况习题答案英美概况习题答案英美概况是学习英美文化和历史的基础，对于英语学习者来说，了解英美概况不仅可以帮助他们更好地理解英语语言和文化，还可以拓宽他们的国际视野。
下面是一些关于英美概况的习题及其答案，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
1. 英国的首都是哪里？答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的首都是哪里？答案：华盛顿特区。
3. 英国的国旗是什么颜色？答案：红色、白色和蓝色。
4. 美国的国旗有多少颗星星？答案：50颗。
5. 英国的国歌是什么？答案：《上帝保佑女王》。
6. 美国的国歌是什么？答案：《星条旗永不落》。
7. 英国的国家动物是什么？答案：狮子。
8. 美国的国家动物是什么？答案：白头海雕。
9. 英国的货币单位是什么？答案：英镑。
10. 美国的货币单位是什么？答案：美元。
11. 英国的国教是什么？答案：英国国教（圣公会）。
12. 美国的国教是什么？答案：美国没有国教，宪法保障宗教自由。
13. 英国的国会叫什么？答案：英国议会。
14. 美国的国会叫什么？答案：美国国会。
15. 英国的最高法院是什么？答案：英国最高法院。
16. 美国的最高法院是什么？答案：美国最高法院。
17. 英国有几个地区？答案：四个地区，分别是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
18. 美国有几个州？答案：50个州。
19. 英国的最长河流是什么？答案：塔普河（Thames River）。
20. 美国的最长河流是什么？答案：密西西比河（Mississippi River）。
这些习题涵盖了英美概况的一些基本知识点，希望能够帮助大家更好地了解英美文化和历史。
当然，英美概况远不止这些，还有很多有趣的知识等待我们去探索和学习。
希望大家能够保持对英美概况的兴趣，并不断深入学习，提高自己的英语水平和跨文化交流能力。
英美概况习题集
英美概况习题集英美概况考试题⽬⼤全Chaper1 Philosophy of western civilization1. The ancient Greeks believed that a unity underlies the diversity of people, animals, plants and inanimate objects. The philosophy of that time relied on __human reason not on mythology or divine beings, different from the previous philosophy.2. Not all Greek philosophers agreed with the Rationalists. One major group who doubted that human reason could understand Nature was called _skeptics_.3. Some of Aristotle’s ideas held western thinking back for a very long time: such as the belief that women were “incomplete”men and that _the earth was the center of the universe4. The French word “renaissance” means “_rebirth_” in English.5. Descartes (1596-1650) was the modern father of Rationalism and he claimed that reason was the only path to knowledge.“I think; therefore, I am6. The_18th_century is sometimes called the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.7. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), a German, believed that moral action should come from a strong _superhero after God was “dead”.8. _Jean-Paul Sartre declined the Nobel Prize for Literature on the grounds that it would make his writings too influential9. Charles Peirce (1839-1940) developed four methods people use to hold onto their beliefs: _tenacity; authority; speculation; scientific method10. John Dewey (1859-1952) implemented his version of Pragmatism in the education systemChaper2 Geography of the United Kingdom1. The two large islands that make up the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, _Scotland and Wales.3. UK is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel between England and France in the south and _the North Sea in the east.4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands.5. The second largest and most important river in UK is the Thames River_.6. The _North Atlantic Drift_, which is a warm current, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.7. Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain is located in _Scotland_.8. The largest lake in the British Isles is _Laugh Neagh.9. Many Scottish names begin with Mc or Mac, which means “_Son of_”in Gaelic, the old Celtic language of the Scots. 10. The longest river in UK is the Severn, which rises in northeast Wales and flows east through England and south into the Bristol Channel.Chaper3 History of the United Kingdom1. The first known inhabitants in the British Isles are collectively known as the Iberians, although they themselves consisted of different peoples.2. Two of the early invading cultures underlie much of modern British history and culture: The Celts and the Anglo-Saxon_.3. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion_. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In4.the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully.5. For nearly 400_years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.6. The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.7. The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. But in 597, St. Augustine converted the heathen English to Christianity.8. The early Anglo-Saxons created the Witan to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.9. King Alfred_, also titled as “Alfred the Great”, founded astrong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”.10. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings_,William defeated Harold and killed him. Then William was crowned king of England.11. After Norman Conquest, people in Britain spoke three majorlanguages: Latin, French, and “Old English.1. The _B_ was established soon after Henry II succeeded to thethrone.a. House of Yorkb. House of Plantagenetc. House of Normandyd.House of Tudor2. The founder of the English legal system and the common lawwas _B_.a. Henry Ib. Henry IIc. Stephend. Matilda3. The parliament became a regular agency of the governmentunder A_.A. Henry III b. Simon de Montfort c. Edward I c. EdwardII4. Wales was conquered by _A_.a. Edward Ib. Edward IIc. Henry IIId. Richard I5. The Great Charter includes all the following points except that__D__.a. No tax should be made without the approval of the councilb. No freemen should be arrested except by the law of landc. If the king attempted to free himself from law the vassals hadthe right to force the king to obeyd. The vassals had the sole power to levy a tax on people6. The War of Roses started between two most influential rivals,the family of Lancaster and the Duke of York. Their ultimate goal was for the possession of _B_.A. power b. the Crown c. wealth D. territory7. The Wars of the Roses ended in 1485 with the accession of _A_,the first king of the House of Tudor.A. Henry VI b. Henry VIII c. John of Gaunt d.Edward IV8. It is said that _guns and gunpowder were first used in theHundred Year’s War. This greatly reduced the effectiveness of the English cavalry.9. Which of the following was NOT a result of the HundredYears’War? DA. It spurred the development of woolen textile industryB. It cut down the strength of the feudal lordsC. the Normans began to regard England as their homeD.England ceded some colonies to France10. The Middle Ages in England ended with _B_.a. The Norman Conquestb. the beginning of the TudorMonarchy c. the beginning of Parliament d. the Peasant Uprising11.In _1558_, Elizabeth I’s navy defeated the Spanish Armada.12. The direct cause of Religious Reformation in England was that_C_.A. the Pope wanted more revenue from EnglandB. the Pope wanted England to make up with France after theHundred Years’WarC. Henry VIII decided to divorce his wife Catharine and the Poperejected itD.The Pope refused to appoint Henry VIII as head of the Churchof England.13. England first became a sea power in the time of __D_.a. Anneb. Victoriac. Georged. Elizabeth14. James I clung to the theory of the _B_.A. trial by ordeal b. Divine Right of Kings C. rule by law D.separation of powers15. Guy Fawkes Day is one of the most regularly observednational holidays in England on _A_.a. November 5thb. October 5thc. November 8thd. October 8th16. In religion, Cromwell was an earnest __C_.a. Catholicb. Presbyterianc. Puritand. Muslin17. In 1620, about 100 Puritans started for America in ship named“May flower”.18. The Industrial Revolution started in __D_.A.Canada b. the US c. Australia d. the Great Britain19. The People’s Charter passed during the Chartist Movement was mainly concerned with __B_.A.improving the working condition of industrial workersB.political reforms, especially with regard to the election systemC.further industrial developmentD.condemnation of British imperialism20. Britain declared war on Germany in August, 1914 when Germany invaded _C_.A. France b. Poland c. Belgium d. Serbia21. When Ireland (with the exception of its six northern countries) achieved independence in 1922, the United Kingdom was renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.22. during the 1919 Versailles Peace Treaty, American president Woodrow Wilson wanted to establish an international political organization, _ the League of Nations_, to ensure that a global war would never happen again.23. In Britain, the voting rights was expanded to all men over 21 and all women over 30 in _1918_; the voting rights was expanded to all women over 21 in _1928__.24. The first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is _Robert Walpole_; the present Prime Minister is David Cameron.25. From _the Hanoverian Kings_ onwards, English history is dominated by prime ministers instead of kings or queens. Thisroyal family changed its name to current, more British-sounding name _the House of Windsor_ during the War I.Chaper7 Geography of the United States1. the most important and largest river in the United States of America is _D_.A. the Ohio RiverB. the Colorado RiverC. The MissouriD. the Mississippi River2. To the west of mainland America lays the _B_.A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean3. The US produces more than 40% of the world’s _B_.A. Wheat and riceB. soybeans and cornC. Tobacco and vegetable oilD. cotton4. Indians emigrated from Asia and they were the earliest settlers in American continent.5. The Five Great Lakes are an excellent example of the direct effects of_glaciations_within this region. These lakes contain nearly _95%_of the fresh surface water in the US and about _18%_ of the world’s fresh water. They are all located between Canada and the Us except Lake__Michigan_.6. The_Appalachian_Mountains were uplifted by multiple collisions of both small and large crustal plates mainly about 300 million years ago; theRocky__Mountains and the Pacific Coast were formed by the interaction of the westward-moving North American tectonic plate and the eastward-moving portions of the Pacific tectonic plate.7. The Mount Rushmore is located within the state of South Dakota_.8. The biggest car-making center, also called the City of Cars is __c_A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. DetroitD. Houston9. The largest center of oil industry, also called the City of Oil in the world is _D_.10. The City of Films, the location of Hollywood, is Los Angeles_.11. The largest state in area is_Alaska_and the smallest one is Rhode Island_. But on the mainland Texas is the largest state of the country.Chapter 8 History of the United States1．The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of England.2. The motto of the American colonies was “No taxation without representation”.3. during the American Civil War, the first South state to withdraw from the US was South Carolina.4. The war of 1812is sometimes called the “Second War for Independence”.5. at the beginning of the First World War, the United States pursued a policy of neutrality.6.The United States did not join the Second World War directly until Pearl Harbor incident in December, 1941.7. In September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the US.8. Martin Luther King delivered his most famous speeches on August 28, 1863 in Washington, D.C.9. Franklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called New Deal.10. The US president is elected by an Electoral College.1. Which of the following was NOT a New England colony? DA. ConnecticutB. New HampshireC. MassachusettsD. Maryland2. The French and Indian War was a war fought between ___C____.A. the French and IndiansB. the English and IndiansC. the French and EnglishD. the English and the Spanish3. The Second Continental Congress was held in ____C___.A New York City B. Boston C. Philadelphia D. Valley Forge5. by ___C_, the United States had finished its territorial expansion in the Continent.A. the late 18th centuryB. the early 19th centuryC. the middle 19th centuryD. the late 19th century6. Richard Nixon resigned in 1974 because of __C___.A. the Great DepressionB. the Black Power MovementC. the Watergate ScandalD. his Isolation Policy7. The American soldiers who returned after World War II resulted in A.A. baby-boomB. family break-upsC. unemploymentD. the Cold War8. The capital of United States is named after __C___.A. George WashingtonB. Christopher ColumbusC. Bothe A and BD. Neither A nor B9. The first British Colony established on America in 1607 is __A___A. JamestownB. Boston HarborC. PhiladelphiaD. Lexington10. In 1783,the United States and the United Kingdom was held signed ___B__ to end the War of Independence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Treaty of PairsC. Treaty of LondonD. None of the above11. __B_ marks the turning point of American Civil War.A. The Homestead ActB. Battle of GettysburgC. Saratoga VictoryD. The Battle of Lexington12. The decision of establishing the United Nations was made at _B_A. the Tehran ConferenceB. the Yalta ConferenceC. the Postman ConferenceD. none of the above13. China and United States established diplomatic relations in _C__A. Feb.1972B. Dec.1978C. Jan.1979D. Aug.1982Chaper1 Philosophy of western civilization Rationalism----Rationalism refers to the idea that reason was the only path to knowledge. The world is rational and man can resort to human reason to understand Nature.The Middle Ages----After the Greco-Roman Age, Christianity dominated western philosophy. The Christian dominated era in Western Europe is called “the Middle Ages” (ca 476A.D.-ca 1400A.D.), or the Medieval Period, a thousand-year-feudal era which occurred between Antiquity and the Modern Age. Throughout the middle Ages, most thinking was devoted to religious interpretation, or the study of theology.The Renaissance----The French word “renaissance”means “rebirth”in English. It refers to the rebirth of knowledge in Europe,particularly the rediscovery of the Greco-Roman texts. This era was characterized by changes in all areas of human endeavor, based on a new humanism which focused on Man. Gradually observation and systematic experimentation expressed in mathematical terms replaced medieval scholasticism and religious faithWhat are the contrasts between eastern and western philosophical traditions?Three characteristics can be identified. In the East, philosophy has had a longer history; it was founded on the oral tradition; and it contained principles to live by. In the West, philosophy is “younger”; it was recorded in written form; and it made claims supported by logical or empirical argumentsChaper2 Geography of the United KingdomThe Thames River: The Thames River is the second largest and most important river in Britain. It is 336 kilometers long, rising in Southwest England and flowing through England and out into the North Sea. It flows rather slowly, which is very favorable for water transportationThe Chunnel: In 1985 the Britain government and French govern decided to build a channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel”, under The Straits of Dover so that England and French could be joined together by road. The Chunnel was open to traffic in May 1994.Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?Although it seems that people are always complaining about the weather in Britain because it is rainy and changeable and unpredictable, the climate in Britain is in General a favorable one. It has a favorable maritime type of climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot, and it has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature. The average temperature in winter in the north is 4~6 ℃and in summer in the south is12~17℃.So even in winter one can still see stretches of green grass on the open country, in the parks and around the houses.Chaper3 History of the United KingdomHeptarch----during the Anglo-Saxon’s time, Britain was divided into many kingdoms, among which there were seven principal kingdoms: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessel, East Anglia, Mercia and North UmbriaThe Norman Conquest ----The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Contents and the significance of the Great Charter.Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons. It consists of sixty-three clauses.Its important provisions are as follows: (1) no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property; (3) the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.The Hundred Years' War and its consequencesThe Hundred Years’War refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453. The causes of the war were partly territorial and partly economic. The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which were the importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides, England's desire to stop France from giving aid to Scots and a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.The Engli sh’s is being driven out of France is regarded as a blessing for both countries. If the English had remained in France, the superior size and wealth of France would have hindered the development of a separate English national identity, while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory.Distinctive features of the English Renaissance1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics;2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history elsewhere in Europe;3) Owing to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer, the native literature was sufficiently vigorous and experienced in assimilating for foreign influences without being subjected by them;4) English Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.The Glorious Revolution of 1688In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious belief. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. Whigs and ToriesThese two party names originated with the Glorious Revolution (1688)The Whig was those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Whig were to form a coalition with dissident Tories in the mid-19th century and become the Liberal PartyThe Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party. .A People’s CharterThere was widespread dissatisfaction with the Reform Act of 1832 and the New Poor Law. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the London Working Men’s Association. They drew up a charter of political demands(a People’s Charter) in 1838, with the intention of presenting it to Parliament. It had six points: (1)the vote for all adult males;(2)voting by secret ballot; (3)equal electoral districts; (4)abolition of property qualifications for members of Parliament;(5)payment of members of Parliament; (6)annual Parliaments, with a General Election every June.Chaper7 Geography of the United States12. How many types of climate can be found in the United States? Six types of climate can be found in the United States. They are 1) the humid continental climate in the north-eastern part of the country, 2) the humid subtropical climate in the south-eastern part, 3) the continental steppe (⼤草原）climate of the Great Plains, 4) the continental desert climate of the intermountain region, 5) the maritime climate in the north-western part of Pacific coast and 6) the Mediterranean climate in the southern Pacific coast.Chapter 8 History of the United States1. Checks and balances -------Each of the three branches of the government ——the legislative, the executive and the judicial ——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.2. Emancipation Proclamation -----On September 22, 1862 during American Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective onJanuary 1, 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.3. the New Deal------ it was put forward by American President Roosevelt who wanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression at that time. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up some efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to "save American democracy" and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of the capitalist system up to that time.4. The Puritans----- (1)The Puritans were wealthy , well-educated gentlemen . They wanted to purify the Church of England .(2) Dissatisfied with the political corruption in England and threatened with religious persecution , the Puritan Leaders saw the New World as a refuge provided by God for those He meant to save . So in March,1630 , the great Puritan migration began . (3) The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. They went to America to establish what they considered the one true church. / Puritan tradition also involved a respect for learning which led to the establishment of schools and the spread of literacy.Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties inthe United States today？There nave been four periods in the history of the two party system in the United States. （1）During the Ratification period，the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights，the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. （2）After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson，the Democratic - Republican Party split. The party led by Jackson was called Democratic Party and the party agaist Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified，the majority of the Whig Party，part of the democrats，and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. （3）From 1860s to 1920s，the Republican Party dominated the political scene.（4）From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s，the Democratic Party was dominant，with short interruptions.Traditionally，the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism，defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.2. In US, some people are called the religious right or the Christian right. What are their characteristics?They assert that the US is a Christian country; they argue that the Bible takes precedence over scientific findings, and so want to prevent the teaching evolution in schools and are skeptical about global warming. They are ready to adopt a “holy”war against Muslims. Some racists feel the Bible justifies white dominance and oppose abortion and any teaching about sexuality or family planning in schools. They are very troubled by the increasing recognition of homosexual partnerships.。
新版英美概况复习习题_
新版英美概况复习习题_新版英美概况习题英国部分：一、名词解释1.The City of London2.King Harold3.The Vikings4.King Arthur5.King Alfred6.The Anglo-Saxons7.General election8.Prime minister9.Divine right of the king10.Oxbridge11.The Bill of Rights of 168912.The function of the parliament13.Different classes of Great Britain14.Elizabethan Drama15.Wuthering Heights16.Grammar schools17.tertiary industries18.The open university19.Christmas20.Football hooligans21.The invasion of the Romans22.The Great Charter/Magna Carta23.The Glorious Revolution24.the Battle of Hastings二、简答题1.The Canterbury T ales2.William Shakespeare3.relative decline of the UK economy4.Robert Burns5.Wimbledon International Tennis Championship6.Soccer7.the Easter Rising8.Robert the Bruce9.Boxing Day10.Halloween11.Robin Hood12.Union Jack13.Hereditary peers14.Easter uprisings15.The full name of the UK and the capital of each part16.The Romantic poets17.The Industrial Revolution18.Public schools19.One Hundred Years’ War20.General election21.the “Three Circles” foreign policy三、论述题1.The relation between the Queen and the government2.The establishment of the colonies of the UK3.The classes of the UK4.The relative decline of Great Britain美国部分：一、名词解释1.Puritans2.The Declaration of Independence3.George Washington4.Benjamin Franklin5.California Gold Rush6.The Bill of Rights7.Eli Whitney8.Wall Street9.an indentured servant/doc/d316531671.html,pulsory education of the USA11.Segregation Law12.Melting pot13.Michael Jordan14.The purchase of Alaska二、简答题1.The establishment of Virginia2.The Articles of Confederation3.The three branches of the American government4.The American Industrial Revolution5.James Fenimore Cooper6.Mark Twain7.American Civil War8.The New Deal9.The Lost Generation10.Ernest Hemingway11.Different kinds of American schools12.The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act13.The American Dream14.The purchase of Louisiana三、论述题1.Why the USA is called a nation of immigrants?2.The democratic system of the USA3.The American Civil War4.Why do the Americans consider sports very important in their life?5.The success of Franklin Roosevelt’s New DealMultiple Choice:1. Which of the following CANNOT be found in London?A. TeahousesB. GalleriesC. MuseumsD. Theatres2. The Tower of London, a historical sight, was built by _____.A. King HaroldB. Robin HoodC. Oliver CromwellD. William the Conqueror3. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans4. The United Kingdom is made up of _____ parts.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five5. The capital of the Scotland is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. EdinburghD. Cardiff6. The first inhabitants in England are the _____.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Danes7. The first invaders to England in 43AD were the _____.A. NormansB. VikingsC. GermansD. Romans8. King Arthur is a well-known king from the legends of the _____.A. JutesB. Anglo-SaxonsC. DanesD. Normans9. “William the Conqueror” defeated and killed the English king in the Battle of _____.A. LondonB. CalaisC. HastingsD. Canterbury10. The king who was executed in the 17th century was _____.A. William IB. Henry IC. Charles ID. George I11. The Scottish king _____ defeated the English army in theBattle of Bannockburn, leading to300 years of full independence for Scotland.A. William WallaceB. Robert the BruceC. James ID. Canute12. The leader of the republican “roundheads” was _____ who killed the king in the 17th century.A. Oliver CromwellB. Robert BurnsC. Winston ChurchillD. Robin Hood13. By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided?A. The House of CommonsB. The House of LordsC. The Prime MinisterD. The two big parties14. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?A. BeowulfB. The Canterbury TalesC. Treasure IslandD. Ivanhoe15. which of the following tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. FrankensteinC. HamletD. Sense and Sensibility16. In Britain, the greatest majority of parents send their children to _____.A. private schoolsB. public schoolsC. state schoolsD. grammar schools17. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centreD. The sports centre.18. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I19. Which of the following DID NOT belong to Romanticism?A. KeatsB. ShellyC. WordsworthD. Defoe20. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A. The University of CambridgeB. The University of OxfordC. The University of EdinburghD. The University of Buckingham21. Which of the following is NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development ofEurope?A. The growth of capitalismB. The RenaissanceC. The Religious ReformationD. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church22. The following are the founding fathers of the United States except _____.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. William PennD. Benjamin Franklin23. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of _____.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution24. The following are the writers of the Declaration of Independence except _____.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Benjamin Franklin25. The man who named the American primitive people “Indians” is _____.A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Henry HudsonD. John Cabot26. The Seven Year’s War was fought between Britain and _____.A. SpainB. HollandC. FranceD. Portugal27. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland28. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws and levy federal taxes?A. The executiveB. The legislativeC. The judicialD. The president29. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A. The freedom of religionB. The freedom of searching a person’s home by policeC. The freedom of speech and of the pressD. The right of owning weapon if one wishes30. The New Deal was started by _____.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson31. The “American system” of mass production was first used in _____.A. car industryB. textile industryC. firearms industryD. agriculture32. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?A. bankingB. management consultationC. airlineD. steelmaking33. The United States was rated the _____ in the world in terms of land area and the size ofpopulation.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth34. In which year was the USA rated NO. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world?A. 1920B. 1950C. 1945D. 196035. The USA produces as much as half of the world’s _____.A. wheat and riceB. cottonC. tobacco and vegetable oilD. soybeans and corn36. The latest technology that the American farmers have adopted is _____.A. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers37. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Natty BumppoC. Washington IrvingD. Rip Van Winkle38. Which of the following was written by James Fenimore Cooper?A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of the Sleepy HollowC. The Masque of the Red DeathD. Moby Dick39. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education40. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _____.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmastersD. boards of education41. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _____.A. investmentB. student tuitionC. endowmentsD. government funding42. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot?A. Mark TwainB. Stephen CraneC. Henry JamesD. Israel Zangwill43. Which of the following was President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s main concern?A. health careB. personal freedomC. material wealthD. social justice44. Which of the following institutions is responsible for the making of the Internet?A. the US militaryB. the US entertainment industryC. the US film industryD. the US education sector45. Niagara Falls is located in the State of _____.A. New YorkB. VirginiaC. North CarolinaD. South California46. If you visit Alaska, you can see the following except _____.A. northern Polar LightB. glaciersC. surfersD. caribou47. The Everglades, du bbed with the name of “the River of Grass”, is _____ containing a largecollection of wildlife.A. a green riverB. a deep valleyC. a subtropical wetlandsD. a small island48. Michael Jordan is a famous player of _____.A. footballB. basketballC. baseballD. tennis49. Ronald Reagan used to be a _____.A. basketball playerB. sports radio announcerC. conservative political columnistD. sports writer50. Which of the following remarks is NOT true about Hawaii?A. Hawaii is made up of a large group of big and small islandsB. There are numerous active volcanoes in HawaiiC. More than 40 percent of the local residents in Hawaii are American AsiansD. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941Fill in the blanks:1.The United Kingdom consists of __________, __________, __________, and _____________.2.The English language has three stages in its history. They are _______________,_______________, _______________.3.The novel Robinson Crusoe was written by____________________.4.The doctrine of the “divine right of kings” held that the sovereign derived his authority from_______, not from _________.5.The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms ______ and its party leaderbecomes_______.6.Normally a government of the United Kingdom can be in power for____years, and then it hasto resign and hold a general election.7.The “Jewel in the Crown”of the British Empire____, which provided _______ and a bigmarket for British goods, gained independence in 1947.8.Since 1945, the UK has experienced ______ decline rather than _____ decline./doc/d316531671.html, two of the tragedies written by William Shakespeare:___________________, _____________________.10.Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are noted for their respective novel __________________and ____________________ which are largely the love stories ofa woman for a man.11.The author of Ivanhoe was _______________, Charles Dickens novel ___________________tells the story of an orphan child drawn into crime in the London underworld.12.The two oldest universities in Britain are _________________ and _____________________.13.American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived.They were______, _______, and _______./doc/d316531671.html, two of the taxes imposed on North American colonies by the British Parliament on theeve of the American Revolution: ___________________ and ___________________.15.After the War of Independence was won, the national government was called______, and theagreement that guided the government was________.16.A federal system is one in which power is shared between______ and______with some rightsreserved to each.17.Two major political parties in the USA are_______ and _______.18.The best-known stock exchange is________ located in________ area of New York City.19._______ and ___________ are the two major writers of the post-revolutionary period./doc/d316531671.html, two of Ernest Hemingway’s famous novels: ____________________________, and ___________________________________________.21.About 90% of the American students go to ___________ schools and 10% attend_______________ schools.22.In the Declaration of Independence (1776), Thomas Jefferson wrote the classic words whichwere widely acclaimed as the traditional values by all Americans, they are: “_____, _____, _________”.23.By the 1960s, the Foreign Service began to recruit its members through a highly competitivetest open to all, regardless of______, ______, and________.。
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。
第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。
课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。
2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。
第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。
2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。
第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。
答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。
2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。
第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。
2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。
结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。
本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。
大一英美概况试题及答案
大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。
英美概况4套练习题
ExercisesExercise 1一、是非题Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（）1. The Articles of Confederation is the oldest written constitution in the world.（）2. America is a name given by Columbus.（）3. The United Kingdom is a federal，not a unitary state.（）4. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nation was to be formed.（）5. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland.（）6. The checks and balance system in America was based on division of power.（）7. London，the capital of the UK，is situated on the Severn River near its mouth.（）8. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John.（）9. James I was the king who was executed during the English Bourgeois Revolution.（）10. The Chartist Movement finally succeeded and it constituted a glorious page in the history of the workers’ struggle for liberation.（）11. Grammar schools emphasize academic studies and teach a wide range of subjects.（）12. Members of Parliament （MPs）are those who inherit the noble titles.（）13. British people chose Franklin Roosevelt as Prime Minister in 1940 when the W.W. II broke out.（）14. Henry VII was responsible for the founding the Church of England.（）15. The destruction of the Spanish Armada not only established the position of England as a major sea power but also paved the way for its foreign expansion.（）16. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people.（）17. The first successful English colony in North America was planted in Virginia in 1620.（）18. The Wars of the Roses affected the ordinary people very much.（）19. The Queen formally appoints all government office holders except the Prime Minister.（）20. The Hundred Year’s War refers to the intermittent war between France and England that lasted from 1337 to 1453.二、名词解释Explain the following terms in English：1. The Great Depression2. Industrial Revolution3. Melting Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution三、简答题Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. When was the Second War with England in American history？2. What are the two major political parties in Britain？3. What is the general climate in Britain？4. Which American president was involved in Watergate Affair？5. What is the most important river in Britain？四、论述题Write between 100-150 words on the following topic：Norman Conquest and its influence？参考答案一、1~5 FFFTF 6~10 TFTFF 11~15 TFFFT 16~20TFFFT二、1.On October 24，1929，the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups，it is also known as a ―melting pot，‖ meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague，an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague，much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.三、1. The Second War between America and England was during 1812~1814.2. The two major political parties in Britain are Conservative Party and Labor Party.3. Britain enjoys maritime climate.4. Richard Nixon was involved in Watergate Scandal.5. The most important river in Britain is Thames River.四In 1066 the army of William，Duke of Normandy，defeated King Harold’s troops. He was crowned King of England. He then built a string of defense castle ensure his military control of the whole country. This is the Norman Conquest in British history. After the Norman Conquest，William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established，England. Relations with the Continent were opened. The civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture，language，manners，and architecture ere introduced.一、是非题Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False：（）1. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution.（）2. The stock market crash in 1929 was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S. （）3. George Washington was the first president of the United States.（）4. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution. （）5. Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence，and on July 4，1776，the Congress adopted the declaration.（）6. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.（）7. The word English means ―the language that belongs to the Angles.‖（）8. The Pennines are known as the ―Backbone of England‖.（）9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of 397 square kilometers.（）10. Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston.（）11. The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances.（）12. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England.（）13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious（）14. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords：the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.（）15. William，Duke of Normandy，founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as ―Father of the British Navy.‖（）16. Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots，the Irish and the Welsh people.（）17. After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britain’s first ever woman prime minister in 1979，she adopted a new program to cure the ―British disease‖.（）18. America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian，but a new continent. As a result，the new continent was named after him and became known as America.（）19. Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July 14，1776，a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States.（）20. When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London，the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in 1782.二、名词解释Explain the following terms in English：1. The New Deal2. counterculture movement3. checks and balances4. Constitutional monarchy5. Emancipation ProclamationGive a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. What is the longest river in Britain？2. How long did the Wars of the Roses go on？3. When did American Civil War break out？4. What were the mainstream Americans called？5. What does American Congress consist of？四、论述题Write between 100-150 words on the following topic：Cold War参考答案一、1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFT二、1. It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system.2. It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values，the aesthetic standards，the personal behavior, and the social relations of conventional society.3. Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative，the executive and the judicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check，or block，the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called ―checks and balances‖.4. A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice，the Sovereign reigns，but does not rule. In English history，constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5. On September 22，1862 during American Civil War，Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1，1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.三、1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. American Civil War began in 1861.4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.四、Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States，relying on its large economic and military strength，tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism，represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts withoutbloody ―hot war‖ between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.Exercise 3I. Direction：Read the following unfinished statements of questions carefully. For each unfinished statement of question four suggested answers A；B，C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet1. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council；B. no serf should be arrested，imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century，and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright4. In some areas factory farming methods are used，particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry5. By tradition，the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty，Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council7. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 19368. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln9. But even after the abolition of slavery，organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ______.A. Chinese – AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese – AmericansD. black Americans10. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ______ percent in the United States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.111. After a period of prosperity （1920 ~ 1929），government involvement in the economy increased _________.A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War12. The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh13. Through the Department of _____，the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense14. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A. George Washington'sB. Thomas Jefferson'sC. Abraham Lincoln'sD. Franklin Roosevelt's15. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor16. After the outbreak of the First World War，Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on ________.A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths19. In New Zealand，hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%D. 18%20. In the United States，Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children'sB. men'sC. women'sD. old men's21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.A. the Great Western PlateauB. the OutbackC. the Eastern HighlandsD. the Central Eastern Lowlands22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth23. New Zealand is the world's largest exporters of ________.A. lambB. expertiseC. honeyD. potatoes24. Today _____ is Ireland's most influential daily.A. the Irish PressB. the Irish IndependenceC. the Irish TimesD. the Irish Daily25. In the United States，_____ is a leading commercial crop in the South.A. cottonB. tobaccoC. peanutD. appleII. Directions Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true of false. Put T if you think it is true of F if you think it is false in the corresponding space on you answer sheet.1. ______ William Walworth launched the Peasant Revolt of 1381 in England.2. ______ In the English Civil War，the Puritans were not the King's opponents.3. ______ The Chartists could be roughly divided into two groups：the Moral Force Chartists and the Physical Force Chartists.4. ______ In Britain，changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff，who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.5. ______ The British criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.6. ______ As committed to the goal of a united Ireland，Dublin refuses to negotiate a settlement of the problem of Northern Ireland with London.7. ______ After the abolition of slavery，organized or individual discrimination was never practiced against black Americans.8. ______ When the Korean War broke out in June，1950，Truman sent the 7th Fleet to the Taiwan Straits to prevent the PLA from liberating Taiwan.9. ______ Canada possesses rich and vast natural resources which are significant in the Canadian10. ______ The rich green mountains and valleys make New Brunswick Nova Scotia，Prince Edward island，and Newfoundland the most beautiful in Canada.11. ______ The minerals and energy industry is supplementary to the Australian economy.12. ______ Captain Matthew Flinder's exploratory voyage to Australia between 1802 and 1803 brought a close to an era of European discovery.13. ______ In 1995，about 14% of the US population lived under the poverty line.14. ______ In 1948，Ireland voted itself out of the British Common wealth.15. ______ Formal education in the United States consists of elementary，secondary and higher education.III. Directions：For each of the following blanks，only one word is suitable. Write the word in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. The England Civil War not only overthrew _____ in England，but also undermined the feudal rule in Europe.2. Two of the most important literary writers of the late 17th Century England were _____ and _____. Both were Puritans.3. During the WW II，the leaders of the United States，the Soviet Union and Britain met at ______，_______ and _______ conferences.4. The American War of Independence show that a ______ nation can defeat a _______ one.5. Canada's early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______：fishing，forestry，_______ and mining.6. Britain is a welfare state which is funded out of ______ and ______.7. The government education departments _____ education policies and are also responsible for the ________ and training of teachers.8. The South's lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.9. The Senate serves a term of _____ years，and every two years，_______ of the Senators stands for re - election.10. Fianna Fail continues to demand that the British be withdrawn from ______ but it opposes the use of violence to achieve this goal.11. Australia's two territories are Australian Capital Territory and ________.12. Australia's rural children can learn their lessons through a radio educational system called _____.13. According to the Treaty of Waitangi，if Maori owners wanted to sell _______，only the Crown had the right to ______.14. Mrs. Thatcher's government used both _____ and _______ policies to improve the efficiency of the British economy in the 1980's.15. In 1885 ________ was completed and the country was linked from coast to coast.16. Ireland is a ______ republic and a unitary state under the 1937 Constitution.17. The highest peak of Britain is ______. It is about ________ meters high，located in the Highlands of Scotland.18. ________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great19. In the 1770s _______ visited New Zealand and claimed it for England.20. The New York Stock Market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of ________.21. By 1918 car _______ had reached 2.5 million，which showed the United States was on the way to becoming a nation on ______.22. The Paris Conference ending the First World War was dominated by the Big Four：the United States，_______，France，and _______.23. Many of Canada's earliest settlements were founded by fur traders and _______.24. Besides the Great Lakes，Canada is also endowed with three "inland seas"，known as _______，Lake Winnipeg and ________.25. In the UK，the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______，with is one leader，and forms a ________.26. The Governor - General of a Commonwealth state is appointed by the Queen on the advice of ______ of the country concerned and completely independent of the British Government.27. In 1453 England was at last defeated in the ______ Years War. At that time power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ______ nobles.28. During the First Civil War of the England Bourgeois Revolution，those who stood on the side of the king were called ________ and those who supported the Parliament were called ______ because of their short haircuts.29. The legislative body in the province of Quebec is called the "National Assembly" while in Newfoundland it is called ________.30. Canadian law has its source in ______ and judicial _____，and also in British "common law".31. During World War II，Australian women took over the _______ left vacant by men who were engaged in the _______ effort.IV. Directions：Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Thatcherism2. diversity of American education3. the Canadian Shield4. Australia's service industries5. the New DealV. Directions：Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges，rivers and lakes in the United States.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today？How many members are there in the House of Commons？3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines？4. Sinn FeinVI. Directions：Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space onyour answer sheet.Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today？参考答案I. 1-5. CBBDA 6-10. BCDDB 11-15. ABABB 16-20. DBDCA 21-25. BDACAII. 1-5. FFTTT 6-10. FFTTT 11-15. FTTFTIII.1. the feudal system2. John Bunyon，John Milton3. Teheran；Yalta；Potsdam4. strong5. industry；agriculture6. contributions national insurance，taxation7. formulate；supply8. abundant；raw9. one，one third 10. Northern Ireland 11. Northern Territory 12. School of the air 13. land；buy 14. macroeconomic，microeconomic 15. the Canadian Pacific Railway 16. Parliamentary 17. Ben Nevis；1，3000 18. England 19. Captain James Cook 20. the Great Depression 21. registration；wheels 22. Britain；Italy 23. trappers 24. Great Bear Lake；Great Slave Lake 25. the Opposition，Shadow cabinet 26. the ministers 27. Hundred，ambitious 28. Cavaliers，Roundheads 29. House of Assembly 30. Acts；decisions 31. jobs，warsIV.1. ThatcherismThe election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries，the use of monetarist policies to control inflation，the weakening of trade unions，the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy，and an emphasis on law and order.2. diversity of American educationDiversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type，size and control of the institutions，but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution，education is a function of the state，not the federal government. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts，many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.3. the Canadian ShieldThe Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills，and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.4. Australia's service industriesService industries are also called "tertiary industry". This sector now includes an additional "quaternary" level，which covers the research，processing and storage of information. Australia's service sector is the fastest growing one. It has been growing in importance，due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing，and the expansion by government of educational，health and welfare services.5. the New DealIn order to deal with the Depression，President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Dealprogram. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.V.1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges，rivers and lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches，the Missouri River and the Ohio River，flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers：the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior，Lake Michigan，Lake Huron，Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today？How many members are there in the House of Commons？To hold general elections，Britain is divided into 651 constituencies，each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commons.3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines？White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. （1）Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. （2）The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. （3）After losing their land，Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol，which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. （4）The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. （5）All these，combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal，political，economic and social discrimination today.4. Sinn FeinSinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties，Fianna Fail and Fine Gael，which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.VI.Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today？There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.（1）During the Ratification period，the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights，the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. （2）After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson，the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified，the majority。
大学英美概况试题及答案
大学英美概况试题及答案# 大学英语英美概况试题及答案一、选择题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 爱丁堡C. 曼彻斯特D. 利物浦答案：A2. 美国的独立日是什么时候？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 8月15日D. 9月11日答案：A3. 以下哪个不是英国的传统节日？A. 圣诞节B. 复活节C. 感恩节D. 圣乔治日答案：C4. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 英镑C. 美元D. 日元答案：B二、填空题6. 英国由四个构成国组成，分别是_________、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
答案：英格兰7. 美国的首都是_________。
答案：华盛顿哥伦比亚特区8. 英国的国花是_________。
答案：玫瑰9. 美国的人口最多的州是_________。
答案：加利福尼亚州10. 英国的国歌是_________。
答案：《天佑女王》或《天佑国王》三、简答题11. 简述英国的地理位置。
答案：英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，由大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛的北部以及其他许多小岛组成。
它被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋所环绕。
12. 描述美国的地理特征。
答案：美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南界墨西哥和墨西哥湾。
美国有着多样化的地理特征，包括广阔的平原、高耸的山脉、深邃的峡谷和广阔的森林。
13. 英国和美国在文化上有哪些主要差异？答案：英国和美国虽然共享许多文化元素，但也存在显著差异。
例如，英国人通常更加保守和传统，而美国人则更加开放和自由。
在饮食方面，英国人喜欢喝茶和享用全英式早餐，而美国人则偏爱咖啡和快餐。
此外，英国人重视礼节和等级制度，而美国人则倾向于更加平等和非正式的社交方式。
四、论述题14. 论述英美两国在教育体系上的主要差异。
答案：英国的教育体系强调学术深度和专业研究，学生通常在16岁后选择特定学科进行深入学习。
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American Survey Test地理1. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2. In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level.A. CaliforniaB. UtahC. Arizona3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains4. The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia PlateausA. Great BasinB. Colorado ValleyC. Great Plains5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence10. The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____ metres.A. 1650, 50B. 1240, 49C. 1540, 4911. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14. About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United States.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky16. Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range.A. Sierra NevadaB. CascadesC. Alaska17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321. Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23. The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26. About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except _____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628. Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo29. The City St. Louis in America is called the gateway towards the _____.A. EastB. WestC. NortheastD. Southwest30. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32. The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____, providing _____ percent of the total output each year.A. Pittsburgh, 60B. Chicago, 50C. New York, 6033. The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34. Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35. ¬_____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36. In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National Historical Park.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37. Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38. The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the PacificI. Fill in the blanks1. The United States is situated in the _____ part of _____ America.2. The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by _____ and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.3. To the west of America lies the _____ Ocean.4. To the east of America lies the _____ Ocean.5. The seat of the American Federal Government is the District of _____.6. The _____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.7. The famous _____ National Park is located in the northwestern part of Wyoming.8. The western part of the central plain is also call ed the “_____ _____”.9. The Mississippi River flows from the _____ lakes to the Gulf of _____.10. The lowest point in the whole of North America is _____ _____.11. The world-known _____ _____ lies in northern Arizona, which is cut by the Colorado River.12. The largest island salt lake in North America is the _____ _____ Lake.13. The United States includes _____ states and a _____ district, the District of Columbia.14. The Declaration of Independence was first read on July 4th, _____.15. The two main tributaries of the _____ River are the Missouri River and the Ohio River.16. The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _____ and the United States.17. Through the middle of the country, north and south, runs a line which is known as the _____ _____ _____ _____.18. The South region in America has in general, a warm climate. People often call it the “_____ _____”.19. The largest state, _____, is famous for its glacier, waterfall and ripples.20. There rises the tendency of shifting the centre of industries from the _____ to the _____.21. The famous _____ _____ is known as the financial centre, the symbol of the American monopoly capitalism.22. _____ is the centre of theatres in America.23. The nickname of Pittsburgh is the _____ and _____ City.24. _____ is the second largest in population in the U.S.25. The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____ in the central Pacific.26. Most of the inhabitants in the U.S. are of _____ origin.27. Negro slaves were first brought to America at the beginning of the _____ century.28. The Death Valley is _____ metres below sea level.29. The population of the United States is about _____ million.30. The Statue of Liberty Island in _____ _____ harbour.31. _____ _____ is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.32. _____ _____ is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated state of the U.S.A.33. From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into _____ regions.34. The nickname of Houston City is _____ _____.35. _____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.36. _____ _____ is the longest and the most important river in the system of Gulf.37. The Library of Congress is in the city of _____.38. New England is located in the _____ corner of the country.39. The area of the Pacific coast is known for its growth of fruits, vegetables and wheat, especially in _____.40. The Middle Atlantic Region is marked by its industry. It is often called the _____ Northeast. II. Explain the Following Terms1. “The backbone of the continent”2. melting potIII. Answer the Following Questions1. Give a brief presentation of the U.S. economy.2. Why is Detroit famous?英语考研英美概况模拟题（六）美国地理部分答案：Part II. BAAAC ACAAB BDAAB CCABA CCACC CBABB BAACC ABCII.1. central, north Canada, Mexico Pacific Atlantic Columbia eastern Yellowstone Great Plains Great, Mexico Death Valley Colorado Valley Great Salt 50, federal 1776 Mississippi Canada 50 centimetre Rainfall Line Sunny South Alaska Southwest Wall Street Broadway Iron, Steel Chicago Alaska, Hawaii European 17th 85 240/256 New York Pearl Harbour Rhode Island 8 Space City Hawaii Mississippi River Washington northeastern California IndustrialPart II HistoryI. Multiple Choice1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for thetime being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia14. The pamphlet “Common Sense” was written by _____.A. Thomas EdisonB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the “Intolerable Acts”B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S. won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/319. In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of _____.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin20. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington’s administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston22. It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A. Alexander HamiltonB. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington23. _____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison24. The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A. James MadisonB. James MonroeC. John Adams25. The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance’s program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance26. _____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A. John AdamsB. Andrew JacksonC. Andrew Johnson27. _____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A. Douglas BillB. Monroe DoctrineC. Sedition Act28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32. In 1918 President _____ issued the “Fourteen Points”.A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding33. Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Washington34. In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A. firstB. secondC. third35. McCarthy was notorious for his harsh _____ persecution of the progressive people.A. religiousB. spiritualC. political36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people37. On August 14, 1914, the U.S. and Britain issued a joint communiqué called _____.A. the Teheran DeclarationB. the Atlantic CharterC. the Washington Proclamation38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called “_____”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Fedinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4546. At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Casablanca47. In July 1945, Britain, the U.S. and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany. The meeting was the famous_____ Conference.A. CairoB. TeheranC. PotsdamD. Quebec48. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versaills TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam51. The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A. 1920B. 1918C. 191952. The U.S. Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as its general secretary.A. LevestoneB. William FosterC. Earl Browder53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programme of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones59. There occurred _____ economic cris es from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970’s.A. sixB. fiveC. seven60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighbourB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon’s historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 197363. In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A. the Korean WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the US-Spanish War64. On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbour, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese65. The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A. 13B. 50C. 4866. The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern67. _____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A. The English KingB. the local governmentC. the local people68. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B69. _____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George IB. King George IIIC. King George II70. In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York71. President Nixon visited China in _____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197272. _____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson73. The city’s name “Philadelphia” means _____.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy1. It was _____ who first discovered the America in 1492.2. The New World was named after _____ Vespucci.3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.4. The Indians living in America are all _____ skinned and dark-haired.5. The War of _____ broke out in 1775 and ended in 1783.6. The First World War broke out on July 28th in _____.7. In 1620 some English Puritans sailed to Plymouth on a ship called _____.8. On July 4th, 1776, the document called the Declaration of _____ was accepted by the American Congress.9. The first English colony was _____.10. Lexington Fire was the _____ of the War of Independence.11. In 1803 the United States purchased Louisiana from _____.12. The U.S.- _____ War broke out in 1898.13. The Great Depression of 1929 - _____ shook the United States and the whole capitalist world to its foundation.14. The _____ _____ policy went into effect by the spring of 1947 when Truman Doctrine came forth.15. The Confederate Union of America consisted of _____ southern states.16. During the Civil War Lincoln took two important measures, one was the _____ _____, the other was the _____ _____.17. By the end of _____ century, the U.S. had become the most powerful country in the world.18. The U.S. bought the area of Alaska from _____ in 1867.19. The Constitution Convention lasted _____ weeks from May to September, _____.20. The Constitution drawn up at the end of Independence War is called the _____ of the Confederation.21. The Constitution of _____ established the dictatorship of the America bourgeoisie big capitalists and big slave owners.22. The bourgeois democratic personages headed by Thomas Jefferson, were opposed to the Constitution. They were called _____.23. The people, headed by John Hamilton, who supported the Constitution of 1787, were called _____.24. During Washington’s administration Thomas Jefferson was appointed _____ of _____.25. The war with England between 1812-1814 was called the Second _____ of _____.26. President John Q. Adams was the son of the _____ president, John Adams.27. The forming of the _____ Alliance was to suppress the South American revolution.28. Andrew Jackson was the first president who developed the power of _____ into one of the means of making laws.29. The first great tide from 1840 to 1860 in America was the _____ movement.30. The famous novel “_____ _____ _____” by Mrs Stowe aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.31. A man named _____ _____ began a rising which aimed at solving the slavery trouble by force.32. In _____ the first group of English colonists came to America.33. From 1863 to 1867 _____ Reconstruction dominated the reconstruction of the south.34. With the passage of the military Reconstruction Act in March 1867 the power of Reconstruction of the south passed from president to the _____.35. The most notorious society which mainly persecuted the blacks was _____ _____ _____.36. The _____ _____ Conference in 1919 was in fact a meeting to divide the spoils and redivide the old colonies.37. The _____ Conference was the constitution of the Paris Peace Conference.38. The _____ post-war economic crisis occurred from 1973 to 1975 was the most serious crisis.39. The Communist Party of China sent _____ _____ _____ to attend the Conference of the founding of U.N. and signed the charter.40. The _____ Declaration was published at the Cairo Conference.41. The main force of the Japanese United Fleet was destroyed by America in the _____ _____ Battle.42. The _____ World War was a destructive war and an anti-fascist war.43. The _____ Programme was successfully carried out in 1969 and two American astronauts landed on the moon.44. After WWII the _____ _____ emerged on the scene and containment of Communism became the basis of the American foreign policy.45. The source of WWII in Europe came from _____.46. The direct cause that the U.S. entered WWII was the Japanese sudden raid of the US’s naval base at _____ _____.47. In 1939 Germany first launched the lightening attack on _____ and England and _____ thendeclared war on Germany.48. The dropping of the two atom bombs by America forced _____ to surrender unconditionally.49. The second post-war crisis occurred during 1953 and 1954 was caused by the _____ War.50. It was president _____ who moved toward improving relations with China.51. America participated in the Second World War in the year _____.52. In _____ China and U.S.A. normalized their relationship.53. The outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement was _____ _____ _____.54. _____ _____ uprising in 1859 helped the outbreak of the Civil War.55. “I know not what course others may take, but for me, give me liberty or give me death.” This was said by _____ _____.II. Define the Following Terms1. The Boston “Tea Party”2. The Westward Movement3. The Civil Rights Movement4. The Atlantic Charter5. The “Open Door Policy”6. The Cairo Declaration7. The Marshall PlanIII. Answer the Following Questions1. Please say something about the American War of Independence, including its cause, process and significance.2. What success did Washington’s administration achieved?3. Abraham Lincoln is usually regarded as the fulfilment of the “American Dream”. Why?4. What was Roosevelt’s role in the Sec ond World War?英语考研英美概况模拟题（七）美国历史部分答案：Part III. BDBBA ABCBA AABBC CABAB AABAA BABBC AABAC ABABC CBCAA BCABA CBABC CABAC ABACA AABBA CCAII.1. Columbus Amerigo Magellan red Independence 1914 Mayflower Independence Virginia prelude France Spanish 1933 Cold War 11 Homestead Bill, Emancipation Proclamation 19th Russia 13, 1787 Articles 1787 anti-federalist Federalists Secretary, State War, Independence second Holy veto Westwa rd Uncle Tom’s Cabin John Brown 1607 Presidental Congress Ku Klux Klan Paris Peace Washington sixth deputy Dong Biwu Cairo Midway Island Second Apollo Communist Party Germany Pearl Harbour Poland Japan Korean Nixon 1941 1979 Martin Luther King John Brown Patrick HenryCultureI. Multiple Choice1. In America the academic year lasts nine months, from September to _____, with winter and spring vocations.A. JulyB. JuneC. August2. In elementary schools, courses for children include the following except _____.A. reading, writingB. social coursesC. foreign languagesD. sciences, art and musicE. cooking or other manual skills3. The American teachers’ pay and prestig e are _____ in comparison with the general standard of living.A. highB. lowC. almost the same4. There are over _____ universities, colleges and other institutions in the United States.A. 2,000B. 2,500C. 3,0005. Today more than _____ of all the private colleges have some kind of church connection.A. 1/3B. 1/2C. 1/56. The library in _____ was the first private library in the US.A. Harvard CollegeB. Yale CollegeC. College of New Jersey7. The first public library was founded in 1731 in _____.A. BostonB. PhiladelphiaC. Chicago8. At present America has more than _____ free public libraries.A. 6,000B. 5,000C. 7,0009. VOA Radio Station was established in _____.A. 1924B. 1934C. 189410. All the newspapers and magazines in America are _____ owned.A. publiclyB. privatelyC. locally11. _____ is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.A. FootballB. BasketballC. Baseball12. It was the _____ immigrants in the mid-19th century who introduced skiing into the United States.A. ScandinavianB. DutchC. French13. 101 American people won the Nobel Prize after _____.A. WWIB. Civil WarC. WWII14. At the end of WWII the art centre of the world moved from _____ to the new world.A. ParisB. LondonC. Berlin15. The famous story _____ helps Washington Irving earn great fame in the literary world.A. “Rip Van Winkle”B. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”C. “The Adventures of a German Student”16. _____ is regarded as the father of detective stories.A. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville17. _____ is the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Sinclair LewisB. Saul BellowC. Ernest Hemingway18. Yale University was founded in _____.A. 1701B. 1746C. 174919. The greatest American playwright is _____.A. Arthur MillerB. Eugene O’NeilC. Robert Frost20. _____ belonged to the Lost Generation.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Wilt WhitmanC. Tennessee Williams21. The most popular sport in America is _____.。