英美概况题库美国部分
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案解析[美国部分](最新整理)
](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/aaa78fb9a98271fe900ef97a.png)
WORD 格式整理版
3. The stars and strips have different meanings. Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteen colonies before the independence of America.
the Second Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.
2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteen colonies. White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.
Anacreontic Song” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).
(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was made the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.
美国英美概况练习
美国概况练习I. Term explanation1. The War of Independence(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3) In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4) In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at Y ork Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2. Boston Tea Party(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists. (2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3. the First Continental Congress(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders. They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4. The Declaration of Independence(1) The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights. (2) Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence. It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights. It declared that all men were equal and they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. (3) The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy. (4) The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor. More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5. American Constitution(1) The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world. (2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government. It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6. The Bill of Rights (USA)(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made. This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”. (2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of individuals.7. The New Deal(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2) Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA (The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8. The Great Depression(1) On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New Y ork Stock Exchange. Share and other security prices collapsed. (2) By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed. Industrial production was cut in half. Farm inc ome had fallen b y more than half. Wages had decreased 60 percent. New investment was down 90 percent. As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed. (3) Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy. (4) Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II. Please answer the following questions briefly.1. What are the four crown colonies during America colonization? (T extbook: Page 152.)2. What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America? (T extbook: Page 158-160)3. What are he four causes for American Civil War? (T extbook: Page 167-170)4. What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal? (T extbook: Page 187-188)5. What are the five fundamental features of American political system? (T extbook: Page 209)6. What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution? (T extbook: Page 210)7. What are the five constitutional roles of American president? (T extbook: Page 213)8. What are the three important characteristics of American economic system? (T extbook: Page 228)。
英美概况试题及答案考研
英美概况试题及答案考研
1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的首都是哪里？
答案：华盛顿特区。
5. 英国的货币单位是什么？
答案：英镑。
6. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
7. 英国的现任君主是谁？
答案：伊丽莎白二世女王。
8. 美国的现任总统是谁？
答案：[此处填写当前日期的美国现任总统姓名]。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
10. 美国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：纽约市。
11. 英国的面积大约是多少？
答案：约243,610平方公里。
12. 美国的面积大约是多少？
答案：约9,525,067平方公里。
13. 英国的人口大约是多少？
答案：约6,600万。
14. 美国的人口大约是多少？
答案：约3.3亿。
15. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
16. 美国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
17. 英国的国鸟是什么？
答案：红胸鸲。
18. 美国的国鸟是什么？
答案：白头海雕。
19. 英国的国歌是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
20. 美国的国歌是什么？
答案：《星条旗》。
《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）
《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。
英美概况（美国部分）简答题答案
英美概况（美国部分）简答题答案英美概况(美国部分)简答题答案UNIT35.What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain the Declaration of Independence?By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies(殖民地) in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics, economy and cultural life and enjoyed the same frontier(开拓的) environment. The English people and Europeans had become Americans and they were ready to separate themselves from the Old World. In addition,”No taxation without represantion”, many new taxes imposed(强迫) on North American colonies by the British Parliament(国会). In 1773,a group of patriots(爱国者) responded to the tea tax by staging the “Boston Tea Party”.In September1774, the First Continental Congress(第一次大陆会议) was held in Philadelphia(费城). On April 19, 1775, the first shot was fired when 700 British soldiers went to capture(占领,俘获) a colonial arms depot(仓库) in a small town of Concord near Boston.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 41,776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments were to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the AmericanRevolution mainly came from John Locke.UNIT 41 Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?The Articles of Confederation(联邦条款) failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. When the Congress needed money to pay the national army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute. The Congress had been given no authority to force any state to do anything. It could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that.2. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court.。
大一英美概况试题及答案
大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。
英美概况题库美国部分精编版
英美概况题库美国部分精编版MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】The United StatesI. Choose the correct answer.1. In area, the United States is the c largest country in the world.a. 2ndb. 3rdc. 4thd. 5th2. The Midwest in the US refers to the region d .a. west of the Mississippi Valleyb. west of the Appalachian Mountainsc. east of the Rocky Mountainsd. around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3. The Backbone of North America refers to the b .a. Appalachian Mountainsb. Rocky Mountainsc. the Rocky Mountainsd. Sierra Nevada Mountains4. Death Valley is on the western edge of a .a. the Great Basinb. Californiac. the Rocky Mountainsd. the Sierra Nevada Mountains5. Which region might have a dust storm in summer? ca. The Deep South.b. The Middle West.c. The Great Plainsd. The Central Valley of California.6. Which area has the highest rainfall in the US? ba. The region around the Great Lakes.b. The western part of Washington State.c. The Middle Atlantic states.d. The Central Valley of California.7. The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except b .a. Canadab. Japanc. Venezuelad. Saudi Arabia8. The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in b .a. Californiab. Utahc. Montanad. South Dakota9. The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of ancestry. ca. Spanishb. Frenchc. Britishd. Dutch10. How many immigrants were legally received by the US each year duringthe 1980s? ba. About 270,000.b. About 700,000.c. About 675,000.d. About 800,00011. The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the USuntil d .a. 1860b. 1863c. 1918d. 195412. American Indians now mainly live in the a .a. Southb. Westc. Midwestd. Northeast13. The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countriesexcept c .a. Mexicob. Cubac. Spaind. Puerto Rico14. According to the text, which region now leads in percentage increasein population? ca. The Northeast.b. The Great Plains.c. The South.d. The West.15. According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state inthe US is c .a. Californiab. New Yorkc. Texasd. Washington16. The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in allregion b .a. the Northeastb. the Southc. the Midwestd. the West17. According to the text, the ancestors of the present American Indians came from c .a. Europeb. Africac. Asiad. Mongolia18. Which is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century? aa. The ambition for the cast lands.b. The strong desire for Eastern goods.c. The improvements in navigation and naval architecture.d. The great spirit of adventure started by the Renaissance.19. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach c .a. the New worldb. the West Indiesc. Indiad. America20 Among the following navigators who discovered the route to India?ba. Christopher Columbus.b. Vasco da Gama.c. Bartholoneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.21. Who was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the East? ba. Jacques Cartier.b. John Cabot.c. Bartholeneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.22. Which colony in the following was not founded first by the English? ca. Virginia.b. Massachusetts.c. New Yorkd. Georgia.23. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones exceptd .a. New Yorkb. Pennsylvaniac. Marylandd. Virginia24. The last one fo the 13 colonies was c , which was established in 1733.a. North Carolinab. South Carolinac. Georgiad. Maryland25. There was a great change in British policy towards the 13 coloniesafter .a. 1760b. 1763c. 1764d. 176726. Which Act first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies?ba. The Sugar Act of 1764.b. The Stamp Act of 1765.c. The Quartering Act of 1765.d. The Tea Act27. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order toc .a. get more money from the coloniesb. provide cheap tea for the American consumersc. help the British East India Companyd. monopolize the American tea business28. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representativesfrom all the colonies except d .a. Delawareb. Pennsylvaniac. Massachusettsd, Georgia29. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired inb .a. Concordb. Lexingtonc. Philadelphiad. Boston30. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists tod .a. abolish slavery in the coloniesb. continue a shipping trade with Englandc. win independence through peaceful meansd. declare their independence31. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence wasb .a. Benjamin Franklinb. Thomas Jeffersonc. George Washingtond. John Adams32. Which victory was considered as the turning point of the War ofIndependence? ca. The victory at Trenton.b. The victory at Boston.c. The victory at Saratoga.d. The victory at Yorktown.33. The Confederation created in 1781 was a a .a. very loose union of statesb. very powerful central governmentc. very firm league of statesd. weak government without the legislative power34. Who was called the Father of the US Constitution? da. George Washington.b. Benjamin Franklin.c. Alexander Hamilton.d. James Madison.35. According to the text, the Constitution was framed on the following ideas except that d .a. there should be three branches of government: one to make laws,another to execute them, and a third to settle questions of lawb. the three branches should be able to check and balance the otherc. the national government is a government of the people, and not ofstates aloned. the new government should impose its authority on the people through states36. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called c .a. Democratsb. Republicansc. Federalistsd. Antifederalists37. How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution? ba. Eightb. Ninec. Elevend. Thirteen38. Which is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers? da. They support the ratification of the Constitutionb. The defend the principles of the Constitutionc. They help dispel the fears of a national authorityd. They spell out the people’s right39. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at leastc of the states.a. one-thirdb. two-thirdsc. three-fourthsd. three-fifths40. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the USpresident was b .a. Thomas Jeffersonb. James Madisonc. John Adamsd. James Monroe41. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas exceptd .a. non-colonizationb. America for Americansc. non-interventiond. Latin America for Europeans42. The US continental expansion was almost complete by d .a. 1840b. 1845c. 1846d. 184843. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly becauseof the b .a. use of irrigation on plantationb. Whitney’s cotton ginc. slave labourd. improved agricultural techniques44. in 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some b .a. slaveholdersb. abolitionistsc. democratsd. proslavery persons45. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that heb .a. would abolish slavery in the Southb. would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Unionc. would wage a war against slaveryd. had no idea to abolish slavery in the South46. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate? aa. It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States.b. It freed slaves only in the Confederacy.c. It brought many blacks to serve in the Union Army.d. It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war.47. the most important advantage the North had over the South in theCivil War was its d .a. manpowerb. superior military leadershipc. European alliesd. industrial superiority48. An advantage the South had over the North was its d .a. great mineral resourcesb. great number of railroadsc. manpowerd. superior military leadership49. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings wasb .a. James Buchananb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays50. The radical Reconstruction was ended under President d .a. Abraham Lincolnb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays51. Gold was discovered in California in c .a. 1828b. 1838c. 1848d. 185852. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed inc .a. 1850b. 1859c. 1869d. 189053. Telephone was invented in 1876 by b .a. Thomas B. Edisonb. Alexander D. Bellc. Guglielmo Marconid. George Westinghouse54. According to the text the value of manufactured goods in the US wasworth twice as that of her agricultural products by d .a. 1860b. 1890c. 1894d. 190055. The first imperialist, the US-Spanish War, broke out in c .a. 1886b. 1890c. 1898d. 190056. After US-Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas exceptd .a. Puerto Ricob. Guamc. the Philippinesd. Cuba57. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the firstplace in economy in Europe was a .a. Germanyb. Francec. Britaind. Russia58. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to b .a. be ready for the warb. observe strict neutralityc. give financial help to the Alliesd. end the trade relations with Germany59. The US joined the First World War in d .a. 1914b. 1915c. 1916d. 191760. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of d .a. disarmamentb. creation of an international organization of nationsc. freedom of the seas, in peace and ward. creation of an international peacekeeping force61. Which statement about the US in 1920s is not true? ba. The gross national product rose.b. Only the rich could afford new consumer goods.c. The youth suspected the values of the older generation.d. There was a fast urbanization in the whole country.62. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thought that the basic role of the Government was to b .a. provide government aid for the poorb. create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprisesc. intervene in the affairs of economyd. take the responsibility for the welfare of the people63. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of d .a. soil erosionb. declining labor supplyc. inflationd. overproduction64. Which one is not right to comment on the New Deal? da. It relieved unemployment through a vast scheme of public works.b. It offered relief to farmers through providing money at low rates of interest.c. It brought in old age and unemployment insurance through providing a system of pension.d. It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar.65. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except d .a. the prohibition of the sale of arms or equipment to nations at warb. the prohibition of loans to belligerent nationsc. cash-and-carry policyd. active intervention to prevent aggression66. The US formerly entered the Second World War in d .a. 1937b. 1939c. 1940d. 194167. Normandy Landing took place on a .a. June 6, 1944b. July 6, 1944c. April 30, 1945d. April 12, 194568. At which conference did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree tocall a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945? da. The Conference in Teheran, on Nov. 28, 1943.b. The Conference in Cairo, on Nov. 23, 1943.c. The Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, in the fall of 1944.d. Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945.69. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to WesternEurope was known as c .a. containment policyb. Truman Planc. Marshall Pland. Communist prevention70. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of b .a. economic equalityb. nonviolencec. military protestd. black power71. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under Presidentc .a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. John F. Kennedyc. Lyndon B. Johnsond. Richard M. Nixon72. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank betweenChina and the US was established under President b .a. Nixonb. Carterc. Reagand. Bush73. The power of the state in the US is actually from d .a. the central governmentb. the state constitutionc. the US Constitutiond. both b and c74. The supreme law of the United States includes d .a. the US Constitutionb. treaties under the authority of the United Statesc. laws to ensure the constitutional power being practicedd. all the above three75. The terms of the senator and representative are d and years respectively.a. two…fourb. two…threec. two…sixd. six…two76. Which Amendment provided for the direct election of senators? ba. The 16th Amendment (1913)b. The 17th Amendment (1913)c. The 18th Amendment (1919)d. The 19th Amendment (1920)77. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in d .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Supreme Courtd. the Senate78. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in b .a. the Cabinetb. the Housec. the Senated. the Executive Office79. Who is second in line in presidential succession? aa. The Speaker of the House.b. The Vice President.c. The president pro tempore.d. The leader of the majority party in the Senate.80. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in a .a. the Rules Committeeb. the standing committeec. Subcommitteed. the select committee81. Which one in the following limits the President to two successive terms only? ca. The 20th Amendment (1933)b. The 21st Amendment (1933)c. The 22nd Amendment (1951)d. The 23rd Amendment (1961)82. The American President has all the following powers except c .a. deploying armed forcesb. making treatiesc. declaring war on another countryd. granting pardons83. The president’s major appointments should be approved by c .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Senated. the Supreme Court84. Which is not correct to explain the executive agreement? ca. An agreement between the president and another country.b. It has the force of a treaty.c. It requires the approval of Congress.d. It does not require the Senate’s advice and consent.85. the President’s veto can be overridden by two-thirds votes inc .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. both housesd. the Supreme Court86. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries arec .a. the Supreme Courtb. the courts of appealc, the district courtsd. specialized courts87. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is d .a. to review decisions of the courts of appealb. to review decisions of the federal district courtsc. to try the impeachment cased. to interpret the US Constitution88. The cases involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in c .a. the courts of appealb. the appellate courtc. the federal district courtsd. the state supreme court89. The emblem of the Democratic Party is b .a. elephantb. donkeyc. beard. bull90. The first Democratic President was c .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson91. The first Republican President was b .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson92. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was a .a. Grover Clevelandb. William McKinleyc. Theodore Rooseveltd. Woodrow Wilson93. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated b .a. at the state conventionb. at the national conventionc. by the leaders from state party organizationsd. by the party’s national committee94. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on thea .a. Tuesday after the first Mondayb. first Tuesdayc. Tuesday after the second Mondayd. Monday after the first Tuesday95. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal tothe number of c .a. its senatorsb. its representativesc. its senators and Representativesd. its counties96. The American President is actually elected by c .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. presidential electorsd. American citizens97. Who is chiefly responsible for education in the US?a. The federal government.b. The state government.c. the county government.d. The local government.98. In the US school system, there are twelve levels called c .a. classesb. divisionsc. gradesd. degrees99. The elementary and secondary education in the US lasts c .a. 8 yearsb. 10 yearsc. 12 yearsd. 14 years100. The average teacher salary in private secondary schools is bthat in public schools.a. higher thanb. lower thanc. almost same asd. half of101. A great majority of doctor-level universities in the US arec .a. privateb. supported by religious groupsc. publicd. supported by private funds102. After completing four-year study in a college, the student usuallycan earn c .a. a university degreeb. graduate degreec. a bachelor’s degreed. a master’s degree103. In order to remain in college the student must maintain at least a average. ba. Bb. Cc. Dd. F104. The first daily newspaper in America was published in c .a. 1690b. 1775c. 1783d. 1800105. Which newspaper first uncovered the Watergate scandal in 1972? ba. New York Times.b. Washington Post.c. New York Daily News.d. Los Angeles Times.106. The world most-read magazine is c .a. TV Guideb. Timec. Reader’s Digestd. People Weekly107. The TV networks in the US are owned b .a. by the federal governmentb. by private companiesc. by state governmentd. by local governments108. Democratic and Republican National Conventions were televised forthe first time in c .a. 1945b. 1950c. 1952d. 1960109. Which one in the following is not proper to describe the Americanfamily values? da. Individual freedom.b. Belief in equality.c. Personal independence.d. Formal and strict relations between parents and children.110. If a junior staff member challenges and argues points with an older executive, the junior is considered being d .a. impoliteb. rudec. immorald. harmless111. To make distinctions between persons, the Americans may useb .a. the family titleb. the occupational titlec. Mr. or Ms.d. Sir or Ma’am112. To Americans, if weaknesses were pointed out by others, it would be c .a. disgracefulb. all rightc. resentfuld. indifferent113. By American standards, which one in the following is not a taboo?da. Financial affairs.b. Person’s age.c. Religion.d. Person’s work.114. According to the text, which word in the following is not proper to describe an American? ca. Optimistic.b. Acquisitive.c. Formal.d. Frank.II. Fill in the blanks:1.“The backbone of the continent” refers to .(the Rocky Mountains)2.During Ratification, those who supported the Constitution andpreferred a strong national government were called , theiropponents were called . (Federalists, Antifederalists)3.The war of 1812 was also known as for America goteconomically independent after it. (Second War of Independence)4.Washington D. C. is situated on River which is thetraditional dividing line between the South and the North. (thePotomac)5.The United States is the most populous country. (third)6.In his Abraham Lincoln expressed his ideas of ademocratic government “of the people, by the people and for thepeople.”(Gettysburg Address)7.In the year , President Nixon visited China, and later during‘s presidency, formal diplomatic relations between China and theUnited States were established. (1972, Jimmy Carter)8.The division of powers by a constitution between the centralgovernment and state government is called .(Federalism)9.By law any American citizen of and over years ofage and of being a resident within the United States foryears can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualifiedpresident-elect takes office on the of January followinghis election. (natural-born, 35, 14, 20th)10.When a Bill is vetoed by the President, it can still become a law ifthe Congress . the veto by a vote of both houses.(override, two-thirds)11.The United States is bordered on the north by , on the south byand , on the east by , and on the westby . (Canada, Mexico, The Gulf of Mexico, The Atlantic,the Pacific)12.Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, theybecame a center for . and . The middle colonies wereknown as the , which produced wheat and potatoes as themajor staple. The southern colonies developed a . system. Themain crop in the South was , much later, . (fishing,shipbuilding, breadbasket, plantation, tobacco, cotton)13.The First World War was waged between tow groups of imperialistpowers: . and . ( the Allies/the Entente, the CentralEuropean Powers)14.The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was theformation of the . (League of Nations)15.The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adoptedin , which granted women the right to . (1920, vote)16.The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of thein New York in October, . This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. (stock market, 1929)17.The candidate with the most voters in a state wins all of thatstate’s votes. This is known as the “”principle. The candidates who wins the of the 538 ElectoralCollege votes will be US President in the next four years. (electoral, winner-take-all, 270)18.American universities offer three main categories of graduate degrees:1) , 2) , 3) . (bachelor’s, master’s, Ph. D)19.Each of the fifty states in the US provides a free schooling ofyears to its residents. (12)20.Among the five Great Lakes, only Lake belongs entirely tothe US. (Michigan)21.The emblem of the Democratic Party is , and that of theRepublican Party is . is considered the firstDemocratic President, and first Republican President is .(donkey, elephant, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln)III. True or False Statements:1.People usually regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of theNew World, though before him, Norsemen from Scandinavia had alreadyfound this continent.2.During the Ratification of the Constitution, Thomas Jefferson andother federalists worked hard to support a strong central government.3.The Missouri Compromise brought a solution to the immediate problemof the extension of slavery.4.Germany’s unrestricted submarine campaign against merchant ships wasone of the reasons that pushed America into World War I.5.Standing committees are permanent ones to determine whether proposedlegislation should be presented to the entire House or Senate forconsideration.6.Louisiana Purchase was the largest real estate deal in US history,which got for America the present Louisiana State.7.Franklin Roosevelt was one of the greatest American Presidents whoseNew Deal effectively put an end to the Great Depression.8.The Vice President is officially the presiding officer of the Houseof Representatives, and in his absence, the president pro temporetakes his place to deal with day-to-day business.9.Immediately after Abraham Lincoln took office, the southern statesbegan to secede from the Federal Union and organized the Confederate States of America.10.The people of the US are predominantly white, among whom the mostpowerful and influential group is the White Anglo-Saxon Protestantswho are the descendents of the early English settlers.11.Voting requirements are different in one state from another, andvoting qualifications are not determined by federal government.12.When the state governments act out the powers given to it in theconstitution, the Federal Government has no right to interfere.13.In the , every state constitution divided political power among threeelements.14.The power of the state in the US is actually from the stateconstitution and the US Constitution.15.The supreme law of the United States includes the US Constitution,treaties under the authority of the United States and laws to ensure the constitutional power being practiced.16.It was the New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate scandalin 1972.17.Generally speaking, older people with more education and high incometend to vote while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has thelowest voting percentage in the United States.18.As the opposite of Federalists, the Anti-Federalists insisted on theexpansion of slavery in the country.IV. Explain the following terms:FederalismMelting potMosaicSeparation of powersJudicial reviewWinner-take-allFilibusterPocket vetoCold warNew DealMissouri CompromiseV. Questions for discussion1.How many states are there in the United States? And which two statesare geographically separated from the others?2.What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and theAppalachian Mountains?3.Do you think that geography has played an important role in theeconomic development of the United States? Explain.4.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?5.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the UnitedStates?6.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?7.Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.8.Why did the discoveries of the New World before Columbus not exertgreat influence in the world at that time?9.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17thcentury?10.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?11.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonialdays?12.How do you understand checks and balances in American politicalsystem?13.What do you know about the American Civil War, its causes, process,results, etc?14.How do you comment on the constitutional division of powers inAmerican political system?15.Which president in American history do you think is the greatest? Why? two universally celebrated holidays in America and describe howpeople usually celebrate them.VI. Questions based on further reading1. Where can you see the Old Faithful Geyser?a. Yellowstone National Parkb. Death Valleyc. Great Lakesd. Lake District2. In 1884 when fund-raising in America for the base of Statue ofLiberty was in difficulty, . came to the rescue.a. Daniel Joncaireb. Frederic-Auguste Bartholdic. Jeanne Emilied. Joseph Pulitzer3. “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.” The sentence is taken from .a. Declaration of Independenceb. the Thirteenth Amendmentc. Bill of Rightsd. Emancipation Proclamation4. is a legislative device to thwart majority action on a measure by prolonging or delaying a veto.a. Filibusterb. Tie votec. Pocket vetod. Override5. American Civil War broke out in .a. Fort Sumterb. Fort Jeffersonc. Fort Pickensd. Fort Taylor6. The time period traditionally assigned to Reconstruction is to .a. 1861, 1865b. 1862, 1868c. 1863, 1878d. 1865, 1877。
英美概况考试重点整理 美国史
Unit 1 The United States of America1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. According to the text, the large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. The Atlantic Seacoast west to the Appalachians;B. The Mississippi River Basin;C. The Rockies west to the Pacific;Unit 2 American population3. The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in 1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the south, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line.Chapter 5 The Confederation and the Constitution 1．Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a legislature; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and prefermd a more decentralized federal system of government.3. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams, the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson.4. The most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase which was about 828000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.5. The War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence. This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial economy into a really independent national economy.名词解释Confederation(邦联)：A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments , called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct of individuals.问答1. What powers do the national government and the individual states have under the Articles of confederation?the national government: conduct war & foreign affairs; make commercial treaties;negotiate with Indians; coin money & issue bills of creditthe individual states: deal with foreign countries; engage in war; issue money & bills of credit; collect taxesChapter6 American Expansion and the Civil War1.The essence of Monroe Doctrine was which later became the __cornerstone __of the US policy.2.Oregon territory was settled between Britain and the United States in_1846__.Its boundary on the north was fixed at the _forty--ninth_parallel of north latitude.3.Under Missouri Compromise,Missouri was admitted as a _slave_state，but the balance of political power maintained by admission of _Maine_as a_free_state.In addition，slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line_36°30’_ parallel.4.In 1862，the federal government took two revolutionary measures：（1）Homestead Act and（2）Emancipation Proclamation.5.In July 1863 came the turning point of of the war at Gettysburg.Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E.Lee was defeated.The battlefield was made a national cemetery,where Lincoln gave his famous speech,the Gettysburg Address on November 19,1863.6.In 1865,the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted,which abolished slavery throughout the United States.问答1.What was the Monroe Doctrine?The Monroe Doctrine written by James Monroe, declared in December of 1823, was a superlative U.S. foreign policy statement. It was precipitated by various independence movements in South America and the U.S. government's desire to discourage European nations from colonizing the Americas, and a growing American nationalism.The Monroe Doctrine stated that European nations should not intervene in countries to the south of the U.S. Finally, it promised to stay out of foreign affairs.U.S. will not interfere with European affairs in Europe.The essence of the Doctrine is“America for Americans”.Whic h later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy.As the New World developed in the years ahead this doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a border interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.名词解释1.Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address is a speech delivered by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War on November 19, 1863 after the northern victory at Gettysburg.It is regarded as one of the most significant expressions of American democracy. In just over two minutes, Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis,with "a new birth of freedom,"that would bring true equality[5] to all of its citizens.Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union, but also for theprinciple of human equality.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of Us Imperialism1、The Reconstruction Acts divided all the former confederate states, exceptTennessee, into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martial law if necessary.2、During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radicalreconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags. They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.3、The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for resortingwhite supremacy and driving blacks out of politics.名词解释Open Door PolicyIn Sino-American relations, Theodore Roosevelt pushed the so- called “Open Door Policy” which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as othe r aggressors.Chapter 8 world war I and the depression1、The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power.2、The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917 was the Germany’s unlimited submarine campaign.3、The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations.4、The United States didn’t join the League of Nations because the US Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles.5、The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.名词解释：Roaring Twenties: The ten years between 1919 and 1929, usually called the “Roaring Twenties” or the “Jazz Age”, were a time of carefree prosperity, isolation from the world’s problems, bewildering social change and a feverish pursuit of pleasure.问答题：1、Why did the US join the First World War so late?First, the United States was lack of military preparedness when the war began.Another factor for the US to join the war was the American financial and industrial commitment to the Allied cause,F inally the factor that pushed the US into the war was Germany’s submarine campaign against merchant ships.2、What were the major contents and basic ideas of the New Deal? How do you comment on the New Deal?The aims of the New Deal were to raise commodity prices by limiting production,devaluing the dollar, maintaining high tariffs on foreign goods, and to carry through a modest inflation by providing money at low rates of interest to farmers and to industry.For farmers, the Agricultural Adjustment Act was passed in 1933, which enabled the government, among other things, to pay grants to induce them to reduce the amount of products, which included such commodities as cotton, wheat, corn, pigs, rice, tobacco, milk, sugar and others.In industry Roosevelt, by the National Recovery Act of 1933, was given power to control working conditions, and to fix minimum wages.Chapter 9 American During and After World II1.The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to_sell___ certain nonprohibitedgoods to belligerent nations as long as those goods were not transported on _American_ ships.2.Stars Wars program was proposed by President _Reagan_in __1983__. Theprogram seeks to construct a defensive “shield”against incoming _missiles_.The shield would be made of _laser__ and electronic _devices _that would destroy such missiles launched to attack _ the US__名词解释1.The Cold WarDuring the time 1945-1991, because disagreed about the configuration of the post-war world, especially about that of Europe, there was a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the U.S., and the communist world, led by the USSR. The Cold War was ended with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.2.The Truman Doctrinea policy by Truman on Mar. 12, 1947 stating that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid ($400m) to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere. It was the start of the Cold War and the start of the containment policy to stop Soviet expansion. . It became the basis of U.S. Cold War policy throughout Europe and around the world.3.Marshall PlanThe economic equivalent of the containment policy was presented by secretary of state George Marshall, called Marshall plan. It was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948. the purpose of the plan was to modernize European industrial and business practices using high-efficiency American models, reduce artificial trade barriers, and instill a sense of hope and self-reliance. (The U.S. gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies to combat the spread of communism.) the plan had two major aims:(1)to keep communists out of political power in Europe. (2)to stabilize the international economic order in a way favorableto capitalism. It was one of the first elements of European integration问答1.What are the major forms of American Civil Rights Movement from 1955 to 1968?Can you give one specific examples?Boycotts; Sit-ins;Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)●On Dec. 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a public bus tomake room for a white passenger, and then Parks was arrested, tried, and convicted for disorderly conduct and violating a local ordinance.After word of this incident reached the black community, 50 African-American leaders gathered and organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott to demand a more humane bus transportation system.90% of African Americans in Montgomery partook in the boycotts, which reduced bus revenue by 80% until a federal court ordered Montgomery's buses desegregated in Nov. 1956, and the boycott ended.●Chapter 10 The Federal System and Congress1.Federalism means the division of powers by a constitution between the centralgovernment and state government. It operates only on two levels, the national and the state . Units of government within a state enjoy no independent existence. 2.Separation of powers in the United States means not only allocating legislativepower to Congress, executive power to President and judicia l power to the Supreme Court, but also giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branchesa sufficient role in the actions of the others.3.According to the Constitution, members of the House of Representatives must be25 years old and must have been citizens for 7 years. Senators must be at least 30and must have been citizens for 9 years.4.The Vice President is officially the presiding officer and is called the presidentof the Senate. In fact he seldom appears in the Senate chamber in this role unless it appears that there might be tie vote in the Senate. In such instances, he casts the tiebreaking vote. To deal with day-to-day business, the Senate chooses the president pro tempore.名词解释1 federalism: This division of powers by a constitution between the national government and state government.2 separation of powers: It means constitutional division of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches回答问题What are the three basic principles of U.S political system?The US political system was established on the basis of the three main principles-----federalism, separation of powers, and supremacy of the constitution. Federalism is the division of powers by a constitution between the national government and state government. It should be observed that federalism operates only on two levels, the national and the state .Separation of powers means constitutional division of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It meansmore than allocating legislative power to the Supreme Court. It also means giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branches a sufficient role in the actions of the others so that no one branch may dominate the others. Supremacy of the constitution means that every American citizen is required to respect the Constitution and to obey the laws of the United StatesChapter 11The President and the Judiciary1 By law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age and ofbeing a resident within the United States for 14 years can run for thepresident .The duly elected and duly qualified president-elect takes office on the 20th of January following his election.2 The Supreme Court has the power to examine the bills passed by Congress andpolicies made by President, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them. John Marshall, the most famous chief justice (1801-1835) in Americahistory, called this power of interpretation judicial review.3 There are three federal court levels: 1) the district courts, 2) the courts ofappeal, 3) the Supreme Cour t. All the judges of federal courts appointed byPresident with the consent of the Senate. The state court system also has ahierarchy of three levels: 1) superior cour ts, 2) appellate courts 3)a statesupreme court. The state court judges are usually elected. The term of the county court judges is usually four years. And the judges in higher state courts usually serve eight or twelve years for one term.问答How is the president’s power limitedThe president has no power to declare war on other countries. He can call Congress into special session and can adjourn Congress, but he cannot dismiss Congress. He cannot pardon the person who is impeached. All appropriations of the government are legislated by Congress. The Supreme Court has the power to declare the pr esident’s policy, even if it has already been approved by Congress, unconstitutional and thus abolished it. If the president abuses his power or commits crimes, he will be impeached by Congress.Chapter 12 Political Parties and ElectionThe candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes. This is known as the “winter-take-all” principle. The candidate who wins the majority of the 538 Electoral College votes will be the US President in the next four years.名词解释Election Day: the day set by law for the general elections of public officials. It occurs on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November. (The earliest possible date is November 2 and the latest possible date is November 8.)Winner-take-al l：The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’selectoral votes.问答题How is the U.S. president elected?First stage: the major parties hold conventions to choose candidates for President and Vice President and to determine the parties’ platforms.Second stage: the campaigning stage. From early fall of the election year to Election Day, candidates travel across the country and deliver countless speeches, campaigning for support.Third stage: voters to choose a slate of president electors in their state who make up the Electoral College. The candidate with the most votes will be the President in the next four years.Fourth stage: when the new Congress assembled on Jan. 6, the electoral votes are formally counted in a joint session of the two houses and the President of the Senate announces the “state of the vote”. If there’s no electoral college winner, the house of representatives choose the president.。
英美概况之美国部分中期考查试题
英美概况之美国部分中期考查试题英语113-4班英美概况之美国部分中期考查试题I. Gap-filling. (25 points)1. The lowest point of the US is .2. is the least populous state of the US.3. The official language of the US is , and the second most spoken language is . is an official language in the state of Hawaii.4. Religiously, most Americans are ; among them 52% are and 24% .5. is the residence of the President of the United States, and the Capitol Hill is home to .6. was k nown as the “Father of the Constitution” of the US.7. was the first Republican president of the US.8. is the first African-American president of the US.9. was the youngest president in the US and was the only president to win a Pulitzer Prize.10. is the tallest mountain in the US.11. is known as the Father of Waters in the US.12. is regarded as the discoverer of America.13. In 13 colonies, is the farthest south.14. President Lincoln issued after the Union Victory at Antietam.15. The National Anthem of the US is .16. The flag of the US is .17. The largest state in area in the US is , while the smallest state in area in the US is .18. The Battle of was the turning point of the American Civil War.19. The National Bird of the US is .II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided. (42 points)1. During 1838-39, the Cherokees were forced to move to the Indian Territory that is today known Louisiana. Many died during this forced migration.2. The fortune seekers who rushed to California to look for gold in 1849 were known as Forty-Niners.3. Napoleon Bonaparte was the leader of France during the Louisiana Purchase.4. The US government took over Texas in 1845 through negotiation with Mexico.5. In 1948, with the encouragement of President Andrew Jackson, Congress passed a law called the Indian Removal Act, which required that the Indians living west of the Mississippi River should move to Indian Territory east of the Mississippi.6. Columbus was the discoverer of the US which he mistook for India, while Amerigo Vespucci confirmed that the continent Columbus found was not India, so American Continent was named after Amerigo Vespucci.7. The war (1756—1763) between England and France was known in Europe as the Rench and Indian War.8. The First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in September, 1774.9. American victory at Yorktown was a turning point of American Independent War because it brought France into the war on the American side.10. The Louisiana Purchase was the most important accomplishment of Jefferson’s presidency and was the biggest land deal in American history. It doubled the size of the US andopened the door for America’s westward expansion.11. America has a nickname “Uncle Sam”. The image came from a meat provider named Samuel Wilson during the American Civil War.12. The United States is the world’s second most populous country.13. Hawaii is an island state of the United States.14. Los Angeles is the most populous city in the US.15. On July 4, 1776, The Declaration of Independence announced that the thirteen North American colonies would be the thirteen United States of America, free and independent of Great Britain, so July 4 is the national day of the US.16. The symbol of the donkey is associated with the Republican Party, while the symbol of the elephant is used to define the Democratic Party.17. The Grand Old Party or the GOP is the Republican Party.18. There are 25 Cabinet posts in all in the US.19. Five American presidents have died in office, with three of them killed by assassins.20. The Congress can impeach the president accused of a serious crime, but so far, it has never removed a president from office.21. In 1933, at the worst point in the Depression, more than half of the American work forces were unemployed.22. The Great Depression last in the US fro more than a decade.23. Germany suffered setback at Stalingrad in 1942, which was the turning point of the Second World War.24. The Cold War was from 1945 to 1991.25. After the Second World War, Germany had been dividedinto four occupation zones occupied respectively by British, Canada, America and Soviet Union.26. As a terminal lake, the Great Salt Lake is several times more saline than seawater, making it easy to float in.27. The chief and immediate cause of American Civil War was slavery.28. In the World War I, major European powers were divided into two military groups: the Allied Powers and the Central Powers.29. The First World War ended on November 11, 1918.30. Britain and America took over Germany’s colonies after the First World War.31. Three-fourths of Congress must approve an amendment before it is added to the Constitution.32. The First Tenth Amendment to the Constitution is known as the Bill of Rights.33. Election Day is on the First Tuesday after the first Monday in December every year.34. The basic function of American government is to make laws and enforce laws.35. To raise and maintain the armed forces is an expressed power given exclusively to the national government of the US.36. In 1987, Yeltsin and Reagan, the leaders of USSR and USA agreed to eliminate a whole class of their countries’ nuclear missiles.37. The number of senators from each state depends on the size of the state’s population.38. In general, the Republicans tend to be more conservative, while the Democrats tend to be more liberal.39. The major function the judicial, executive and legislativebranches is to interpret the laws, administer the laws and make the laws respectively.40. There are 27 Amendments to the US Constitution of which only 24 are active.41. It is only customary that American president runs more than twice.42. Bill Clinton was the president who was hounded by the Watergate Scandal.III. Answer the following questions. (33 points)1. List at least ten major cities of the US. (10 points)2. List at least 8 major famous buildings of New York City. (8 points)3. List at least five major landmarks of Washington D.C. (5 points)4. List at least five major rivers of the US. (5 points)5. What are the names of the five Great Lakes? (5 points)。
英美概况试题及答案考研
英美概况试题及答案考研一、选择题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 人民币答案：C4. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月16日D. 11月11日答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的全称是________。
答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的总统任期为________年。
答案：43. 英国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰三、简答题1. 简述英国的地理位置。
答案：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛的北部分、以及周边的许多小岛组成。
2. 描述美国的政治体制。
答案：美国是一个联邦制国家，实行三权分立的政治体制，包括行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。
四、论述题1. 分析英国和美国文化的主要差异。
答案：英国和美国文化的主要差异体现在语言、饮食、教育、法律和娱乐等方面。
例如，英国人更倾向于保守和传统的价值观，而美国人则更加自由和个人主义。
在饮食上，英国人喜欢传统的英式早餐，而美国人则偏爱快餐文化。
2. 讨论英美两国在国际事务中的作用。
答案：英国和美国在国际事务中扮演着重要的角色。
英国是联合国安全理事会的常任理事国之一，对全球政治和经济有着深远的影响。
美国作为世界上最大的经济体，其外交政策和军事行动对全球安全和稳定有着显著的影响。
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案解析[美国部分](可打印修改)
](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8988671da1c7aa00b42acbcf.png)
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A B C D 5. C D
III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
WORD 格式整理版
《最新英美概况》
练习参考答案
（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）
====================================================
PART TWO The United States
Chapter Eight The Land
P. 209—210 I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.
II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F
III Answer the following questions.
1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient sea routes for foreign trade.
学习指导参考
WORD 格式整理版
3. The stars and strips have different meanings. Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteen colonies before the independence of America.
英美概况部分大题及名词解释（个人整理）
英美概况部分大题及名词解释（个人整理）Terms (American Part)The legislative branchThe Congress, known as the legislative branch, is the law-making body of the United States. The U. S. Congress includes two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.The Boston Tea PartyThe East India Company, a vital source of British wealth, was allowed to export tea to the colonies without paying any import duty. Thus the company could easily undersell the independent tea merchants who had to pay import duties, which caused colonial tea merchants’opposition. They declared “no taxation without representation”. On the night of December 16, 1773, a band of men, disguised as Indians and led by Samual Adams, boarded three British ships lying at an anchor in Boston harbor and dumped the tea cargo. This late。
r became known as “Boston Tea Party”, which finally led to the outbreak of the American Independence War.The first continental congressAfter the incident of the Boston Tea party, relations between England and colonies continued to deteriorate. In the face of such a grave situation ,colonial delegates from 12 colonies (Georgia did not send its delegates) met in Philadelphia on September 5 ,1774, “to consult upon the present unhappy state of the colonies ”. This meeting has been known as the First Continental Congress. After heated debate and repeated compromise, the First Continental Congress drew up a formal document known as Declaration of Rights and Grievances.The Emancipation ProclamationThe changed military situation prompted Lincoln to take his decisive step. He had been considering the advisability of liberating the black slaves in the South. After the Federal troops won big victories, Lincoln believed the time had come and on September 22, 1862, he issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1, 1863. It provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the union. As a result, abolition of slavery became an objective of the war in addition to the declared objective of saving the Union.The Cabinet in the United StateThe cabinet is a nucleus of leadership under the President in the administrative branch. It is made up of heads of the major departments and other persons chosen by the President. They advise the President on important problems concerning the administration of national affairs.A sheriffSheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of a county. His duties, limited to areas outside cities in the county, include collecting taxes, enforcing orders, maintaining the jail, serving legal papers, and patrolling on country highways. Most sheriffs are elected by local voters. They are usually paid through fees for each job performed rather than on a regular salary basis.Terms (The Britain Part)The Hundred Years’ WarsIt referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they weredefeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.The Black DeathBlack Death swept through England in the summer of 1348. It killed between 1/2 and 1/3 of the population of England.As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.Villeins struggled for freedom, but the parliament passed “statutes of laborers”, which provided ideological preparation for the labor movement.The War of the roses1. Rival groups:the House of Lancaster & the House of York2. The name of the war:The Lancastrians wore the badge of the red rose and the Yorkists wore the badge of the white rose, so the war got such a name.3. Nature of the war:Feudal civil war, for power and wealth, for the possession of the Crown4. Reason:In the Hund red Years’War, the loss was great. So the war-like nobles wanted to recoup for the loss, thus they all wanted to get power. The English nobles began to be divided and began to support different groups, in such a situation, the war broke out. At that time, the House of Lancaster was in power and Henry VI(1422-1461) was the king and the House of York wanted to displace the House of Lancaster.5. Result:The Yorkist got complete victory, but a third House, theHouse of Tudor got the power. Henry VII became the king. So a new important Dynasty began in English history.6. ConsequenceAlthough the Wars of the Roses were waged intermittently for 30 years, ordinary people were little affected. From these wars feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened and discredited. The king’s power now became supreme. This war shook off much of the feudal burden, so it paved way for the development of capitalism.Elizabeth IOne of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.1. Her attitude toward Catholic Church and Protestantsa.Finished establishing the Church of Englandb.Defender of faith in England/doc/d078fea4f524ccbff1218466.html mon Prayer Book and the English selection of the Bookd.Appointed Clergyman and bishops2. Her policy with Spaina. She encouraged English adventurers to make explorations in America and Africa1.Explorers: Drale; Raleigh; Hawkins2.East Indian Companyb. A war with Armada—the Invincible Fleetc.Elizabeth was the foundation layer of the English EmpireThe juryA legal system established in England since king Henry II. Thejury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decide the issue of guilt or innocence.Public SchoolsFee- paying secondary schools which are long established and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boys’ public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’ famous schools include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.Questions (The American Part)1. What are American’s particular conditions which complicate the class structure in the United States?First, America is the world’s richest industrial country where even common workers have rich and good life.Secondly, the many different ethnic groups and long-standing racial discrimination often obsure the fact that not all the rich people are white people and not all the blacks are poor.Thirdly, most of the middle-class Americans, despite their high income and comfortable life, are also ”workers”, or white-collar workers.Fourthly, American society is said to be a “fluid”or “mobile”society in which people change their positions frequently and few privileged households can hold their privileged positions for generations.Fifthly, many Americans, about 50 million, are shareholders of different kinds. And most farmers are the owners of large farms. They might occasionally employ farm laborers , but theydo not make up the exploiting class.Lastly, the meaning of the “affluent”, “privileged”, “under-privileged”has changed a lot because the standard of living is relative.2. Describe roughly the regional differences in weather and climate in the United States.The Atlantic Seacoast and the Appalachian Mountains in the east; the great Mississippi River Basin in the middle, and the Rockies west to the Pacific Oceans. These three areas are rough divisions, with each having its own diversity in geography.1. The Atlantic Seacoast and the Appalachian Mountains*the Atlantic Seacoast a coastal plain*the first settlement for the early immigrants*known as the tide-water region*have all kinds of farms*on the west side is the Fall Line2. The Great Mississippi River Basin*the larges area walled in by the Appalachian Mountains on the east and the Rocky Mountains on the west*the north of it reaches the border of Canada ，the south it borders on the Gulf ofMexico*the “Barn of America” becau se it is large and has rich soil3. The Rockies West to the Pacific Ocean*to the west of the Mississippi River Basin are the Rocky Mountains*high, sharp and rugged*often capped with snow. The whole tremendous system of the Rockies includes many mountain ranges*to the west are the Sierra Nevada Mountains and theCascade Mountains It can be concluded that America has varied geographical features with large mountains, round-topped hills, big plains, dry deserts and low basins.3. How was the second English colony----Massachusetts established?In September, 1620, a group of 102 puritans known as Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth, England, and sailed for America in the ship named mayflower, in order to seek freedom of religion. The Pilgrim Fathers suffered terrible hardships and some survived. On the last Thursday in November of 1621, they celebrated their first Thanksgiving Day with a feast to thank God for their protection. They founded their first settlement which was named Plymouth. It was in present-day Massachusetts.4. Describe roughly the contributing factors to Lincoln’s population.There are many contributing factors to Lincoln’s popularity. His personal experience embodied the American belief (dream) that everyone could become rich, successful and famous through his own efforts.He managed to learn knowledge by reading books. He studied law and later became a lawyer. He ran many campaigns until he became the U.S. President.He was also admired by common Americans for his excellent character. He was a frontiersman who had to rough it out for survival and self-fulfillment.(As a frontiersman, he cultivated his honesty and candidness.)He was a patient man and he advocated tolerance.He was an advocate of forgiveness. He appealed to Americans to forgive the rebels.He devoted himself to his duty whole-heartedly.In addition to his brave and glorious Emancipation Proclamation, He is also remembered for his famous Gettysburg Address which is still cherished by Americans.Lincoln’s greatest contrib ution to the United States was that he saved the Union.5. Describe roughly the powers of the U.S. President.The executive branch, also known as the Administration, is headed by the President who is also head of state.The U.S. President is commanded by the Constitution to “preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States”and to “take care that the laws be faithfully executed.”He can issue rules, regulations and instructions whi ch, known as executive orders, have the binding force of laws upon federal agencies. He is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of the United States and has the power to raise, train, supervise, and deploy American armed forces, provided Congress shows no disagreement.The President is to supervise and direct the work of the people whose job is to takecare of the day-to-day enforcement of the federal laws .The President appoints the heads of these departments and agencies and other high-ranking federal officials with the approval of the Senate. They are responsible to the President and report to him on their work. The President may ask any of them to resign if he wants to do so.The President controls American foreign policy .Final decisions on important problems are always made by the President.The President plays an important role in making laws for the nation. All the bills passed by Congress must be signed by thePresident before becoming laws. If the President does not like a certain bill, he can veto it by refusing to sign it and return it back to Congress. Only the consensus of two-thirds of the members in both houses can override the veto.The President checks the judicial branch which is known as the Supreme Court of the United States. The President has the power to pardon anyone who has been convicted of violating Federal laws.Questions (The Briton Part)1. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?ContentA. the king was not to exact payments from the feudal vassals without their consent;B. the laws were not to be modified by the arbitrary action of the king;C. should the king attempt to free himself from law, the vassals had the right to force the king to obey it, by civil war or by otherwise.Significance:A. It granted to the towns people freedom of trade and self-government.B. The merchants and craftsmen in England appeared for the first time as a new political force.C. The basic mass of peasantry, who constituted five-sixths of the population, was not taken into consideration.2. What do you know about the English Renaissance?DefinitionRenaissance means rebirth—Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome. It began in the lastdecade of 15th century & reaching its height in the first 15 years of 16th century. It was a cultural movement that rose with the bourgeoisie.Humanists—The thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called Humanists. The great English humanist was Thomas More, who wrote his masterpiece “Utopia”.Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th century and spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet Chaucer, the nativeliterature was vigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them;(4) English Renaissance literature is chiefly artistic, rather than philosophical and scholarly; (5) the Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.The English Renaissance was largely literary, and achieved its finest expression in the so-called Elizabethan drama. Its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare.3. How did the “Glorious Revolution” break out? What was the significance of it?In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James, who was brought up in exile in Europe, was aCatholic; He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, no any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. William and his wife Mary were both protestants and became co-monarchs. They accepted the Bill o f Rights. It’s the beginning of the age of constitutional monarchy.4. What is your comment on land enclosure in England?DefinitionAt the end of the 15th century, the manufacture of woolen cloth in England became an important source of wealth and a major export. The cloth industry increased the value of wool. Raising sheep became more profitable. This encouraged the landlords to convert arable land into pastures. Later some of the nobility and merchants started to enclose the land. Large areas of land were fenced without any warning to the peasants. This process was known as Enclosure Movement.The results of Enclosure MovementA. The primitive accumulation of capitalB. The continuation of the supply of cheap laborThese two factors paved the way for the development of capitalism.5. What is constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Briton? What is the role of the Monarchy in the Briton government?A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does notrule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty’s Government —— a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament.The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.The sovereign is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the crown and the “supreme governor” of the established church of England.。
最新英美概况练习参考答案解析美国部分
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）PART TWO The Un ited StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209 —210I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.the Star-Spa ngled Bann er, Defe nse of Fort McHe nry, 1812.2.the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3.The White House, The Capitol, The Pen tag on.th th4.June, 14 , June 14 .5.the Potomac, no state, the Federal gover nment.6.36, 36 states.7.Amerigo Vespucci, America n War of In depe ndence.8.Pierre L ' Enfant, light, service.II Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1.(1) At first the Continent was named as “America ” after explorer AmerigoVespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies first used “the thirteenunited States of America ” in the Declaration ofIndependence .(3) The official n ame of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, whe n theSecond Con ti nen tal Con gress passed the Articles of Con federati on2.The 50 stars represe nt the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represe nt theorigi nal thirtee n coloni es.White in dicates purity and innocence; red in dicates valour and bravery, andblue symbolizes vigila nee, persevera nee and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3.The stars and strips have differe nt meanin gs.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirtee ncolonies before the in depe ndence of America.4.(1) The lyrics of the n ati onal an them come from “ Defense of Fort McHenry ” ,a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “ TheAn acre on ticSong" (or “ To An acre on in Heave n ”)(2) The Star-Spa ngled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was made the n ati onal anthem by con gress on March 3, 1931, which was sig ned by Preside nt Herbert Hoover.5.The White House was built in 1792 and its origi nal color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repa in ted white.Preside nt Roosevelt named it “ White House" in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.the cen tral part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2.48, Hawaii, Alaska.3.the Rio Gran de, Pacific.4.9,629,091, the third, Ca nada.5.Alaska, Texas.6.Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII An swer the follow ing questi ons.1.(1) The Atla ntic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient searoutes for foreig n trade.(2)The long coastl ine with many harbors and in lets provides favorable con diti ons for foreig n tradeand the fish ing in dustry.(3)Mainland America, mainly with in the northern temperate zon e, is favorable for agriculture.2.The U.S. and Canada share the “world's Iongest undefended border . ” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Militarycollaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relati on ship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members andhave high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Can adia ns and America ns are in close cultural proximity, shari ng the same Ian guage, similar religi on and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other ' s No. 1 trading part ner for years) that the two coun tries have established the North America nFree Trade Agreement, the world ' s largest free -trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standardof living (Canada' s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expe nsive but also unn ecessary (in a sen se, impossible, because it is too Ion g), because n either people worry that their n eighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3.The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the Americanside) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexicofreely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a hugedisparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capitaGDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S.are Mexica ns, and milli ons more pla n to en ter the U.S. They try to ben efit from the America n bus in ess or job opport un ities or from the America n welfare system or even to en gage in drug-traffick ing and smuggli ng. Ano ther purpose is tocombat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexica n border areas wit ness the most serious drug-traffick ing and gangviolenee in the world. SomeMexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violenee in recent years, try to escape from the violenee in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if theUS-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions ofMexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4.Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic and Pacific oceans, so it ' simportant for strategic position and transportation.5.Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place to enjoy the ocea nicsce nery.It is famous for n atural seen ery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Isla nd.P. 221 —222I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.ke Superior, Erie, On tario.2.Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3.the Rockies, the father of waters.4.dairy farmi ng. Harvard, Yale, MIT.5.Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6.38, Yellowsto ne Natio nal Park, Old Faithful.7.4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8.Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9.half, “ Barn of America ” , Great Lakes.10.dividi ng line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1.New England is a region in the northeasterin corner of the United Statescon sisti ng of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,Rhode Isla nd, and Conn ecticut, where the earliest En glish settleme nts in NorthAmerica was made.In the late 18th cen tury, the New En gla nd Col on ies in itiated the resista nce tothe British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. Theconfrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the Un ited States of America.2.The Appalachia ns holds one sixth of the con ti nen tal territory. The mountainsare relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3.It is the most important and Iongest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km.from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth Iongest river in the world. With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father o f waters ”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4.They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world ' s fresh water. All the fivelakes are in ter-c onn ected, reach ing the Atla ntic byway of the St. Lawre nce River. They are the importa nt econo mic lifeli ne of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts nu merous visitors.5.The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, andcovers a distanee of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and isorig in ally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is stilla cattle country . Much of the nation ' wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the“ breadbaske t ” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River.It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as nationalpark. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide betwee n the tops ofits steep walls, and more tha n a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.little, 63%.2.the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3.Bin gham.4.1/3, Washi ngt on, Oreg on.5.Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6.gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1.America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little troublewith water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and nu merous fertile valleys.2.About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests arein the states of Wash ington and Orego n. America has about 500 millio n acres ofcommercial forests and about 75%of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the coun try.3.In 1848, gold was discovered in Califor nia. The n ews soon spread out, andthousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California . The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants becameknown as the '49ers.4.Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves areto be found in the Appalachia ns, the Cen tral Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachia ns and the areas n ear Lake Superior, and themost importa nt mining area is in Minn esota.P. 226--227I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.northern temperate （P225 书中该词拼写错误）,Iandforms and surrounding waters.2.temperate, tropical.3.temperate, north, hurrica nes.4.maritime, disti net, similar.5.Mediterra nean, arid, semiarid.6.temperate, temperature.II An swer the follow ing questi ons.1.The Un ited States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owi ng to its large size,varied Ian dforms and surr ounding waters, the climateis tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Bas in.2.New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a longcold win ter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the regi onreceives ple nty of rai nfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, butthe average temperature is a little higher.3.The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is verycold in win ter and very hot in summer, with ofte n strong win ds.4.The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold; summers arevery hot; the regi on receives sufficie nt rain fall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudde n and extreme cha nges in temperature and creates many torn adoes.P. 232I Decide which of the followi ng stateme nts is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write dow n the n ames of the places accord ing to the photos.1.Golde n Gate Bridge, San Fran cisco2.Niagara Fallss Vegas4.Red Rock Cou ntry5.The Grand Canyon6.Disn eyla ndP. 240I Decide which of the followi ng stateme nts is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.third, China, 313.7 million. （书中 in 2010 错误,应改为 in 2012.）2.1%, high, below.3.urba n, 250.4.no rtheaster n part, 1/4, half.5.New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6.Califor nia, Texas.II An swer the follow ing questi ons.1.American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the main stream, and takesup about 72.4% of the total populati on. Hispa nics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asia ns 4.8 %, America n In dia ns and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2.The most den sely populated regi on is the no rtheaster n area, in cludi ng parts ofNew England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.paring with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low.The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4.The no rtheaster n part is the most den sely populated regi on in America, becausethis place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Si nee the un favorable livi ng con diti ons in the west part of the Great Plai ns andRockies, the populati on is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid developme nt inrecent years, the populati on in creases fast, and the populati on along the PacificCoast grows den se.P. 247--248I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.55 million, Mexico.2.variety, 100, 31.3.Africa n America ns, slaves.4.Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5.Texas, New Mexico.6.American Indians, Indian Reservations.II An swer the follow ing questi ons.1.Melt ing pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many eth nic groups fromdiffere nt parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religi on. They have bee n dissipati ng their different ethnic cultu res towards some “standard ” by living and workingtogether in the “melting pot ” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2.Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live in these barre ndesert places whe n Europea ns settled in America n con ti nent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own cultureand customs.But the Reservati ons lacked basic public facilities and life-susta ining opport un ities. The situati on is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3.The Hispa nics are Spani sh-speak ing people from Lati n America. Over half ofHispa nic America ns are of Mexica n desce nts. The sec ond largest group is of Puerto Rica n orig in.Other origi ns in clude Cuba n America ns, Colombia n America ns, Dominican America ns, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.337, 176.2.Spani sh, Fren ch.3.En glish, America n.4.Spani sh, Spani sh.5.Canton ese, third, Chin ese America n.6.their n ative, En glish.II An swer the follow ing questi ons.1.About 337 Ian guages are spoke n by America ns, of which 176 are in dige no us, and52 Ian guages formerly spoke n in the country are now ext inct.2.American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes in spelling,grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3.Spanish is the sec ond most com mon Ian guage in America. The Un ited States holdsthe world ' s fifth largest Spanish -speaking population. Spanish is also anofficial Ianguage of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught secondIan guage in America.4.The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami, Florida; NewYork City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.high adhere nee, diversity.2.Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3.30, Baptists, Methodists.4.Judaism, Chin ese America ns.5.Africa n America ns, Africa n slaves.6.In dia, Asia n coun tries.II An swer the follow ing questi ons.1.The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Con stituti on. The First Amendme nt of the US Con stituti on guara ntees the freeexercise of religio n and fords the establishme nt of any religious gover nment.2.Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charity and culture)as well as in its international relations.America n foreig n aid (gover nmen tal and private) is very closely related toreligion, and based on Christian values that all men and womenare the childrenof God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on humanrights and criticizes the humanrights records in many countries(of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as in terferi ng the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad,establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what themissionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>).They worked with the America n gover nment for the diffusi on of their religio n and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A veryimportant mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religi on, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisi ons of war and peace, such as the America n war on terror in Iraq and Afgha ni sta n.3.Their basic beliefs in clude the love of lear ning; the worship of God out of love, not out of fear; and theperform ing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.4.The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, andHin duism, etc.P. 257I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.racial, cultural2.hard work3.formal class system4.“do-it- yourself ”5.The Epic of AmericaP. 261-262I Fill in the bla nks with n ames of the holidays.New Year' s DayThe third Mon day in Janu ary, Martin Luther King DayWashington' s Birthday, Presidents DayThe last Mon day in May, America n CivilIn depe ndence Day, "Fourth of July ”Columbus Day, Christopher ColumbusNovember 11The fourth Thursday in November, Than ksgivi ng DayDecember 25, Christmas Day, Jesus ChristP. 264I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.19352.Fran kli n Roosevelt3.Aid to families with Depe ndent Childre n (AFDC)4.MedicareP. 270I Decide which of the followi ng stateme nts is TRUE:1.T2. F3. T4. F5. TP. 275I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.Baseball2.America n football3.the Dream Team4.the Australia n Open, the French Open, Wimbled on, the US Open5.mixed martial artsP. 279I Decide which of the followi ng stateme nts is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. T5. TP. 286-287I Link the follow ing great n ames with famous say ings below them.B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, HChapter Ten A Brief History of the United StatesP. 290-291I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1. a broad land bridge2.adapted to the different environments they lived in3.hunting, fishing4.collectiveII Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. D2. C3. C (书中C选项中的第四个词“no”删掉)4. C5.AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. T5. TIV An swer the followi ng questi ons.1.Men zies argued that Zhen ghe discovered North America much earlier tha n Columbusdid. He prese nted many archeological findings of Chin ese articles in North America whichwere believed to be leftbehind by Zheng ' s fleet.2.Some Native America ns tribes lived in the easter n woods, some inthe wester n deserts, others along the coastal areas, therefore different cultures andIanguages evolved due to the differentenvironment con diti ons.3.Native America ns had developed a relative high civilizati on (somecould plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses with many rooms,while others could also weave clothes and make pottery). They had collectiveownership of meansof production and womenin sometribe enjoyed high status.4.Native America ns believed that everyth ing in n ature had spiritualpower. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend thespiritual power in n ature and get puni shed.5.The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who mademany descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people thenthought he had first discovered North America.P. 293-294I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.several times larger2.New Netherla nd3.West India4.make France the most powerful nation in Europe and North AmericaII Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. D2. D3. D4. A5. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. FIV An swer the followi ng questi ons.1.Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to serve theirking and to spread their religi on.2.People from many places lived together peacefully, they spoke many differe nt Ian guages,had differe nt religi ons, they lear ned to betolerant and contributed to the diversity in today ' s America.3.King Louis XIV wan ted to develop NewFra nee to make France stron ger tha n Great Britain and Spain by exploit ing the n atural resources inNew France.4.The major colonies established by major European powers includedNew Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies inNorth America. Most colonies were established through the use of force becauseEuropean settlers were militarily more powerful than NativeAmerica ns who had only primitive weap ons such as spears and arrows.P. 297-298I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.Jamestown, Georgia2. Purita ns wan ted to be able to com mun icate with God directly through readi ng theBible to un dersta nd God; educati on was also importa ntin cultivat ing democracy among its citize ns.3.build a school supported by tax4.diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant5.rural and engaged in farmingII Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. A2. D3. D4. C5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV An swer the followi ng questi ons.1.Because they were persecuted back in Britai n and they wan ted to establish “ a city uponhill ” in the New World for the rest of the world to look upon.2.Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there were thirtee n coloniesbefore the America n War for In depe ndence.3.The differe nces were a result of differe nt climate patter ns,differe nt settlers and their values and beliefs.4.The Mayflower Compact was important because it expressed people ' s will to govern bythemselves. It started the democratic elect ion ofleaders and people reached a consen sus that they would abide by the just and equal lawspassed by their chose n leaders.5.Slavery was mostly in the souther n colonies because of the climatecon diti on in the South where summer is long and hot while win ter short and warm. Theland is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makesplanting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable inthe South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till the land in the hot climate). P. 301-302I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy2.they were actually British subjects and n eeded British protecti on3.t hey believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.4.the clos ing of the port of Bost on, deprivi ng the self-rule of Massachusetts5.appeali ng to the En glish ki ng to abolish the In tolerable ActsII Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. D2. A3. A4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV An swer the followi ng questi ons.1.After the Seven Years ' War, Brita in tighte ned its econo mic and political control over thecolonists, who resisted the British con trol because they had bee n used to a high-degreeaut onomy and democracy.2.They were named the "Intolerable Acts ” because the measures were in tolerable to thecoloni sts. The Acts hurt the econo mic in terestsand violated rights of the coloni sts. The acts in cluded clos ing the port of Bost on, thedeprivati on of self-rule of Massachusetts and others.3.The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages of beingfamiliar with the home battleground. They also received foreign aidfrom France, Spain and the Netherla nds.4.The Declaration of Independence is significant because it announcedcolonists ' belief (the first in the world) that all people are equaland have some n atural rights (life, liberty, etc.) that cannot be violated. It alsoestablishes a political principle that a governmentshould protect people ' s rights since its power comes from people.If a government violates people ' s rights, people then have the right to overthrow it andestablish a new one that can serve people well.The America n Revoluti on is importa nt because it gave birth to the first modernrepublic in the world. It is the first time that coloniesdefeated tyra nni cal oppressors and won in depe ndence, sett ing a good example forother coloni es.5.Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.P. 307-308I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1.the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonieslio ns of acres of land3.through war, purchase and threats.4.the Manifest Destiny5.opportunities to realize their dreamsII Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. D2. BC3. D4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TIV An swer the followi ng questi ons.many people opposed and an ti-democracy1. Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become a worldpower; econo mically, it financed the America n developme nt;culturally, it is the source of many literary creatio ns and helpedto forge the America n n ati onal character.2. Manyaspects of the American national character can find their rootsin the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence, optimism and creativity.3.It was in n ature an excuse to justify their aggressive expa nsion. 4. American Indians were the real owners of the land and surelyresisted the expa nsion of the whites. To get their land, the whitesrepeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited the In dia ns.Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors were driven to Indian reservations. ManyIndians are still living in poverty.5. Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed the people and revenuefinanced the America n econo mic growth; it alsocontributed a great deal to the American Industrializationbyprovidi ngrich resources, cheap labor and a huge market for in dustrial products. P. 311-312I Fill in the bla nks with proper words or expressi ons.1. willingly2. unified, high/protective, free3. would be solved by itself4. abolitionists, abolitionII Choose the an swer that best completes the senten ce.1. B2. ABCD3. ABCD4. AD5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Slavery broke up the domestic market, mak ing the free moveme nt of capital and labor impossible.2. Politically, the balanee between the North and South was broken whenmore states entered the Union as free states and the South was afraid that the Northwould try to abolish slavery when the North could gather eno ugh votes to pass laws unfavorable to the South; econo mically, theNorth wan ted to develop capitalism which dema nded free labor, hightariffs and a uni fied market and the South wan ted to retain itspla ntati on economy based on slavery; culturally,slavery because of its inhumanity,anti-equality nature.。
英美概况考试要点(美国部分)
The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest state of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。
The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。
The Mississippi River is the largest river in American, over 6000 kilometers.The Mississippi has been called "father of waters "or "old man river"密西西比河是美国最长河流，有被称作“众水之父”或“老人河”。
Many factors besides latitude influence the climate in the United States. Perhaps the most important forces are the Atlantic and Pacific oceans,the Gulf of Mexico ,and the Great Lakes.影响美国气候的最主要的因素为：太平洋，和大西泮，墨西哥湾，五大湖。
英美概况 美国历史练习题
英美概况美国历史练习题I. Multiple Choices1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia14. The pamphlet "Common Sense" was written by _____.A. Thomas EdisonB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the "Intolerable Acts"B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S.won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/319. In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of _____.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin20. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington's administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston22. It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A. Alexander HamiltonB. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington23. _____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison24. The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A. James MadisonB. James MonroeC. John Adams25. The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance's program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance26. _____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A. John AdamsB. Andrew JacksonC. Andrew Johnson27. _____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A. Douglas BillB. Monroe DoctrineC. Sedition Act28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32. In 1918 President _____ issued the "Fourteen Points".A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding33. Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Washington34. In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A. firstB. secondC. third35. McCarthy was notorious for his harsh _____ persecution of the progressive people.A. religiousB. spiritualC. political36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people37. On August 14, 1914, the U.S. and Britain issued a joint communiqué called _____.A. the Teheran DeclarationB. the Atlantic CharterC. the Washington Proclamation38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called "_____", invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Ferdinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4546. At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Casablanca47. In July 1945, Britain, the U.S. and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany. The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A. CairoB. TeheranC. PotsdamD. Quebec48. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versailles TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam51. The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A. 1920B. 1918C. 191952. The U.S. Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as its general secretary.A. LevestoneB. William FosterC. Earl Browder53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programmer of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones59. There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970's.A. sixB. fiveC. seven60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighborB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon's historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 197363. In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A. the Korean WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the US-Spanish War64. On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese65. The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A. 13B. 50C. 4866. The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern67. _____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A. The English KingB. the local governmentC. the local people68. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B69. _____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George IB. King George IIIC. King George II70. In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York71. President Nixon visited China in _____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197272. _____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson73. The city's name "Philadelphia" means _____.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy答案：1-5 BDBBA 6-10ABCBA 11-15AABBC 16-20CABAB 21-25AABAA 26-30BABBC 30-35AABAC 36-40ABABC 41-45CBCAA 46-50BCABA 51-55CBABC 56-60CABAC 61-65 ABACA 66-70AABBA 71-73CCA。
英美概况考试题目及答案
英美概况考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 巴黎B. 伦敦C. 纽约D. 华盛顿特区答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 4月17日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国最大的城市是哪个？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：B5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：B7. 英国的哪个城市是著名的文化和艺术中心？A. 爱丁堡B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 格拉斯哥答案：A8. 美国的哪个州被誉为“黄金之州”？A. 德克萨斯州B. 加利福尼亚州C. 佛罗里达州D. 纽约州答案：B9. 英国的哪位君主在位时间最长？A. 伊丽莎白一世B. 维多利亚女王C. 乔治三世D. 伊丽莎白二世答案：D10. 美国的哪个国家公园以其壮观的峡谷景观而闻名？A. 黄石国家公园B. 大峡谷国家公园C. 优胜美地国家公园D. 阿卡迪亚国家公园答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 英国是由______、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。
答案：英格兰12. 美国的首都华盛顿特区是为了纪念美国的第一位总统______而命名的。
答案：乔治·华盛顿13. 英国的国花是______。
答案：玫瑰14. 美国的宪法规定了______个分支的政府。
答案：三15. 英国的______是英国君主的正式住所，也是英国王室的行政总部。
答案：白金汉宫16. 美国的______是该国最大的河流系统，流经美国的中部大平原。
答案：密西西比河17. 英国的______是该国最大的政党之一，传统上与劳动阶级联系在一起。
答案：工党18. 美国的______是该国最高法院的所在地，也是司法部门的象征。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The United StatesI. Choose the correct answer.1. In area, the United States is the c largest country in the world.a. 2ndb. 3rdc. 4thd. 5th2. The Midwest in the US refers to the region d .a. west of the Mississippi Valleyb. west of the Appalachian Mountainsc. east of the Rocky Mountainsd. around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3. The Backbone of North America refers to the b .a. Appalachian Mountainsb. Rocky Mountainsc. the Rocky Mountainsd. Sierra Nevada Mountains4. Death Valley is on the western edge of a .a. the Great Basinb. Californiac. the Rocky Mountainsd. the Sierra Nevada Mountains5. Which region might have a dust storm in summer ca. The Deep South.b. The Middle West.c. The Great Plainsd. The Central Valley of California.6. Which area has the highest rainfall in the US ba. The region around the Great Lakes.b. The western part of Washington State.c. The Middle Atlantic states.d. The Central Valley of California.7. The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except b .a. Canadab. Japanc. Venezuelad. Saudi Arabia8. The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in b .a. Californiab. Utahc. Montanad. South Dakota9. The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of ancestry. ca. Spanishb. Frenchc. Britishd. Dutch10. How many immigrants were legally received by the US each year duringthe 1980s ba. About 270,000.b. About 700,000.c. About 675,000.d. About 800,00011. The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US untild .a. 1860b. 1863c. 1918d. 195412. American Indians now mainly live in the a .a. Southb. Westc. Midwestd. Northeast13. The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countriesexcept c .a. Mexicob. Cubac. Spaind. Puerto Rico14. According to the text, which region now leads in percentage increasein population ca. The Northeast.b. The Great Plains.c. The South.d. The West.15. According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state inthe US is c .a. Californiab. New Yorkc. Texasd. Washington16. The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in allregion b .a. the Northeastb. the Southc. the Midwestd. the West17. According to the text, the ancestors of the present American Indianscame from c .a. Europeb. Africac. Asiad. Mongolia18. Which is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century aa. The ambition for the cast lands.b. The strong desire for Eastern goods.c. The improvements in navigation and naval architecture.d. The great spirit of adventure started by the Renaissance.19. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach c .a. the New worldb. the West Indiesc. Indiad. America20 Among the following navigators who discovered the route to India ba. Christopher Columbus.b. Vasco da Gama.c. Bartholoneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.21. Who was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the Eastba. Jacques Cartier.b. John Cabot.c. Bartholeneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.22. Which colony in the following was not founded first by the Englishca. Virginia.b. Massachusetts.c. New Yorkd. Georgia.23. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones exceptd .a. New Yorkb. Pennsylvaniac. Marylandd. Virginia24. The last one fo the 13 colonies was c , which was established in 1733.a. North Carolinab. South Carolinac. Georgiad. Maryland25. There was a great change in British policy towards the 13 coloniesafter .a. 1760b. 1763c. 1764d. 176726. Which Act first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies ba. The Sugar Act of 1764.b. The Stamp Act of 1765.c. The Quartering Act of 1765.d. The Tea Act27. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order toc .a. get more money from the coloniesb. provide cheap tea for the American consumersc. help the British East India Companyd. monopolize the American tea business28. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representativesfrom all the colonies except d .a. Delawareb. Pennsylvaniac. Massachusettsd, Georgia29. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired inb .a. Concordb. Lexingtonc. Philadelphiad. Boston30. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists tod .a. abolish slavery in the coloniesb. continue a shipping trade with Englandc. win independence through peaceful meansd. declare their independence31. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence wasb .a. Benjamin Franklinb. Thomas Jeffersonc. George Washingtond. John Adams32. Which victory was considered as the turning point of the War ofIndependence ca. The victory at Trenton.b. The victory at Boston.c. The victory at Saratoga.d. The victory at Yorktown.33. The Confederation created in 1781 was a a .a. very loose union of statesb. very powerful central governmentc. very firm league of statesd. weak government without the legislative power34. Who was called the Father of the US Constitution da. George Washington.b. Benjamin Franklin.c. Alexander Hamilton.d. James Madison.35. According to the text, the Constitution was framed on the following ideas except that d .a. there should be three branches of government: one to make laws, another to execute them, and a third to settle questions of lawb. the three branches should be able to check and balance the otherc. the national government is a government of the people, and not of states aloned. the new government should impose its authority on the people through states36. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called c .a. Democratsb. Republicansc. Federalistsd. Antifederalists37. How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution ba. Eightb. Ninec. Elevend. Thirteen38. Which is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers da. They support the ratification of the Constitutionb. The defend the principles of the Constitutionc. They help dispel the fears of a national authorityd. They spell out the people’s right39. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at leastc of the states.a. one-thirdb. two-thirdsc. three-fourthsd. three-fifths40. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US presidentwas b .a. Thomas Jeffersonb. James Madisonc. John Adamsd. James Monroe41. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas exceptd .a. non-colonizationb. America for Americansc. non-interventiond. Latin America for Europeans42. The US continental expansion was almost complete by d .a. 1840b. 1845c. 1846d. 184843. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly becauseof the b .a. use of irrigation on plantationb. Whitney’s cotton ginc. slave labourd. improved agricultural techniques44. in 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some b .a. slaveholdersb. abolitionistsc. democratsd. proslavery persons45. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that heb .a. would abolish slavery in the Southb. would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Unionc. would wage a war against slaveryd. had no idea to abolish slavery in the South46. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamationis not accurate aa. It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States.b. It freed slaves only in the Confederacy.c. It brought many blacks to serve in the Union Army.d. It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war.47. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its d .a. manpowerb. superior military leadershipc. European alliesd. industrial superiority48. An advantage the South had over the North was its d .a. great mineral resourcesb. great number of railroadsc. manpowerd. superior military leadership49. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings wasb .a. James Buchananb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays50. The radical Reconstruction was ended under President d .a. Abraham Lincolnb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays51. Gold was discovered in California in c .a. 1828b. 1838c. 1848d. 185852. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed inc .a. 1850b. 1859c. 1869d. 189053. Telephone was invented in 1876 by b .a. Thomas B. Edisonb. Alexander D. Bellc. Guglielmo Marconid. George Westinghouse54. According to the text the value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by d .a. 1860b. 1890c. 1894d. 190055. The first imperialist, the US-Spanish War, broke out in c .a. 1886b. 1890c. 1898d. 190056. After US-Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas exceptd .a. Puerto Ricob. Guamc. the Philippinesd. Cuba57. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the firstplace in economy in Europe was a .a. Germanyb. Francec. Britaind. Russia58. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately calledupon the American people to b .a. be ready for the warb. observe strict neutralityc. give financial help to the Alliesd. end the trade relations with Germany59. The US joined the First World War in d .a. 1914b. 1915c. 1916d. 191760. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of d .a. disarmamentb. creation of an international organization of nationsc. freedom of the seas, in peace and ward. creation of an international peacekeeping force61. Which statement about the US in 1920s is not true ba. The gross national product rose.b. Only the rich could afford new consumer goods.c. The youth suspected the values of the older generation.d. There was a fast urbanization in the whole country.62. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thought that thebasic role of the Government was to b .a. provide government aid for the poorb. create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprisesc. intervene in the affairs of economyd. take the responsibility for the welfare of the people63. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of d .a. soil erosionb. declining labor supplyc. inflationd. overproduction64. Which one is not right to comment on the New Deal da. It relieved unemployment through a vast scheme of public works.b. It offered relief to farmers through providing money at low rates of interest.c. It brought in old age and unemployment insurance through providing a system of pension.d. It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar.65. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except d .a. the prohibition of the sale of arms or equipment to nations at warb. the prohibition of loans to belligerent nationsc. cash-and-carry policyd. active intervention to prevent aggression66. The US formerly entered the Second World War in d .a. 1937b. 1939c. 1940d. 194167. Normandy Landing took place on a .a. June 6, 1944b. July 6, 1944c. April 30, 1945d. April 12, 194568. At which conference did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to calla conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945 da. The Conference in Teheran, on Nov. 28, 1943.b. The Conference in Cairo, on Nov. 23, 1943.c. The Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, in the fall of 1944.d. Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945.69. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as c .a. containment policyb. Truman Planc. Marshall Pland. Communist prevention70. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of b .a. economic equalityb. nonviolencec. military protestd. black power71. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under Presidentc .a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. John F. Kennedyc. Lyndon B. Johnsond. Richard M. Nixon72. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between Chinaand the US was established under President b .a. Nixonb. Carterc. Reagand. Bush73. The power of the state in the US is actually from d .a. the central governmentb. the state constitutionc. the US Constitutiond. both b and c74. The supreme law of the United States includes d .a. the US Constitutionb. treaties under the authority of the United Statesc. laws to ensure the constitutional power being practicedd. all the above three75. The terms of the senator and representative are d and years respectively.a. two…fourb. two…threec. two…sixd. six…two76. Which Amendment provided for the direct election of senators ba. The 16th Amendment (1913)b. The 17th Amendment (1913)c. The 18th Amendment (1919)d. The 19th Amendment (1920)77. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority votein d .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Supreme Courtd. the Senate78. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in b .a. the Cabinetb. the Housec. the Senated. the Executive Office79. Who is second in line in presidential succession aa. The Speaker of the House.b. The Vice President.c. The president pro tempore.d. The leader of the majority party in the Senate.80. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear thebill is vested in a .a. the Rules Committeeb. the standing committeec. Subcommitteed. the select committee81. Which one in the following limits the President to two successive terms only ca. The 20th Amendment (1933)b. The 21st Amendment (1933)c. The 22nd Amendment (1951)d. The 23rd Amendment (1961)82. The American President has all the following powers except c .a. deploying armed forcesb. making treatiesc. declaring war on another countryd. granting pardons83. The president’s major appointments should be approved by c .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Senated. the Supreme Court84. Which is not correct to explain the executive agreement ca. An agreement between the president and another country.b. It has the force of a treaty.c. It requires the approval of Congress.d. It does not require the Senate’s advice and consent.85. the President’s veto can be overridden by two-thirds votes inc .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. both housesd. the Supreme Court86. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries arec .a. the Supreme Courtb. the courts of appealc, the district courtsd. specialized courts87. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is d .a. to review decisions of the courts of appealb. to review decisions of the federal district courtsc. to try the impeachment cased. to interpret the US Constitution88. The cases involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in c .a. the courts of appealb. the appellate courtc. the federal district courtsd. the state supreme court89. The emblem of the Democratic Party is b .a. elephantb. donkeyc. beard. bull90. The first Democratic President was c .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson91. The first Republican President was b .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson92. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was a .a. Grover Clevelandb. William McKinleyc. Theodore Rooseveltd. Woodrow Wilson93. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated b .a. at the state conventionb. at the national conventionc. by the leaders from state party organizationsd. by the party’s national committee94. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on thea .a. Tuesday after the first Mondayb. first Tuesdayc. Tuesday after the second Mondayd. Monday after the first Tuesday95. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of c .a. its senatorsb. its representativesc. its senators and Representativesd. its counties96. The American President is actually elected by c .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. presidential electorsd. American citizens97. Who is chiefly responsible for education in the USa. The federal government.b. The state government.c. the county government.d. The local government.98. In the US school system, there are twelve levels called c .a. classesb. divisionsc. gradesd. degrees99. The elementary and secondary education in the US lasts c .a. 8 yearsb. 10 yearsc. 12 yearsd. 14 years100. The average teacher salary in private secondary schools is b that in public schools.a. higher thanb. lower thanc. almost same asd. half of101. A great majority of doctor-level universities in the US are c .a. privateb. supported by religious groupsc. publicd. supported by private funds102. After completing four-year study in a college, the student usuallycan earn c .a. a university degreeb. graduate degreec. a bachelor’s degreed. a master’s degree103. In order to remain in college the student must maintain at least a average. ba. Bb. Cc. Dd. F104. The first daily newspaper in America was published in c .a. 1690b. 1775c. 1783d. 1800105. Which newspaper first uncovered the Watergate scandal in 1972 ba. New York Times.b. Washington Post.c. New York Daily News.d. Los Angeles Times.106. The world most-read magazine is c .a. TV Guideb. Timec. Reader’s Digestd. People Weekly107. The TV networks in the US are owned b .a. by the federal governmentb. by private companiesc. by state governmentd. by local governments108. Democratic and Republican National Conventions were televised forthe first time in c .a. 1945b. 1950c. 1952d. 1960109. Which one in the following is not proper to describe the Americanfamily values da. Individual freedom.b. Belief in equality.c. Personal independence.d. Formal and strict relations between parents and children.110. If a junior staff member challenges and argues points with an olderexecutive, the junior is considered being d .a. impoliteb. rudec. immorald. harmless111. To make distinctions between persons, the Americans may use b .a. the family titleb. the occupational titlec. Mr. or Ms.d. Sir or Ma’am112. To Americans, if weaknesses were pointed out by others, it would be c .a. disgracefulb. all rightc. resentfuld. indifferent113. By American standards, which one in the following is not a taboo da. Financial affairs.b. Person’s age.c. Religion.d. Person’s work.114. According to the text, which word in the following is not proper to describe an American ca. Optimistic.b. Acquisitive.c. Formal.d. Frank.II. Fill in the blanks:1.“The backbone of the continent” refers to .(the Rocky Mountains)2.During Ratification, those who supported the Constitution andpreferred a strong national government were called , theiropponents were called . (Federalists,Antifederalists)3.The war of 1812 was also known as for America goteconomically independent after it. (Second War of Independence)4.Washington D. C. is situated on River which is thetraditional dividing line between the South and the North.(thePotomac)5.The United States is the most populous country. (third)6.In his Abraham Lincoln expressed his ideas of ademocratic government “of the people, by the people and for thepeople.”(Gettysburg Address)7.In the year , President Nixon visited China, and later during‘s presidency, formal diplomatic relations between China and theUnited States were established. (1972, Jimmy Carter)8.The division of powers by a constitution between the centralgovernment and state government is called .(Federalism)9.By law any American citizen of and over years ofage and of being a resident within the United States for years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualifiedpresident-elect takes office on the of January followinghis election. (natural-born, 35, 14, 20th)10.When a Bill is vetoed by the President, it can still become a law ifthe Congress . the veto by a vote of both houses.(override, two-thirds)11.The United States is bordered on the north by , on the southby and , on the east by , and on the westby . (Canada, Mexico, The Gulf of Mexico, The Atlantic,the Pacific)12.Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, theybecame a center for . and . The middle colonies were knownas the , which produced wheat and potatoes as the majorstaple. The southern colonies developed a . system. The maincrop in the South was , much later, .(fishing,shipbuilding, breadbasket, plantation, tobacco, cotton)13.The First World War was waged between tow groups of imperialistpowers: . and . ( the Allies/the Entente, the CentralEuropean Powers)14.The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was theformation of the . (League of Nations)15.The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adoptedin , which granted women the right to .(1920, vote)16.The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of thein New York in October, . This economic distress extendedto Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. (stock market, 1929)17.The candidate with the most voters in a state wins all of that state’svotes. This is known as the “”principle. The candidateswho wins the of the 538 Electoral College votes will be USPresident in the next four years. (electoral, winner-take-all, 270)18.American universities offer three main categories of graduate degrees:1) , 2) , 3) . (bachelor’s, master’s, Ph. D)19.Each of the fifty states in the US provides a free schooling ofyears to its residents. (12)20.Among the five Great Lakes, only Lake belongs entirely tothe US. (Michigan)21.The emblem of the Democratic Party is , and that of theRepublican Party is . is considered the firstDemocratic President, and first Republican President is .(donkey, elephant, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln)III. True or False Statements:1.People usually regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of theNew World, though before him, Norsemen from Scandinavia had alreadyfound this continent.2.During the Ratification of the Constitution, Thomas Jefferson andother federalists worked hard to support a strong central government.3.The Missouri Compromise brought a solution to the immediate problemof the extension of slavery.4.Germany’s unrestricted submarine campaign against merchant ships wasone of the reasons that pushed America into World War I.5.Standing committees are permanent ones to determine whether proposedlegislation should be presented to the entire House or Senate forconsideration.6.Louisiana Purchase was the largest real estate deal in US history,which got for America the present Louisiana State.7.Franklin Roosevelt was one of the greatest American Presidents whoseNew Deal effectively put an end to the Great Depression.8.The Vice President is officially the presiding officer of the Houseof Representatives, and in his absence, the president pro temporetakes his place to deal with day-to-day business.9.Immediately after Abraham Lincoln took office, the southern statesbegan to secede from the Federal Union and organized the ConfederateStates of America.10.The people of the US are predominantly white, among whom the mostpowerful and influential group is the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants who are the descendents of the early English settlers.11.Voting requirements are different in one state from another, andvoting qualifications are not determined by federal government. 12.When the state governments act out the powers given to it in theconstitution, the Federal Government has no right to interfere. 13.In the U.S.A., every state constitution divided political power amongthree elements.14.The power of the state in the US is actually from the state constitutionand the US Constitution.15.The supreme law of the United States includes the US Constitution,treaties under the authority of the United States and laws to ensure the constitutional power being practiced.16.It was the New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate scandalin 1972.17.Generally speaking, older people with more education and high incometend to vote while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the United States.18.As the opposite of Federalists, the Anti-Federalists insisted on theexpansion of slavery in the country.IV. Explain the following terms:FederalismMelting potMosaicSeparation of powersJudicial reviewWinner-take-allFilibusterPocket vetoCold warNew DealMissouri CompromiseV. Questions for discussion1.How many states are there in the United States And which two statesare geographically separated from the others2.What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and theAppalachian Mountains3.Do you think that geography has played an important role in the economicdevelopment of the United States Explain.4.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”5.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the UnitedStates6.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs7.Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.8.Why did the discoveries of the New World before Columbus not exert greatinfluence in the world at that time9.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century10.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies11.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days12.How do you understand checks and balances in American political system13.What do you know about the American Civil War, its causes, process,results, etc14.How do you comment on the constitutional division of powers in Americanpolitical system15.Which president in American history do you think is the greatest Why two universally celebrated holidays in America and describe howpeople usually celebrate them.VI. Questions based on further reading1. Where can you see the Old Faithful Geysera. Yellowstone National Parkb. Death Valleyc. Great Lakesd. Lake District2. In 1884 when fund-raising in America for the base of Statue of Liberty was in difficulty, . came to the rescue.a. Daniel Joncaireb. Frederic-Auguste Bartholdic. Jeanne Emilied. Joseph Pulitzer3. “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.”The sentence is taken from .a. Declaration of Independenceb. the Thirteenth Amendmentc. Bill of Rightsd. Emancipation Proclamation4. is a legislative device to thwart majority action on a measure by prolonging or delaying a veto.。