英美概况练习2
英美概况.英美概况(二)练习题及答案docx
《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。
英美概况英国历史部分
英美概况英国历史部分History1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain _____.A. onceB. twiceC. three times2. King Arthur was the king of _____.A. PictsB. CeltsC. ScotsD. Jutes3. The first “King of the English” was _____.A. AlfredB. EgbertC. BedeD. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late _____ century.A. 14thB. 8thC. 6th5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A. SaxonsB. ScotsC. WelshD. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _____.A. the King of Denmark and NorwayB. the king of EnglandC. Julius CaesarD. the Archbishop of Canterbury8. The _____ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9. The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from _____.A. NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10. Edward was known as the “_____” because of his reputation for saintliness.]A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103512. In history _____ was nicknamed “King of Lackland”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13. In 1181 Henry II issued the _____ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14. Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _____.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15. Henry II appointed in 1162 _____ Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16. Charles I was beheaded in _____.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was _____ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18. The Great Charter contained _____ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19. The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _____.A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20. The English Church was strictly _____.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a _____.A. coup d’etatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _____.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424. The Battle of Hastings took place in _____.A. 1606B. 1042C. 106625. The Great Charter was signed by _____ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to _____ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27. It was _____ who published the book “The Rights of Man”.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28. The first Prime Minister was _____.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29. The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the “_____” is considered the “beginning of parliament”.A. All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _____.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Years’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century _____ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32. Prime Minister _____ resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33. By the end of the Hundred Years’ War only the port of _____ remained under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34. In the 14th century took place the _____, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35. _____ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36. By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37. In the “_____” of 1388 five lords accused the King’s friends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38. In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _____ rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39. The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41. In 1689 the “Bill of Rights” was passed. _____ began in England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42. The _____ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. _____ started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44. In 1534 Parli ament passed the “_____”, according to which Henry VIII was declared the head of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45. Under Elizabeth I _____ was restored, and she was declared “governor” of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46. In 1337 the hostility between England and _____ resulted in the Hundred Years’ War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47. The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _____.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48. England first became a sea power in the time of _____.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49. The Industrial Revolution first started in _____.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50. From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of _____.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51. The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was _____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52. At the End of _____ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53. The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from _____ to _____.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154. In 1689 Parliament passed “_____”, limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. _____ contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56. The “Peterloo Massacre” took place in _____.A. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57. Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except _____.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58. The Victorian Age was over the _____ began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59. The _____ government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60. The Great Charter was essentially a _____.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61. _____ broke out two years after the Hundred Years’ War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes’ War62. The Reformation was a product of _____.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years’ War63. The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was _____.A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64. The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _____ period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65. By the _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66. The Chartist Movement began in _____ and reached its height in _____.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68. _____ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69. By the _____ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70. The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as _____.B. Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71. Before WWII _____ relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.A. Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley BaldwinC. Winston Churchill72. During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed a united international alliance which was called _____.A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73. The first coalition government during WWI was organized when _____ was the PrimeMinister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74. When Germany invaded _____ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. Poland1. At about 3000 BC, some of the _____ settled in Britain.2. About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the _____ built Hadrian’s Wall.3. The real Roman conquest began in _____.4. _____ _____’s “Paradise Lost” was published in 1667.5. Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to _____ Times.6. _____ was considered the first national hero.7. On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _____ was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8. In history John was nicknamed King of _____.9. John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or _____ _____.10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.16. The English parliament originated in the _____ _____.17. The head of the _____ was Archbishop of _____.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.19. The People’s Charter included _____ points such as univ ersal male suffrage.20. The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of _____ in 1842.21. After the Crimean War _____ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22. The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of _____ _____ rising.23. The Wars of the Roses broke out between the _____ and the _____.24. The Enclosure Movement began in the _____ century.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.27. The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of _____ companies.28. After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _____, the English Church was strictly _____.29. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called “_____” Mary.30. “Renaissance” means “_____”, i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultures of ancient Greek and Rome.31. During the Renaissance, the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called “_____”.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 – 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40. The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of _____.41. The first two parties appeared in England were the _____ and the _____.42. The basic point of the People’s Charter is _____ _____.43. In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the _____ _____.44. From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of _____ _____.45. The Parliament passed the Act of _____ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46. After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a _____.47. In September 1939 Germany invaded _____, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48. The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the _____ century.49. The steam engine was invented by _____ _____ in 1769.50. Samuel Crompton invented the _____ _____ in 1779.51. Edmund Cartwright invented the _____ _____ in 1785.52. Upon the completion of the _____ _____ by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53. In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in _____.54. In 1534 Parliament passed the “_____ _____ _____”.55. On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and _____ was formed.56. The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a _____ war because it was not confined only to Europe. It lasted _____ years.57. At the _____ _____ _____, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58. The _____ _____ of 1926 was Austen chamberlain’s chief claim to fame as fore ign secretary.59. On May 7, 1945, _____ surrendered unconditionally.60. It was _____ _____ who led the country during the “miracle of Dunkirk”.61. When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the _____ system was established. Explain the Following Terms1. The Norman Conquest2. The Glorious Revolution3. The Chartist Movement4. The Opium War5. The Hundred Years’ War6. Black DeathAnswer the Following Questions1. What, in your opinion, are the main causes for the slow growth of Britain’s econom y since the Second World War?2. What is the importance Simon de Mortfort hold in British history (with special reference to his role in the creation of the Parliament system)?What importance did King Alfred hold in British history?英美概况自测题（二）英国历史部分答案I. BBBCA ADBDA BABBA AACBA AAACC CBAAB BACBA ABBCB AAABC ABBBB ABABA CBABC BAABB CCAAC ABBC1. II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton Anglo-Saxon Alfred William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution 6 Nanjing Russia Watt Tyler’s2. Lancasterians, Yorkists 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, national Bloody rebirth humanists feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris Tory, Whig universal suffrage Spinning Jenny splendid isolation Settlement Commonwealth Poland 18th James Watt Spinning Mule Power Loom Industrial Revolution Manchester Act of Supremacy Italy world, 4 Paris Peace Conference Locarno Treaty Germany Winston Churchill cabinet英语考研英美概况模拟题（三）英国文化部分CultureMultiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____.A. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parallel classes.A. gradeB. formC. streams3. Public schools belong to the category of the _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the “eleven plus” examination would go to _____school.A. grammarB. technicalC. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____.A. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14276. There are over _____ universities in Britain.A. thirtyB. fortyC. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the _____.A. records of attendanceB. governing councilC. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four _____ universities.A. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels and by radio.A. openB. newC. middle aged10. Buckingham University is and _____ university which was established in 1973.A. independentB. openC. old11. The second centre of the British press is in _____.A. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12. In Britain great majority of children attend _____ schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14. The oldest university in Britain is _____.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17. _____ is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18. The most humorous magazine is _____.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19. In the UK there are about _____ dailies and over _____ weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020. There are _____ national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21. The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the _____.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers23. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724. The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a _____ news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25. The BBC is mainly financed by _____.A. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government26. The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is _____.A. British Broadcasting CorporationB. Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC. Reuters27. Reuters was founded in the year of _____.A. 1518B. 1815C. 185128. The new headquarters’ building of _____ is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29. _____ is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31. _____ “pools” provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34. Hurdle or steeplechase racing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at _____ in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35. It was _____ who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36. _____ discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038. The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when _____ became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle41. The minor’s safety lamp was invented by _____.A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology43. _____ is considered the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne44. Big Ben is the nickname of _____.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower45. The British Museum was founded in _____.A. 1659B. 1763C. 175346. The British Museum is financed by _____ funds and is managed by a board of 25 trustees.A. GovernmentB. individualC. local47. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____.A. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey48. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.A. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbey49. _____ is the monarch’s present London home.A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall Palace50. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564.A. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Samuel ButlerFill in the Blanks1. There are two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain. They are the _____ school and the _____ school.2. The independent school or “_____” school is few in number but of great influence.3. The four types of state schools in the secondary education are the _____ schools, comprehensive secondary schools, _____ schools and secondary modern schools.4. For all children in state schools, secondary education begins at the age of _____.5. There are two systems for secondary education in state schools, the _____ and the _____.6. Under the old selective system, children took an examination called the _____ _____ in their last year at a primary school. The results of this examination determined the secondary education a pupil would receive.7. The oldest schools in UK are _____ schools.8. _____ _____ schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability.9. At _____ or _____ pupils take an examination, either at the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.10. At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the _____ _____ of the General Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.11. _____ schools are often attached to polytechnics.12. The four famous school: Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College and Rugby School are never referred to as。
英美概况作业2
英美概况作业2Ⅰ.1. The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except _____.A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes B2. The second largest port in Britain is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool3. The capital city of Northern Ireland is _____.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith4. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin5. About _____ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 906.Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?A the Labor PartyB the Conservative PartyC the Liberal PartyD the Social Democratic Party7．Modern football game began in _____．A． China B． France C． England D． Germany8 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.A the Labour PartyB the Conservative PartyC the Liberal PartyD the Social Democratic Party9 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.A largestB second largestC third largestD fourth largest10 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ d ecline.A politicalB educationalC militaryD economicⅡ1. The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.2.In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.3.The election of ____ made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.4.There are ____ state churches in Britain.5.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of ____ _____________.Ⅲ.Invisible hand 上层阶级Workshop of the word 劳动阶级British disease 普通中学教育毕业证The private sector 公学Middle class 苏格兰场Ⅳ.What did the British Disease refer to?What is meant by the from-cradle to-grave social welfare program?。
《英美概况(二)》(专升本)练习题.doc
《英美概况（二）》（专升本）练习题一I. Fill in the following blanks in English (30points, 2 points for each blank).1.The dividing line between the north and the south is __________ , with the city ___________ onthe border between the two parts.2.Columbus discovered the new World in the year of ________ .3.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today's ____________ in theyear of __________ .4.The __________ officially proclaimed the birth of a new American nation.5.The institution that began to assume the function of a national government during theAmerican Revolution was the ___________ .6.The city where the Declaration of Independence was signed and where the U. S. Constitutionwas made is ____________ .7.The Constitutional Convention was held in the year of 1787 and the president of theConvention was __________ .8. A federal system is one in which ________________ is shared between central authorityand its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each.9.The U. S. federal government consists of the following three branches: __________ , legislative ,and _________ .10.The Congress is divided into ____________ with 435 members who serve two-year terms, andthe Senate with ___________ lawmakers who serve six-year terms.11.In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote novel titled , whichintensified the political debate on slavery.12.the USA launched military attack coded Desert Storm on Iraq for Iraqi invasion andannexation of Kuwait on January 17,___________ .13.The first academic institution that a child attends is called ___________ .14.In the U.S.A., children are offered ________ years of free public education.15.“All men are created equal" is from the document __________ .16.Thanksgiving Day falls on __________ , on which Americans give thanks for blessings theyenjoy.17.Christmas is on Dec. 25th, which is celebrated for ____________ .18.Franklin Roosevelt was elected President of the US in ________ .19.There are two major denominations in America: Christian Science and _____________ that arethe results of native developments.20.The basic causes of World War I lay in the ___________ , economical and __________ rivalriesof the great powers.21.The period of the "Cold War?, began when ________ came forth in March 1947.22.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in the year of _________ .23.In April 1949, _______ nations established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization tocoordinate the military actions of member nations against the USSR.24.The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states:Alaska and __________ .25.There _______ categories of degrees are offered by American universities.26.The term "Father of Waters" is used to refer to ___________ .27.The largest freshwater lake in the world is ___________ .28.The Niagara Falls is located on the US and Canadian boundary between lake ____________ andlake __________ .29.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area of desert,of which __________ i s the lowest and hottest place in America. It got its name because many adventurers died here during the __________ when explorers rushed to California for gold.30.The _________ is the official residence of the President and to the east of it stands theCapitol, the building where the US Congressmen meet to make laws for the nation.31.Among the Great Lakes, only Lake _________ belongs to America completely while the otherfour are shared with___________ .32.The _________ is the largest city in the US, followed by _____________ and Chicago.33.Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the ____________ i n the1950s and 1960s.34.On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King led over 200 000 Americans on a march inWashington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people and delivered his best-known speech “ __________________ " before the Lincoln Memorial.35.The Americans5 ________ is a day to honor the memory of those who have given their livesfor their country.36.Reader's Digests founded in ________ and published in 15 languages and 39 editions, printsnearly 19 million copies a month.II ・ Choose the correct answer (10 points, 1 point for each).1.Which of the following is not true about the characteristics of New England?A.Economically backward.B. Long established.C. Small-scale.D. Urban.2.Which of the following is not in New York City?A.Wall Street.B. The Empire State Building.C. The Black quarter of Harlem.D. Niagara Falls.3.Texas is famous for three of the following except __________ .A.unrestricted gambling and easy divorce lawsB. cowboy traditionC. many millionairesD. oil industry4.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except ____________ .A.challenging the authority of the Pope B salvation through faithC. salvation through the churchD. establishing a direct contact with God5.Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. Separation of state and church.B. Respect of education.C. Intolerant moralism.D. A sense of mission.6.The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except __________ .A.George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. William PennD. Benjamin Franklin7.Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A.The executive.B. The legislativeC. The JudicialD. The president8.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?A.The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B.The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C.The president can make laws.D.The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directivesregarding the work of the federal departments.9.The Bill of Rights consists of __________ .A.10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB.10 amendments adopted in 1787C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D.the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom ofreligion10.Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A.The freedom of religion.B.The freedom of searching a person's home by police.C.The freedom of speech and of the press.D.The right to own weapons if on wishes.11.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?A. The Baptists.B. The Catholics.C. The Methodists.D. The Presbyterians.12.The following are distinctively American features of religion except ___________ .A.Various religious groups have coexisted in the U.S. more harmoniously than EuropeB.Scientific and economic advance and material prosperity have not been accompanied by a decline inreligious faithC.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religion argument in the U.S.D.There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the U.S.13.In the U.S., people go to church mainly for the following reasons except ___________ .A.for finding a job in societyB.for having a place in a communityC.for identifying themselves with dominant valuesD.for getting together with friends14.Which of the following did not take place in the 1960s?A.The Anti-Vietnam War Movement.B.The Anti-drug Movement.C.Women's liberation Movement.D.Public protests by blacks and other minority groups.15.In the United States school system, which of the following division is true?A.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D.Junior high school, senior high school.16.The first American Thanksgiving was hosted by ___________ .A. the IndiansB. the PilgrimsC. the Spanish settlersD. the French settlers17.The Pilgrims were able to survive in America because ___________ .A.they received help from the IndiansB.they were supported by rich companiesC.many ships brought them food from EnglandD.they had signed the Mayflower Compact18.The leading producing area for chemicals and machinery is __________ .A. The East North CentralB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. the Pacific coast regionD. the South Atlantic region1 9. _________ h as been known as the automobile capital of the world.A. New YorkB. AtlantaC. PhiladelphiaD. Detroit20. _________ , the steel capital of the country, is the oldest and largest steel making center.A. ChicagoB. DetroitC. PittsburgD. BirminghamIII.Define the following terms (30 points, 6 points for each)1.Impeachment2.NBC3.VOA4.The New Deal5.Olympic Games6.The Continental Congress7.The Statue of Liberty8.Emancipation Proclamation9.Franklin D. Roosevelt10.The People's Temple11.Continental Congress12.Protestant Church13.Abraham Lincoln14.AP15.Yale UniversityIV.Answer the following questions (30 points, 10 points for each)・1.Briefly describe elementary and secondary education in the USA.2.Tell the main functions of the three branches of the government.3.What are the major rivers and mountains in the USA?4.In the middle of the 19th century, how was the new American two-party system established?5.What are the causes and effects of the Great Depression?6.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mass education.7.Give a brief account of America in the post World War II decade.8.What role does American government play in the development of economy?9.Give a brief account of the U.S. overseas invasion and expansion in the 20th Century.V o Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F] (10 points, 1 point for each)・__ 1. With a period of rapid industrial development and prosperity in 1920's, Americans5 purchasing power grew as quickly as it should.__ 2. The leading region for manufacturing activity is the Middle Atlantic region.__ 3. The invasion of Afghanistan by the USSR commenced in 1979. This invasion aroused strong objection and reaction from the USA and other countries__ 4. The American aggression of Korea took place in June 1950, and the Korean War broke out.__ 5. US-led NATO mounted an air strike on Yugoslavia on March 24, 1999.__ 6. In the American big corporations and companies, the management usually isn't separated from property rights.__ 7. The Pilgrims were the first English colonists to permanently settle in New England in what we now know as Massachusetts.__ 8. Before the English controlled North America, Spaniards were the most important colonists there. __ 9. The emigration from England to the colonies in America was mainly sponsored by the king.10.The early settlers in the colony discovered a way to make money by growing cotton.。
英美概况练习答案
英美概况练习答案Keys to the Exercises:Part I The United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern IrelandChapter 11-5 B D C A B 6-8 B C DChapter 2 British HistoryKnowledge FocusI.1. T2. F3. T4.T5.T6.T7. F8.T9. T 10. F 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. FII. 1-4 C B D AIII.Advantages:a.Workers involved could work at their own speed.b.Children working in the system were better treated.c.Conditions of work were better.d.People worked for themselves could take a pride in what they did..e.Tension in the work place was minimal.Disadvantages:a.The production was very slow.b.The production was inefficient.c.It was difficult to make full use of materials and energy far away from home.d.The system could not satisfy the demand of the market.IV. 1-6 T F T F T FVa. Floodingb. explosive gasc. Poison gasd. Pit collapsesVI. OmitttedLanguage FocusI.1. prosperity2. tribal3. hereditary4. mystical5. reminder6. coveted7. strategic8. buffers9.assassination 10. stalemate 11.recession 12. deteriorated 13. divorcee 14.devolve15. reinforcements 16. evacuatedII. 1-5 FAIGH 6-10 JDBECChapter 3British EducationKnowledge FocusI.a. The state school refers to the kind of school that is funded by government. Therefore, students don’t have to pay a lot ofmoney for the received education. It usually follows a standard curriculum nationwide. The majority of the students in the UK attend this kind of school.b. The public school is a fee-paying school. It usually enjoys a good academic reputation, and admission can be highly competitive. Its curriculum can be quite flexible. Students in this kind of school generally aim highly and their study often leads them to renowned colleges or universities. Only a small portion of the economically and academically privileged students can go to such a school.II.1-5 CDBDAIII.1-5 TFFTTIV.a.reference lettersb. a personal statement/doc/41a73c81d1f34693daef3e71.html petitive academic recordsd.required examse.an interviewf. a certificate of last completion of studiesg.social experienceLanguage FocusI.1-5 DDCCBII. (Omitted)Chapter 4 British EconomyKnowledge focus1. financial center2. Bank of England3. Pound Sterling4.industrialize5. America Language focus1-5 GIJHF 6-10 EADBCChapter 5 Government of the United Kingdom I. The Constitutional MonarchyI.1. D2. B3. B4. A5. BII.1. constitutional, Monarch2. judiciary3. written4. symbolic/ceremonial5. leader III.1. ceremonial2. seniority3. hereditary4. presence5. symbolize6. majority7. independent8. precedence9. stimulate 10. tremendousIV.1. E) monarch2. B) shared3. G) elected4. C) legislative5. F) lower6. J) majority7. I) appointing8. H) symbolic9. A) neutral 10. D) developedII. The British Parliament: the Legislative BodyI.1. legislative, the Monarch, the House of Lords, the House of Commons2. to make law, Commons, Lords3. five4. First-Past-the-Post5. Upper, Lower6. Commons II.1. C2. C3. B4. D5. A6. BIII.1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T8. FIV．1. G) ceremonial2. H) annual3. A) addresses4. E) drafted5. B) outlines6. F) dissolve7. D) permission8. J) announcing9. I) Sovereign 10. C) adviceIII. British Government: the Executive BodyI.1. A2. C3. A4. A5. A6. B7. B8. DII.1. administrative2. civil servants3. The Cabinet4. No. 10 Downing Street5. CommonsIII.1. F3. T4. T5. TIV. Political Parties and Election in BritainI.1. C2. D3. B4. DII.1. two-party, the Labour, the Conservative2. constituency3. majority4. Liberal,Conservative5. the government; the Prime Minister6. Official Opposition7. 18III.1. associate2. incapable3. empower4. responsive5. compulsory6. eligibleChapter 6 Culture of the United Kingdom I. Customs and HabitsI.1. C3. AII.1. D) occasions2. H) embarrassing3. G) well-educated4. A) equal5. J) beauties6. B) deserve7. F) attach8. E) sympathy9. C) respects 10. I) principle II. The FamilyI.1. F2. T3. T4. T5. FII.1. G) compared2. E) honeymoon3. D) worn4. F) harming5. H) key6. A) umbrella7. J) challenge8. I) possibilities9. B) symbolic 10. C) traditional III. Pub Culture in Britain1. F2. F3. TII.1. D) specific2. A) native3. C) remote4. F) indifferent5. B) feature6. G) fetch7. J) attracts8. I) higher9. E) promote 10. H) opportunity IV. Cuisine in BritainI.1. dinner2. brunch3. fish and chips4. high teaII1. c2. b3. aIII.1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B7.A8.C9.B 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17. B 18.C 19.D 20.BV. Holidays and Festivals in BritainI.1. Santa Claus2. the birth of Jesus Christ; Easter3. The Christmas Pantomime; the principal boy; the Dame (后面这两个空去掉也行，文中没有出现)4. Boxing DayII.1. B2. B 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A10. BIII.1. H) shows2. B) different3. D) based4. G) characters5. I) pretty6. E) played7. C) form8. J) kicks9. A) contains 10. F) audienceVI. Sports in BritainI.1. B2. A3. B4. D5. BII.1. flat racing; steeplechasing2. the Royal Ascot3. hunt saboteursIII.1. G) responsible2. E) majority3. C) upturn4. H) victory5. A) trend6. I) total7. B) hosted8. F) minor9. J) leading 10. D) represent VII. Religion in BritainI.1. Christianity2. Holy Bible3. IslamII.1. B2. A3. A4. A5. CIII.1. G) individual2. D) arisen3. B) name4. F) belonging5. I) opposed6. J) scientific7. H) appeals8. E) scientist9. C) unique 10. A) religiousVIII. Mass Media in BritainI.1. C2. B3. C4. A5. A6. B （和第二题重复了，删掉就行）II.1. F2. F3. F4. TIII.1. H) decades2. B) annually3. I) competition4. A) pastime5. J) basis6. F) published7. C) local8. D) aimed9. G) monthly 10. E) judgePart II The United States of AmericaChapter 1 HistoryChapter2 HistoryKnowledge FocusI.1. Columbus2. English3. 13, the United States Declaration of Independence, America’s Independence Day4. American Revolutionary War/American War of Independence5. Reconstruction, Freedmen/ex-slaves/freed slaves, Federal6. Roaring TwentiesII.1. T2. F th e French and Indian War(the Seven Y ear’s War)3. T4. F the second Continental Congress5. F the US Constitution6. T7. T8. T9. F The unemployment decreased yet and remained fairly high 10. F first 11. T 12. F Bush and Al Gore 13. F no support of NA TO or an explicit UN mandate for military intervention 14. T 15. F affiliated Terrorist organizations continued to operate in Y emen and other remote areas III.Language FocusI.1. unhealthy, exposed to2. responded with, sparked, resistance3. convened, coordinate, grievances, petitioned, redress4. abolished, flourished, Mounting, agrarian, industrial5. defining, permanent, sealed, bondage6. eloquent, delivered7. discrimination, privileges, available8. crucial, struggle, backlash9. spreading, elimination, inaccurate, liberationII.(1) Proclaiming (2) endowed (3) unalienable (4) rejecting (5) sovereign (6) transformations (7) significant (8) responsible (9) independence (10) revolt (11) regulations (12) first (13) touched (14) inspireChapter 3 Government and PoliticsKnowledge FocusI.1. federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.2. legislative branch, executive branch and judicial branch3. the Bill of Right4. The separation of powers5. the House of Representatives, the Senate6. 35, natural born, 14, four-year, twice7. winner takes all /first-past-the-postII.1. T2. T3. F three levels: federal, state and local4. T5. F an executive veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses6. F only the Congress7. T8. F the President is not directly elected by the people9. F Representatives serve two-year terms (Senators are elected to six-year terms by the people of each state.) 10. T 11. T 12. F the Vice President serves as the President of the Senate and may cast the decisive vote in the event 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F the number of Supreme Court Justices is also left to Congress 17. F Congress cannot abolish the Supreme Court 18. F the Democratic Party 19. T 20. F The only exception to this is the disenfranchisement of convicted felons, and in some states former felons as well.Language FocusI.1. vested2. apportioned, proportion3. staggered4. subsequent, exceeds5. contempt6. referred, oversees7. merits and flaws, opponents, compel8. calendar9. precedence 10. overturnII.1. interdependent, delineated, specified, ensures, independent, infringing, in the hands of2. sole, enact, confirm, substantial3. assigned, revenue, in the case of4. confirm, ratify, exceptions, involves5. extensive, compel, deem6. enumerated, discretion7. promotes, affordable8. advocate, temperedIII.1. through2. on3. for4. at5. over6. to7. withIV.1. safeguards2. hold3. removed4. resignation5. insulates6. apply7. concerns8. interpret9. constrainedChapter 4 Economy of the United StatesKnowledge FocusI.1. The United States is a market-oriented economy. Due in part to the amount of both public and private investment, the economy of the United States is regarded as a type of mixed economy.2. A central feature of the U.S. economy is the economic freedom afforded to the private sectors. The U.S. business firmsenjoy greater flexibility in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation and government involvement, as well as a court system that generally protects property rights and enforces contracts.3. Although the U.S. is often referred to as a free market economy, this is not entirely true, since there are government regulations protecting certain sectors, notably energy and agriculture. The federal government takes all the necessary initiatives to ensure the growth and stability of the United States.The role of government in the US economy is crucial when it comes to decision-making regarding monetary and fiscal policies. The federal government makes full use of economic tools such as money supply, tax rates, and credit control to maintain low inflation, high economic growth, and low unemployment. Besides, the Federal Government also regulates the operations of private enterprise in various ways.II.1. T2. T3. F America remains the world's largest manufacturer4. T5. T6. T7. F the U.S. property and corporate income tax rates are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.8. F The United States is a market-oriented economy but due in part to the amount of both public and private investment, the economy of the United States is regarded as a type of mixedeconomy.9. T 10. T 11. T 12. F the U.S. Federal Government also regulates the operations of private enterprise in various ways. 13.F The U.S. is the second largest energy consumer in total use 14. T 15. F NASDAQ is the largest electronic screen-based equity securities trading market in the United States 16. TLanguage FocusI.1. embroiled2. absorbed3. crucial4. renders5. civilian6. charitable7. contractedII.1. derivatives, subprime, declining2. unified, supportive, entrepreneurial3. flexibility, counterparts, lay off4. prohibit, unduly5. inadequate, stagnation, concernsIII.1. with2. in3. on/upon4. at5. by6. forChapter 5 American EducationPreview Exercises1-6 12 secondary Ivy League sophomore SA T Harvard University/Y ale University Review exercises:I. 1-5 ACBDB 6-8 BCDII. F F F T F FIII. Questions for discussion1.What are the admission criteria into colleges for American high school students?/doc/41a73c81d1f34693daef3e71.html pare Chinese educational system and American educational system.3.Discuss the importance of education in your life.Language focus1. distinguished2. criterion3. encompass4. prestigious5. compulsory6. Remedial7. omprised8. benchmark9. prerequisite 10.carefreeChapter 6 American Society and CultureII-III American cultural values and social customsI. DDBCC CAAACII. CJGDH FAIBEIII. Explain the following terms in English.1. Individualism is the very core of American culture and the main value in America which hasbeen influencing all the fields of politics, economics and society, even the character of the nation. It upholds self--reliance,individual freedom, equal competition.2. Rather than a symbol of sin and decadence, American materialism has always been an integralpart of life, and people attach great importance to the pursuit of material achievement and judge people by their material possessions.3. Briefly speaking, the pioneering spirit is being optimistic, active and high-spirited, industrial,tough, never yield to difficulties. American pioneers have a strong will to conquer. They are industrial and advance toward their causes without any hesitation.VI. Write between 100 ~ 150 words on the following topics1.1) The pioneering spirit. The pioneering spirit originating from the frontier experience hasbecome the national legacy and produced optimistic, active and high-spirited, industrial, toughAmerican people who never yield to any difficulties.2) Success as a goal. Americans place a very high valuation upon success. For them, success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort－preferably measurable. 3) Frankness and Honesty . Americans are outspoken and seldom beat around the bush. They are direct and assertiv e. They also believe that “Honesty is the best policy.”4) Self-reliance and Independence. The most noticeable characteristic of the Americans is probably their sense of self-reliance and independence. Americans don’t like to depend on others, nor do they like others to depend on them.5) Progress and Change.American people Americans place great importance on progress and change. They are willing tochange from one occupation to another. Besides, Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind.2.V isiting is an important part of American life, therefore, several points should be noticed.T o begin with, you should make an arrangement ahead of time. Secondly, be punctual. Y ou can only be 5 minutes earlier. And if you can't arrive on time, give a call and explain. Thirdly, you should prepare a gift. One gift is ok for the whole family and try to offer help to host in some way. Another thing you should notice is don't smoke or drink. It is always best to ask before you smoke or bring alcohol to the table. And finally, when the dinner is over, don't overstay your welcome, two or three hours after the dinner is desirable.Language Focus1. nurture2. permeate3. stance4. tangible5. expelled6. outlet7. decadence8. component IV American family and social problemsPre-reading QuestionsII. 18 nuclear family companionship Racial discrimination Drug abuse campus violenceAfter-reading ExercisesI. BCADC DABAC BDCAC DCABAII. BBDCALanguage Focus1. smuggle2. distinctive3. arson4. rife5. extinct6. flare7. dysfunction8. aggravate dandruff VI-VII American religion and holidaysKnowledge FocusI.1. The First Amendment to the Constitution2. Christianity3. Protestantism4. Baptists5. Independence Day6. Labor Day7. Turkey Day8. ChristmasII.1. T2. F Those people whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers.3. F the government requires no belief—not even a belief in God—as a condition of holding public office.4. T5. T6. T7. F it is American Hindus not Jews8. T9. T 10. F originally honored the people killed in the AmericanCivil War 11. T 12. F World War I not American Civil War 13. T 14.F Christmas and Easter 15. T 16. F Halloween is not an official holiday 17. TLanguage FocusI.1. profoundly2. hinder3. meddle4. fertile5. numerically6. entwined7. agnostic8. approximately9. prevalent 10. persistent 11. proclaimed 12. accustomed 13. display II.1. resolutions, get rid of, resolve2. tireless, nonviolent3. acknowledge, grateful, implore4. promote, concern5. complements, maternal, paternalIII.1. on, through2. across3. for4. with5. in6. for7. in8. outIV.1. characterized2. flourished3. in favor of4. switched5. on the verge of6. remarkable7. consistsVIII American sports and media After-reading ExercisesI. BBII. 1-5 T NG T F NG 6-10 T NG F NG F Language Focus1. preeminent2. propaganda3. sanction4. circulation5. penetrate6. culmination7. mateur8. consolidate。
英美概况练习题
英美概况练习题英美概况练习题1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.C. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in whichthe English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffereda deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900C. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury选择题第⼆类：1. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north2. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.A. the JutesB. the CeltsC. the SaxonsD. the Iberians3. The English Civil War is also called ______.A. the Puritan RevolutionB. the second Magna CartaC. the Long ParliamentD. the Anglican War4. The Tories were the forerunners 0f _______ , which still bears the nickname today.A. the Labour PartyB. the Liberal PartyC. the Social Democratic PartyD. the Conservative Party5. In Britain only _______ of the population are farmers but they manage 7O% of the land area.A. 2%C. 4%D. 5%6. Which of the following Statements is NOT true about the Prime Minister in Britain?A. He is appointed by the Queen.B. He is Minister for the Civil Service.C. He sits in the House of Commons.D. He receives ￡88,292 a year.7. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______ .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Attorney GeneralD. the Prime Minister8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Health Service?A. It Provides for every resident a full range of medical services.B. It is administered by the central government.C. Its emergency ambulances are available for doctors' urgent calls.D. It has suffered from under funding in recent decades.9. There are some _______ universities in the United Kingdom, including the Open University.A. 75B. 80C. 85D. 9O10. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______ .A. Northern Ireland and southern IrelandB. Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC. the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD. Northern Ireland and Britain11. The Grand Canyon in north-western _______ is one of nature's mostimpeessive sights.A. UtahB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Idaho12. The first immigrants in American history came from _______ .B. England and IrelandC. England and the NetherlandsD. England and Spain13. The United States went to war with _______ in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.A. BritainB. FranceC. SpainD. Mexico14. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as theirnext president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.A. TheodoreB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert Hoover15. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.A. BoycottB. Civil RightsC. SegregationD. Integration16. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up _______ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only2.7% of the total population.A. 21%B. 31%C. 41%D. 51%17. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.A. the Secretary of StateB. the Chief JusticeC. the PresidentD. the Vice President18. The typical organizational pattern for elementary and secondary schools in the United States is that of _______ .A. classified schoolsB. vocational schoolsC. graded schoolsA. the Manhattan RenaissanceB. the Harlem RenaissanceC. the Black RevivalD. the African-American Rebirth20. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas and the potatoesD. the egg and the rabbit21. Canada was divided Into Upper Canada (English speaking) and Lower Canada (French speaking) in _______ and they were united again in _______ .A. 1791/1840B. 1775/1791C. 1840/1867D. 1775/186722. Canada's early economic development was founded on _______ .A. resource industriesB. heavy industriesC. light industriesD. manufacturing industries23. What law made French the offical language in Canada's Quebec?A. The Official Language Act.B. The Charter of the French Language in Quebec.C. The Meech Lake Accord.D. The new Canadian Constitution.24. The Canadian population is chiefly characterized by _______ .A. its sizeB. its growthC. its linguistic dualityD. its French origins25. Australia has always been a continent with few people mainly because _______ .A. Australia is too far away fram EuropeB. Australia is the least mountainous and most level of the world's continentsC. Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seasII．填空题第⼀类1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _highlands, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.2. Welsh is located in the _ west of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the _ Celts.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes Jutes, Saxons, and Angles invaded Britain. Among them, the Angles gave their name to English people.5. The battle of Hastings witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as Domesday Book, which was compiled in 1086.8. Thomas Becket’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. Black Death was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to two million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of yeomen farmers.填空题第⼆类●The capital of the Republic of Ireland is (1) Dublin, and the capital of Northern Ireland is (2) Belfast.●The English Renaissance was largely (3) literay and its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William (4) Shakespeare.●The Whigs were the forerunners of the (5) Liberal Party while the Tories were the forerunners of the (6) Conservative party of England.●Most of Britain's oil reserves are thought to be under the (7) North (8) Sea.●British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of (9) Lords and the House of (10) Commons.●The United Kingdom is a (11) constitutional monarchy, it began in the (12) 9 th century.●In the United Kingdom, in criminal trials by jury, the (13) judge passes sentence but the (14) jury decides the issue of guilt or innocence.●Britain is regarded as a (15) welfare state. The term applies mainly to the National (16) Health Service, national insurance and social security.●In the United Kingdom, education is compulsory for all between the ages of(17) 5 and (18) 16.●The British national newspapers can be divided into two groups: national (19) dailies and national (20) Sundays.●The most important lakes in the United States are th e (21) Great Lakes, they are all located between (22) Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.●In respect of population, (23) New (24) Y ork is the biggest city in the United States.●The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the (25) blacks, who were first brought to North America as (26) slaves in 1619.●Counterculture in 1960s was a movement of (27) revolt against the moral values, the aesthetic (28) standards and the personal behavior.●American government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the (29) executive and the (30) judicial, each has part●The first British settlers in Canada were (33) Amercian refugees who refused to fight against the British army in the War of American Independence. They called themselves (34) Loyalists.●It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia's s hores were the(35) Spanish and Portuguese, whom were followed by the (36) Dutch and then the English.●In the 1950s, there was a boom in Australia's economy and people's living standard was high, so Australia was called "the(37) lucky(38) country" in that period.●In World War II, Australia declared war on Japan immediately after Japan bombed the U.S. naval base at (39) Pearl (40) Harbor.●The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of (41) raw materials for (42) finished products.●The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the (43) British and (44) American models.●New Zealand has two main islands. They are (45) North Island and (46) South Island.●New Zealand is a sovereign independent state with a parliamentary (47) government and a constitutional (48) monarchy.●The official languages in New Zealand are (49) English and (50) Maori.1. the Hardian’s Wall: It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wise men. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgment Day.How did the Labor Party come into being? —— As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century, they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brought about the formation of the Labor Party. The Labor Party had its origins in the Independent Labor Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and Led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labor depended on the trade unions. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small societies set up theLabor Representation Committee (LRC). The LRC changed its name to be Labor Party in time for the general election which was called for 1906. The Labor Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.12. What is a constitutional monarchy?When did it begin in Britain? ——A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty’s Government —— a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament. The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?——The sovereign is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the arme d forces of the crown and the “supreme governor” of the established church of England.。
英美概况作业2 Abraham Lincoln
Speaking of the president, the most impressive people that impressed me was the amount of Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln (02 1809 12 August 15 August 04 -1865) is the sixteenth president of the United States, but also the first Republican president.He made a great contribution to the advancement of American society and was adoration of the American people. He is one of the greatest figures in the history of the world. He led the great struggle to save the Union and end slavery, and promulgated the Emancipation Proclamation so that 4 million slaves could be free. He has been one of the most admired presidents in American history, with his integrity, benevolence and strong personality. Though he had only a little elementary education in the border area and had little experience in public office, his keen insight and profound humanitarian consciousness made him the greatest president in the history of the United States.The Communist revolution mentor Marx very highly of Lincoln said: "he is a will not be intimidated by difficulties, will not be confused by his success, to refuse to be cowed or submit his great goal, but never act rashly, he steadily forward, and never backwards... In a word, he is a very rare person who has reached a great state and remains in his good quality.But the time of the God of fate was not long for Lincoln, and shortly after the war, Lincoln was assassinated by a fanatical nationalist. But I believe that he will always live in the heart of every man who yearns for equality.。
英美概况练习二
英美概况练习（一）I.Choose one best answer form A, B, C, and D.1. The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from _________.A. the CeltsB. The RomansC. The NormansD. The Germans2. The person who crushed various rebellions in Ireland and settled English and Scottish Protestants there by giving them land was __________.A. Oliver CromwellB. King Charles IC. William IIID. William the Conqueror3. Christianity was introduced into Britain by _________.A. the CeltsB. The GermansC. the Viking DanesD. The Romans4. England became a Protestant country in _____________.A. the 14th centuryB. the 15th centuryC. the 16th centuryD. the 17th century5. Which of the following is not the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race?A. the Viking DanesB. the AnglesC. the SaxonsD. the Jutes6. Which of the following made people from Commonwealth countries no longer have free entry to the UK and couldn’t claim aut omatic full citizenship?A.1535 Act of UnionB. the Commonwealth Immigrants ActC. 1707 Act of UnionD. the Great Charter7. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at _____________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo8. The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navy took place during __________.A. the Middle AgesB. the “grab for Africa”C. the Elizabethan ageD. the Victorian age9. The king who believed the “Divine Right” to govern, and who was condemned to death during the English Civil War was ____________.A. Henry VIIIB. James IC. Charles ID. James II10. During the whole of th e sixteenth century, England’s great enemy was ____________.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Germany11. One of the following did not take place during the eighteenth century in British history. It was ____________.A. great victories over FranceB. the Industrial RevolutionC. the loss of her American coloniesD. the founding of the modern police force12. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the Victorian age___________.A. It was an age of national development and National optimism.B. It was an age of stability in family life.C. It was an age of imperialism.D. It was an age of lack of belief in religion.13. Which of the following did not take place after the Second World War in British history?__________________.A.The independence of the colonies of the old British empire.B.The availability of TV sets and cars to almost every home.C.The “suffragette” movement.D.The founding of the “Welfare State”.14. Shakespeare lived in the period of _________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian ageC. the Elizabethan ageD. The Industrial Revolution15. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s great enemy was __________.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. GermanyII. Explain the following terms.1. The Roman Occupation2. The Norman Conquest3. the Hundred Years’ War4. The War of the Roses5. the Elizabethan age6. the English Civil War7. the Glorious Revolution8. the Victorian ageIII. Answer the following questions briefly.1.Who are the Britons?2.Why do the Scots, Welsh or Irish object to being called “English”?3. What great influence did the Romans have on the English Culture?4. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest?5. How did the French drive the English from their country at the end of the One-hundred-year War?6. What were the characteristics of the sixteenth century as the beginning of the modern period in English history and European history?7. How did the English Church break away from the central organization of Christianity?8. What were the characteristics of the Elizabethan age?9. What was the consequence of the English Civil War?10. What’s meant by “meet one’s Waterloo”? What’s the origin of the phrase?11. How did the Victorian stability collapse after the death of Queen Victoria?12. How long did the First World War last? How long did the Second World War last?。
英美概况英国部分练习题
英美概况英国部分练习题英美概况 - 英国部分练习题英国，位于欧洲西北部的一个岛国，是英联邦成员国之一。
它以其悠久的历史，丰富的文化遗产，以及对现代科技和艺术的贡献而闻名于世。
下面是一些关于英国的练习题，让我们来测试一下你对这个国家的了解吧！1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？a) 伦敦b) 曼彻斯特c) 爱丁堡d) 都柏林2. 英国的国旗是什么颜色的？a) 红色、白色和蓝色b) 红色、白色和绿色c) 红色、白色和黄色d) 蓝色、白色和红色3. 威廉·莎士比亚是英国最著名的戏剧作家之一。
以下哪个是他的作品？a) 《哈姆雷特》b) 《鲁密欧与朱丽叶》c) 《奥赛罗》d) 以上都是4. 英国的皇室家族是？a) 伊丽莎白家族b) 斯图亚特家族c) 神秘家族d) 温莎家族5. 英国最著名的晚餐菜肴之一是什么？a) 鱼和薯条b) 汉堡包c) 比萨饼d) 果酱面包6. 英国的标准货币是什么？a) 欧元b) 英镑c) 美元d) 日元7. 英国最古老的大学是？a) 牛津大学b) 剑桥大学c) 帝国理工学院d) 伦敦城市大学8. 英国传统的下午茶时间通常是在下午几点？a) 1点b) 3点c) 5点d) 7点9. 英国最高的峰是什么？a) 英格兰山b) 威尔士山c) 苏格兰山d) 北爱尔兰山10. 英国最有名的音乐节是？a) 格拉斯顿伯里音乐节b) 皇家艾伯特音乐厅音乐节c) 圣理查德音乐节d) 狂欢节希望你已经作出了选择。
接下来，让我们来看看答案。
答案:1. a) 伦敦2. a) 红色、白色和蓝色3. d) 以上都是4. d) 温莎家族5. a) 鱼和薯条6. b) 英镑7. a) 牛津大学8. b) 3点9. c) 苏格兰山10. a) 格拉斯顿伯里音乐节希望这些问题能帮助你更深入地了解英国。
英国是一个充满魅力的国家，拥有丰富的历史和文化遗产，值得我们去探索和学习。
无论你是对历史、文学、音乐还是其他领域感兴趣，英国都能提供给你丰富的资源和体验。
英美概况2
A. GovernmentB. individualC. local1.You could find the world-famous Speaker s’ Corner in _____.A. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey2._____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London.A. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbey3._____ is the monarch’s present London home.A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall Palace4.Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564.A. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Samuel ButlerFill in the Blanks1.There are two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain. They arethe _____ school and the _____ school.2.The independent school or “_____”school is few in number but of greatinfluence.3.The four types of state schools in the secondary education are the _____ schools,comprehensive secondary schools, _____ schools and secondary modern schools.4.For all children in state schools, secondary education begins at the age of _____.5.There are two systems for secondary education in state schools, the _____ and the_____.6.Under the old selective system, children took an examination called the __________ in their last year at a primary school. The results of this examination determined the secondary education a pupil would receive.7.The oldest schools in UK are _____ schools.8._____ _____ schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were notseparated by the criterion of academic ability.9.At _____ or _____ pupils take an examination, either at the Ordinary Level of theGeneral Certificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.10.At 18 there is another examination for the pupils, the _____ _____ of the GeneralCertificate of Education or the Certificate of Secondary Education.11._____ schools are often attached to polytechnics.12.The four famous school: Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College andRugby School are never referred to as colleges but _____ schools.13.The public schools emphasize two factors in education. One is the study ofclassics and science, the other is the development of what is called “_____”.14.The old universities in Britain refer to _____ and _____.15.The five types of universities are the two _____ universities, the four _____universities, the middle-aged universities, the new universities an the Open university and the one _____ university.16.Oxford got started in the _____ century. It has _____ colleges.17.There are about _____ students in Oxford and Cambridge respectively.18.The University of London is a type of _____ university.19.There are three academic degrees in Britain, the _____, _____ and _____degrees.20.A class in a state school is often called a “_____”, never a “grade”.21.Almost all the national papers are published in the city of _____.22.The _____ _____ is the national centre of the press in the UK.23.The most famous broadcasting company is _____ _____ _____.24.The most well-known news agency is _____.25.The second oldest university in Britain is _____.26.The Independent Broadcasting Authority gets its money from _____.27.You’ll find all BBC’s programmes in t he magazine _____ _____.28.In 1851 Reuters was founded in _____.29._____ is regarded as the most English games.30.School boys usually play rugger or _____ in winter, _____ in summer.31.Schools girls usually play tennis and _____ in summer and netball and _____ inwinter.ball is a kind of basketball, and rounders is a sort of _____.33.The _____ _____ founded in London in 1660 is one of the most prestigiousscientific bodies in the world.34.Issae Newton held the president of the Royal Society for _____ years.35.The famous book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was written by_____ _____.36.James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor.37._____ _____, an English physician, discovered the vaccine for preventingsmallpox and pioneered the sciences of immunology and virology.38.The miner’s safety lamp was nicknamed _____ Lamp.39.Charles Robert Darwin published his book On the _____ _____ _____whichcaused a stir in Victorian times.40.Oscar Wilder was an aesthete advocating “_____ _____ _____ _____”.41.The seat of the British Houses of Parliament is _____ _____.42.“Big Ben” was named after Sir _____ _____.43.The place where many famous figures are buried is called _____ _____.44.Karl Marx once came to study and work in the British Museum Library andCompleted most of his famous book _____ there.45._____ Park in the Centre of London is one of the World’s most famous city parks.46.The _____ of _____ was a state prison from Norman times.47._____ is a most important street where some of the most important offices arelocated.48.The people can visit 300 life-size wax figures in _____ _____.Explain the Following Term1.BBC2.The Open University3.The SpectatorAnswer the Following Questions1.What is the public school system in the UK? (talk about this in the followingpoints: enrolment, funding and function)2.What do you know about the difference between a quality paper and a popularpaper in Britain?Social Life1.Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony.A. churchB. concertC. registry office2.House prices are _____ in Britain.A. lowB. affordableC. high3.British food is _____.A. unlimitedB. abundantC. limitedD. changeable4.Newly wedded couples are _____ to have a baby.A. eagerB. unwillingC. not eager5.The British people usually have a small quantity of _____ as a first course.A. soupB. sweetC. vegetable6.The best-known quality of the British people is their _____.A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. phlegm7.The English sense of humour is _____.A. self-madeB. self-deprecatingC. self-respect8.English people do not laugh at the following except _____.A. a misfortuneB. a failureC. a crippleD. own faults9.The right to privacy and personal freedom is _____ by the British.A. disturbedB. unquestionedC. not allowedD. questionable10.Th ree “Don’ts” include the following except _____.A. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while shoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults11.What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____.A. priceB. taxC. weatherD. sports12.Three “ings” include the following except _____.A. bettingB. drinkingC. tippingD. bargaining13.The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainlyon _____.A. horse racingB. BingoC. football poolsD. dog racing14.The three royal traditions are the following except _____.A. playing the fluteB. the changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racing15.Playing the flute is a tradition inherited from _____.A. Queen VictoriaB. Queen ElizabethC. Mary I16.John Bull denoted a frank, uneasy, funny _____ called John Bull in the 17thcentury.A. ladyB. boyC. gentlemanD. young man17.During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks ofpaid holiday.A. fourB. fiveC. three18.State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays.A. sixB. sevenC. five19.St. Patrick’s Day and Orangeman’s Day are the holidays only spent in _____.A. EnglandB. WalesC. ScotlandD. N. I.20._____ is basically a home and family festival.A. ChristmasB. Boxing DayC. Easter Monday21.The purely personal festival in Britain is _____.A. Mothers’ DayB. Fathers’ DayC. birthday22.Boxing Day is on _____.A. the first weekday after ChristmasB. the following day of ChristmasC. the last Sunday of December23.The festival which celebrates a historical event is _____.A. Good FridayB. Remembrance DayC. Guy Fawkes Day24.New Year’s Day is more important than Christmas to the _____.A. IrishB. EnglishC. ScotsD. welsh25._____ commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, and Easter Sunday theresurrection.A. Easter MondayB. Good FridayC. Christmas26.The birthday of the _____ is a National Day in Britain.A. head of the House of CommonsB. British MonarchC. Prime Minister27.The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few_____ coins hidden in it.A. goldB. silverC. copper28.Armistice Day is on _____ when the British remember the millions of peoplewho died in the two world wars.A. November 11thB. April 21stC. December 31st29.Wages mean a payment usually of money for labour or services according tocontract and on the following basis except _____.A. hourlyB. dailyC. monthlyD. piecework30.The British people traditionally like to live in _____.A. high buildingsB. small housesC. big houses31.At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment.A. sixtyB. sixty-fiveC. fifty-five32.Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni.A. 6thB. 7thC. 8th33.Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9th34.Christianity came into being in the _____ century.A. firstB. secondC. third35.Christianity consists of the following except _____.A. CatholicismB. Jewish ChurchC. ProtestantismD. Orthodox Eastern Church36.One of the Free Churches _____ is also called the Society of Friends.A. the BaptistB. QuakersC. the Methodist37.The Church of England is also called _____.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the CongregationalC. the Salvation ArmyD. Puritanism38.The Church of England came into being during the _____.A. Glorious RevolutionB. Industrial RevolutionC. European ReformationI.Fill in the Blanks1.London Cockney is a kind of _____ spoken by some people in London.2.In terms of marriage no child can merry below the age of _____.3.The newlyweds often solve the problem of housing by renting or _____ or buyinga house.4.The housework in Britain is usually done by _____.5.The nickname for Britain is _____ _____.6.There are _____ bank and public holidays in Northern Ireland.7.There are a lot of things an Englishman is proud of, such as _____ _____ Bibleand _____’s plays, British Parliament and the _____ Revolution.8. A British custom is “_____ _____”, such as letting a woman go first, protectingher from traffic.9.The two places where the changing of the Queen’s guard are in front ofBuckingham Palace and at the _____.10.The Speaker is the head of the House of _____.11.Christmas Day is on _____, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals.12.There are two Bank Holidays in _____.13.April Fool’s Day which makes you an “April Fool” falls on _____.14.The first weekday after Christmas is _____ _____.15.Father Christmas is also called _____ _____, who gives presents only to childrenand knows what every child wants.16.Remembrance Day is also called _____ _____.17.The standard working week is usually between _____ and _____ hours in Britain.18.Wage-earning workers are paid weekly, usually getting their wages in _____.19.Salary earners are paid once a month or less frequently by _____ or paid intotheir bank accounts.20.The two things every employed man and woman has to pay the State are theNational Insurance and National Health and the _____ _____.21.The “W.C.” means the _____ _____, a place where you relieve yourself.22.The four major social benefits are unemployment benefit, _____ benefit, pensionand _____ allowance.23.A woman’s retirement is a the age of _____.24.The doctrine of _____ is found in Buddhist Scripture.25.The doctrine of _____ is found in Koran.26.The doctrine of Christianity is the _____ _____.27.Christianity came into being in _____ A.D.28.The Church of England today is all inclusive, have the ability to be bothProtestant and _____.II.Explain the Following Terms1.John Bull2.Boxing Day3.Easter4.Armistice Day5.MethodismIII.Answer the Following Questions1.What is the best-known quality of the British?2.Can you mention several religious groups in Britain? Tell the generalcharacteristics of one of them.Political System1.The British Monarchy is _____.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2.The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3.The _____ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as therepresentative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4.The oldest part of British Parliament is _____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5.The decision making organ in British Parliament is _____.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet6.The life of Parliament is fixed at _____ years.A. fourB. sixC. five7.The House of Commons consists of _____ members who are elected from the_____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 6358.The titles of the lords, such as Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount and Baron, are_____.A. hereditaryB. appointedC. elected9.The quorum in the House of Commons is _____ members.A. thirtyB. fortyC. forty-five10.The _____ _____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11.The _____ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown12.The Privy Council was established in the 15th century when _____ was on thethrone.A. Henry VB. Henry VIC. Charles I13.Not until _____ could the cabinet have a legal basis.A. 1937B. 1714C. 186814.The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about _____.A. 40B. 20C. 3015.The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is _____.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister16._____ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social DemocraticFederation, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900.A. The Conservative PartyB. The Labour PartyC. The Liberal Party.17.It is the _____ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker18.The Shadow Cabinet is organized by the _____.A. GovernmentB. OppositionC. Privy Council19.London, because of its special location, is divided into _____ boroughs and thecity of London.A. 20B. 12C. 3220.“The Morning Star” is the official paper of the _____.A. Communist PartyB. Labour PartyC. Liberal PartyD. Social Democratic Party21.The following persons except _____ have no right to vote.A. certified lunaticsB. criminalsC. government employeesD. peers who have seats in the Lords22.In England and Wales, the jury consists of _____ people in criminal and civilcases.A. fifteenB. twelveC. seven23.Legally any citizen aged from _____ to _____ who has never been sent to prisoncan be a member of the jury.A. 16, 60B. 18, 65C. 18, 6024.The head of the police force of a county, etc. is called _____.A. Chief ConstableB. ChairmanC. Mayor25.A _____ appointed to act for the State is called Queen’s Counsel.A. barristerB. solicitorC. lawyer26.Now the House of Lords can prevent a bill from passing into a law for _____.A. one yearB. two yearsC. six years27.The High Court of Justice includes the following divisions except _____.A. the Queen’s Bench DivisionB. the Criminal DivisionC. the Chancellor DivisionD. the Family Division28.During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as_____.A. RoundheadsB. LoyalistsC. the WhigsI.Fill in the Blanks1.The present sovereign is _____ _____.2.Elizabeth II came to the throne on Feb. 6th, _____.3.The vital power lies in the _____ _____, and his/her cabinet.4.The _____ is the only legal and constitutional link binding the members of theCommonwealth to the home country and to one another.5.The British Parliament consists of three elements –the _____, the House of_____, and the House of _____.6.The British legislature is _____.7.The official head of Parliament is the _____.8.The House of Commons appeared in late _____ century.9.The government cannot legally spend any money without the permission of heHouse of _____.10.Each year the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the minister of _____ presented theBudget.11.The House of Lords is also called the _____ House, the House of Commons the_____ House.12.The Lords and the Commons share the same building of the _____ _____.13.By passing the two acts in _____ and _____, the House of Lords has no power toprevent the passing of legislation approved by the House of Commons.14.The electoral districts of UK are called _____.15.The head of House of Commons is the Speaker or _____ _____ _____ _____.16.The house of Commons is divided in the light of political parties. The strongerparty forms the _____ and the weaker the _____.17.The Lord President is the head of the _____ _____.18.The Prime Minister works and lives in the famous residence, _____ _____ _____.19.There are three classes in the departmental working personnel. They are theadministrative class, the _____ class and the _____.20.The administrative areas in terms of local government in England and Wales arecounties, districts and _____.21.Every local council of a county or district has its presiding officer called the_____.22.Mayor or Lord is the presiding officer in a district which is called a _____ or_____.23.The two major parties in Britain are the _____ Party and the _____ Party.24.During the Civil War, the non-Puritan Anglicans who supported the king andchurch were known as Cavaliers or _____, the Puritans who supported Parliament were known as Roundheads or _____ _____.25.In 1833 the Tory changed its name to the _____, and in 1860s the _____ becameliberals.26.The expenditure of the local government comes from two major sources. One isfrom local _____, the other is from the _____ central government.27.Every _____ years a general election is held in Britain.28.Every man and woman aged _____ or over has the right to vote.29.A person who has no connection with any party is appointed in everyconstituency as a _____ _____.30.The whole of the UK is divided into _____ electoral districts.31.In the UK, the House of _____ is the supreme executive body of the Law,whereas the _____ _____ presides over the administration of Justice.32.In terms of the nature of cases, we can divide the courts into two systems: the_____ Courts and the _____ Courts.33.The _____’s job is deciding whether the accused person is guilty or innocent inthe light of evidence.34.In Scotland the jury consists of _____ people in criminal cases, _____ in civilcases in the High court of Justice and _____ in civil cases in the County Court. 35.To become a barrister, one must be a member of the four inns of _____ and passthe _____ examination.36.The Metropolitan (London) police is the under the direct responsibility of the_____ _____.37.The headquarters of the London police is the famous _____ _____.II.Explain the Following Terms1.The Cabinet2.The Speaker3.Poor LawIII.Answer the Following Questions1.Can you say something about the English Monarchy?2.Which are the major parties in Britain? What are the characteristics of them? American Survey Test1.The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by theGreat Cordillera Range.A. easternB. westernC. northeastern2.In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level.A. CaliforniaB. UtahC. Arizona3.In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus.A. Rocky MountainB. Coast RangeC. Cascades Mountains4.The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia PlateausA. Great BasinB. Colorado ValleyC. Great Plains5.The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming6.The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by theColorado River.A. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana7.Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan8.Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. Virginia9.Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river.A. PotomacB. DelawareC. St. Laurence10.The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____metres.A. 1650, 50B. 1240, 49C. 1540, 4911._____ part is the most densely populated region in America.A. The southernB. The northeasternC. The western12.The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____.A. IdahoB. ArizonaC. NevadaD. Utah13._____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston14.About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the UnitedStates.A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirds15.The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____.A. AppalachianB. MekinleyC. Rocky16.Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range.A. Sierra NevadaB. CascadesC. Alaska17.The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____.A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami18.The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria19.The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____.A. Erie and MichiganB. Erie and OntarioC. Superior and Haron20._____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests.A. 1/4B. 1/5C. 1/321.Texas, having belonged to _____, was annexed by the U.S. in 1845.A. FranceB. RussiaC. Mexico22.Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific23.The American black population consists of _____ of the total population.A. 1/10B. 1/5C. 1/924._____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A.A. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska25.The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world.A. thirdB. fifthC. fourth26.About half of the total population is concentrated in the following areas except_____.A. Atlantic CoastB. Pacific CoastC. NorthwestD. around the Great LakesE. Gulf of Mexico27.There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A.A. 8B. 3C. 628.Detroit is famous for the production of _____.A. automobileB. timberC. bamboo29.The City St. Louis in America is called the gateway towards the _____.A. EastB. WestC. NortheastD. Southwest30.The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”.A. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco31.The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.A. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans32.The steel and iron industries are mainly distributed around the city of _____,providing _____ percent of the total output each year.A. Pittsburgh, 60B. Chicago, 50C. New York, 6033.The largest industrial city in America is _____.A. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston34.Only the climate in the southwestern part of Florida belongs to _____.A. subtropicalB. continentalC. tropical35._____ is famous for many stores and shops.A. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth Avenue36.In _____ people can find the historical spot, the Independence National HistoricalPark.A. PhiladelphiaB. St. LouisC. San Francisco37.Boston is situated in Boston Bay, _____.A. MaineB. MassachusettsC. Connecticut38.The Columbia River and the Colorado River belong to the system of _____.A. the GulfB. the AtlanticC. the PacificI.Fill in the blanks1.The United States is situated in the _____ part of _____ America.2.The U.S. is bounded by _____ on the north and by _____ and the Gulf of Mexicoon the south.3.To the west of America lies the _____ Ocean.4.To the east of America lies the _____ Ocean.5.The seat of the American Federal Government is the District of _____.6.The _____ part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.7.The famous _____ National Park is located in the northwestern part of Wyoming.8.The western part of the central plain is also called the “_____ _____”.9.The Mississippi River flows from the _____ lakes to the Gulf of _____.10.The lowest point in the whole of North America is _____ _____.11.The world-known _____ _____ lies in northern Arizona, which is cut by theColorado River.12.The largest island salt lake in North America is the _____ _____ Lake.13.The United States includes _____ states and a _____ district, the District ofColumbia.14.The Declaration of Independence was first read on July 4th, _____.15.The two main tributaries of the _____ River are the Missouri River and the OhioRiver.16.The five Great Lakes lie between the boundary of _____ and the United States.17.Through the middle of the country, north and south, runs a line which is known asthe _____ _____ _____ _____.18.The South region in America has in general, a warm climate. People often call itthe “_____ _____”.19.The largest state, _____, is famous for its glacier, waterfall and ripples.20.There rises the tendency of shifting the centre of industries from the _____ to the_____.21.The famous _____ _____ is known as the financial centre, the symbol of theAmerican monopoly capitalism.22._____ is the centre of theatres in America.23.The nickname of Pittsburgh is the _____ and _____ City.24._____ is the second largest in population in the U.S.25.The two youngest states are _____ in the northeastern part of America and _____in the central Pacific.26.Most of the inhabitants in the U.S. are of _____ origin.27.Negro slaves were first brought to America at the beginning of the _____ century.28.The Death Valley is _____ metres below sea level.29.The population of the United States is about _____ million.30.The Statue of Liberty Island in _____ _____ harbour.31._____ _____ is the base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.32._____ _____ is the smallest state in size and the most densely populated state ofthe U.S.A.33.From a geographical point of view, the fifty states are grouped into _____ regions.34.The nickname of Houston City is _____ _____.35._____ became the fiftieth state of the United States in 1959.36._____ _____ is the longest and the most important river in the system of Gulf.37.The Library of Congress is in the city of _____.38.New England is located in the _____ corner of the country.39.The area of the Pacific coast is known for its growth of fruits, vegetables andwheat, especially in _____.40.The Middle Atlantic Region is marked by its industry. It is often called the _____Northeast.II.Explain the Following Terms1.“The backbone of the continent”2.melting potIII.Answer the Following Questions1.Give a brief presentation of the U.S. economy.2.Why is Detroit famous?Part II HistoryI.Multiple Choice1.The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3._____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4.The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5.The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646.The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7.The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148.Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9.The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill。
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案解析[美国部分]
![《最新英美概况》练习参考答案解析[美国部分]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fb648f132f60ddccda38a063.png)
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================================PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer AmerigoVespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent theoriginal thirteen colonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”,a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and wasmade the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient searoutes for foreign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorableconditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorablefor agriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The borderwas demilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, inparticular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the same language, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North American Free Trade Agreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the Americanside) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S.are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S.deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic andPacific oceans, so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, thebest place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United Statesconsisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountainsare relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km.from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father o f waters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’sfresh water. All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, andcovers a distance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is stilla cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the areais known as the “breadbaske t” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River.It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little troublewith water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests arein the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, andthousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves areto be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and themost important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But,owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a longcold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is verycold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremelycold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T P. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为 in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White isthe main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%,and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a countryof many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultu res towards some “standard” by living and workingtogether in the “melting pot” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westwardto live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent.In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half ofHispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are somechanges in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second most common language in America. The United States holdsthe world’s fifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood andMiami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from AmericanConstitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics,education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations.American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights and criticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.3. Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out oflove, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.4. The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, etc.P. 257I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. racial, cultural2. hard work3. formal class system4. “do-it-yourself”5. The Epic of AmericaP. 261-262I Fill in the blanks with names of the holidays.New Year’s DayThe third Monday in January, Martin Luther King DayWashington’s Birthday, Presidents DayThe last Monday in May, American CivilIndependence Day, “Fourth of July”Columbus Day, Christopher ColumbusNovember 11The fourth Thursday in November, Thanksgiving DayDecember 25, Christmas Day, Jesus ChristP. 264I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 19352. Franklin Roosevelt3. Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)4. MedicareP. 270I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TP. 275I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Baseball2. American football3. the Dream Team4. the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the US Open5. mixed martial artsP. 279I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TP. 286-287I Link the following great names with famous sayings below them.B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, HChapter Ten A Brief History of the United StatesP. 290-291I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a broad land bridge2. adapted to the different environments they lived in3. hunting, fishing4. collectiveII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. C3. C (书中C选项中的第四个词“no”删掉)4. C5.AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Menzies argued that Zhenghe discovered North America much earlierthan Columbus did. He presented many archeological findings ofChinese articles in North America which were believed to be leftbehind by Zheng’s fleet.2. Some Native Americans tribes lived in the eastern woods, some inthe western deserts, others along the coastal areas, thereforedifferent cultures and languages evolved due to the differentenvironment conditions.3. Native Americans had developed a relative high civilization (somecould plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses withmany rooms, while others could also weave clothes and make pottery).They had collective ownership of means of production and women in sometribe enjoyed high status.4. Native Americans believed that everything in nature had spiritualpower. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend thespiritual power in nature and get punished.5. The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who mademany descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people thenthought he had first discovered North America.P. 293-294I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. several times larger2. New Netherland3. West India4. make France the most powerful nation in Europe and North AmericaII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. D4. A5. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to serve theirking and to spread their religion.2. People from many places lived together peacefully, they spoke manydifferent languages, had different religions, they learned to betolerant and contributed to the diversity in today’s America.3. King Louis XIV wanted to develop New France to make France strongerthan Great Britain and Spain by exploiting the natural resources inNew France.4. The major colonies established by major European powers includedNew Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies inNorth America. Most colonies were established through the use of forcebecause European settlers were militarily more powerful than NativeAmericans who had only primitive weapons such as spears and arrows. P. 297-298I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Jamestown, Georgia2. Puritans wanted to be able to communicate with God directly throughreading the Bible to understand God; education was also importantin cultivating democracy among its citizens.3. build a school supported by tax4. diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant5. rural and engaged in farmingII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. D3. D4. C5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Because they were persecuted back in Britain and they wanted toestablish “a city upon hill” in the New World for the rest of theworld to look upon.2. Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there werethirteen colonies before the American War for Independence.3. The differences were a result of different climate patterns,different settlers and their values and beliefs.4. The Mayflower Compact was important because it expressed people’swill to govern by themselves. It started the democratic election ofleaders and people reached a consensus that they would abide by thejust and equal laws passed by their chosen leaders.5. Slavery was mostly in the southern colonies because of the climatecondition in the South where summer is long and hot while winter shortand warm. The land is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makesplanting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable inthe South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till theland in the hot climate).P. 301-302I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy2. they were actually British subjects and needed British protection3. t hey believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.4. the closing of the port of Boston, depriving the self-rule ofMassachusetts5. appealing to the English king to abolish the Intolerable ActsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. A3. A4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. After the Seven Years’ War, Britain tightened its economic andpolitical control over the colonists, who resisted the Britishcontrol because they had been used to a high-degree autonomy anddemocracy.2. They were named the “Intolerable Acts”because the measures wereintolerable to the colonists. The Acts hurt the economic interestsand violated rights of the colonists. The acts included closing theport of Boston, the deprivation of self-rule of Massachusetts andothers.3. The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages of beingfamiliar with the home battleground. They also received foreign aidfrom France, Spain and the Netherlands.4. The Declaration of Independence is significant because it announcedcolonists’belief (the first in the world) that all people are equaland have some natural rights (life, liberty, etc.) that cannot beviolated. It also establishes a political principle that a governmentshould protect people’s rights since its power comes from people.If a government violates people’s rights, people then have the rightto overthrow it and establish a new one that can serve people well.The American Revolution is important because it gave birth to thefirst modern republic in the world. It is the first time that coloniesdefeated tyrannical oppressors and won independence, setting a goodexample for other colonies.5. Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.P. 307-308I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonies2. millions of acres of land3. through war, purchase and threats.4. the Manifest Destiny5. opportunities to realize their dreamsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. BC3. D4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become a worldpower; economically, it financed the American development;culturally, it is the source of many literary creations and helpedto forge the American national character.2. Many aspects of the American national character can find their rootsin the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence, optimism andcreativity.3. It was in nature an excuse to justify their aggressive expansion.4. American Indians were the real owners of the land and surelyresisted the expansion of the whites. To get their land, the whitesrepeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited the Indians.Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors were driven to Indianreservations. Many Indians are still living in poverty.5. Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed thepeople and revenue financed the American economic growth; it alsocontributed a great deal to the American Industrialization byproviding rich resources, cheap labor and a huge market for industrialproducts.P. 311-312I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. willingly2. unified, high/protective, free3. would be solved by itself4. abolitionists, abolitionII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. ABCD3. ABCD4. AD5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Slavery broke up the domestic market, making the free movement ofcapital and labor impossible.2. Politically, the balance between the North and South was broken whenmore states entered the Union as free states and the South was afraidthat the North would try to abolish slavery when the North could gatherenough votes to pass laws unfavorable to the South; economically, theNorth wanted to develop capitalism which demanded free labor, hightariffs and a unified market and the South wanted to retain itsplantation economy based on slavery; culturally, many people opposedslavery because of its inhumanity, anti-equality and anti-democracynature.3. After the announcement of the Emancipation of Proclamation,hundreds of blacks joined the Union army to fight for their freedom;。
《新颖英美概况》练习参考问题详解解析汇报[美国部分]
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《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================================PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer AmerigoVespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent theoriginal thirteen colonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”,a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and wasmade the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient searoutes for foreign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorableconditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorablefor agriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The borderwas demilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, inparticular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the same language, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North American Free Trade Agreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the Americanside) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S.are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S.deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic andPacific oceans, so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, thebest place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United Statesconsisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountainsare relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km.from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is know n as “the father of waters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’sfresh water. All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, andcovers a distance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is stilla cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the areais known as the “breadbasket” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River.It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little troublewith water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests arein the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, andthousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves areto be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and themost important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But,owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a longcold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is verycold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremelycold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T P. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为 in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White isthe main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%,and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a countryof many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their differen t ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and workingtogether in the “melting pot” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westwardto live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent.In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half ofHispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are somechanges in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second most common language in America. The United States holdsthe world’s fifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood andMiami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from AmericanConstitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics,education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations.American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights and criticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.3. Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out oflove, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.4. The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, etc.P. 257I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. racial, cultural2. hard work3. formal class system4. “do-it-yourself”5. The Epic of AmericaP. 261-262I Fill in the blanks with names of the holidays.New Year’s DayThe third Monday in January, Martin Luther King DayWashington’s Birthday, Presidents DayThe last Monday in May, American CivilIndependence Day, “Fourth of July”Columbus Day, Christopher ColumbusNovember 11The fourth Thursday in November, Thanksgiving DayDecember 25, Christmas Day, Jesus ChristP. 264I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 19352. Franklin Roosevelt3. Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)4. MedicareP. 270I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TP. 275I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Baseball2. American football3. the Dream Team4. the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the US Open5. mixed martial artsP. 279I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TP. 286-287I Link the following great names with famous sayings below them.B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, HChapter Ten A Brief History of the United StatesP. 290-291I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a broad land bridge2. adapted to the different environments they lived in3. hunting, fishing4. collectiveII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. C3. C (书中C选项中的第四个词“no”删掉)4. C5.AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Menzies argued that Zhenghe discovered North America much earlierthan Columbus did. He presented many archeological findings ofChinese articles in North America which were believed to be leftbehind by Zheng’s fleet.2. Some Native Americans tribes lived in the eastern woods, some inthe western deserts, others along the coastal areas, thereforedifferent cultures and languages evolved due to the differentenvironment conditions.3. Native Americans had developed a relative high civilization (somecould plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses withmany rooms, while others could also weave clothes and make pottery).They had collective ownership of means of production and women in sometribe enjoyed high status.4. Native Americans believed that everything in nature had spiritualpower. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend thespiritual power in nature and get punished.5. The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who mademany descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people thenthought he had first discovered North America.P. 293-294I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. several times larger2. New Netherland3. West India4. make France the most powerful nation in Europe and North AmericaII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. D4. A5. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to serve theirking and to spread their religion.2. People from many places lived together peacefully, they spoke manydifferent languages, had different religions, they learned to betolerant and contributed to the diversity in today’s America.3. King Louis XIV wanted to develop New France to make France strongerthan Great Britain and Spain by exploiting the natural resources inNew France.4. The major colonies established by major European powers includedNew Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies inNorth America. Most colonies were established through the use of forcebecause European settlers were militarily more powerful than NativeAmericans who had only primitive weapons such as spears and arrows. P. 297-298I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Jamestown, Georgia2. Puritans wanted to be able to communicate with God directly throughreading the Bible to understand God; education was also importantin cultivating democracy among its citizens.3. build a school supported by tax4. diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant5. rural and engaged in farmingII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. D3. D4. C5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Because they were persecuted back in Britain and they wanted toestablish “a city upon hill” in the New World for the rest of theworld to look upon.2. Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there werethirteen colonies before the American War for Independence.3. The differences were a result of different climate patterns,different settlers and their values and beliefs.4. The Mayflower Compact was important because it expressed people’swill to govern by themselves. It started the democratic election ofleaders and people reached a consensus that they would abide by thejust and equal laws passed by their chosen leaders.5. Slavery was mostly in the southern colonies because of the climatecondition in the South where summer is long and hot while winter shortand warm. The land is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makesplanting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable inthe South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till theland in the hot climate).P. 301-302I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy2. they were actually British subjects and needed British protection3. t hey believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.4. the closing of the port of Boston, depriving the self-rule ofMassachusetts5. appealing to the English king to abolish the Intolerable ActsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. A3. A4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. After the Seven Years’ War, Britain tightened its economic andpolitical control over the colonists, who resisted the Britishcontrol because they had been used to a high-degree autonomy anddemocracy.2. They were named the “Intolerable Acts”because the measures wereintolerable to the colonists. The Acts hurt the economic interestsand violated rights of the colonists. The acts included closing theport of Boston, the deprivation of self-rule of Massachusetts andothers.3. The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages of beingfamiliar with the home battleground. They also received foreign aidfrom France, Spain and the Netherlands.4. The Declaration of Independence is significant because it announcedcolonists’belief (the first in the world) that all people are equaland have some natural rights (life, liberty, etc.) that cannot beviolated. It also establishes a political principle that a governmentshould protect people’s rights since its power comes from people.If a government violates people’s rights, people then have the rightto overthrow it and establish a new one that can serve people well.The American Revolution is important because it gave birth to thefirst modern republic in the world. It is the first time that coloniesdefeated tyrannical oppressors and won independence, setting a goodexample for other colonies.5. Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.P. 307-308I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonies2. millions of acres of land3. through war, purchase and threats.4. the Manifest Destiny5. opportunities to realize their dreamsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. BC3. D4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become a worldpower; economically, it financed the American development;culturally, it is the source of many literary creations and helpedto forge the American national character.2. Many aspects of the American national character can find their rootsin the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence, optimism andcreativity.3. It was in nature an excuse to justify their aggressive expansion.4. American Indians were the real owners of the land and surelyresisted the expansion of the whites. To get their land, the whitesrepeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited the Indians.Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors were driven to Indianreservations. Many Indians are still living in poverty.5. Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed thepeople and revenue financed the American economic growth; it alsocontributed a great deal to the American Industrialization byproviding rich resources, cheap labor and a huge market for industrialproducts.P. 311-312I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. willingly2. unified, high/protective, free3. would be solved by itself4. abolitionists, abolitionII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. ABCD3. ABCD4. AD5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Slavery broke up the domestic market, making the free movement ofcapital and labor impossible.2. Politically, the balance between the North and South was broken whenmore states entered the Union as free states and the South was afraidthat the North would try to abolish slavery when the North could gatherenough votes to pass laws unfavorable to the South; economically, theNorth wanted to develop capitalism which demanded free labor, hightariffs and a unified market and the South wanted to retain itsplantation economy based on slavery; culturally, many people opposedslavery because of its inhumanity, anti-equality and anti-democracynature.3. After the announcement of the Emancipation of Proclamation,hundreds of blacks joined the Union army to fight for their freedom;。
英美概况(二)高起本.pdf
单选题1.Harvard,one of the most famous universities in the world,was founded in()A.1636B.1635C.1634D.1639答案:A2.The Pilgrims were able to survive in America because().A.they received help from the IndiansB.they were supported by rich companiesC.many ships brought them food from EnglandD.they had signed the Mayflower Compact答案:A3.In the U.S.,people go to church mainly for the following reasons except().A.for finding a job in socielyB.for having a place in a communityC.for identifying themselves with dominant valuesD.for getting together with friends答案:A4.The US is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products, in which the second most important export is().A.CottonB.vegetable oilsC.cereal grainsD.soybeans答案:C5.After the Civil War,the United States saw great developments in().A.agricultureB.economicsC.cultureD.politics答案:A6.What belongs to the attitudes of Americans toward manual labor?A.Highly valuingB.looking down upon it.C.NeutralD.Refusing to take on it.答案:A7.()serve as the media between producers and retailers,or producers and wholesalers.A.ProducersB.RetailersC.WholesalersD.The government答案:C8.The period of colonization covered the years from1607to(), that is,from the first settlement of English colonists to the independence of the USA.A.1776B.1777C.1778D.1779答案:A9.By law any natural-born American citizen of any over years of age()can run for the presidency.A.thirty threeB.thirty fourC.thirty fiveD.thirty six答案:C10.Day-to-day family leisure activities include the following activities EXCEPT().A.going to a restaurant for dinnerB.visit Disney WorldC.barbecuingD.shopping malls答案:B11.The state()is rich in fishing and trapping.A.HawaiiB.CaliforniaC.AlaskaD.New York答案:C12.The largest religious group in America is().A.Roman CatholicsB.ProtestantsC.OrthodistsD.Presbyterians答案:B13.The turning point of the War of Independence was the Battle of()in1777.A.YorktownB.SaratogaC.Bunker HillD.Lexington答案:B14.The two major political parties in the United States are().A.the Democratic Party and the Republican PartyB.the Labor Party and the Conservative PartyC.the Liberal Party and the Conservative PartyD.the Federalist Party and the Republican Party答案:A15.()is the second largest US city in terms of population in the United States of America and the largest industrial city in the country.A.Los AngelesB.PhiladelphiaC.ChicagoD.California答案:C16.The Midway Island Battle was the turning point of the()War.A.PacificB.ColdC.AtlanticD.Civil答案:A17.The first imperialist war took place between the U.S.and() in1898.A.BritainB.FranceC.SpainD.Mexico答案:C18.Christianity consists of the following except()A.CatholicismB.East OrthodoxC.Jewish ChurchD.Protestantism答案:C19.The“first Americans”were the().A.black slavesB.IndiansC.whitesD.Eskimos答案:B20.()has the power to impeach the President of the United States when he abuses his power.A.The SenateB.The Justice of the Supreme CourtC.The CongressD.The Supreme Court答案:C21.The national flag of the United States is known as().A.the Star-Spangled BannerB.Uncle SamC.Hot DogD.Union Jack答案:A22.The largest seaport of the United States is().A.San DiegoB.San FranciscoC.ChicagoD.New York答案:D23.Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system:(),the Supreme Court and the Presidency.A.the SenateB.The House of RepresentativesC.CongressD.the highest court答案:C24.The University of California,with several branch campuses, has more than()students.A.128000B.129000C.126000D.127000答案:A25.The largest public library in the U.S.is().A.Library of CongressB.Library of HarvardC.Franklin LibraryD.Roosevelt Library答案:A26.The()River forms part of the boundary between Canada and the USA,serving as an international river.A.ColoradoB.OhioC.Missouriwrence答案:D27.The Head of the Representatives is called().A.LeaderB.ChancellorC.SpeakerD.Chairman答案:C28.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism except().A.challenging the authority of the PopeB.salvation through faithC.salvation through the churchD.establishing a direct contact with God答案:C29.Metropolitan Museum is in().A.Washington D.C.B.BostonC.New YorkD.Philadelphia答案:C30.President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed a well-known policy called()to save the economic situation.A.the Open Door PolicyB.the New DealC.Good Neighbor PolicyD.the“Big Stick”答案:B31.The original name of New York is().A.New HampshireB.New AmsterdamC.New JerseyD.New England答案:B32.The presiding officer of the Senate is()who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.A.the SpeakerB.the Vice PresidentC.theCongressmanD.the Floor Leader答案:B33.The U.S. A.is known as a“Melting Pot”for its().A.mixture of religionsB.mixture of nationalitiesC.mixture of climatesD.mixture of habits答案:B34.The state to which the Mayflower sailed is().A.FloridaB.MaineC.MassachusettsD.Virginia答案:C35.()is the largest city in the US.A.Los AngelesB.ChicagoC.DetroitD.the New York City答案:D36.()served more than two terms in American history.A.Franklin D.RooseveltB.George WashingtonC.Thomas JeffersonD.Abraham Lincoln.答案:A37.()are the most numerous in the minorities of the United States.A.blacksB.Hispanicsn-AmericansD.Jews答案:A38.()is the spokesman of the US foreign policy.A.The State SecretaryB.The PresidentC.The Vice PresidentD.The Chief of the White House Staff答案:A39.The Niagara Falls is located on the US and Canadian boundary between lake Erie and lake().A.SuperiorB.MichiganC.HuronD.Ontario答案:D40.The symbol of the Republican Party is().A.a monkeyB.an elephantC.a horseD.a donkey答案:B41.In(),the first satellite was launched in the USA.A.1958B.1657C.1659D.1655答案:A42.The“Senior Citizens”in the senior centers refer to.()A.high officialsB.professorsC.presidentsD.old people答案:D43.()is the only branch that can make federal laws,and levy federal taxes.A.The executiveB.The legislativeC.The JudicialD.The president答案:B44.Harvard University was founded in().A.1366B.1633C.1636D.1363答案:C45.Detroit is famous for the production of().A.bambooB.automobilesC.timberD.airplanes答案:B46.America occupies the leading position in the modern technology in the following areas except().A.atomic energyputersC.spaceD.shipbuilding答案:D47.The three biggest newspapers are of the following except().A.New York TimesB.Reader's DigestC.Washington PostD.Los Angeles Times答案:B48.The first immigrants came to America from England to escape ().A.povertyB.imprisonmentC.religious persecutionD.all of the above答案:D49.The most famous19radio stations is().A.the Columbia Broadcasting SystemB.the American Broadcasting SystemC.Voice of AmericaD.The National Broadcasting System答案:C50.From1949to1972,the number of scientists who moved into the USA from various countries in the world reached()A.200000B.300000C.400000D.500000答案:A51.The largest freshwater lake in the world is().ke Superiorke Erieke Ontarike Michigan答案:A52.When()was elected president,the southern states broke away and formed a new nation,the Confederate States of America.A.Thomas JeffersonB.Franklin D.RooseveltC.George WashingtonD.Abraham Lincoln答案:D53.The most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its()superiority.A.industrialB.agriculturalC.economicalitary答案:A54.The river that serves as the dividing line between the South and the North of the United States is().A.the Columbia RiverB.the Potomac RiverC.the Ohio RiverD.the Colorado River答案:B55.The presiding officer of the Senate is()who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.A.the SpeakerB.the Vice PresidentC.the CongressmanD.the Floor Leader答案:B判断题1.American government has always been playing an important role in the development of American economy.A.错误B.正确答案:B2.The supreme judicial body in the USA is in the District Court.A.错误B.正确答案:Abour Day was first celebrated in honour of the workers in the USA.B.正确答案:B4.Americans are free to have guns,and this makes hunting a popular sport in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:B5.It was the Scandinavian immigrants in the mid-seventeenth century who introduced skiing into the USA.A.错误B.正确答案:A6.America was once the dominant exporting nation,but her competitive superiority lostA.错误B.正确答案:B7.Basketball is the summer sport in American schools and colleges.A.错误B.正确答案:A8.There are three world religions:Buddhism,Islam and Christianity.B.正确答案:B9.On July4,1775,the Continental Congress passed and adopted the Declaration of IndependenceA.错误B.正确答案:A10.Americans have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies.A.错误B.正确答案:B11.American's biggest challenge is coming from Pacific Rim countries such as Japan,South Korea,and Singapore.A.错误B.正确答案:B12.The leading region for manufacturing activity is the Middle Atlantic regionA.错误B.正确答案:A13.In most high schools,apart from general education,there is also vocational training for specific occupationsA.错误B.正确答案:B14.Martin Luther King was a black minister,who became a great leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the1950s and1970s.A.错误B.正确答案:A15.Christianity came into being in20A.D.A.错误B.正确答案:A16.Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.A.错误B.正确答案:B17.In the United States,cotton is a leading commercial crop in the South.A.错误B.正确答案:B18.Voice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America.A.错误B.正确答案:B19.The1787Constitution consisted of8articles and later26 amendments were added.A.错误B.正确答案:A20.Thomas Jefferson is the3rd US Presidetn from1801to1809. He was a lawyer who opposed the British colonial policy and was a member of the Continental Congress.A.错误B.正确答案:B21.There are nearly3100state parks and recreation areas in the USA..A.错误B.正确答案:B22.Americans like boating.Motorboats,as well as canoes,are very popular for fishing and water-skiingA.错误B.正确答案:B23.Death Valley,280feet below sea level.It is the lowest point in the whole of North America.A.错误B.正确答案:B24.The Eastern Orthodox Church was separated from Roman Catholic Church in1054,with the population of130million.A.错误B.正确答案:B25.The group of buildings of the United Nations stands along the West River at the end of the42nd Street.A.错误B.正确答案:A26.Detroit has been known as the automobile capital of the world.A.错误B.正确答案:B27.American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leadin gposition for the past century.A.错误B.正确答案:B28.St.Valentine’s Day is a sweetheart festival on15th February on which lovers send presents to each other to show his or her love.A.错误B.正确答案:A29.America is the world's largest producer of electricity,but stil it has to import electricity from Canada.A.错误B.正确答案:B30.Christopher Columbus was a Spanish adventurer.A.错误B.正确答案:A31.Women’s Liberation Movement has been the single important social movement of the1970’s.A.错误B.正确答案:B32.The western part consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Appalachian RangeA.错误B.正确答案:A33.Since1816,the executive mansion has been known as"White House".A.错误B.正确答案:A34.Generally speaking,an elementary school teacher must have a BA degree with a major in education.A.错误B.正确答案:B35.In1956,the first satellite was launched in the USA.A.错误B.正确答案:A36.The academic year lasts nine months.A.错误B.正确答案:B37.The chief function of the Congress is to deal with foreign affairs.A.错误B.正确答案:A38.Each of the fifty states of the U.S.A.elects three senators.B.正确答案:A39.When Lincoln was elected president,the southern states broke away and formed a new nation,the Confederate Union of America.A.错误B.正确答案:B40.From1901to1978,there were altogether117people in the USA having won the Nobel Prizes for the research of natural science.A.错误B.正确答案:B41.The Republican Party grew out of the“Anti-Federalists”that appeared after1787when the Constitution was made.A.错误B.正确答案:A42.VOA is the most famous of the eighteen radio stations of the USA for the propaganda to foreign countriesA.错误B.正确答案:A43.The annual session of the Congress begins on January3rd each year.Congress holds two annual sessions each term.B.正确答案:B44.Mount Mekinley,6187meters high,on the north of the Alaska, the highest peak on the American continent.A.错误B.正确答案:A45.The emigration from England to the colonies in America was mainly sponsored by the king.A.错误B.正确答案:A46.According to the US Constitution,Congress exercises the legislative power.It enjoys the power of making laws,levying taxes and appropriating money for government expenditure.A.错误B.正确答案:B47.When the state administrations act out the powers given to them in the Constitution,the federal administration has right to interfere.A.错误B.正确答案:A48.The military leader of the Southern army in the American Civial War was General Grant.A.错误B.正确答案:A49.In1791,the first ten amendments were made.This is the well-known"Bill of Rights",which contains such liberties as freedom of religion,freedom of speech,freedom of press,etc.A.错误B.正确答案:B50.The constitution llimits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power.A.错误B.正确答案:B51.Lexington Fire was the ending of American War of IndependenceA.错误B.正确答案:A52.The land can be divided into three parts according to its geographical features：the eastern part，the western part，and the central Plains.A.错误B.正确53.After the Asian War broke out,there were two war arenas in the world.One was the European arena;the other was the Pacific arena.A.错误B.正确答案:B54.The successful merchants and ship-builders became the forefathers of the American bourgeoisie in industry.A.错误B.正确答案:B55.Los Angeles leads the country in the manufacture of aircraft and spare parts and the area has become an aviation center.A.错误B.正确答案:B56.The election of the American presidency comes every four years.A.错误B.正确答案:B57.William Penn was not one of the founding fathersof the American Republic.B.正确答案:B58.Between the Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Rocky Mountains there is a large area of desert,of which Death Valley is the lowest and hottest place in America.A.错误B.正确答案:B59.In1920,the USA had only10radio stations.A.错误B.正确答案:A60.The Rocky Mountains form the most important river divide in the States,separating the system of the Mexican gulf and the system of the Pacific.A.错误B.正确答案:A61.There are roughly two industrial sections in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:A62.It is true that the US now has a"free market"system.A.错误B.正确63.The name"Indians"was given by Amerigo Vespucci.When he first discovered the American continent,he mistook the natives there for the people of India.A.错误B.正确答案:A64.Olympic Games are international sporting contests which take place every four years in whatever country the national athletic festival held at Olympia.A.错误B.正确答案:B65.The New York Times is sold all over the USA with a circulation of895000.A.错误B.正确答案:B66.With6percent of the world's population,the United States produced half the world's goods.A.错误B.正确答案:B67.There are two major denominations in America:Christian Science and Mormonism that are the results of native developments.A.错误B.正确答案:B68.The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate of interest on the borrowed moneyA.错误B.正确答案:B69.In western California lies Death Valley,280feet below sea level.It is the lowest point in the whole of North America.A.错误B.正确答案:A70.The containment policy was to hold back the expansion of the Soviet Union.It was the basis of the US foreign policy during the Cold War.A.错误B.正确答案:B71.The US political system was established on the basis of three main principles:federalism,the separation of powers and respect for the constitution and the rule of law.A.错误B.正确答案:B72.Washington is the headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system:Congress,the Supreme Court and the Presidency.A.错误B.正确答案:B73.The early settlers in the colony discovered a way to make money by growing tobacco.A.错误B.正确答案:B74.In Protestantism there are about30principal groupsA.错误B.正确答案:B75.The Proclamation declared the abolition of slavery an objective of the war in addition to the objective of saving the Union.B.正确答案:B76.The House of Representatives has435members plus a nonvoting representative from Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia.A.错误B.正确答案:B77.The Federalists are supporters of the federal principle of government or members of political group from1787to1823which favoured strong centralized government and was in power from1789 to1800in the USA.A.错误B.正确答案:B78.The Federal Constitution of the USA,which was adopted in1787 and came into effect in1788,is the first comparatively complete written constitution.A.错误B.正确答案:A79.Between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians lies the Central Plain which occupies one third of America's landmass on the continent.B.正确答案:A80.The period of the“Cold War”began when Trumanism came forth in March1947.A.错误B.正确答案:B81.The Three Faiths in the US.Refer to Protestant,Catholic and Jewish.A.错误B.正确答案:B82.All the newspapers and magazines in the USA are privately owned.A.错误B.正确答案:B83.The belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs.A.错误B.正确答案:B84.The largest Protestant group is the Baptist.A.错误B.正确85.The basic causes of World War I lay in the political and economical rivalries of the great powers.A.错误B.正确答案:A86.The president can veto the bill if he hopes to prevent the bill from becoming law.A.错误B.正确答案:B87.The Roman Catholic Church was separated from Orthodoxy in1054A.错误B.正确答案:B88.There is unified federal policy for enrollment and every university is not free to select its own first-year students and set its own standardA.错误B.正确答案:A89.Americans show great respect for Abraham Lincoln and most people regard him as a model in their personal struggle.A.错误B.正确90.The president can serve more than two successive terms of four years each.A.错误B.正确答案:A91.In the USA,a two-year college was originally called a“junior college”,but now it is called a“community collegeA.错误B.正确答案:B92.American economy is a free enterprise systemA.错误B.正确答案:B93.The USA supplies a larger share of the imports to all other countries than does any other nation in the world.A.错误B.正确答案:B94.Before the breakout of the Civil War,the Whig Party,which had been formed during Jackson's day,began to break up.A.错误B.正确答案:B95.The Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May so that all can enjoy a three-day weekend.A.错误B.正确答案:B96.Columbus discovered the new World in the year of1493.A.错误B.正确答案:A97.In April1949,13nations established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the USSR.A.错误B.正确答案:A98.The Statue of Liberty was given by the Spanish people as a gift.A.错误B.正确答案:A99.By the beginning of the20th century,the United States controlled the most part of the globe.A.错误B.正确答案:A100.VOA Radio Station is in Washington.A.错误B.正确答案:B101.May1st is an international Labour Day,a public holiday in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:B102.Iowa is the head of corn-producing states.A.错误B.正确答案:B103.The common house during colonial times was log cabin.A.错误B.正确答案:B104.In the system of the Pacific,there are two major rivers:the Columbia River and the Colorado River.A.错误B.正确答案:B105.Every state constitution divides political power among four elements.A.错误B.正确答案:A106.The Bill of Rights consists of10amendments adopted in1787.A.错误B.正确答案:A107.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May1776A.错误B.正确答案:A108.The first computer came into being in1944and in the same year, the first atom bomb was tested.A.错误B.正确答案:A109.Independence Day is celebrated in all the statesA.错误B.正确答案:B110.The spirit of“do-it-yourself”may be reflected in many aspects of American life.A.错误B.正确答案:B111.About two-thirds of the income of the average daily newspaper comes from advertisingB.正确答案:B112.The American Supreme Court is only headed by eight other judges,all called justices,who are appointed for life terms by the president with the consent of the Senate,and who can only be removed by impeachment.A.错误B.正确答案:A113.The eastern part is made up of the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range.A.错误B.正确答案:B114.The election process in the United States is rather simple.A.错误B.正确答案:A115.New Year's Day is on January1st,a legal holiday in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:B116.The USA has many achievements in the field of science and technologyB.正确答案:B117.The Washington Post was founded in1876and associated with the conventional conservative force in the Congress.A.错误B.正确答案:A118.The Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent. However,ever since the discovery of the land in1492they have been cruelly treated.They were driven into barren desert regions, the so-called“Indian Reservations”.A.错误B.正确答案:B119.A member of either House of Congress doesn't have the right to introduce a bill.A.错误B.正确答案:A120.Chicago,the second largest US city in terms of population in the United States of America,lies on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan at a point where the Chicago River enters the lake.B.正确答案:B121.The poverty and wealth of the US is not distributed evenly by race,geography or age.A.错误B.正确答案:A122.About96percent of all American homes have television sets and more than25percent have two or more sets.A.错误B.正确答案:B123.Impeachment is a charge brought by the US House of Representatives against an official in the judicial or executive branches of the federal government.A.错误B.正确答案:B124.The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas JeffersonA.错误B.正确答案:B125.The president really has enormous power,both in his or her own capacity as the chief executive and acting through members of his or her Cabinet.A.错误B.正确答案:B126.There is a rather uneven distribution of the population in the U.S. A.There are four densely-populated areas in the country.A.错误B.正确答案:B127.In the USA there occurred six economic crises from the end of the war to the middle of the1970s.A.错误B.正确答案:B128.On December7th,1942,Japan attacked a US naval base at Pearl Harbour.The attack on Pearl Harbour shook the whole country of the United States of America.The next day President Roosevelt gave a short address and Congress declared war on Japan.A.错误B.正确答案:A129.Most of the USA is in the temperate zone，with four distinct seasons and varying numbers of hot and co1d days each season, while the northern states and AIaska have extremely cold winters.A.错误B.正确答案:B130.The standard of living of American farmers is generally high.A.错误B.正确答案:B131.The first National Thanksgiving Day was set on November16, 1789by George Washington in his inauguration.A.错误B.正确答案:A132.The distinctive feature of the American educational system is its“emphasis on education of the masses rather than on education of the intellectuals”A.错误B.正确答案:B133.In1957,the first satellite was launched in the USAA.错误B.正确答案:A134.Boston is situated in Boston Bay,Massachusetts.It is a fine natural harbor and one of America's great seaports.A.错误B.正确答案:B135.The American War of Independence was an event of great historic importance.By smashing the fetters of British rule,it gave the colonies their fight to national independence and assured US capitalism of a free development.A.错误B.正确答案:B136.The Great Plains is the eastern part of the central plain.A.错误B.正确答案:A137.Problems exist in American religion.Some of the small sects are extremely intolerant.A.错误B.正确答案:Bpared with four-year colleges,universities are generally larger in enrollment,with better libraries,more research work, and teachers with higher doctorates.A.错误B.正确答案:B139.The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes.This is known as the winner-take-all principle.A.错误B.正确答案:B140.The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in September1775to consider and act on the situation arising from the so-called Intolerable Acts passed by the Bitish Parliament.A.错误B.正确答案:A141.In April1947,just at the end of the war,a conference was called at San Francisco in America to organize the United Nations.A.错误B.正确答案:A142.Houston is located near the Gulf of Mexico and is connected with the Gulf by a deep-water channelA.错误B.正确答案:B143.The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in LexingtonA.错误B.正确答案:B144.The executive body consists of fourteen departments and many independent agencies,including the postal service.A.错误B.正确答案:A145.During the American Revolution in1776,George Washington had his headquarters for a time in New York City.A.错误B.正确答案:B146.American’s biggest challenge is coming from Pacific Rim countries such as Japan,South Korea,and Singapore.A.错误B.正确答案:B147.Most Americans consider their religious beliefs and activities to be private matters.A.错误B.正确答案:B。
英美概况第二册 unit2
◆universities
There are nine universities in New Zealand:
Auckland University 奥克兰大学
Auckland University of Technology 奥克兰理工大学
Canterbury 坎特伯雷大学
Lincoln 林肯大学
The Ombudsman
The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament to investigate people’s complaints against government departments and local authorities , and to ensure that appropriate official information is freely available to public under the Official Information Act
Children spend about two years in the infant classes, they then progress through Standards 1 to 4 and , in some schools, Forms 1 and 2.
◆ Secondary school
Olives
Oats
Avocados
Persimmon
Forestry &Fishing
Forestry and fishing constitute new natural resourcebased industries with exciting potential for further development.
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Unit 3-4I. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government?A. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It has no written form of constitution.D. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.2. Which of the following kings believed the “Divine Right”to govern, and was condemned to death during the English Civil War?A. James IB. Charles IC. King JohnD. James II3. Which of the following succeeded to the throne when James I died in 1625?A. Charles IB. James IIC. Richard ID. William III4.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by , but ruled by .A. the government/the MonarchB. the Monarch/the governmentC. the Parliament/Constitutional monarchD. the Cabinet/Queen Elizabeth5. The executive power is in the hands of .A. ParliamentB. The House of CommonsC. The Cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterD. The Queen6. Which of the following is not correct?A. The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council.B. The Queen receives reports of Cabinet meetings in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister.C. The Queen must take sides when a dispute arises in the CabinetD. The Queen is informed of, and consulted on every aspect of national life,7. The real power of the House of Lords lies in .A. helping to pass Money BillsB. delaying billsC. discussing billsD. being Supreme Court8.Most of the practical work of the government is done by .A. the Prime MinisterB. the Cabinet ministersC. the civil servantsD. the heads of departments9. Why are so many party members elected to Parliament in each Election in Britain?A. Because party members usually enjoy better reputation.B. Because party members have more experience in forming a government.C. Because party members have the backing of nationwide organizations.D. Because people trust party members to a greater degree.10. Which group of people is considered as the middle class?A. Those with incomes from rents and property payments.B. Those who dealt with paper, either in business or in a profession.C. Those who did manual labor.D. Those who had a great deal of money.11. is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.A. The Liberal PartyB. The Conservative PartyC. The Labour PartyD. The Liberal Democrat Party12. The Labour Party became one of the two major parties after .A. 1916B. 1922C. 1930D. 194513. The Conservative Party supports the following policies except .A. denationalizationB. free enterpriseC. extending the social serviceD. cautious social reform14. By is a “vote of no confidence” decided.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the two major partiesD. the Prime Minister15. Some industries that had been nationalized (taken over by the state) after 1945, such as .A. British Oil CorporationB. British AirwayC. British TelecommunicationsD. all of the aboveII. Fill in the blanks.1. In Britain, the Queen, whose principal role id symbolic, is also involved in theday-to-day workings of government. Among other things, she holds meetings of the Council----her personal advisory council, and in her weekly sessions with the Prime Minister, she receives reports of meetings.2. The Bill passed by the Parliament in 1689 after that the Revolution in Britain is known as the English Bill of which marked not only a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch, but also the beginning of the British Monarchy.3. When Queen Anne died without any heirs, the English throne was offered to her nearest relative, George of Hanover , who thus became George Iof .4. In the English Civil War, the “Roundhead” supported while the “cavalier” supported .5. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements .6. 1688-1689, supported by the Parliament, King William II a Dutch prince, and his British wife Queen Mary II overthrew James II without bloodshed and became the joint rules of England. This was called . William and Mary then signed , which severely limited the king or queen’ s power, and since then began.7. The British Prime Minister from the Conservative Party who was also known as the “Iron Lady” was .8. In the British system of government, the leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of during the becomes the Prime Minister.9. There are five grades of English peers (nobleman). From the highest to the lowest, they are , , earl, and .10. There are three major parties in the UK: , the Labour Partyand .III. Explain the items.1.the Great Council;2. Magna Charter;3.Constitutional Monarchy;4. The Bill of Rights of 1689;5. Oliver Cromwell;6. NHS and its waiting list;7. Nationalization;8. “first-past-the post” election system;9. Shadow Cabinet; 10. Privatization; 11. General Election in Britain; 12. English Class System; 13. V ote of no confidenceIV. Answer the questions.1. What is the “Glorious Revolution”? Explain its significance.2. What are some of the characteristics of the British Constitution? Please use examples to illustrate your point.3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?4. What are the primary sources of British law and their common feature?5. What are the main features of British electoral system?6. Explain and assess the impact of New Labor’s constitutional reforms (e.g. Devolution, House of Lords, European policy, etc.) on British national identity.7. How would you contrast the British Liberal and Conservative parties between 1860 and 1890?8. Comment on Labor’s social and economic policies after the Second World War.。