张爱玲英文介绍ppt

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介绍张爱玲英文作文

介绍张爱玲英文作文英文：Zhang Ailing, also known as Eileen Chang, was a prominent Chinese-American writer who is widely recognized as one of the most important modern Chinese writers. Her works, which include novels, short stories, and essays, are known for their vivid descriptions of Chinese society and culture during the turbulent times of the 20th century.I first discovered Zhang Ailing's works when I was studying Chinese literature in college. Her writing style is unique and captivating, and her characters are often complex and multi-dimensional. One of my favorite works of hers is "Love in a Fallen City," which tells the story of a young woman named Bai Liusu who is caught between tradition and modernity in 1940s Hong Kong. The novel explores themes of love, identity, and societal expectations, and is a great example of Zhang Ailing's ability to create relatable and nuanced characters.Another aspect of Zhang Ailing's writing that I admireis her use of language. She has a talent for using metaphors and imagery to create a vivid and immersive reading experience. For example, in "The Golden Cangue,"she describes the oppressive atmosphere of a traditional Chinese household by comparing it to a golden cangue, atype of torture device worn around the neck.Overall, Zhang Ailing's works are a valuablecontribution to the world of Chinese literature, and her legacy continues to inspire readers and writers around the world.中文：张爱玲，也被称为Eileen Chang，是一位著名的华裔美国作家，被广泛认为是最重要的现代中国作家之一。

民国四大才女ppt(英文版)

• LuXiaoMan(1903－ 1965), she is a female painБайду номын сангаасer, and she was born in a family of scholar. She is good at English and French when she was 18. She was the second wife of XuZhiMo
Only the lonely people sit down before they can regain noisy; sadness had to do before they can re-see the smile; tasted the bitterness, will naturally sweet
Four Talented Women In Republic Of China
林徽因张爱玲 Eileen 陆小曼萧红
• Linhuiyin was born in1904, She was the first female architect in China, and She was hailed as China's first generation of talented woman by HuShi, at the same, she was a writer, poet, National Emblem of the People's Republic of China designer. She was died in 1955 at the age of 51
3答案很长，我准备用一生的时间来回答，你准备要听了吗？The answer is very long,
I am prepared to answer a lifetime, you are ready to be listened to it?

张爱玲英文介绍PPT

In 1939,she was admitted to the university of Hong Kong to study literature.
Wear all sorts of fashion
She ’s clothes were very special which mostly designed by herself or her best friend Yanying .
Her grandmother is the daughter of Li Hongzhang
Extraordinary mother
• Zhang’s mother is an extraordinary woman. • She was affected by the May 4 movement and went abroad to study painting in 1920s.She was well acquainted with Xu Beihong and JiangBiWei and she was a new school of women. • As ZhangZhiYi‘s wife, accepted the new thought, she could’t stand her husband taking opium, patronizing a prostitute and eventually the marriage was broken.
In November 1944,Hu started with the zhang ailing long separation. After went to wuhan soon, he quickly fell in love with a 17 years old nurse ZhouXunDe in Hanyang Hospital. August 15, 1945, the Japanese surrender, Hu fled to zhejiang and he married with Fan Xiumei. Later, Zhang went to Wenzhou to see them. Zhang was sad and disappointed. After she left, they accidentally were related. But zhang ailing still send money to Hu .

中国传统文化-旗袍英文介绍PPT

ChinaP,othpeuclhaeroanggasainmnwoaws .n. ot practical and was
set aside. But in 1950s and 1960s, cheongsams began to show up again in the people's lives.
无领 collarless
旗 Cheongsam 袍中国
特色
Openings（开衩）: high openings, low openings, no opening
旗 Cheongsam 袍中国
特色
Representative figures
• 张爱玲 Eileen Chang (1920-1995) A well-known writer，be addicted to cheongsam.
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浅析张爱玲小说中的女性悲剧(英文翻译版)

Analyses of the female tragedy in zhang ailing's novelabstract :Zhang ailing is the characteristic and successful woman in the history of Chinese modern literature.In the most of zhang ailing's fictions，tragedy is always the theme of them,especially the tragedy of females.so “desolate” is considered as the impression of Zhang’s fictions. Mainly from the following several aspects to explore Zhang ailing’s female tragedy in this article :first one is the women's tragedy ruled by patriarchal society under the background of feudal system.The second is the female tragedy caused by materialistic inflation.The third is the female tragedy caused by the repression and loss of the basic desire as human being.The forth is the female tragedy come from their own character flaws.Key words: Zhang ailing, fiction, female, tragedyThe introductionZhang ailing is a rarity in the 40’s Shanghai occupied areas and she got famous in the war years,which made Zhang ailing's creation full of desolate feeling from the start. Besides of the declined feudal family origins and family life of girls' generation without love , taking more care of the tragedy of women themselves become a eternal topic in her works. But when she’s writing novels, Zhang ailing often paid sympathetic attention to their women's tragedy, but there are many causes of the female tragedy. Probably they can be divided into these:1. the women's tragedy ruled by patriarchal society under the background of feudal system.2. the female tragedy caused by materialistic inflation.3. the female tragedy caused by the repression and loss of the basic desire as human being.4. the female tragedy come from their own character flaws.First . The muzzle of the feudal and patriarchal societyIn Zhang ailing's writings, women occupy the vast majority of them. But they’re different from some contemporary female writers’s extreme narrative which are lack of male being on the scene. When She built female image,she usually developed it from a marriage life. So the relationship has become a window of the world of women. For the most of females,there’s no pity in her whole life if she has a Deep-rooted of love,no matter what the end is. But in the real marriage life, women’s mourning tend to be that the women act as the subservient to men in Zhang ailing's writings. Such as Bai liusu in "love of city".Bai liusu’s ending seemed not so miserable, at least she achieved her aid and had a real marriage life.She had the security in every aspects, but she still didn’t escape from the patriarchal bondage. In the patriarchal society, the inevitable destiny of female is far away from the happiness of life and the colorful world and taste the innate sorrow herself.Second. The expansion of the materialIn the age of Zhang ailing, Capitalist civilization lighted up the Chinese society, while the traditional feudal civilization was still entrenched. On the intersection of Chinese and western culture, she analysed the material civilization of capitalism by the deep vision. As the newfemale who accepted The western culture earlier and a maverick writer, she ever said that she’s a “mammonist” frankly. Many females may knew that material is the basic guarantee of life, they pursued the material insanely in the marriage life, they made love become the boring game and the chip to obtain material because of blindly pursuing for money. At the same time, Qiqiao’s crazy pursuit of money in the “The Golden Cangue” not only caused her tragedy, but also led her daughter’s tragedy. For fear that her money being carved up,she not only compeled two daughter-in-laws to die,but also broke up her daughter and Mr. Tong cruelly, so that her son and daughter didn’t have the happy marriage live and died in the enclosed foggy kingdom of sins.Third. The repression and loss of the basic desireZhang ailing’s novels are deeply influenced by Chinese traditional culture, especially the influence of “a dream of red mansions”, at the same time ,she showed the great enthusiasm in western culture. She constantly learned the beneficial nutrients from the Chinese and western culture and low culture and digeted so that made the articles entirely new and different. But no matter “a dream of red mansions” or the western culture, lust is a eternal topic. Maybe desire is a kind of basic desires as animals, all the subjects can produce profound and classic as long as the passion involved. “Maugham's novels "blade" showed maugham's opinion of lust by “I”: Lust is at no cost. Buss ge said affection has its reason for what reason did not understand. If what he meant was that I suppose, that meant that when lust controled the emotion, feelings could invent some arguable reasons and fully proved that the world in front of love can be completely destroyed for love……Lust is devastating. “ To use some of these descriptions to explain the female tragedy in zhang ailing’s novels is very apt. From the perspective of life philosophy, the tragedy of women in zhang ailing’s novels have commons with Q who are faced with the survival dilemma in lu xun's novel. Women living as a life individual cannot satisfy the basic desire of love, so it leads to a series of human nature alienation and abnormal psychology. It is really very sad.Forth. Women’s own character flawsAristotle said: "the catastrophe of a tragedy is a tragedy hero's own negligence." When fate can’t reach the ideal we expect, when we face many difficulties, people used to go outside looking for reasons,and then,they started to think highly critical of society and complain about the fate of the injustice, however, very few people found the reason from their own. Zhang ailing’s female tragedy transmitted in the all kinds misfortune and loneliness with desolation.But aside from external cause, the flaws in the character of women themselves are also the important factors lead to the tragedy of women.The first kind, the female tragedy is due to the character of weakness. Even if in our daily life this kind of situation is very common. Due to their own weak character, they couldn’t resist the temptations of material or other external factors so that they lost themselves, and then resulting in their own fate tragedy. GeWeiLong in "the first furnace aloes crumbs -- sweet" is a typical representative. The second kind, the female tragedy is due to the character of fortitude or even the side of crazy persistence. Persistence, it seems that it usually has the advantages of personality traits. It won’t bring you the trouble anyway.However, some stubborn things of personality also will be derivatives in the specific situation and to be the underlying causes offemale tragic fate.For example, Wang Jiazhi in "lust, caution,".Fifth. ConclusionTo sum up all the words above, Zhang Ailing's female tragedy is caused by a variety of reasons, and many of the female tragedies is not simply caused by one factor but the result of multiple factors. Zhang ailing had her unique way of describing the fate of the female that she put in her original concept of tragedy, when she expressed women's tragic fate. What was showed in Zhang Ailing’s works is a kind of “bleakness”, and it’s her favorite. But as a female writer under the mixed era between the new and old age, she really conveyed her special feeling about life by her attention to female's fortune and many female image creation .She not only paid attention to the female destiny, but also felt unsatisfied with the living situation ,so she expressed her dissatisfaction by the female tragedy in her novels.。

张爱玲的英文简介

张爱玲的英文简介张爱玲，中国现代作家，作品主要有小说、散文、电影剧本以及文学论著，下面是给大家整理的张爱玲的英文简介，供大家参阅!张爱玲简介Zhang Ailing (1920.9.30-1995.9.8), Chinese modern writers, origin Tangshan City, Hebei Province, formerly known as Zhang. September 30, 1920 was born in the Shanghai public concessions west of a decline aristocratic mansion.Works are mainly novels, prose, film script and literary works, her letters have also been as part of the study to be studied.In 1944, Zhang Ailing met Hu Lancheng and his contacts. In 1973, Zhang Ailing settled in Los Angeles, September 8, 1995, coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival, Zhang Ailing's landlord found her death in Westwood, California, Rochester Avenue apartment, died of arteriosclerosis cardiovascular disease, year-round 75 years old, was found when she had passed away for a week. September 30, his friend held a memorial service for her, after the memorial service, the ashes were thrown into the PacificOcean.张爱玲人物生平Early experienceZhang Ailing Department of famous door, grandfather Zhang Peilun is the late Ming Chen, grandmother Li Juju is the court minister Li Hongzhang's eldest daughter. Father Zhang Zhiyi (word Ting public), female Huang Suqiong (word Yi Vatican).September 30, 1920 Zhang Ailing was born in Shanghai wheat root road (now Taixing Road), origin Hebei Fengrun, formerly known as Zhang. December 11, 1921, the only brother Zhang Zijing was born. In 1922, Zhang Ailing moved to Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province with his father. The father is the secretary of the railway station. In 1924, Zhang Ailing began to private school education, mother and aunt Zhang Maoyuan went to Europe to study, Zhang Ailing by aunt grandmother care. In 1928, his father resigned from Tianjin, moved back to Shanghai from Shanghai, the mother and aunt returned from the United Kingdom to Shanghai. Zhang Ailing began to study painting, English and piano, and began to read the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Journey to the West", "Seven Chivalrous Five" and other classic. In 1930 into the Huang primaryschool enrollment in sixth grade. Zhang Ying changed its name to Zhang Ailing (changed its English name: Eileen), the same year the parents divorced the agreement, the mother and aunt moved out of Baolong Garden house, rented in the French Concession, Zhang Ailing still with his father.In 1931, Zhang Ailing admitted to Shanghai Santa Maria Girls School, with the practice of piano in Belarus. In 1932, the mother went to France, Zhang Ailing first published a short story "Unfortunate She" in the Santa Maria school. In 1933, Zhang Ailing published the first prose "late twilight" in Santa Maria and began writing old poems with his father. In 1934 his father remarried, after the mother of Sun Baoqi daughter Sun Fan Fan, and moved back to the wheat root villa. Zhang Ailing wrote "ideal village", "modern Dream of Red Mansions", "mother of the heart" and other articles, but are not published. In 1936, the mother brought her boyfriend to return to Shanghai, Zhang Ailing in the "Feng algae" published prose "Autumn". In 1937, Zhang Ailing published the novel "Niu", "Farewell My Concubine" and Commentary on " In the "Feng algae" published "on the cartoon painting of the future".After the mother with a little bit of a quarrel, was his father to fight, and detained for six months. At the beginning of 1938, Zhang Ailing escaped to his mother's house by night (see Zhang Ailing's self-prose "whispers"). In the same year, Zhang Ailing attended the entrance examination of the University of London in the Far East.In 1939, Zhang Ailing and his mother, aunt moved to Jing'an Temple Road, Hurd junction Edinburgh apartment (now Changde apartment) 5 / F, 51 rooms. Due to the war with the University of London transcripts admitted to the University of Hong Kong liberal arts, know the life of a friend Yan Ying. In 1940, Zhang Ailing's prose "My Genius Dream" participated in the "Westerly" third anniversary essay, won the thirteenth honor award, and received two scholarships. At the end of 1941, the Pearl Harbor incident broke out, the fall of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong University and thus closed, the mother's boyfriend died in Singapore war.Into the literary worldIn the summer of 1942, Zhang Ailing and Yan Ying returned to Shanghai, with her aunt living in Eddington apartment 6th floor, room 65, began a writing career, in the"Times" on the film critics and critics. Published in the English "Twentieth Century" monthly "Chinese life and clothing", "Chinese people's religion", "foreigners drama and other" and other essays and other five or six critics. In 1943, Zhang Ailing met the then magazine "Violet" editor, writer Zhou Shoujuan. May, Zhang Ailing published in the publication of the novel, "Chen Xianghuang first furnace incense," the article so that Zhang Ailing in Shanghai literary world a hit, cut a striking figure. In June, Zhang Ailing published sequel "Shenxiangxie second furnace incense". In July, Zhang Ailing met critics Ke Ling. After Zhang Ailing in the "magazine", "Vientiane", "ancient and modern" and other publications published "jasmine fragrant film", "in the end is Shanghai", "Heart", "Allure Love" and a series of novels.In the same year, Wang Jingwei government propaganda department governor Hu Lancheng, offended Wang Jingwei and imprisonment, and Su Qing heard Hulan into prison, carrying Zhang Ailing to Zhou Fuxia at Hulan Cheng plea. Atthe end of the day in the Japanese intervention Hu Lancheng prison. On the eve of that day Hu Lancheng see Suqing sent magazine "heaven and earth" in Zhang Ailing's novel "blockade" greatly appreciated, Hu Lancheng wrote to Su Qing asked Zhang Ailing situation, Zhang Ailing also know where the situation from the Soviet Union Hu Lan. Hou Hulan Cheng personally visited Zhang Ailing, two long talk about 5 hours, at first sight. At this time Hu Lancheng 38 years old, Zhang Ailing 24 years old, and Hu Lancheng has been married.In January 1944, Zhang Ailing in the "Vientiane" published novel "chain sets", a total of six, July automatic waist cut. In February, in the "heaven and earth" published prose "Ember". After the release of "flower", "talk about women", "red roses and white roses" and a series of novels, prose. In May, Fu Lei to rain for the pen name to comment on the article "On Zhang Ailing's novel", Zhang Ailing's "Golden Lock" greatly praised, while the criticism of other novels, especially the "chain sets." August, Hulan Cheng and his second wife divorced, after the license in the Yan YingZhang Ailing married. In September, Zhang Ailing's novel "Legend" was published by "magazine", four days later. Zhang Ailing and therefore shine in the Shanghai literary world, "magazine" editorial several times held a "legend" of the forum, Zhang Ailing also attended some of the social activities between writers. In November, Zhang Ailing in Hulan Cheng founded the magazine "Pleioblastus" the first issue of prose "talk about music", and then continue to publish novel prose. At the same time Hulan Cheng to Wuhan, living in Jianghan Hospital, met a surnamed Zhou nurse, and soon began to live with the nurses living together. In December, the Dazhong Theater in the Karlton Theater (now the Yangtze River Theater) staged the stage play "Allure Love", Zhang Ailing in the "Pleioblastus" published "own article" in response to Fu Lei's criticism.In January 1945, the drama "Allure Love" continued to be staged, Zhang Ailing's essay "rumors" published by the Chinese science company, selling for a while. After Zhang Ailing continue in the magazine "magazine" published"mercy", "I see Su Qing" and other essays prose. In March, Hu Lancheng back to Shanghai, and Zhang Ailing stay together for more than a month, and take the initiative to tell Zhang Ailing he and Zhou nurses things. In May, Hu Lancheng back to the Hanyang, and Hu as the pen name in the "heaven and earth" published "Zhang Ailing and the left" article, Zhang Ailing big praise. August 15, Japan officially surrendered, Hu Lancheng also began to flee life.In 1946 February, Zhang Ailing from Shanghai to Wenzhou to find Hulan Cheng, but this time Hu Lancheng side has another woman, Fan Xiumei. Zhang Ailing also makes Hu Lancheng surprise, Zhang Ailing only stay in Wenzhou for twenty days will go back, after eight or nine months, two or even the letter. Zhang Ailing was also a tabloid Shanghai criticized as a cultural traitor. Zhang Ailing should be invited to prepare the film script "not love", "long live wife." In November, the "Legend" was published by the Mountain Book Company.In April 1947, Zhang Ailing in the "everyone" monthly issue, published the novel "gorgeous edge". May 1967, "Everyone" published thenovel "how much hate" (according to "no love" script to rewrite.) In June 1947, Zhang Ailing on their feelings and Hu Lancheng disheartened, and finally wrote a letter of faith and He wrote: "I do not like you, you are already do not like me .This time the determination, I was after a year and a half of the long time to consider, then only to small Kyrgyzstan, do not want Increase your difficulties.You do not come to me, that is, or write a letter, I also do not see the. "After Zhang Ailing and aunt moved to the town of Meilong Zhong Zhongcun Village, 2nd Floor, 11 living.In 1949, Hu Lancheng flee from Hong Kong, then moved to Japan to settle down. In 1950, Zhang Ailing to Liang Jing for the pseudonym in the "newspaper" on the serial novel "eighteen spring". In July, Zhang Ailing should be invited to participate in the first session of the Shanghai literary conference. November, "eighteen spring" by "also reported" published by the press. May 1951, Zhang Ailing Ren Liang Jing as the pseudonym in the "newspaper" on the serial novel "little Ai".In 1952, Zhang Ailing was admitted to the University ofHong Kong for resumption of school. July Zhang Ailing Hong Kong University proved to go abroad, arrived in Hong Kong by Guangzhou, living in the women's youth, not re-entry into Hong Kong. Zhang Ailing began to translate the "Old and Sea", "Emerson Collection", "American Seven Novels" (part) and other books for the Hong Kong "Information Service". During this period, Zhang Ailing has been in Hong Kong in-depth, and rarely with people.In 1953, Zhang Ailing met Song Qi, Kwong Wen-mei couple. Later, Zhang Ailing was ordered for the "World of today" magazine wrote in English to write two novels: "Yangge", "red love". In the same year, my father died in Shanghai.In 1954, "Yangge", "Red Love" published in English, after the Chinese version also came out. Zhang Ailing sent "Yangge" Chinese version to Hu Shi, the latter two began to communicate and forged a friendship.The American periodIn November 1955, Zhang Ailing took the "Cleveland Presidential" cruise to the UnitedStates. Rented in the New York Salvation Army to do the women's dormitory, Zhang Ailing and Yan Ying reunited and went to visit Hu Shi.In February 1956, Zhang Ailing received a writing bonus from Edward Marc Dowell Colony and moved to Colony's New England state in February. This writing foundation is mainly for the writer to provide a quiet and comfortable environment. Here, Zhang Ailing met her second husband Fedinand Reyher Mr. Laiya. Lai Ya-mei Zhang Ailing three years old (according to 1967 Loya died, at the age of 76 years, here should be twenty years old), is a very talented American dramatist. August 1956, Zhang Ailing and Raya met six months after the marriage. Zhang Ailing began writing novels "Pink Tears" in English.In 1957, CBS released the English version of the film "Yangge". On the Important Position of Zhang Ailing in the History of Chinese Novels for the First Time. In the same year, the mother died in England.In 1958, Zhang Ailing was awarded the Hartford Hartford Foundation in California for six months, specializing in writing in California, published the novel "May Fourth Incident", for the Hong Kong electric Mao film company"love field", "Peach Blossom", " Get "and other scripts. In 1960, Zhang Ailing became a US citizen.In 1961, visited T aiwan, want to visit Zhang Xueliang but failed to do so. After the acquaintance of the Taiwanese novelist Bai Xianyong, Wang Wenxing, Chen Ruoxi, Wang frame and others, and with Wang frame and went to the Lotus tourism, but the way to the United States called long distance calls, Laiya unfortunately the wind fainted. Zhang Ailing had to cancel the visit plan, back to the United States. Winter, in Hong Kong for the Mao Mao film company to write "Dream of Red Mansions", "north and south a pro" and other plays.In 1962, Zhang Ailing in the English "journalists" magazine published a memorial "back to the front." In 1966, the novel "Daughter", "Pink Tears" (Chinese version) in Hong Kong "Sing Tao Daily" serial. While rewriting the "eighteen spring" as "half life".In 1967, Zhang Ailing was the writer of the New York Red Cliff School of Women, and began the English translation of"Biography of the sea." "Half Health" in Hong Kong "Sing Tao Evening News" and Taipei "Crown" magazine serial. In the same year, Laiya died at the age of 76 years.In 1968, Zhang Ailing in Taipei, "Crown" published "Dream of Red Mansions is not complete." In 1969, Professor Chen Shixiang knowledge, served as the University of California at Berkeley "China Research Center", continue to "Dream of Red Mansions" study.In 1971, has always been very rare guest Zhang Ailing received an exclusive interview with crystal, crystal formerly known as Yang Yi, is a graduate of the Department of Foreign Languages, T aipei University students, both a "Zhang fans", is also a researcher Zhang Ailing, this meeting two People talked for seven hours. In the same year, Chen Shixiang died, Zhang Ailing also from the "China Research Center" to leave.In 1972, Zhang Ailing moved to Los Angeles, began a living life. In 1973, Zhang Ailing in the "crown" published "preliminary evaluation of the Red Mansions", Zhang Ailing some of the prose, the novel isalso re-published by Taiwan. Crystal Records Zhang Ailing's later life and the content of the conversation commentary "Zhang Ailing's novel art" published.In 1974, Zhang Ailing in the China Times "human" supplement published "read book" and "talk about the book afterwards", published in the crown "two detailed red dream" to complete the English translation of "sea flower biography" (not published, ).In 1976, Zhang Ailing published his second essay collection "Zhang see", at the same time published "three detailed Dream of Red Mansions." In 1977, Zhang Ailing "Dream of Red Mansions" Review Collection "Red Night Nightmare" published.In 1979, Zhang Ailing in the Chinese Times "human" supplement published novel "color, quit". In 1981, "sea flower annotation" published. In the same year on July 29, Hulan Cheng died in Tokyo, Japan, at the age of 75 years.In 1983, Tang Wenbiao published "Zhang Ailingvolume", Zhang Ailing published "Wang Ran". In 1986, aftermath died in Shanghai. 1987 "Yu Yun" published in 1988, "sequel" published. In 1991 the aunt died in Shanghai. 1993 Zhang Ailing completed the "control".September 8, 1995 night (Mid-Autumn Festival) attention of Chinese literary talent Zhang Ailing died in the Los Angeles Westwood apartment, at the age of seventy-four years old. In the life of the designated forest with the executor. On September 19, the remains were cremated at the Rose Grottoes in Huize City, Los Angeles. September 30, ashes by the forest with the same, Zhang wrong, Gao Quan, Zhang Shaoxuan, Xu Yuanxiang and others carrying the sea, sprinkled in the Pacific.张爱玲的英文简介。

张爱玲的故事英语作文高中

张爱玲的故事英语作文高中英文：Growing up, I was always fascinated by the works of Zhang Ailing, also known as Eileen Chang. Her stories were filled with complex characters and intricate plots that captivated me from the very first page. One of her most famous works, "Love in a Fallen City," left a lasting impression on me with its portrayal of love and longing in a rapidly changing society.Zhang Ailing's writing style is both elegant and poignant, and her ability to convey the emotions and struggles of her characters is truly remarkable. In "Love in a Fallen City," she paints a vivid picture of the challenges faced by women in traditional Chinese society, while also exploring the complexities of love and relationships. The way she weaves together the personal and the political in her stories is truly masterful.One of the aspects of Zhang Ailing's writing that Ifind particularly compelling is her use of symbolism and metaphor. In "Love in a Fallen City," for example, the crumbling city serves as a powerful metaphor for the disintegration of traditional values and the upheaval of social norms. This use of symbolism adds layers of depth to her storytelling and allows readers to engage with her work on a deeper level.In addition to her literary talents, Zhang Ailing's own life story is also quite fascinating. Her experiencesliving through the tumultuous periods of Chinese history,as well as her own personal struggles, undoubtedly influenced her writing in profound ways. It's inspiring to see how she was able to channel her own experiences into such timeless and impactful stories.中文：张爱玲的作品总是让我着迷，她的小说中充满了复杂的人物和错综复杂的情节，从第一页开始就吸引了我。

Eileen Zhang-张爱玲与翻译

1995年9月8日，张爱玲的房东发现她逝世于加州洛杉矶西木区罗彻斯特大道的公寓，终年 75岁，直接死因为动脉硬化心血管病。同年9月19日，林式同遵照其遗愿，将她的遗体在洛杉机惠提尔玫瑰岗墓园火化，没有举行公开葬礼。同年张之忌辰日（9月30日），林式同与几位文友将其骨灰撒在太平洋。遗物则由友人宋淇、邝文美夫妇处理，其中大部分交由皇冠出版社收藏。
2香港, 在美国驻香港新闻处 ( United States Information Agency ) 从事翻译, 到 1967 年她在美国麻省剑桥的赖德克里夫大学 ( Radcliffe University) 的研究所从事“独立研究”(Fellowship Grant for Independent Study) , 便是她翻译生涯的实践期。这个时期内，她的翻译作品大体可分为三部分：汉译外国文学名家名作, 自己汉英创作互译, 和改编。
张爱玲翻译小探
1.生平：早年/上海女作家/美国时期
2.翻译成就：涵泳砥砺期/翻译实践期/ 精益求精期
3.译论 4.影响
1. 生平
张爱玲（1920年9月30日－1995年9月8日）
出生在上海公共租界西区的一幢建于清末的仿西式豪宅 •家世显赫，祖父张佩纶是清末名臣，祖母李菊耦是晚清洋务派领袖、朝廷重臣李鸿章的长女。 •父亲张志沂（1896-1953年）是典型的遗少，母亲黄素琼（1893- 1957年）则是长江水师提督黄翼升的孙女，较为欧化。张爱玲只有一个弟弟张子静（1921年12月11日1997年10月12日），圣约翰大学毕业后先任职于银行，后来担任上海郊区中学英文教师。
1939年，她获得伦敦大学的奖学金，准备前往留学，却因第二次世界大战爆发而改入香港大学文学院。在香港大学求学期间，张爱玲结识终生朋友，斯里兰卡女子炎樱（Fatima Mohideen）。

张爱玲英文介绍ppt

• Chang had left occupied(占领的） Hong Kong for her native Shanghai. She fed herself with what she was best at -writing. It was during this period when some of her most famous works, including Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (倾城之恋) and Jin Suo Ji (金锁记), were penned(写）.
Eilee Chang
A legend
Contents
Early life First marriage
Second Marriage Death Works
She borned in Shanghai on September 30th, 1920, to a renowned （有声望的） family, Chang was named Zhang Ying at birth. Her family moved to Tianjin in 1922, where she started school at the age of four. When Chang was five, her father came addicted to opium(鸦片成瘾）. A divorce (离婚）could not be averted. Chang's unhappy childhood in the broken family probably gave her later works their pessimistic overtone.
works
起初不经意的你和少年不经世的我红尘中的情缘只因那生命匆匆不语的胶着想是人世间的错或前世流传的因果终生的所有也不惜换取刹那阴阳的交流来易来去难去数十载的人世游分易分聚难聚爱与恨的千古愁本应属于你的心它依然护紧我胸口为只为那尘世转变的面孔后的翻云覆雨手于是不愿走的你要告别已不见的我至今世间仍有隐约的耳语跟随我俩的传说滚滚红尘里有隐约的耳语跟随我俩的传说

荆棘鸟.半生缘英文ppt

张爱玲经典小说
半生流离缘定终生 ——《半生缘》
故事发生在三十年代温婉、凄迷的旧上海。在相处中，曼桢与温和敦厚的世钧相爱了。经过多重坎坷，二人分开。从南京回来的世钧从顾母处听说曼桢嫁给了豫谨，郁闷中接受了与石翠芝的婚姻，而备受凌辱的曼桢在生下一个男孩后终于逃离祝公馆，去了一个小地方教书。曼桢的姐姐曼璐积郁成病，不久于人世，曼桢为照顾亲生骨肉又回到祝鸿才身边，和平生最痛恨的男人同住一个屋檐下。十八年一晃而过，世钧与曼桢又在上海重逢，然而世事沧桑，二人恍若隔世，都知道已经无法回到过去，人生就是如此。
The Thorn Birds
It was a book about an Australian family, which was from 1915 to 1969,among three generations, including two world wars. The main clue of it was a love story happened between Meggie and Ralph .
Meggie,the only daughter between the five children, a strong minded girl daring to love the perpon she shouldn’t love.Both her life and love were unfortunate, but she went through all . I like her very much not only because her beauty but also the grace and the courage to love.
Ralph who was a handsome and ambitious priest.They loved each other very much but couldn't get married. Then Meggie became Luke's wife who looked like Ralph.When Dane, Meggie and Ralph's son ,was eighteen, he dead of saving several women who were drowning.

紫色简约张爱玲知名作家生平介绍PPT模板

张爱玲（1920年9月30日—1995年9月1日左右），原名张煐，笔名梁京，祖籍河北丰润，生于上海，中国现代女作家。
7岁开始写小说，12岁开始在校刊和杂志上发表作品。 1943至1944年，创作和发表了《沉香屑·第一炉香》《沉香屑·第二炉香》《茉莉香片》《倾城之恋》《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》等小说。 1955年，张爱玲赴美国定居，创作英文小说多部，但仅出版一部。 1969年以后主要从事古典小说的研究，著有红学论集《红楼梦魇》。 1995年9月在美国洛杉矶去世，终年75岁。有《张爱玲全集》行世。
上海《天地》月刊第2期
19441945年
《连环套》1944.01-06
《万象》7-10期（收入《张看》）
《年青的时候》1944.02
《杂志》第12卷5期（收入《传奇》）
《花凋》1944.03
《杂志》第12卷6期（收入《传奇》）
《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》1944.05-07
《杂志》第13卷2-4期（收入《传奇》）
02. 人物生平 CHARACTER LIFE
旅居美国
1955年秋，张爱玲以中国专才难民资格去美国，落地即时拿到绿卡”。 1956年2月，搬到纽英伦州，遇见了美国剧作家赖雅； 8月与赖雅相识半年后结婚，两人共同生活到1967年赖雅逝世。 1958年，获加州韩廷敦哈特福基金会资助半年，在加州专门从事写作，发表小说《五四遗事》，为香港电懋电影公司编写《情场如战场》《桃花运》《人财两得》等剧本。 1960年，张爱玲正式入籍成为美国公民。 1961年，应香港电懋影业公司的邀请，张爱玲去台湾收集资料后赴香港创作电影剧本《红楼梦》《南北和》及其续集《南北家亲》《小儿女》《曲难忘》，回美国后还创作了《南北喜相逢》。 1962年，在英文《记者)杂志发表访台记事《重回前方》。 1966年，把中篇旧作《金锁记》改写为长篇小说《怨女》在香港《星岛晚报》连载。 1967年，任纽约雷德克里美女子学院驻校作家，并开始英译《海上花列传》。 1969年，将旧作《十八春》略做改动后，易名为《半生缘》在台湾出版。同年，得陈世骧教授之识，任职加州大学伯克利分校中国研究中心，继续《红楼梦未完》之研究，两年后离职

有关张爱玲的英语作文

有关张爱玲的英语作文英文回答：Zhang Ailing: A Literary Enigma。

Zhang Ailing, arguably one of the most brilliant and enigmatic Chinese writers of the 20th century, crafted a literary legacy characterized by its profound psychological insights, haunting prose, and provocative exploration of human nature. Her works, often tinged with a sense of melancholy and alienation, have resonated with readers both within China and beyond, earning her a reputation as a literary icon.Unique Storytelling and Characterization。

Zhang's writing style is marked by its lyrical quality, evocative imagery, and incisive characterization. She possessed an uncanny ability to delve into the depths of human psychology, exposing the complexities andcontradictions that lie within. Her characters are often flawed and tormented, struggling with a sense ofdislocation and the weight of societal expectations.In her novel "Lust, Caution," Zhang paints a gripping tale of love, betrayal, and espionage set against the backdrop of wartime Shanghai. The protagonist, Wang Jiazhi, is a university student who becomes entangled in a dangerous affair with a Japanese collaborator. As Jiazhi's involvement deepens, she grapples with questions of identity, loyalty, and the boundaries between love and manipulation.Exploration of Identity and Alienation。

张爱玲PPT

Fra bibliotek金锁记
• 她似乎从未渴望过平常人所谓“圆满的人生”，在她的小说里，散文里，处处是对“真心”的叹讶，带着悲天悯人的语调，评价那是一件多么稀罕难得的事情：《金锁记》里，七巧在老时不无自傲地想，“如果她挑中了他们之中的一个，往后日子久了，生了孩子，男人多少对她有点真心。”那一点真，是带着俯就之意，自欺欺人来凑数的。
•
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干净的死
• 1995年9月8日，张爱玲的尸体被发现。 • 她死得相当安静，仿佛只是睡着了。衣衫整齐，神态安详，躺在门前的一方蓝灰色地毯上，身边放着装有遗物的黑皮包----她把一切都安排好了。而且，她穿的，仍是旗袍，赭红色旗袍。 • 她没有惊动任何人，是公寓管理员注意到这位老太太久不露面，引起怀疑，打电话又没人接，才通知了警方的。法医认为，死亡时间大约在一星期前。没有自杀迹象。 • -----当然不是自杀。饿死，应该是一种自然死亡。 • 最清洁的死法，也是最决绝，最有尊严的死法。她把自己清理了，却在世界各地留下衣冠冢，处处开花，衣钵留香。 • “她生命里顶完美的一瞬，与其让别人给它加上一个不堪的尾巴，不如她自己早早结束了它，一个美丽而苍凉的手势-------
美国之止
• 她来到了纽约，在这里她遇见了赖雅，大她29岁的异国爱人，一个年经是风流倜傥的才子女人的爱情里总是要有些崇拜的成分。爱玲欣赏于一个男人的，始终是一个“才”字。除此之外，似乎其余的一切条件都可置之度外。她在赖雅身上寄予的感情，不是单纯的男女之欢，而是把他当成了朋友，丈夫，父亲和师长的混合体。她尊重他，欣赏他，更依赖他。然而看着他的虚弱与无助，她才知道，他比她更需要依赖。她以为自己是找到了依靠，却不料把自己变成了拐杖。疲于奔命，为了她和赖雅的生活。她在身兼数职的情况下照顾赖雅，知道1967年赖雅病逝。此后二十年，她都过着归隐的生活。她说过，每个男人一生中都至少有过两个女人，一个是他的红玫瑰，一个是他的白玫瑰。而其实，每个女人一生中，也至少有过两个男人，一个是她的毒，一个是解毒的药。而她都没了，只好自己盖好药瓶，与世隔绝。

张爱玲英文作品部分(MY GREAT EXPECTATIONS...)

MY GREAT EXPECTA TIONSBy Eileen ChangTime is like a sharp knife. When it is misused, it can carve hard lines on beautiful faces and wear out blooming youth month by month, year by year but, well used, it can mold a piece of simple stone into a magnificent statue. St. Mary's, in spite of its long history of fifty years, is still a simple piece of white stone briefly carved. As time marches on, it may be marred by dust, worn out by weather, or broken into separate fragments, and it may be carefully, slowly carved by the knife, inch by inch, into a wonderful statue which will be placed among the glorious works of Michelangelo. This knife is held not only by the principal, the teachers, and the students of tomorrow; but all of our schoolmates have the power of controlling it.If I have a chance to live to be a snowy-haired old lady, I shall, in my peaceful dreams beside the fireside, seek for the old paths leading through the green plum trees which I have been familiar with in my early days. Of course, at that time, the youthful plum trees must also have grown into their pleasant old age, stretching their powerful arms to shade the crossing paths. The weather-worn old bell tower, standing in the golden sunlight, shall give out that slow, solemn blooming that is so familiar to my ears, as the girls, short and tall, pale and rosy, plump and slim, all blooming with the freshness of youth, shall pour into the church like a stream. There they will kneel and pray, whispering to their spiritual Lord about the little things in their lives; their grief, their tears, their quarrels, their love, and their great ambitions. They shall ask him to help them in reaching their future goals, to be a writer, a musician, an educationalist, or an ideal wife. And I can hear the old church tower ringing with the echoes of their prayers, whispering in return, "Yes, St. Mary's Hall may not have the largest dormitories and the best-looking school gardens among all the schools in China, but she certainly possesses the finest and the most hard-working girls, who shall glorify her with their brilliant futures!"What I feel when I hear these words depends upon whether I have done anything or not in the years in between. If I have failed in playing my part on this stage, I shall feel ashamed and regretful that I have thrown away the privilege of glorifying my mother school. But if I have gained success in struggling along toward my goal, I will smile with pride and content, for I have taken a part, though a very small part, in carving out, with the knife of time, this wonderful model of school life. (466 words)五四遗事Stale MateBy Eileen ChangTwo men and two girls in a boat sat facing each other on wicker seats under the flat blue awning. Cups of tea stood on the low table between them. They were eating ling, water chestnuts about the size and shape of a Cupid's bow mouth. The shells were dark purplish red and the kernels white. "Missu Zhou is very stylish today," one of the men said. It was also stylish to address girls as "Miss".Miss Zhou glared at him through her new spectacles and threw a ling shell at him. Her glasses had round black rims and perfectly flat lenses, as she was not near-sighted. The year was 1924, when eyeglasses were fashionable. Society girls wore them. Even street-walkers affected glasses in order to look like girl students.Each of the men sat with his own girl because the little boat balanced better this way than if the two girls sat side by side. The pale green water looked thick and just a little scummy, and yet had a suggestion of lingering fragrance like a basin of water in which a famous courtesan had washed her painted face.The girls were around twenty - young for high school in those days when progressive women of all ages flocked to the primary schools. Miss Zhou was much admired for her vivacity and boldness as being typical of the New Woman, while Miss Fan's was the beauty of a still life. She sat smiling a little, her face a slim pointed oval, her long hair done in two round glossy black side knobs. She wore little make-up and no ornaments except a gold fountain pen tucked in her light mauve tunic. Her trumpet sleeves ended flaring just under the elbow.The young men were Luo and Wen. Luo was tall and thin. His pale turquoise long gown hung well on him in a more literal sense than when the phrase was applied to Westerners' clothes. He taught in the same school as Wen. They both owned land in their home village and taught school in Hangzhou merely as an excuse to live by the West Lake, where every scenic spot was associated with the memory of some poet or reigning beauty.The four had been meeting almost daily for more than a year. They would go out on the lake, have dinner at one of the restaurants along the shore, and go boating again if there was a moon. Somebody would read Shelley aloud and the girls held hands with each other when they felt moved. Always there were four of them, sometimes six but never two. The men were already married - a universal predicament. Practically everybody was married and had children before ever hearing of love. Wen and Luo had to be content with discussing the girls interminably between themselves, showing each other the girls' carefully worded letters, admiring their calligraphy, analysing their personalities from the handwriting. Love was such a new experience in China that a little of it went a long way.They sailed into a patch of yellowing lotus leaves, the large green plates crunching noisily against the boat. Then there was silence. The boatman and his little daughter were resting on their oars, letting the boat drift. Now and then the water made a small swallowing sound as if it had a piece of candy in its mouth."Going home this weekend?" Miss Fan asked."I suppose I can't get out of it this time," Luo answered smiling. "My mother has been complaining."She smiled. The mention of his mother did not alter the fact that he was going back to his wife. Lately Luo had been feeling increasingly guilty about going home, while Miss Fan had allowed her resentment to become more manifest before and after each visit."I have made a decision," he said in a low voice, looking at her. Then, when she did not ask him what it was, he said, "Missu Fan, will you wait for me? It might take years."She had turned away, her head bent. Her hands played with the lower left corner of her slitted blouse, furling and unfurling it.Actually she did not agree to his getting a divorce until days later. But that evening, when the four of them dined at a restaurant famous for its lake fish, Luo already felt pledged and dedicated. Allthe wine he drank tasted like the last cup before setting out on a long hard journey on a cold night. The restaurant was called the Tower Beyond Towers. It leaned over the lake on three sides. Despite the view and its poetic name it was a nonchalantly ugly place with greasy old furniture. The waiter shouted orders to the kitchen in a singsong chant. When the glass dome was lifted from the plate of live shrimp, some of the shrimp jumped across the table, in and out of the sauce dish, and landed on Miss Fan, trailing soya sauce down the front of her blouse. Miss Zhou squealed. In the dingy yellow electric light Miss Fan looked flushed and happy and did not seem to mind at all. Luo did not go home until the Saturday after that. The journey took two hours by train and wheelbarrow. His wife looked sheepish as her mother-in-law loudly and ostentatiously excused her from various duties because her husband was home. She was wearing a short blue overall with the red satin binding of a silk tunic showing underneath it. She had not been sure that he would be coming.He spoke to her that night about divorce. She cried all night. It was terrible, almost as if a judge were to sleep in the same bed with a condemned man. Say what he might, he knew he was consigning her to dishonourable widowhood for the rest of her life."Which of the Seven Out Rules have I violated?" she kept asking through angry sobs. Ancient scholars had named the seven conditions under which a wife might justifiably be evicted from her husband's house.His mother flew into a rage on being told. She would not hear of it. Luo went back to Hangzhou and stopped coming home altogether. His mother got his uncle to go up to Hangzhou and talk him out of his foolishness. He in turn managed to persuade a cousin to go and talk to his family. It took infernally long to negotiate through relatives who were, furthermore, unreliable transmitters of harsh words, being peacemakers at heart, especially where matrimony was concerned. To break up a marriage is a cardinal sin that automatically takes ten years off a man's given life span.Luo got a lawyer to write his wife an alarmingly worded request for divorce. His wife's family, the Zhangs, boiled over with rage. Did he think his wife was an orphan? Not all the Zhangs were dead. True, they could not revenge themselves on the faithless man unless his wife were to hang herself on his lintel. That would place his life and property entirely at their mercy. But it was not for them to recommend such a step to her.The head of the Luo clan was moved to speak. The old man threatened to invite the Family Law out of its niche and beat the young rascal in the ancestral temple. "Family Law" was a euphemism for the plank used for flogging.Miss Fan and Luo continued to see each other in the company of Wen and Miss Zhou. Their friends were delighted and exhilarated by the courage of this undertaking - though it did put Wen in a difficult position, even if Miss Zhou was never openly reproachful. It now appeared as though the wistfulness that was part of the beauty of their relationship was not one of those things that couldn't be helped.Luo was only home once in two years. They were difficult years for both the mother and daughter-in-law. They began to get on each other's nerves. There was an unwritten law that a wife could never be divorced once she had worn mourning white and the ramie scarf of mourning for a parent-in-law. So the old lady got the idea that her daughter-in-law wished for her death. It would certainly settle the divorce problem. But the old lady swore she would see the younger woman out of the house vertically before she made her own exit horizontally.Outwardly the divorce negotiations had not gained much ground in six years. Miss Fan's family never did approve. Now they kept reminding her that at twenty-six she was becoming an old maid. Soon she would not even qualify for tianfang - room filler, a wife to fill up a widower's empty room. It seemed to her family that Luo was only waiting to have her on his own terms. It was doubtful whether he was seriously trying to get a divorce. Possibly alimony was the stumbling-block. There were those who said he was actually quite poor. What little he had must have dwindled away through his long absence from home, with his estate left in the hands of an estranged wife. There had been some unpleasantness over the divorce question at the school where he was teaching. If he didn't depend on his job for a living, why didn't he resign?Miss Zhou told Wen confidentially that Miss Fan had been out to dinner with a pawnbroker, chaperoned by members of her family and a lady matchmaker. Wen was not to tell Luo.In his indignation Wen told Luo anyway, though of course he added, "It's all her family's doing." "They didn't tie her up with a rope and drag her to the restaurant, did they?" Luo said sardonically. He promised not to take up the matter with her immediately as that would betray the source of his information.But that evening Luo drank too much rice wine when they dined at the Tower Beyond Towers which had the lake on three sides. "Congratulations, Missu Fan!" he said. "I hear you are going to invite us to your wedding feast." He drained his cup and strode off angrily.Miss Fan refused to join them that next day. Luo's letters were returned unopened. A week later Miss Zhou reported that Miss Fan had again been dining with the pawnbroker. Everything was settled; the man had given her a big diamond engagement ring.Luo's divorce action had reached the point where it began to move through its own momentum. There were signs that his wife's side was now more ready to listen to reason. He would be a laughing-stock for the rest of his life if he were to return to his wife at this stage. So he went ahead with the divorce, giving his wife a generous settlement as he had promised. As soon as the decree was final he got a professional matchmaker to approach the Wangs of the dyeworks on his behalf. The eldest Wang girl was reported to be the prettiest girl in town.After an exchange of photographs and due investigation, the Wangs accepted him. Luo sold a great part of his land and bought Miss Wang a diamond ring even bigger than the one Miss Fan was said to have got. He was married after three months.For some reason, Miss Fan's match did not come off. Maybe the pawnbroker had his doubts about modern girls and had heard something of Miss Fan's long attachment to Luo. According to the Fans it was because they had found out that the pawnbroker had falsified his age. Some malicious tongues had it that it was the other way around.In the natural course of things Luo would have run into Miss Fan sooner or later, living in the same town. But their friends were not content to leave it to chance. Somehow they felt it was important for them to meet again. It could not be that they wanted Luo to savour fully his revenge; they had disapproved of the way he had hit back at her at the expense of his own ideals. Maybe they wanted him to realize the mistake he had made and feel sorry. But perhaps the most likely explanation would be that they just thought it would be sad and beautiful - and therefore a good thing - for the two to meet once again on the lake under the moon.It was arranged without the knowledge of either of them. One night Luo was out on a boat with Wen - Miss Zhou was now married and not seeing them any more. Some people shouted at them from another boat. It was a couple they used to know. Miss Fan was with them.When the two boats drew near, Wen stepped over to the other boat, urging Luo to come with him. Luo found himself sitting across the small table from Miss Fan. The tea in the cups shone faintly, in each cup a floating silver disc swaying slightly with the movement of the boat. Her face and white-clad shoulders were blue-rimmed with moonlight. It stunned him how she could look just the same when so much had happened.They went through the amenities as if there were nothing amiss, but without directly addressing a single remark to each other. No reference was made to Luo's new marriage. The talk was mostly about the government-sponsored West Lake Exhibition and its ugly memorial that dominated the vista along the bank."It's an eyesore. Spoils everything," Luo said. "It will never be the same again."Her eyes met his, wavered a little, and looked away.After going round the lake they landed and separated. The day after, Luo received a letter addressed to him in Miss Fan's handwriting. He tore it open, his heart pounding, and found a sheet of blank paper inside. He knew instantly what she meant. She had wanted to write him but what could she say?Soon it was no secret among their friends that they were again seeing a lot of each other. Luo again started divorce proceedings. This time he had very few sympathizers. He now looked like a scoundrel where he had once been a pioneer. It was another long struggle. On her part Miss Fan was also engaged in a struggle. Hers was against the forces of the years, against men's very nature which tires so easily. And in her struggle she had nobody to stand by her side as she stood by Luo. She remained quietly pretty. Her coiffure and clothes were masterpieces of subtle compromise between fashion and memory. He never wanted her to look any different from the way she did when he had first known her. Yet he would have been distressed if it had suddenly occurred to him that she looked dated. She fell in with all his moods without being monotonously pliant. She read all the books he gave her and was devoted to Shelley.He finally had to fight it out in the courts with his wife's family. The Wangs were adamant against divorce. Lawsuits were expensive, especially when judges proved to be tractable. Luo got his divorce at the end of five years. Though in reduced circumstances, he had built a small white house exactly the way Miss Fan and he had planned it, on a site they had chosen long ago. He had closed down his old house in the country after his mother's death. Their new home was on stilts, leaning out of the green hills right over the lake. Climbing roses and wisteria trailed over the moon window.The newlyweds paid routine visits to relatives. They were usually pressed to stay for dinner and play mahjong. Luo had never known her to be fond of the game. He told his wife it was good of her to comply but there was no need to keep it up all night and promise to come back for more the next day. She answered that people teased her into it, saying she could not bear to be away from her bridegroom a single minute.She complained of living so far out. When she came back late from her mahjong parties she often had difficulty finding a rickshaw puller willing to take her home. When she was not out playing mahjong she lounged about in soiled old gowns with torn slits and frayed frogs. Half the time she lay in bed cracking watermelon seeds, spitting the shells over the bedclothes and into her slippers on the floor. His hints at taking more interest in her appearance were at first ignored. Then she flared up and said his fussiness was unmanly. "No wonder you never get anywhere."Luo did his best to keep up a good front. Still he supposed that news of their quarrels got about,because one day a relative mentioned casually to him that Miss Wang had not yet remarried. "Why don't you ask her to come back?"Luo shook his head sadly. He needed some persuasion, but of course he knew that the Wangs would agree that this was the best way out, much as they hated him. The family's good name would suffer if their daughter took a second husband.His wife, the former Miss Fan, did not hear of the matter until all arrangements had been made. Despite scenes and threats of suicide, the day Miss Wang returned to him escorted by members of the Wang family she was there to receive them and play hostess at the small informal celebration. She addressed Miss Wang's brother and sister-in-law as "Brother" and "Sister-in-law". She apologized for the dinner. "It's difficult for us to get a good cook, living so far away from the market. Terribly inconvenient. Else I would have made him fetch back your young lady long ago. Of course she ought to come and live here. One can't be staying with parents all the time." Miss Wang did not speak, since she was almost a bride.No agreement had been reached as to the mode of address between the two women, who were understood to be of equal status. They were merely referred to as "That of the House of Fan" and "That of the House of Wang" behind each other's back.Not long afterward an elder of Luo's clan spoke to him. "I see no reason why you shouldn't ask your first wife to come back. It would only be fair." Luo could not think of any valid objection either. He went down to the country where she was living with her family, and brought her back to the rose-covered little house by the lake.Both of his ex-wives were much richer than he was after the divorce settlements. But they never helped him out, no matter what straits he got into from providing for three women and their squabbling servants and later their children. He could not really blame them, taking everything into consideration. He would not have minded it so much if "That of the House of Fan" did not taunt him continually about the others' lack of feeling for him.And now that he had lived down the scandal and ridicule, people envied him his yan fu, glamorous blessings - extraordinary in an age that was at least nominally monogamous, for it was already 1936 - living with three wives in a rose-covered little house by the lake. On the rare occasions when he tried to tell somebody he was unhappy, the listener would guffaw. "Anyhow," the friend would say, "there are four of you - just right for a nice game of mahjong."Epilogue: Days and Nights of ChinaIN THE DAYS BETWEEN AUTUMN and winter last year, I went every day to buy vegetables. Twice, I was able to write a poem on the way to market, which left me both surprised and delighted. The first came when I saw the leaves falling from a French plane tree. One of the leaves fell very very slowly, holding its strangely graceful pose all the way down to the ground. I stood still to watch, but before it had touched down, I moved on so that I wouldn't seem to be staring blankly in the same place for so long. As I walked away, I turned back for one final glance. Afterward, I wrote this:The big yellow leaf tumbles downslowly, passing by the breezeby the pale green skyby the knifelike rays of the sunand the dusty dreams of yellow-gray apartment buildings. As it falls toward the middle of the road you can see that it means to kissits own shadow.Its shadow on the groundreaches out in welcome, reaches outand seems also to drift to the side. The leaf moves as slowly as can be, feigning a middle-aged nonchalance, but as soon as it hits the grounda hand baked gold by the season carefully palms its little black shadow as if catching a cricket: "Oh, here you are!"In the autumn sunon the cement groundthey sleep quietly togetherthe leaf and its love.Another time, I went to the vegetable market when it was already winter-time. The sun was dazzlingly bright, but there was a damp, clean smell in the air like freshly washed laundry hanging in a neat array from a bamboo pole. The colors and patterns of the padded cotton gowns of two children wobbling somewhere around my feet had a certain similarity: one was the color of salted vegetables, the other of soy pickles, and both were covered with a deep, dark oily stain formed of innumerable smaller stains across the front, resembling the proverbial embroidered sack in which Guan Gong, the god of war, keeps his beard below his chin. There was another child, cradled in someone's arms, clad in a peach-red fake serge padded gown. That precious splash of color was cradled between the accumulated dirt and grime of a whole winter and seemed all the more poignant because of the filth, like a lotus blossom rising above the muck. As for the blue of blue cotton cloth: that is our national color. Most of the blue cotton shirts you see people wearing on the streets have been mended so many times that they are a patchwork of light and shade, as if they had all been rinsed by t6e rain, leaving an eye-opening bluish green. Our China has always been a nation of patches. Even our sky was patched together by the goddess Nüwa.A tangerine seller puts down his carrying baskets to take a rest on the side of the road, his arms crossed in front of him as he leisurely watches the passing sights, the whites of his eyes clearly outlined by the contours of his flat, round face. But, in the split second after I pass by, he lifts his head abruptly, his lips split into a gigantic circle, and his chant seems to reach for the skies: "Two for a hundred silver dollars! Two for a hundred silver dollars! Come on, fellows! I'm practically giving them away!" I often hear his song from upstairs, and yet I'm still startled out of my wits, for how could it be coming from this man? The sound is so huge, and yet just seconds earlierhe was standing and gazing quietly at the world around him. Now, he's holding his head up at an angle, his face beaming roundly like a full moon as he shouts merrily to the street, just like the Chinese in Sapajou's cartoons.1 The Chinese in foreigners' cartoons are always carefree, crafty, and lovably capable of laughing off the bitterness of their lives, so much so that it almost seems a pleasure to be swindled out of a couple extra dollars by them. And when you think about it, the delightful atmosphere of such cartoons is quite heartbreaking.There is a Taoist monk who walks the streets begging for alms, clad in a great adept's cloak made of faded black cloth. His hair is worn in a little gray coil on the crown of his head, not unlike the massed curls of a stylish modern woman. With his squinty eyes and hair pulled back across his temples, his sallow face has something of the look of an embittered woman who's fallen on hard times. It is difficult to tell how old he might he, but because of malnutrition, his body is tall and gaunt, seemingly stuck forever in the lanky frame of a seventeen- or eighteen-year-old. He holds a length of bam-boo at an angle, beating out a slow rhythm with a mallet: "Tock . . . tock . . . tock." This, too, is a kind of clock, but one that measures a different sort of time: the time of sunlight slanting inch by inch across a lonely and ancient temple in the mountains. Time is like space: there are areas that are worth money as well as vast stretches of wasteland. Don't tell me that "time is worth more than gold." There are those who would sell their entire lives for a bowl of rice and find no takers. (They would even sell their next life, if they could, in the form of their children's and grandchildren's prospects for the future.) This Taoist monk has brought their worthless spare time into the high-speed bustle of the metropolis. Around him is a riotous profusion of advertisements, store fronts, the honking of automobile horns. He is the fabled dreamer of the dream of yellow millet, but he has awoken from his nap without actually having had the dream-and feels an altogether different kind of emptiness.2 The Taoist walks over to the door of a hardware store and prostrates himself, but naturally they have nothing to give him, so he merely makes a kowtow to no one in particular. Having clambered back1 Sapajou (the pen name of Georgii Avksent'ievich Sapojnikoff) was a White Russian refugee who served as a cartoonist for the North China Daily News in Shanghai from the late 1920s until the 1940s.2A Taoist parable in which a man lives an entire lifetime—brimming with intrigue, romance, worldly success, and failure-only to find upon awaking that it was all merely a dream, whose decades corresponded in the mortal world to the time it takes to cook a pot of yellow millet porridge.up to his feet, the "tock . . tack. . . tack' resumes, and he crosses over to the cigarette stand next door and once again "makes obeisance to the earthly dust," kowtowing crookedly, his movements like the slow ooze of black water or the lazy bloom of a black chrysanthemum flower. To watch him is to feel that the dust of this world is piling ever higher, to know that not only will hopes turn to ash but anything and everything one touches will ultimately crumble to nothingness. I am rather carried away by this sentiment until I realize that if I continue to follow in his wake, he might ask me for alms as well. And with that, I hurry away.The shopping basket of a servant woman coming back from market is full of coils of silver vermicelli noodles, like the unkempt hair of an old woman. There is another woman contentedly holding a crimson-lacquered tray piled with "longevity noodles" that are ingeniously folded into different layers, each suspended above the other. The bundle of noodles at the top is tied at the end with a peach-red strip of paper, like the red ribbon at the end of a little girl's ponytail. The pale rice-colored tresses dangle below, each strand as thick as a little snake.Then there is the young girl who walks past holding a lidded wok. The handles on either side of the wok are threaded with blue cloth so that it is easier to carry. The indigo-colored strips of cloth look dirty but somehow make you feel that she shares an intimate bond with the wok, that "the heart connects to the hands, and the hands connect to the heart."The hands of the apprentice in the butcher shop are swollen with cold. If your glance darts toward。