学术英语写作(高级)课堂讲解雅思范文

20.

This is a clear correlation between the level of female literacy and the level of population growth in the world. The graph shows figures from selected countries between 1998 and 2000. The highest percentage of female literacy was found in Thailand and Colombia, which also had amongst the lowest population growth rates, namely 1.4% and 1.8% respectively. The other countries named with high literacy rates are Sri Lanka, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic, each with over 80% female literacy, and in each case the population growth rate is under 2%. By contrast, those countries with very low levels of female literacy show extremely high figures for population growth. Afghanistan, with only 9% of women being literate, has an enormous growth rate, namely 4.5% and the Yemen Arab Republic, with an even lower number of literate women(8%), is second on the list, with 3.3% population growth. The other countries listed show a similar pattern.

It seems very likely that this correlation is not accidental, and that higher female literacy leads to greater use of family planning methods.

21

There is a strong correlation between the countries that were the top 10 spenders and those who were the top 10 earners in tourism in 1998. All the top spenders except Japan and the Netherlands were also among the top 10 earners, although UK, Germany and Canada earned less than they spent.

Interestingly, the correlation between the top earners and the most popular destinations is not so direct. While the US earned more than twice as much as France($74 billion as against $29.7 billion), France actually had 70 million arrivals as opposed to 47.1 million for the US. However, in the case of Italy and Spain the earnings and number of arrivals were more closely correlated. Nevertheless, the cost of tourism in some countries is clearly much higher than in others, so that while Mexico and Poland received around 19 million visitors each (placing them above Canada and Austria), they do not appear among the top earners, while Australia, which earned $8.6 billion, does not appear among the top ten destinations for arrivals.

Task 27

To process in the travel industry there are two career paths that can be followed. Beginning as either a travel sales assistant or a travel clerk, an employee can first become a travel consultant for domestic operations and then be promoted to international operations. From there it is possible to move in three directions. Travel consultants can become senior travel consultants, but from that

position there is no further direct promotion. They can also choose to move either in the direction of the commercial private sector, or tourism and the public or specialized domestic sector. In the private sector the next step is to travel sales supervisor and from there to small agency manger or branch manager. In the tourism sector one can either be promoted to travel administration manager or marketing manager. While both small agency managers and marketing managers can move up to CEO level directly, for branch managers and travel administration managers there is still another stage, that of senor manager, to go through before reaching to top.