二战时期德国主要领导及事件

German Leaders in World WarⅡ

Hermann Goering （赫尔曼·戈林）- Number 2 Leader

Hermann Goering was a German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A veteran of World War I as an ace（王牌）fighter pilot, he was a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite, also known as "the Blue Max"（蓝马克勋章）. He was the last commander of Jagdgeschwader（战斗机联队）1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen（曼弗雷德·冯·里希特霍芬）, "the Red Baron"（红男爵）.

A member of the NSDAP from its early days, Goering was wounded in 1923 during the failed coup known as the Beer-Hall Putsch（啤酒馆政变，慕尼黑暴动）. He suffered from a lifelong addiction to morphine（吗啡）after being treated with the drug for his injuries. He founded the Gestapo（盖世太保）in 1933. Goering was appointed commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe (air force) in 1935, a position he held until the final days of World War II. Adolf Hitler promoted him to the rank of Reichsmarschall（帝国元帅）, a rank senior to all other Wehrmacht commanders, and in 1941 Hitler designated him as his successor（继承人）and deputy in all his offices.

Goering 's standing with Hitler was greatly reduced by 1942, with the air force unable to fulfill its commitments and the German war effort stumbling on both fronts. Goering largely withdrew（撤出）from the military and political scene and focused on the acquisition of property and artwork, much of which was confiscated（没收）from Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Informed on 22 April 1945 that Hitler intended to commit suicide, Goering sent a telegram to Hitler asking to assume control of the Reich（德意志帝国）. Hitler then removed Goering from all his positions, expelled him from the party, and ordered his arrest. After World War II, Goering was convicted（定罪）of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but committed suicide by ingesting cyanide（吞食氰化物）the night before the sentence was to be carried out.

Joseph Goebbels （约瑟夫·戈培尔）- Propaganda Expert

Joseph Goebbels was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout （忠实的）followers, he was known for his zealous orations（激情的演说）and anti-Semitism（反犹太主义）.

Goebbels rose to power in 1933 along with Hitler and the Nazi Party and he was appointed Propaganda Minister. One of his first acts was the burning of books. He exerted totalitarian（集权主义）control over the media, arts and information in Germany.

From the beginning of his tenure（任期）, Goebbels organized attacks on German Jews, commencing with the one-day boycott（联合抵制）of Jewish businessmen, doctors, and lawyers