SCI论文中Figure legends的写作要求
最新Nature投稿格式指南
This guide describes how to prepare contributions for submission. We recommend you read this in full if you have not previously submitted a contribution to Nature. We also recommend that, before submission, you familiarize yourself with Nature‟s style and content by reading the journal, either in print or online, particularly if you have not submitted to the journal recently.Table of contents∙ 1. Formats for Nature contributions Nature文稿格式o 1.1 Articles文章o 1.2 Letters快报o 1.3 Brief Communications Arising and Corrections通信与校正o 1.4 Other types of submission其他∙ 2. The editorial process编辑处理过程∙ 3. Presubmission enquiries投稿前询问∙ 4. Readability易读性∙ 5. Format of Articles and Letters格式o 5.1 Titles标题o 5.2 Text正文o 5.3 Methods方法o 5.4 References引文o 5.5 End notes尾注o 5.6 Statistics统计资料o 5.7 Tables表格o 5.8 Figure legends插图说明o 5.9 Figures插图o 5.10 Production quality figures高质量插图o 5.11 Supplementary information附件信息o 5.12 Chemical structures and characterization ofchemical materials化学结构∙ 6. Submission提交∙7. Publishing in other Nature and NPG journals出版Parts of this document are summarized in a downloadable information sheet.1. Formats for Nature contributions:Nature文稿格式Nature's main formats for original research are Articles and Letters. In addition, Nature publishes other submitted material as detailed below (Section 1.4)."来信"(Letters to Nature)是对某一原始科研成果的初步介绍,其内容是其他领域的研究人员所感兴趣的。
SCI对图片的一般要求有哪些,你都知道么?
最近完成研究生期间的第一个实验,开始了论文书写和图片整理的工作,对于整篇论文来说,除了写不出正宗的英文,还有搞不定的图片制作。
幸运的是,我参加了学校的一个关于SCI论文书写的讲座,听完讲座后,多少有些开窍了,用老师的话讲,论文中的图片是这篇论文的核心,图片可以将整个实验的所有结果用最直观的方式展现出来,一张好的图片可以省去很多啰嗦的文字,所以我整理了自己学到的,希望能对跟我一样的入门级的同学有所帮助。
一、对于论文图片的处理,我们经常用到的有graphpad、AI、PS、Image、Image pro plus等。
论文中图片类型大致分为两种,一种是像细胞照片,WB成像这种机器直接生成的图片,一种是用graphpad做出的统计图,例如柱状图、线条图。
图源:网络二、我们在投稿之前要清楚这个杂志对图片的要求,要求中包括图片的大小、分辨度、图片注释中字体和字体大小等等,但是很少有一次成型的,我们在第一次投稿的时候,会将论文生成pdf形式上传,再将图片结果分别上传,图片的格式基本上就是 TIFF、EPS和JPG格式,最好是前两种 。
审稿通过后,杂志社会发给你该杂志对各种类型图片的不同处理要求,还是会需要进行后续修改的,所以这里也要注意,我们在初期处理图片的时候,一定要在保留原图的同时,生成一个psd格式方便后续修改,同时生成一个TIFF格式,用于后续上传。
这里要注意的是,保存成TIFF格式的时候, 要以LZW形式压缩,并选择扔掉图层,不然的话,TIFF会很大,影响后续上传。
单个插图文件的大小不应大于10MB。
三、 字体要求Arial或Times , 英文论文中不能出现中文 ,且全篇要保证统一字体。
对于图片中字体的大小没有明确的规定,但是要保证同一类型的图片大小相同,一般字体最小是6号,最大是14号,在这个范围内的都可以 。
四、关于图片大小的调节,点击PS菜单栏上的 图像>图像大小 ,在文档大小处,调整图片的宽度,在约束比例处打勾,软件就会自动调整图片的高度了。
如何撰写SCI文章,投稿交流用语及状态解释
如何撰写SCI文章,投稿交流用语及状态解释第一部分:SCI文章的写作对于没有写过英文的人来说,第一篇文章有些困难。
关键还是在于要阅读大量的英文文献。
在文章的写作上,最好不要自己造句子。
说实在的,大多数中国学者的英文都不好,自己造句子,很可能是中式英语,老外看不懂。
所以,写文章,要学会借鉴。
也就多看英文文章,看到相关的句型,要做好笔记。
要学会使用老外们用过的句型,拿来以后作些修改。
我一般都在写作前阅读大量的文章,一边阅读,一边把自己认为重要的句子分别copy到自己文章的各个部分,然后在写作时进行取舍。
1.Introduction部分,很多可能都是文献。
要介绍自己研究的内容的一些相关知识。
让大家知道你所研究领域现在的一些进展,以及自己研究的“新鲜”内容。
2.Materials and Methods比较好写,看看文献,应该有相同的内容可以参考,把这些内容找来进行一些修改就可以了。
3.Results部分有些困难。
这一部分是要自己造句较多的部分。
但是也要尽量借用英语是母语的人所用的句型。
个人研究的内容可能很多,要突出指出自己的研究重点。
在这一部分,最好不要出现讨论方面的内容。
4.个人觉得最难写的部分是Discussion部分。
要把自己的研究与他人的研究结合起来,哪些与他人的研究相似,哪些不一样。
从自己的研究结果可以得出什么样的结论或推论。
要从研究结果可以引申一些相关的内容,不要完全局限于自己的研究领域,放宽一些。
5.我一般是在写完这些部分以后,再写Abstract,最后再定标题。
一个简洁醒目的标题,事半功倍。
请记住:写文章一定要突出自己研究相对较新的内容。
这是一些影响因子较高的期刊所很看重的。
另外,最不推荐的是把文章写成中文,然后翻译成英文。
因为这样真的是彻头彻尾的中式英语了。
第二部分:SCI文章的投稿写好文章后,就要开始投稿了。
1.选择期刊。
找到一个适合自己文章的刊物很重要。
个人推荐:先投一个影响因子较高的刊物,如果能被送审,得到一些修改意见,即使被拒,然后修改后再投一个影响因子较低的期刊,希望更大一些。
如何正确表达SCI论文中的图和表
Kazutoshi Takahashi et al., Cell, 2006
(4)对于同一篇论文中的多幅插图来说,应尽量使插图的各要 素相互统一,尤其是使用相同变量的标目、标值、图例等应 相互一致。 (5)照片图或设计图,需注明尺寸大小及长度单位。 (6)图中的缩略语、符号必须与正文中一致。 (7)论文的插图和附表不宜太多,只附最必要的。 (8)图幅的大小与图内所提供的信息量相匹配,不致于使图面 感到空旷或拥挤。
由若干个点组成,这些点对应于平面直角坐标系中的纵横轴 两个变量,表示某个事件的数值。通常用于比较跨类别的非 重复值。可从点的位置判断测量值的高低、大小、变动趋势 或变化范围。散点图加入曲线,可以看到趋势。如果所有的 点构成一个条形,则说明存在相关关系。例如,沿着斜线的 一组点意味着线性相关,如果所有点都落在一条斜线上,那 么其相关系数为1. 00。
为了在不同的场合正确输出图像,有时需要把图像从一种模 式转换成另一种模式。PS通过执行“IMAGE/MODE”子菜 单中的命令,来转换需要的颜色模式。
怎样正确使用图和表
你需要注意几个方面的问题: (1)图、表还是文字哪个更有效? 如果与文字材料重复,那么 就没有必要使用图和表。如果能够补充说明文字材料或者能 够缩短讨论的长度,那么插图就是呈现信息的有效方式。 (2)哪种图、表最适合你的目的? 是否需要制作详细的、高分 辨率的插图? 能否用一幅简单的、仅用线条和点就能表示的 插图? 两者表达的信息是否一样? (3)图、表是否真实、有效、客观地展示了数据? (造假高发) (4)图、表是否展示了数据的本质和规律? (5)图、表是否表达了论文的主题或观点?
浅谈SCI论文中Figure legends的写作要求
浅谈SCI论文中Figure legends的写作要求
1、Figure Legends的写作应严格按照期刊要求,如有的期刊要求另页双行打印,位置在表格或参考文献后面,也就是在论文的最后。
Figure legends不要排在插图下面。
2、图序即插图的序号。
根据插图在正文中被提及的顺序,用阿拉伯数字进行排序,如Figure 1、Figure 2等,并尽量把图安排在靠近第一次提及它的位置。
3、Figure Legends不应该包含方法细节,或者不超过100个字。
如果SCI论文没有方法部分,Figure Legends应该少于300个字。
4、图题即插图的标题,要求简明准确,要有较好的说明性和专指性,不要为了追求形式上的简洁而选用过于泛指的图题。
5、图中未能表达又必须表达的信息应在图注中说明。
如图中含有误差线,则应阐述是标准误、标准差、信度边界或数值范围。
如在图中标注了显著性值,则应在图注中说明。
6、当插图中含箭头、数字、符号或字母时,则要在相应的位置做明确的说明。
此外,在撰写Figure legends时一定要参考期刊的要求,有些期刊对图片数量有一定限制,因此在处理文档时,务必确认好哪些图片是必需放在文章内的,然后整理好Figure legends。
【分享】在国外期刊发表文章时一定用到的,SCI论文写法攻略(很详尽,研究生必看)
【分享】在国外期刊发表⽂章时⼀定⽤到的,SCI论⽂写法攻略(很详尽,研究⽣必看)SCI论⽂写法攻略第⼀部分 SCI论⽂全攻略之选题与创新⼀、先想先写最后做1. 做研究之前,必须想清楚:结果能不能发表?发表在哪⾥?2. 先把⽂章⼤框写好,空出数据,等做完实验填完空就可以发了;正所谓⼼中有沟壑!3. 在未搞清“写什么、发哪⾥、⾃⼰研究与同类研究有何出⾊之处”之前,就不要动⼿做!4. 继续去看⽂献,去想;想不清楚就做还不如不做!5. 要想这样做,就得先看⽂献!要知道如何把⽂章架起来、要知道别⼈是如何讨论的、要知道⾃⼰的数据是不是说明了与别⼈不同的事情或别⼈没有做过……这个过程就是阅读⽂献及思考的过程,这些搞清楚了,写就简单了!6. 要是先做事,做完发现别⼈做过,或⽆法⽤理论来解释,岂不是冤⼤头?⼆、如何科学选题1. 课题选择和国际接轨。
想在国际核⼼期刊发表⽂献,就必须了解国际研究动态,选择与国际学术研究合拍的课题。
由于多⽅⾯因素的影响,我国科学研究选题与国际先进⽔平还有⼀定距离。
我国⼀家权威科研机构不久前在国内挑选了许多前沿领域的研究课题,准备参与国际合作,但到美国后发现近三分之⼆的课题已经不属前沿,在美国很少有⼈研究。
在⾼校,⼀些教师治学严谨、基础扎实,但科研成果不突出,重要原因就是不重视有关领域学术动态,不能选得合适的课题。
2. 课题要有可发展性。
课题可发展性对⾼⽔平论⽂的持续产出具有极⼤作⽤。
中国科技⼤学范洪义另辟蹊径,发展了诺贝尔奖得主狄拉克(Dirac) 奠定的量⼦论的符号法,系统地建⽴了“有序算符内的积分理论”,1998年有24篇论⽂被SCI收录;他对⾃⼰论⽂⾼产的解释是,研究“具有开创性,突破⼀点以后就可以向纵深发展,使研究⼯作⾃成系列、成⾯成⽚”。
我院被SCI收录论⽂最多的杨新民⽼师从事凸性理论研究,该理论兴起于 20世纪70年代,90年代进⼊⾼峰。
作为新兴研究领域,该理论本⾝有许多尚待研究之处,同时该理论也可⽤来解决最优化⽅⾯的问题。
英语医学科研论文的格式和要求
英语医学科研论文的格式和要求1.格式根据医学杂志编辑国际委员会 (The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, ICMJE)制定的《生物医学杂志投稿统一要求》(The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, 5th Ed., 1997)*, 一篇生物医学科研论文(以下简称“论文”)应包括以下12个部分:1.标题(Title) 2.摘要(Abstract) 3.引言(Introduction) 4.材料与方法(Materials and Methods ) 5.结果(Results) 6.讨论(Discussion) 7.致谢(Acknowledgements) 8.参考文献(References) 9.插图说明(Legends) 10.插图(Figures)11.表格(Tables) 12.照片和说明(Plates and Explanations)以上除7、9、10、11、12部分因实际情况不需要外,其他各部分是一篇论文必不可少的内容。
下面分别介绍对各部分的基本要求,其中“标题”和“摘要”两部分将在以后单元另行讨论。
2.要求1)引言部分总的要求是:The purpose of an introduction is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study (move from the general to the specific). The introduction shows the scope of your investigation efforts.** 即:说明研究的总体范围和目的。
SCI论文中Figurelegends的写作要求
Part
03
Figure Legends的写作技巧
简洁明了
总结词
避免冗长和复杂的句子,尽量使用简短、清晰的语句来描述图表内容。
详细描述
在撰写Figure Legends时,应避免使用过多的形容词和副词,以免使读者产生困惑。同时,要避免在 Figure Legends中重复图表中的信息,只需提供必要的解释和说明。
THANKS
感谢您的观看
特别说明的信息,应在图例中进行补充说明。
Partபைடு நூலகம்
02
Figure Legends的写作规范
语言规范
英文书写
Figure Legends应使用 英文书写,避免使用中文。
语法准确
确保语法正确,无拼写错 误,使用正式、客观的语 言。
专业术语
使用专业术语,避免使用 非学术性语言。
格式规范
STEP 01
详细描述
Figure Legends应包括图中所描述的实验 或观察的简要说明,包括实验材料、方法、 结果和结论。此外,还应提供图中的标尺和 单位,以及任何特殊符号或缩略词的解释。
问题二:描述过于冗长
要点一
总结词
避免在Figure Legends中提供过多的细节或冗长的描述。
要点二
详细描述
Figure Legends应简洁明了,只提供必要的信息。避免重 复图中的信息,而是提供附加的解释和背景信息。同时, 使用专业术语和简练的语言,以提高清晰度和可读性。
sci论文中 figurelegends的写 作要求
• Figure Legends的基本信息 • Figure Legends的写作规范 • Figure Legends的写作技巧 • Figure Legends的常见问题及解决方法 • 实例分析
SCI论文要求
Preparing the ManuscriptPain Management Nursing subscribes in general to the Publication Manual of theAmerican Psychological Association, 6th Edition (2010, Washington, DC: AmericanPsychological Association).• Manuscripts must be neatly typed, double spaced, with 12 cpi in Times New Roman font, on 8 1/2" × 11" format with margins at least 1" all around.• Use APA level headings and subheadings to separate major sections and ideas within the paper.• Submit one original electronic manuscript, including a title page, abstract, text, tables, references, and illustrations to /pmn. Be sure there is anabbreviated title of no more than 52 characters as a running head on each page of the manuscript.General InformationSubmission format - Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. The following guidelines have been created to assist in the preparation of the manuscript. Submissions will automatically be converted to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF file that is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission these source files are needed for further processing after a decision has been reached regarding acceptance.Communications - All correspondence regarding the Editor's decision and requests for revision take place via email and via the Author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail. Authors are encouraged to print out the submission guidelines for reference during subsequent stages of article preparation.Submission mandates - Only previously unpublished work should be submitted; material that has been presented in part in abstract form elsewhere should be acknowledged in a note. All individuals who are listed as authors of a manuscript must have participated significantly in the conception and design of the work and the analysis of the data (ifapplicable) as well as in the writing of the manuscript. At least one author must be aregistered nurse. Exceptions may be made at the discretion of the Editor based on the significance and relevance of the work to the discipline of nursing. All authors must also believe the manuscript represents valid work and must have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approved it for publication. The authors must report any potential conflicts of interest regarding this publication. See information under Journal Format.Materials submitted to the journal must not be under consideration for publicationelsewhere. Manuscripts should be in English and conform to the journal format.Foreign authors - Prior to submission, foreign authors are encouraged to have their final version proofread by a native English-speaking health professional for proper grammar and syntax. 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The order of author listings should reflect the extent to which the author contributed to the manuscript.All individuals who provide help during the research (e.g. providing language help, writing assistance or proofreading the article, etc.) that do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged in the paper. Acknowledgements are noted on a separate page at the end of the manuscript, following Conclusions and before the reference pages.Manuscript typesThe journal currently focuses on publishing works that fall into the following categories:Research papersPapers reporting original research are welcomed. The journal editors recommend authors adhere to recognized reporting guidelines relevant to research design used in their manuscript. For quasi-experimental/non-randomized evaluations and, randomized (and quasi-randomized) evaluations the journal advocates the use of TREND (Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomized Designs or CONSORT (ConsolidatedStandards of Reporting Trials) guidelines each of which may be accessed at/index.aspx?o=1032. Qualitative study authors may wish to refer to the guidelines known as COREQ (Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research) by Tong, et al. found in International Journal for Quality in Health Care (2007), 19(6), 349-357 accessible through the following link:/10.1093/intghc/mzm042.Review articlesIn depth literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and meta- syntheses are also welcomed. For guidance regarding manuscript content authors should refer to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines that may be accessed at /index.aspx?o=1032. Authors presenting meta-syntheses are again encouraged to access the COREQ guidelines noted above. Authors are expected to include a statement early in their work about the type of review they are presenting in the submitted manuscript.Open accessThis journal offers you the option of making your article freely available to all via the ScienceDirect platform. To prevent any conflict of interest, you can only make this choice after receiving notification that your article has been accepted for publication. The fee of $3,000 excludes taxes and other potential author fees such as color charges. In some cases, institutions and funding bodies have entered into agreement with Elsevier to meet these fees on behalf of their authors. Details of these agreements are available at/fundingbodies. Authors of accepted articles, who wish to take advantage of this option, should complete and submit the order form (available at/locate/openaccessform.pdf). Whatever access option you choose, you retain many rights as an author, including the right to post a revised personal version of your article on your own website. More information can be found here:/authorsrights.Other manuscript typesOther types of manuscripts such as concept analyses and those addressing contemporary pain management issues may be accepted for review based on the Editor's decision as to the significance and relevance of the work to nursing and to pain management.Manuscripts that do not comply with journal requirements may be returned without review at the discretion of the Editor. All manuscripts, including review articles, will be subject to peer review. Please note that the publication process moves slowly, leading to a cache of articles awaiting publication. While the journal takes every effort to expedite publication, there are unavoidable constraints on how many articles may be published in each issue. Authors should expect to wait approximately 3 months to receive word about the outcome of the review of their work. Letters to the Editor will also be published at the discretion of the Editor as space permits and may be subject to editing. Accepted manuscripts will become the property of the journal (except those protected by U.S. Government law), and excerpts or parts of their contents may not be published elsewhere without writtenpermission.Journal FormatManuscripts should be submitted in the following order: title page, abstract/key words, text, acknowledgments, references, figures, figure legends, and tables. If a disclaimer is required, it should be written on a separate page at the end of the manuscript. All pages should be numbered sequentially in the upper right hand corner of the manuscript. A cover letter should accompany all submitted manuscripts. The manuscript, including references, tables, and legends, should be typed on one side of the page only and double-spaced with at least 1" (2.5 cm) margins throughout. Each numbered page should contain a running head according to APA guidelines. In addition, to facilitate editorial review and commentary each line of text within the manuscript should be numbered beginning with line 1 on each new page.Permissions - Permission to quote and reproduce material previously published must be obtained from the copyright holder, and a copy of the letter granting such permission must accompany the manuscript. Authors are expected to disclose any commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted manuscript. All manuscripts accepted for publication must be accompanied by a final version in electronic format, preferably in Microsoft Word. All components of the manuscript must appear electronically.Submission items include:• a cover letter (save as a separate file for uploading)• the manuscript (including title page, abstract, main text, references, tables, and figures (and table/figure legends).• Files should be labeled with appropriate and descriptive file names (SmithText.doc,Fig1.eps, Table3.doc).Upload text, tables and figures as separate files. You can compress multiple figure files into a ZIP file and upload in one step. The system will then unpack the files and you will be prompted to name each figure. Artwork also known as figures consists of camera ready photographs, line drawing such as graphs or illustrations, and combination art (combining line and photographic images). Authors must submit as a CMYK(4 color EPS or TIFF file is preferred over PDF format for the following reasons: EPS (encapsulated post-script) is a vector based file and not suitable for photos or combination art. Files submitted must be at 1000 dpi or higher. TIFF files (text to file format) work best for photographs. Files submitted in this format must be 300 dpi or higher. TIFF files are not compressed and cannot be expanded. Usually the image becomes grainy or jagged when enlarged. PDF files cannot be edited and should be submitted at 300 dpi or higher-these do not reproduce as well as an EPS or TIFF file and are therefore not encouraged. All images should be at least 5 inches wide.Complete instructions for electronic artwork submission can be found on the authorGateway, accessible through the journal home page.Software such as Photoshop® and Illustrator® may be used in the creation of art. Gray scale images should be at least 300 dpi. Black and white line art needs to be at least 500 dpi. Combinations of gray scale and line art should be at least 1000 dpi. Please include hardware and software information, in addition to the file names with the disk.Cover LetterA one-page cover letter must accompany all submitted manuscripts. In addition to the request for publication, the cover letter should address the reason the author seeks publication in this particular journal. The cover letter should also provide the name, complete address, telephone and fax numbers, and email address of the corresponding author.Title PageThe title page of the manuscript must include the full name(s), highest academic title(s), affiliations/credentials, address, telephone, email address and disclosure statements for each author. Please refer to APA guidelines for proper title page formatting. Authors are required to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in the study (see /funding). All funding sources supporting the work submitted should be properly acknowledged on the title page of the manuscript.Presentation of ManuscriptsAbbreviations - Avoid using abbreviations unless they are likely to be common or well recognized within the discipline. Any abbreviations that the authors intend to use should be written out in full followed by the letters of the abbreviation in brackets the first time they appear. Thereafter, only the letters without brackets should be used.Statistics - Standard methods of presenting statistical material should be used. A statement identifying the statistical package used should be included. Where methods are not widely recognized explanation and a full reference to widely accessible sources must be given. Wherever possible, exact p values should be given to no more than three decimal places. Wherever possible, give both point estimates and confidence intervals for all population parameters estimated by the study (e.g. group differences, frequency of characteristics).Key words - Include a maximum of 6 key words for indexing purposes. The purpose of key words is to increase the accessibility of your paper to potential readers searching the literature. Refer to a recognized thesaurus of keywords whenever possible, such as Medical Subject Headings (MESH) thesaurus or Cumulative Index of Nursing and AlliedHealth (CINAHL) headings (see /mesh/meshhome.html). Key words are placed a few lines below the abstract on the same page. See APA for an example.Abstract - The abstract should appear on a separate page and should not exceed 250 words. The abstract should not include references of abbreviations. Abstracts for research papers should be structured to include Background; Aims; Design; Settings; Participants/Subjects; Methods; Results and Conclusions. Abstracts for reviews should provide a summary under the following headings, where possible: Objectives; Design; Data sources; Review/Analysis methods; Results and Conclusions. Abstracts are not allowed for Editorials or papers about contemporary issues.Level Headings -The content of your paper should determine the level headings used. For quantitative research papers the level headings should include the usual layout such as Background (including problem, purpose and significance); Literature Review; Methods (including research question, design, & procedures); Data/Results; Discussion; Implications for nursing education, practice and research; and Conclusions. Be sure to refer to the APA manual for the proper placement of level headings within the manuscript (see APA, 6th ed., p. 62). For reviews, the level headings should include, insofar as possible: Objectives, Design; Data sources; Review methods; Results; Implications for nursing; and Conclusions.TablesAll tables must be numbered sequentially in the order of their citation in the text. Each table should be typed double-spaced on a separate sheet of paper and should be accompanied by a clear, specific title and legends (as appropriate). See APA for guidelines regarding table formatting.Figures and Figure LegendsAll figures must be numbered sequentially in the text and accompanied by figure legends typed on a separate page. Legends should be brief and specific. All illustrations should be submitted electronically. Figures should preferably be submitted electronically in EPS or TIF format. Graphics software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, not presentation software such as PowerPoint, CorelDraw, or Harvard Graphics, should be used to create the art. Color images must be CMYK, at least 300 dpi. Gray scale images should be a least 300 dpi. Combinations of gray scale and line art should be at least 1200 dpi. Line art (black and white or color) should be at least 1200 dpi. Please see the Elsevier's author artwork and multimedia instructions at /artwork for more information.Disclosure of Financial Interests and Potential Conflicts of InterestAuthors are required to provide full disclosure on potential conflicts of interest. This includes financial or personal relationships, interests and affiliations relevant to the subject matter of the manuscript that have occurred over the past two years, or that are expected in the foreseeable future. This disclosure may include, but not be limited to, grants or funding, employment, affiliations, honoraria, consultancies, royalties, stockoptions/ownership, or expert testimony. Such information may be held as confidential during the review process. If the article is accepted for publication, a disclosure statement will appear with the article.The disclosure statement should be included for each author on the title page. If an author has no conflicts of interest to declare, this must be stated. Authors should contact the Editorial Office with questions or concerns, but should err on the side of inclusion when in doubt. The following is sample text:"Jane Smith reports having received lecture fees from XYZ Laboratories. SusanBrown disclosed consulting fees from 123 Inc. Elizabeth Wall reports no financial interests or potential conflicts of interest."ReferencesIn-text citations:References are cited in the text as follows; et al. may be used as noted in the APA. Please be aware that the number of authors for a reference matters when including in-text citations. The APA manual is very helpful.Manual: Source citation(Fuller, 2005)Direct quote(Beck & Higgins, 2005, p.17)Use of the Digital Object Identifier (DOI)The digital object identifier (DOI) is used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string that is assigned to a document by the publisher upon initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in Press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. Use of the web site may be helpful in locating Digital Object Identifiers (DOI's) for journal articles or seek help from a librarian.When a DOI is unavailable refer to the APA manual for assistance in documenting retrieval information (APA (6th ed. Pp. 188-192).Reference listThe reference list should be double-spaced and in alphabetical order, according to APA format (6th edition), as follows. Authors are responsible for verifying the accuracy and completeness of references. Authors should also include retrieval information for all journal articles contained on the reference pages. Sample reference page listings with sample DOI's follow:Journal article, one author:McDonald, M. (2003). Seeing the cage: Stigma and its potential to inform the concept of the difficult patient. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 17(6), 305-310. doi:10.1079/00002800-200311000-00012Journal article, two authors:Mitra, S., & Sinatra, R.S. (2004). Perioperative management of acute pain in theopioid-dependent patient. Anesthesiology, 101, 212-227. doi:10.1097/00000542-200407000-00032Journal article, three to five authors:Dracup, K., Cronenwett, L., Meleis,A.L., & Benner, P.E. (2005). Reflections on the doctorate of nursing practice. Nursing Outlook, 53, 177-182. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2005.06.003Journal article, six or more authors (article with no doi):Quinn, E.M., Berding, C., Daniels, E., Gerlach, M.J., Harris, K., Nugent, K., Green, C., Clarke, G. (2004). Shifting paradigms: teaching gerontological nursing from a new perspective. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 30(1), 21-27. Retrieved fromIn text, use the following parenthetical citation each time (including the first) the work is cited: (Leavitt et al., 2005)Journal article in press:Rieger, P.T., Pentz, R.D. (in press). Genetic testing and informed consent. Seminars in Oncology Nursing.Chapter of book:Shortell, S.M., Rundall, T.G. (2003). Physician-organization relationship: social networks and strategic intent. In S.S.Mick & M.E.Wyttenbach (Eds.), Advances in health care organization theory (pp. 171-173). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Book:ACSM. (2000). Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.Proofs and ReprintsThe corresponding authors will be provided with page proofs to check the accuracy of typesetting. Proofs must be checked carefully and returned within 48 hours of receipt. Important changes in data will be accepted, but authors will be charged for excessive alterations in proofs. A reprint order form will be sent to the corresponding author. Reprints will be shipped six to eight weeks after publication of the issue in which the article appears.Checklist for Submitting ManuscriptsIncomplete submissions will be returned to the author. Note: Authors are responsible for keeping a copy of their manuscript.• All material typed double spaced• Cover letter with article title plus the name, home and work addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and email address for the corresponding author• Title page with the article title and name, credentials, title, and institutional affiliation of each author as well as the preferred correspondence address, telephone number, and email address of the corresponding author• Abstract• Text, double-spaced, with page numbers and running head• References, double spaced• Acknowledgments• Tables• Legends for illustrations• P ermission from individuals to publish their photographs, from the author and publisher of copyrighted materials, and from institutions for use of forms, protocols, etc. Authors are responsible for applying for permission for both print and electronic rights for all borrowed materials and are responsible for paying any fees related to the applications of these permissions.。
写综述时的figure permissions
写综述时的figure permissions 在写综述(review)时,提及图表(figures)的权限通常是指对于引用和使用图表的规定和许可。
这方面的注意事项通常包括以下几个方面:
1. 版权和授权:确保你在综述中使用的图表是合法获取和使用的。
如果图表受到版权保护,你可能需要获取作者或版权持有者的许可。
一些图表可能会以特定的许可证发布,例如,基于创作共用许可证(Creative Commons licenses)的图表。
2. 引用和来源:在综述中引用图表时,提供清晰的引用信息,包括图表的来源、作者、出版日期等。
这有助于读者追溯图表的原始出处,同时也是对图表作者的尊重。
3. 学术期刊和出版商规定:如果图表来自学术期刊或特定出版商,查阅相应的期刊投稿和使用规定。
有些期刊可能有特定的规定和许可要求,你需要遵循这些规定。
4. 图表修改和演绎:如果你对图表进行了修改或演绎,确保你有权这样做,并在综述中说明你对图表的修改。
一些图表可能有限制,要求保持原始形式。
5. 开放获取图表:如果可能,选择使用开放获取(Open Access)的图表,因为它们通常有更宽松的使用规定。
开放获取图表可能以公共领域、创作共用许可证等方式发布,使其更容易被引用和使用。
6. 图表数据的使用权限:如果图表包含数据,确保你有权使用这些数据,并遵循数据提供者的使用规定。
有时,数据提供者可能要求进行特定的引用或提供数据来源。
总体来说,了解和遵守图表的使用权限是保证综述合法、道德和学术规范的重要步骤。
在写综述时,透明地说明图表的权限和引用信息有助于确保你的研究是可信和受到尊重的。
英文医学论文撰写的基本要求及常见问题
英文医学论文撰写的基本要 求及常见问题
英文医学论文的格式和内容
文题
Title
作者名单 Authors’ name
作者单位 Author affiliation
摘要
Absቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱract
关键词 Key words
引言
Introduction
材料与方法 Materials and Methods
英文医学论文的格式和内容
文题的书写格式:
国外期刊对文题书写格式要求与国内期 刊的不同。
每个实词首字母都大写
Perioperative Chemotherapy versus Surgery Alone for Resectable Gastroesophageal Cancer
(N Engl J Med, 2006, 355:11-20)
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders is higher in urban than in rural areas
Clinical study of purulent meningitis complicated with subdural effusion
Symptoms and signes of purulent meningitis suggestive of subdural
结果
Results
讨论
Discussions
致谢
Aknowledgement
利益冲突 Conflicts of interest
参考文献 References
如何制作科技论文中的Figures
统计图(Figure)是用图形将统计资料形象化,利用线条高低、面积大小代表数量,通俗易懂,比文本与统计表更便于理解和比较。
统计图种类较多,常用的包括直条图、百分直条图、直方图、线图和点图等。
在科技论文中,应根据资料的类型及表达目的选用合适的统计图。
例如,对不同性质分组资料进行对比时可选用直条图,说明事物各组成部分的构成情况可用圆形图或百分直条图,用于表达连续性资料频数分布可用直方图,为表明一事物随另一事物而变化的情况选用线图,表达两种事物的相关性和趋势可用点图。
统计图在绘制过程中对其结构组成[包括标题(Legend)、轴标(Axis Label)、数轴(Axis)、图例(Symbol and Key to Symbols)、误差棒(error bar)]、和正文引述(Describe)有一定的要求,以下就这几部分进行阐述,同时列举四种常用统计图[直条图(Bar Graph),频率直方图(Frequency Histogram),XY散点图(X,Y Scatterplot),XY线图(X,Y Line Graph)]的用法,希望对大家有所帮助。
下面两个示例图是典型的直条图和线图,红色字体标记了各组成部分。
图表要告诉读者尽可能多的信息,比如:(1)图表反映的结果,包括扼要的统计描述;(2)如果可以应注明实验的研究对象;(3)得出该结果的条件背景,如:采用的处理方法或显示的相互关系等;(4)实验地点(仅室外实验时需要);(5)需要详细的图解对图表反映的结果做出解释(许多杂志都强调图表需成为独立的部分,即读者可以不阅读正文章节而通过检视图表本身而理解论文结果,这一点经常被许多中国作者忽视);(6)如果可以应注明培养或处理的参数或条件(温度、媒介等);(7)实验的样本大小和统计检验结果;(8)不要在两坐标轴标签之间用“versus”对其简单重述。
一、结构组成1. 标题(Legend)标题一般位于表的下方。
SCI论文写作全攻略(三)-选刊与投稿
SCI 论文写作全攻略(三)-选刊与投稿一、拟投期刊的选择:1.1.选用选用SCI 收录期刊。
目前SCI 收录核心刊收录核心刊 3000 3000种,加上增补期刊约种,加上增补期刊约 5600 5600种。
研究者可事先将SCI 中自己感兴趣的期刊找出来备用。
中自己感兴趣的期刊找出来备用。
2.2.利用利用SCI 收录期刊的影响引子(收录期刊的影响引子(Impact Impact Factor Factor)来选择期刊。
期刊的影响因子是该刊前)来选择期刊。
期刊的影响因子是该刊前2年发表的文献在当前的平均被引次数。
《科学》、《自然》影响因子很高,SCI 收录中国期刊影响因子都在1.00以下。
期刊影响因子愈大,有用信息愈多。
作者可根据期刊的影响因子排名决定投稿方向。
3.3.利用学科带头人的影响或国际学术交流的条件,物色最了解中国学术研究、信任中国学者的那部分利用学科带头人的影响或国际学术交流的条件,物色最了解中国学术研究、信任中国学者的那部分期刊投稿。
期刊投稿。
SCI SCI 选用的期刊中约选用的期刊中约 1 / 3 1 / 3为美国期刊,因而要注意选美国期刊。
为美国期刊,因而要注意选美国期刊。
二、如何准备投稿?选择适合刊物投稿:从杂志homepage 下载Instruction for Author ,按投稿要求,如投稿份数、论文体例、长度、图表、参考文献引法、配图说明(Figure legends legends))等,逐条遵循。
Letter to editor-in-chief : ①声明文稿权转让;②未一稿多投,和在稿件未作出决定前不准备一稿多投;③所有列出作者均对文稿有确切贡献;④文稿内容真实,无作伪;⑤所有作者均已阅读文稿,且同意送稿;⑥通信作者地址、电话、Fax Fax、、e-mail e-mail;⑦通信作者签名。
勿一稿多投。
;⑦通信作者签名。
勿一稿多投。
;⑦通信作者签名。
勿一稿多投。
Title page 的式样如下:的式样如下:的式样如下: Peroxisome Proliferation-Activated Receptor-g Ligands Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune MyocarditisZuyi Yuan, MD, PhD; Yan Liu, MD; Yu Liu, MD; Jijun Zhang, MD; Chiharu Kishimoto, MD, PhD*; Yanni Wang, MD; Aiqun Ma, MD, PhD; Zhiquan Liu, MD.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, KyotoUniversity, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanFirst author's surname: YuanRunning head: PPARg ligands ameliorate myocarditisSupported by Natural Science Foundation of China (30170371)Address correspondence tZuyi Yuan, MD, PhDDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,No.1 Jiankang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, ChinaTel: +86-29-532-4021 Fax: +86-29-5263190E-mail: ******************三、向国外生物医学期刊投稿需注意(一)期刊选择:(一)期刊选择:英文生物医学期刊种类繁多,选择一本恰当的期刊并非一件易事,然而这是论文得以发表的一个重要环节。
SCI论文中Figure legends的写作要求
15
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Some key issues to deal with!
• Multinationals
– Ownership ? – Current scene – Empowering employees – Developing channel partners (WEIGHTING) – Investing in skills development (WEIGHTING)
• Customers
– Consistency between public and private – Balancing business needs, yet drive internal and external transformation – Is Telkom black owned – Is arrivia black owned – Role of SITA – Accountability of SOE’s
Some key issues to deal with!
• Targets
– % of black ownership
• • • • • Beauty parades Investment versus operational Joint ventures FRONTING ! Funding
– % of black management
• Or is BEE for SMME’s only
– Blackness in cutting edge, leading edge technologies, products and services
• Cabling versus Strategic engagements 10
ASA投稿要求
Table of Contents:I.General Editorial, Ethical and Legal Issues一般编辑、伦理、法律问题A.AuthorshipB.Group Authorship团体作者C.Group Collaborators合作者D.Copyright 版权E.Duplicate, Prior or Divided Publications重复的、优先的、分开的出版物F.Scientific Misconduct科学不端行为G.Human Studies: IRB Approval and Consent人体研究H.Animal Studies: Animal Care Approval动物研究:动物伦理批准I.Conflicts of Interest利益冲突pliance with NIH and Other Research Funding AgencyAccessibility Requirements符合美国国立卫生研究院和其他研究资助机构的可达性要求K.Study Design Issues实验设计1.PreClinical Trials2.Surveys调查3.Observational Studies观察性研究4.Clinical Trials临床试验II.Types of Papers论文类型A.Original Investigations原始调查B.Clinical Concepts and Commentary (CCC) Articles临床概念和评论文章C.Review Articles review文章D.Special Articles特殊文章E.Correspondence对应F.Mind to MindG.Clinical Practice Guidelines 临床指南H.Images in Anesthesiology (IiA) 图像I.Other Items其他项目III.Manuscript PreparationA.General Arrangement Information on electronic documents电子文件一般资料整理B.Title Page标题页C.Abstract (when required) 摘要D.Body Text正文E.References参考文献F.Tables表G.Appendices附录H.Figure Legends图I.Figures图1.Color Images彩图2.Preparation of Electronic Figures3.Journal Cover Figures杂志封面彩图J.Manuscripts "In Press"K.Supplemental Digital Content补充数字内容L.Additional Information附加信息1.Units of Measurement测量单位2.Abbreviations缩写3.Drug Names and Equipment药品名称和设备4.Data Reporting and Statistics数据报告和统计5.Patient Identification患者识别M.Permissions权限nguage Editing Services语言编辑服务IV.Submission of Electronic Documents提交电子文件A.File Formats, Text文件格式,B.File Formats, Fonts文本文件格式,字体C.File Formats, Graphics and Images图像和图形D.File Sizes文件大小I.General Editorial, Legal and Ethical IssuesA.AuthorshipEach manuscript must have one "Corresponding Author." Anesthesiology follows the ICMJERecommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work inMedical Journals to define the criteria required for authorship. All authors must have participated in the design, execution, and/or analysis of the work presented, and attest to the accuracy andvalidity of the contents. All persons or organizations involved in the work must be listed asauthors or acknowledged. Manuscripts are received with the understanding that they have beenwritten by the authors; ghostwritten papers are unacceptable. See Cullen D: Ghostwriting inscientific anesthesia journals. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: 195-6..每个手稿都必须有相应的作者。
一篇完整的医学SCI论文基本格式分析
一篇完整的医学SCI论文基本格式分析一篇完整的SCI论文应该包含title,abstract,keywords,text,acknowledgement,references,有图和表的还应该包括legends。
下面笔者来谈谈每项所包含的一些具体内容:1.标题(title)医学论文题目要求命题既能概括全文内容,又能引人注目,便于记忆和引用,做到恰当、确切、简短、鲜明,起到一种画龙点睛的作用,以引起读(编)者的注意与兴趣。
通常标题所在页叫标题页(title page),一般由以下几个部分组成:(1)完整标题(full title)。
(2)小标题或眉题(running title/running head):有些期刊不需要填写这一项。
(3)作者署名(author name):医学论文署名要用真名而不用笔名。
署名不可过多,应本着实事求是的原则,必须参加全部或部分主要工作,或参加文章撰写,对文章内容负责的人。
署名次序应按贡献大小依次排列。
(4)作者单位(author affiliation)。
(5)通讯作者及其单位、邮箱、电话、传真等(corresponding author)。
有的期刊可能要求在标题页写出摘要字数,正文字数,或插图和表格数量,或标明是否有基金资助,是否存在利益冲突,等等。
2.摘要(abstract)摘要是正文的高度浓缩,是医学论文内容的简短陈述,便于读者了解全文的要点,便于做文摘和检索。
因此,摘要应力求简明扼要,字数一般为150~300字左右,如是特殊情况字数可以略多。
摘要可以独立使用,不过简亦不过繁,不要一般的套话空话。
摘要最常见的为一段式或结构式两种,结构式摘要(structured abstract)一般从以下四个方面入手:(1)背景或目的(background/obxxxxjective);(2)方法(methods);(3)结果(results);(4)结论(conclusions)。
SCI实验数据处理(图片,图表,文字)
不少研究生们可能都有这样的体会:千辛万苦得来的实验结果,不知道该如何展现给别人?的确如此,有些研究工作做得非常出色,可能由于呈现方式的问题,不能发表高水平的文章(尤其是SCI文章)。
仔细分析C-N-S系列的大牛文章,不难发现,这些高水平论文的图表质量也高人一筹。
因此,合理的“包装”自己的实验结果非常重要。
一、共聚焦图片1. 拍照时要保留大中小三个倍数的图,且图片分辨率不能太低(我们用1024*1024),能大则大,我们是因为机器限制。
用的时候要进行裁减,比如文章上放的是200倍和400倍的图,实际上200倍的图来自拍照时100倍的图,400倍的图来自拍照时200倍的图。
这样有利于准确地形成系列图片。
2. 图片对比度、中间色之类可以(或者是必须)在保证趋势的基础上进行适当调整。
3. 荧光图片不提倡定量,定量要配合western。
4. 应该是tif格式。
5. 拍照时一般不要把对比度调节的太大,尽量保存细节。
拍的太强了后期是不好调弱的,或者背底太暗了也会丢失细节的。
这些后期都可以通过软件调节。
6. 低倍-高倍的顺序。
反之会形成暗区,特别是在高倍加zoom放大层扫之后特别明显。
这是教训,不能看见高倍下面比较好的结果,就欣喜若狂,先高倍后低倍。
7. 一定要保留你的oib格式,不能因为省空间,只存留tif格式。
有些杂志会要求伪色,比如,红色的用粉色显示,要是有oib格式就很好调整,重新出图就是。
没有oib,用tif也可以用其他软件转换,但总觉得最后的颜色不是很对,因为很难把握粉色的色值。
8. 层扫的图片叠加或出2D的tif图,建议不要用“输出所见”这个选项,这样出来的1024-1024的会变成512-512,这时候还是选择一般tif,1024-1024,后期再用其他软件合成会比较好。
9. 结果好,拍照好,才是最基本的,一定要杜绝对结果的修改。
对于形态学的图片来说,用软件修改后的用一些二进制的软件打开后可以明显看出修改过程。
SCI论文插图规范(国际通用版)
SCI插图规范(国际通用版)软件:图片编辑:Adobe Photoshop矢量绘图:Adobe illustrator图表制作:excel、graphpadPdf虚拟打印机:Adobe acrobat professional不推荐在PowerPoint和word中拼制插图。
格式:TIFF格式:位图。
导出TIFF前合并图层。
Eps格式:矢量图。
文件名:Fig1.tiff、fig2.tiff…Fig1.eps、fig2.eps…色彩模式:制作时用RGB模式,投递前转化为CMYK色彩模式(看期刊要求)。
灰度图请用灰度模式。
8位颜色通道。
字体:中文:宋体英文:Arial或times new roman整篇插图文字保持一致,最大不大于14号字,尽量用8-12号字,避免用6号以下字体。
线条粗细:坐标轴用黑色。
线条0.25pt-1.5pt之间。
图片压缩:TIFF格式的灰度图、线图采用LZW格式的无损压缩。
文件大小:单个图片大小不应超过10MB。
插图尺寸:半版图:宽8cm,高<20cm2/3版图:宽12-15cm,高<20cm整版图:宽17cm,高<20cm不同类型的图片要求:1. 线条图TIFF格式分辨率至少1000dpi坐标轴黑线,绘图区横向网格线去除Eps格式同一论文不同插图线条粗细、字体、字号一致2. 灰度图(电镜照片、电泳条带等)TIFF格式分辨率至少300dpi(建议400dpi或500dpi)Eps格式:分辨率至少300dpi3. 彩色图Tiff格式分辨率至少300dpi(建议400dpi或500dpi)Eps格式:分辨率至少300dpi4. 复合类型图Tiff格式分辨率至少500dpi图片每个部分使用大写ABCD标注,如果每个部分中包括下一级的字部分用小写abc标注。
5. 医学模式图(电脑软件人工绘制的用以辅助反映一个医学过程的图像,建议用彩色模式以及矢量图格式提交)Tiff格式分辨率至少500dpi其他细节动物标本等实物照片图上应有标尺。
SCI稿件的撰写格式
SCI稿件的撰写格式同一般文学写作不同, 科学杂志的论文有一定的格式, 尽管不同杂志一般又有自己的特殊要求, 但基本格式是一致的。
稿件的格式同印出的论文有不同之处,发表的论文在排版上要尽量紧凑,用的字号也小。
目的是用尽量少的空间,从而降低印刷的费用。
稿件的文字要清楚, 行与行之间要留有手写修改文字的空间。
稿件的文字一般用12号字, 行与行之间用double space、Figure 和Table 都是附在稿件的后面, 同文字分开,而不是安插在文字中间。
科技杂志论文稿件一般要有以下几个部分,按先后顺序为:Title page、Abstract、Key words、Introduction、Materials and Methods or Experimental Section、Results、Discussion、Conclusion、Acknowledgments、and References写作时, 一般先写主体部分, 也就是Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussions, Conclusion, References 部分,Title、Abstract、Keywords 等一般最后再写,Results 中的Figure captions, Figure 和Table 一般要单独附在稿件的后面。
为满足不同杂志的特殊要求, 读者应先阅读投稿说明(Guide to Authors) 并参阅杂志上已发表的论文。
在杂志网址上或每卷杂志的第一期上可以找到Guide to Authors。
Cover Letter投稿时需附cover letter 。
一个简单的Cover letter 一般可以这么写:Dear Editor:We would like to submit a manuscript entitled:” Rat Plasma Stability Study of Insulin by LC-MS” by Laiwen Liu et al for publication in the Journal of Mass Spectrometry.简要的描述一下论文的结论,重要性和新颖性.Sincerely,Abstract and Key wordsAbstract 就是一个压缩的论文,对课题背景,要研究的问题,实验设计和方法,结果和讨论做简要的叙述。
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dti policy document is platform
• Charters
• Definitions • Targets
• Timelines
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Some key issues to deal with!
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Some key issues to deal with!
• Targets
– – – – – % of black ownership % of black control % of black management % black skills base ? Black owned large enterprises
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Some key issues to deal with!
• Multinationals
– Ownership ? – Current scene – Empowering employees – Developing channel partners (WEIGHTING) – Investing in skills development (WEIGHTING)
• List all multinationals – 4 black CEO’s • List all listed company - ? Black CEO • List all SOE - ? Black CEO 11
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Some key issues to deal with!
• Definitions
– Sector ( what is – Segmentation I C T)
• H/w, software, SI, Manufacturer, • high value versus “holes and poles”
– Enterprise (Listed, Private, Multinational, SOE) – SMME – Black enterprise – PDI’s, HDI’s, HDG’s PAI’s, HAI’s – White women = ? PDI’s – Black empowered enterprise Achieve clarity, standard, consistency
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dti policy document is platform
• Objectives of BEE
– A substantial increase in the number of black people who have ownership and control of existing and new enterprises. – Above in priority sectors of the economy – A significant increase in the number of new black enterprises, black-empowered enterprises and black-engendered enterprises – A significant increase in the number of black people in the executive and senior management of enterprises
• Or is BEE for SMME’s only
– Blackness in cutting edge, leading edge technologies, products and services
• Cabling versus Strategic engagements 10
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Background – Why a Charter?
• Pale male complexion of IT must change' THE uncompromisingly white male profile of information technology companies has been blasted by Andile Ngcaba, the director-general of the communications department, with a stern message that the industry must be overhauled, writes Lesley Stones... Sep 13 2002 12:00:00:000AM Business Day 1st Edition
• Targets
% of black management Management ? CEO CFO COO Sales Director ?? HR Executive ?? BEE Execute key issues to deal with!
– Despite the implementation of transformative policies and sound fiscal management by Government, South Africa’s economic growth performance remains disappointing. Continued high levels of unemployment and poverty undermine the stability of our new democracy. The country still has one of the most unequal distributions of income in the world. This is a reflection of the extremely low levels of black participation in the economy.
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Background – Why a Charter?
• BEEcom Report Feb 2001
– The country cannot therefore sustain high levels of economic growth in the absence of deliberate measures by the State to facilitate the meaningful participation of black people in the economy. The state has an integral role to play, in the policy and regulatory environment and in the provision of services itself.
论文外文翻译
THE ICT CHARTER
Hasmukh Gajjar Member: ICT Charter Working Group 16th September 2003
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Background – Why a Charter?
• BEEcom Report Feb 2001
• Customers
– Consistency between public and private – Balancing business needs, yet drive internal and external transformation – Is Telkom black owned – Is arrivia black owned – Role of SITA – Accountability of SOE’s
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Background – Why a Charter?
• The socio-economic landscape has structural deficiencies consequent to a policy of artificial engineering based on race • Accelerated economic growth can be achieved through re-engineering legacy • The ICT Charter is our Business Plan
Some key issues to deal with!
• Targets
– % of black ownership
• • • • • Beauty parades Investment versus operational Joint ventures FRONTING ! Funding
– % of black management
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Some key issues to deal with!
• Stakeholders
– Consulting – Multinationals – Distribution – Enterprise Resellers – Resellers – Customers / Consumers
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Background – Why a Charter?
• Government softens its approach to IT industry reforms
Plans to impose black empowerment criteria on the high-tech sector appear to have been withdrawn, with the communications department saying it trusts industry leaders to introduce their own reforms. The retreat has been welcomed by industry leaders, who feared that strict targets similar to those in the mining charter would be imposed although doubts linger about how quickly reform will happen if government does not force the direction and pace of change. Feb 27 2003 06:50:28:000AM Lesley Stones Business Day 1st Edition