c语言教程英文版讲义(一)

2Some Informationo Lecturingn C/C++ Language n Artificial Intelligence n Specialized Englisho Phone numbers and emailn Office: A0816n Phone: 84706003-3816n Email: eecc2012@3Textbooko 书名：C 语言教程（英文版·第4版）o 原书名：A Book on C:Programming in Co 作者：(美)Al Kelley, Ira Pohl o 出版社:China Machine Pres s4Professor of Computer and Information Scienceso Ira Pohl is a Professor of ComputerScience at the University of California, Santa Cruz.o His current research is in object-orientedprogramming(OOP) and topics in software methodology. He has written widely on programming in C, C++，C# and Java.o His research interests include artificialintelligence (AI), the C#, C, C++ and Java programming languages, practical complexity problems, heuristic search methods, etc..5Reference Readingo 书名：C 语言的科学和艺术（英文版）o 原书名：The Art andScience of C:A Library Based Introduction to Computer Science o 作者：Eric S.Robertso 出版社:China Machine Pres s6Reference Readingo 书名：C 程序设计语言（第2版·新版）o 原书名：The C ProgrammingLanguageo 作者：(美)Brian W.Kernighan,Dennis M.Ritchieo 出版社: Prentice-HallInternational , Inc.7Course administrationo Class hours ：72 Credits ：4n Teaching hours ：48 hours (3 credits)n Practice hours ：24 hours (1 credits)o Grading system ：100n Final exam: 60%n Homework and Quizz: 15%n Projects: 25%Course administrationo Class is 4hours of lecture a week, Monday andWednesday at 13:30pm and 8:00amo 4 hours of practice a week ,6 weeks from 6th~11th week o 8hours a week of outside-the-class.9Why do we learn C language?o Today is the era of java and .net.oC is the fundament of OS. The kernel of Unix, Linux and Windows are written by C. Windows API is the interface of C functions. Unix/Linux applications are developed by C.oIf you want to be the superior of programmer, you must learn C language.oC# derived from C/C++What skills will you acquire?o You’re going to be able to write.o You’re going to be able to read.o Understand abilities and limits.o Understand what you can and cannot do.11How to study C programming:Some proverbso Standardization of formatn Well begun, half done.n A year ’s plan starts spring.o Have patiencen A workman must first sharpen his tools if he is to dohis work well.n Right tool for the right job.o Debug routinen Everything has a hard beginning.n Practice makes perfect.To follow, without halt, one aim:there the secret of success.12How to study C programming:o 1. Read all assigned reading in the textbook.--Not just once.--one paragraph at a time.--close the book, summarize the paragraph you just read.--If you could not summarize it quickly and accurately,read it again .o 2. Read your lecture notes in the same way.Type in all the programs you saw in class and make sure you understand them.o 3. Read the documentation of strcpy , strcat , strcmp ,malloc , calloc , strlen , printf , sprint , sscanf etc. Know how to find the documentation of any C library function and what is meant by "the documentation".o 4. Read your homework and make sure you know how itworks. The exams will definitely include several questions about the homework programs.13What I expect from you as a student:o Show up for classo Show up for class on timeo Know what the topic is for that dayo Have already read the corresponding part of the textbook (see the lecture schedule)o After the class meets, go over the material again (textbook, and notes, if any)o Do your homework (and on time!)o Do your own homework by yourself . (You can discuss it orally but you must do your own writing.)o Arrange your schedule so that you have identifiable hours each week to spend on this course.oWork at a steady pace throughout the semester instead of in frantic bursts just before the final exam.14What will we learn?o Program o Functionsn Declarationso Constant o Variablen fundamental :int, char, float, double n structured: array, struct, union n pointern Statementso assignmento control: if, for, do, while,…o compound o null150 Starting from Zero2 Lexical Element,Operators, and C System 3The Fundamental Data Types 4Flow of Control 5Functions6Arrays, Pointers and Strings7Bitwise Operators and Enumeration Types 8The preprocessor 9Structures and Unions 10Structures and List Processing11Input/Output and the Operating System13 Moving from C to C++Contents 16o Some termsn Computer language n Programn Programming n Algorithmo Program ’s Constitutionn Some representation of fundamental data n Give instructions to computer(decription of recipe)C/C++ Language17o What is the program?n data structure+algorithm=program n data structure+algorithm+structured programming method+language tool= programo Three basic structuresn Sequential n conditional n IterationC/C++LanguageNikiklaus Wirth——Computer Scientist18o 0.1 C ’s background o 0.2 C ’s Characteristic o 0.3 ANSI C Standard o 0.4 From C to C++o 0.5 From C and C++ to Java0 Starting from Zero19The basic organization of a computer system0.1 C ’s background Arithmetic sectionStorage sectionControl section Input device Output deviceresultprogramdataCPU20Machine languagesAssembly languagesHigh-level languageProcedure -oriented Object-oriented0.1 C ’s backgroundThe development of programming languages211.In the mid-1970s,UNIX spread throughout BellLabs.2.By 1980,several C compilers were put forward onthe market.3.By now,there are many versions of C languages.0.1 C ’s background The origin of C language 22True dialogueArtificial intelligence “ dialogues”Command languages(as in OS)Problem-oriented languages(Fortran, Pascal)Machine-oriented languages(BCPL,B)Assembly languagesHardware0.1 C ’s backgroundThe place of the C languageþýüþýülow-levelHigh-levelconcrete abstractdetailedgeneralpastfuture C23Algol60 (1960,an international committee)CPL (1963,Cambridge & Univ.of London)BCPL (1967, Martin Richards)B (1970, Ken Thompson)C (1972, Dennis Ritchie)0.1 C ’s background The development of the C language240.2 C ’s characteristicp C is a small language Keyword p C is the native language of Unix p C is portable Pascal p C is terse Operator p C is modularp C is the basis for C++ and Java p C is efficient on most machinesp C is not without criticism0.3 ANSI C Standard 26p C often serves as the kernel for more advanced or morespecialized languages.p C++ is an object-oriented language,it is the extension of C.0.4 From C to C++27p Java was designed for work on the Internetp It allows the programmer to write secure and portableprograms that can be downloaded from the Internet and run on your local machine.p Java borrows ideas from both C and C++ and is designed to run in a machine-and system-independent manner.0.5 From C and C++ to Java 28o Operating system o Source file o Text editor o Compiler o Object codeProgramming and preparation29We must do: 1. Edit it (*.c)2. Compile it (*.obj)3. Run it (*.exe)It depends on the system we are using.Programming and preparation 30Programming and preparation31VC++6.0Programming and preparation32“File ”→“New ”33“Files ”→“C++ Source Files ”34“File ”→“Save ”35“Build ”→“Compile test1.c ”36“Build ”→“Build test1.exe ”37“Build ”→“Execute test1.exe ”3839sea1.c#include <stdio.h>int main (){printf(“from sea to shining C\n ”);return 0;}Examplesfrom sea to shining CLibrary function 40sea2.c#include <stdio.h>void main(){printf(“from sea to ”);printf( “shining C ”);printf(“\n ”);}Examplesfrom sea to shining C41sea3.c#include <stdio.h>void main(){printf(“from sea\n ”);printf( “to shining \nC\n ”);}Examplesfrom sea to shining C42******************* from sea ** to shining C *******************43sea4.co #include <stdio.h>o void main()o {o printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");o printf(" ******************\n");o printf(“* from sea *\n");o printf(“* to shining C *\n");o printf(" ******************\n");o printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");o}Examples 44n miles and yards, kilometers. n Convert yards to miles, divide by 1760.0n Convert miles to kilometers, conversion factor 1.609n miles=yards/1760.0;nkilometers=1.609*miles;ExamplesIn English units, a marathon is defined to be2638542.245/* marathon .c The distance of a marathon in kilometers.*/Examples#include <stdio.h>void main(){ int miles,yards;float kilometers;miles=26;yards=385;kilometers=1.609*(miles+yards/1760.0);printf(“\nA marathon is %f kilometers.\n\n”, kilometers);}A marathon is 42.185969 kilometers.46/*The distance of a marathon in kilometers.*/Examplesp Convert the distance of a marathon in miles and yards to kilometers p int ,floatp V ariables must be declared at the beginning of the program p Identifier consists of a sequence of letters,digits,andunderscores,but may not start with a digit.p Comment p Semicolonp Assignment statement p precedence47Homeworko Write an interactive program that converts pounds andounces to kilograms and e symbolic constants that are defined at the top of the file outside of main().o 2. For a three-figure integer, get its unit's place , ten ’splace and hundred's place figure.o pute the roots of quadratic equation ：ax 2+bx+c=0o 4.Input the three edges of a triangle, compute its area.o 5. Compute the BODY MASS INDEX(BMI)t= weight (kg)/height (m x m)ïïïîïïïíì³<£<£<£<II 0Obese .30 I 9Obese .9252t9Overweigh .42329Normal .225.18ht 5Underweig .18t t t t t 48Thank you！49Keywords( standard C:32)auto break case char const continue default do double else enum extern float for goto if int long register return short signed sizeof static struct switch typedef unsigned union void volatile while50Keywords(C++:32)bad_cast bad_typeid bool catch classconst_cast delete dynameic_cast except explicitfinally friend inline mutable namespace new operator private protected public reinterpret-cast static_cast template this throwtrue try type-info typeid typename using virtual<51Control statements(9)if( )~else~for( )~while( )~do~while( )continue break switch goto return<52C & PascalC Pascal{ } BEGIN….END if(e) s; IF(e) THEN sint i ; VAR i:INTEGERint a[10]; VAR a:ARRAY[1..10] OF INTEGER int f(); FUNCTION f():INTEGERint *p;VAR p:-INTEGER<53Operatorsarithemetic：+ -* / % ++ --relational：< <= == > >= !=logical：！&& ||bitwise：<< >> ~ | ^ &assignment：= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>=conditional：?:comma：,pointer：* &Bit count：sizeof case：(type-name）member：. ->index：[]others：( ) -<54Data TypesData typestandardstructure d pointer voidtypedefnumericchar enumintegral realfloatdoubleshort long intarraystruct union <55portableif (x>0) then BEGIN A:=1;B:= 2END;#define THEN #define BEGIN {#define := =#define END ; ;}if (x>0) {A=1;B=2;}<。