测控技术与仪器专业英语课文翻译

当然，有应用的个人电脑的所有者可能想比仅通过GPIB与各种设备的奇数，提供更高的性能。这种系统通常称为基于PC的工作站。在基于PC的工作站，仪器模块匹配性能和兼容性都聚集围绕PC电脑。基于PC的工作站允许来自多台仪器的数据迅速聚集，存储，作图，分析，并纳入一台PC机上的报告形式。这种类型的系统一般都放在一个制造商合作，以提高性能和涉及的仪器模块之间的合作。

There are, of course, applications for which the owner of a PC may want higher performance than that offered by the GPIB alone, with its odd assortment of devices. Such systems are generally referred to as PC-based workstations. In a PC-based workstation, instrument modules with matched performance and compatibility are clustered around a PC computer. The PC-based workstation allows data from multiple instruments to be rapidly gathered ,stored, graphed ,analyzed, and incorporated into report form on a single PC. Systems of this type are generally put together by one manufacturer to enhance performance and cooperation between the instrument modules involved.

一个基于PC的工作站的一个例子是惠普推出的PC仪器系统。 PC仪器是一系列的九个专用仪器模块，旨在通过一个专门的接口总线操作惠普触摸屏II个人电脑，IBM PC / XT / AT，AT＆T的电脑6300，或的HP Vectra PC。在PC的仪器提供仪器模块是一个50 MHz的数字示波器，一个12位数字 - 模拟转换器双通道，100 MHz的通用计数器，5 MHz的函数发生器，数字万用表。

An example of a PC-based workstation is the PC Instruments system introduced by Hewlett-Packard. PC Instruments are a series of nine dedicated instrument modules designed to operate over a dedicated interface bus by an HP Touchscreen II personal computer ,an IBM PC/XT/AT, an AT&T PC 6300, or an HP Vectra PC. Among the instrument modules available for PC Instruments are a 50-MHz digitizing oscilloscope, a 12-bit dual-channel digital-to-analog converter, a 100-MHz universal counter, a 5-MHz function generator, and a digital multimeter.

从仪器模块收集的测试数据直接送入电脑存储，显示和分析。该仪器模块本身有没有米，或显示自己的。所有输出，包括波形显示，通过电脑屏幕上，可同时显示多达八个不同的仪器输出。

Test data gathered from the instrument modules are fed directly to the PC for storage, display, and analysis. The instrument modules themselves have no meters or displays of their own. All outputs, including waveform displays, are through the PC screen, and up to eight different instrument outputs may be displayed simultaneously.

PC仪器通信与PC通过PC的仪器总线，或PCIB。 PCIB实现一个单一的接口卡插入到PC主板的扩展槽。每个PCIB接口卡支持多达8个仪器模块。安装到计算机中的第二个PCIB，允许为8个额外的仪器模块的支持。

PC Instruments communicates with the PC via the PC Instruments Bus, or PCIB. PCIB is implemented with a single interface card that plugs into one expansion slot of the PC motherboard. Each PCIB interface card supports up to eight instrument modules. Installing a second PCIB into the computer permits support for an eight additional instrument modules.

PCIB是独一无二的，它支持并行和串行通信（图1）。乍一看，两个通信信道，在一个单一的总线系统的想法似乎是多余的。然而，仔细分析，是实现节约成本和减少冗余。

The PCIB is unique in that it supports both parallel and serial communications (Figure 1). At first glance, the idea of having two communications channels in a single bus system appears to be redundant. On closer analysis, however, a cost saving is realized and the redundancy is reduced.

在一个典型的GPIB系统，有需要的输入和/或输出接地和计算机隔离，以使可浮动测量的仪器，如电压和电流米。隔离通常是providedby光隔离器的GPIB通信仪器中的数据串行方式使用并行到串行的转换。从仪器的数据，也必须通过使用光隔离串行到并行的转换器传递到GPIB。因此，每一个设备，需要隔离，还需要自己的一双光隔离器和相应的转换器。

In a typical GPIB system there are instruments, such as voltage and current meters, that require the inputs and/or outputs to be isolated from earth ground and the computer so that floating measurements can be made. The isolation is typically provided by optoisolators communicating the data from the GPIB side to the instrument in serial fashion using a parallel-to-serial converter. Data coming from the instrument likewise must pass to the GPIB through an optoisolator using a serial-to-parallel converter. Consequently, every device that requires isolation also requires its own pair of optical isolators and respective converters.

在PC仪器，测试仪器，可以选择之间的隔离的串行通信通道或更快，非隔离总线并行通信。串行通道的并行到串行和串行到并行转换器被放置在接口卡，从而降低了系统成本，同时提高性能。

In PC Instruments, the test instrument may choose between an isolated serial communications channel or the faster, nonisolated parallel communications bus. The parallel-to-serial and serial-to-parallel converters for the serial channel are placed on the interface card ,thus reducing system cost while improving performance. PCIB并行通信通道（图2）提供高速数据路径为文书，并不需要隔离。数据可传输速率最高可达100K字节/秒，受个人电脑主机的限制。并行通信通道包含一个8位数据路径，两条控制线，与相应的地面回报，是26芯的带状电缆连接个人电脑主机的模块化仪器的一部分。PCIB并行通信通道是向上兼容的GPIB，PC仪器最通用的系统。

The PCIB parallel communications channel (Figure 2) offers a high-speed data path for instruments that do not need isolation. Data can be transmitted at rates up to 100K bytes/second, subject to limitations of the host personal computer. The parallel communications channel consists of an 8-bit data path, two control lines, with appropriate ground returns, are part of the 26-conductor ribbon cable that connects the host personal computer to the modular instruments. The PCIB parallel communications channel is also upwardly compatible the GPIB, making PC Instruments a most versatile system.

PC仪器的最令人印象深刻的的方面之一是软前面板的系统软件，它提供了一个交互式图形用户手动控制仪器的机制。控制面板也可以直接调用eithej - DOS，BASIC，或任何其他语言，产生正确的反应，因此，贷款使用定制软件程序的计算机自动测试系统。

One of the most impressive aspects of PC Instruments is the soft front-panel system software, which provides an interactive graphics mechanism for the user to control instruments manually. The control panel can also be invoked directly from eithej- DOS, BASIC, or any other language that produces the correct response, thus lending the system to computer automated testing using customized software routines.

前面板软件模拟传统乐器堆放台式，允许用户同时观看所有的控制模块。它是一件简单的事TD选择一个新的仪器，利用简单的触摸屏，鼠标或键盘输入。

The front-panel software emulates a benchtop stacked with traditional instruments,allowing the user to control one module while viewing them all. It is a simple matter tdselect a new instrument using simple touch-screen, mouse, or keyboard inputs.

为每个已安装的仪器模块的软件是包含在所有时间内的主机电脑。每个测试模块的性能进行了优化个人表现及互动合作。数字示波器软件，例如，在当前的PC仪器行是最复杂的，是代表什么系统能够做到的事情。数字示波器]软件包分成五大功能：硬件设置，数据采集和显示，用户界面，测量，并计划控制。

The software for each installed instrument module is contained within the host computer at all times. The performance of each test module has been optimized for both individual performance and interactive cooperation. The software for the digitizing oscilloscope，for example, is the most complex in the current PC Instruments line, and is representative of what the system is capable of doing. The digitizing oscilloscope] software package is broken into five major functions：hardware setup, data acquisition and display, user interface，measurements, and program control.

硬件设置设置纵向和横向的敏感性，延迟timip耦合输入，采集模式，并触发配置示波器模量被调用时，安装说明在PCIB发送执行示波器modufl。

The hardware setup sets the vertical and horizontal sensitivities，delay timip coupling input，acquisition mode，and trigger configuration for the oscilloscope moduli When invoked，the setup instructions are sent over the PCIB to the oscilloscope modufl for execution.

数据采集包括以下测量过程，从示波器模块读取一个251字节的数据字符串。根据上述过程中所描述的硬件设置缩放的数据。用户使用前面板的图形，每个屏幕上的设置可能会被修改。因此，在数据显示的变化可飞。

Data acquisition consists of reading a 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module following a measurement procedure. The data is scaled according to the hardware settings described in the procedure above. The settings may be modified by the user using the front-panel graphics that are available on every screen. Consequently, change in the display of the data can be made on the fly.

测量包包括控制电压和时间标记和自动参数测量上升时间，下降时间的波形分析»时期，频率，脉冲宽度，过冲，前冲，峰 - 峰值电压。这些测量的基础上的251字节的数据从示波器模块的字符串使用直方图来确定的绝对和相对maximum9 minitnum，和个百分点，以及上升沿和下降沿的位置，统计分析。因为统计学的数据显示，而不是身体，它也受到tosoftware处理在大致相同的方式，信号处理与RC Flectronics 是IS - 16 COMPUTERSCOPE在本章开头所述。

The measurement package includes control of voltage and time markers and waveform analysis for automatic parametric measurements of rise time，fall time» period, frequency, pulse width, overshoot, preshoot，and peak-to-peak voltage. These measurements are based on a statistical analysis of the 251-byte data string from the oscilloscope module, using a histogram to determine the absolute and relative maximum9 minitnum, and percentage points, as well as the location of rising and falling edges. Because the data is displayed statistically，not physically，it is also subject tosoftware processing in much the same way that signal processing was done with the R C Flectronics IS-16 COMPUTERSCOPE described at the beginning of this chapter.

个人电脑工具软件还允许通过电脑仪器之间的数据交换。例如，在示波器显示屏上看到的变化，可以调整使用软件的反馈循环，函数发生器，继电器执行器等，一个应用程序可能预期随频率变化。通过监测被测设备的输出电压，使用示波器，可自动补偿信号波动的数据字符串和软件处理，函数发生器的输出电平调整。

The PC Instruments software also allows for data exchange between instruments via the computer. For example，changes seen on the oscilloscope display can be adjusted using software feedback loops to the function generator, relay actuator, etc. One application may be expected to vary with frequency. By monitoring the output voltage of the device under test, using the oscilloscope，s data string and software processing, adjustment to the output level of the function generator can be made to automatically compensate for signal fluctuations