2018-2019年上海曹杨二中高三上英语期中试卷

上海市曹杨二中2018学年度第一学期高三年级期中考试英语试卷I.Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar and VocabularySectionACritics of renewable energy often cite the fact that technologies like wind and solar only produce energy when the wind is blowing or the sun is shining.They argue that we can’t effectively use renewable energy until appropriate energy __31__technology is developed.While the fact that wind and solar don’t produce energy around the clock is certainly a major __32__,I find that the problems associated with the intermittent(间歇的)nature of many renewables are often exaggerated,and rarely discussed from a(n)__33__perspective.With this post,I will introduce a few of the main challenges posed by intermittent energy __34__,and then discuss possible solutions.The difficulty associated with integrating variable sources of electricity __35__from the fact that the power grid(电网)was designed around the concept of large,__36__electric generators.Today,the grid operators uses a three-phase planning process to ensure power plants produce the right amount ofFamous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)once wrote:“Ah!Realize your youth while you have it.”He pointed out the important truth about how precious youth is in one’s journey through life.However,the popular internet slang word foxi(佛系)—or “Buddhist”—is __21__(challenge)this norm by encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible —in other words,to live like a Buddha.The phrase __22__(create)in Japan in 2014to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path.They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without __23__(disturb)and care little about passion and success.Now,Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset.For example,“Buddhist students”are those who study just the right amount —they don’t cut class,but they either __24__they burn the midnight oil.There are also “Buddhist parents”,who involve little __25__their children’s lives and let them develop __26__they like —the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world,it’s only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor.However,some would compare foxi with “denominational culture(丧文化)”–a phrase that describes young people who feel aimless and powerless.They say that foxi actually reflects the reality __27__young people are losing their will to fight.They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply __28__they’re incapable of succeeding.But no matter what,there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters”should keep in mind:You may want to keep a calm mindset regarding failure,but you __29__also be passionate and positive about school,work and life.After all,Wilde also wrote:“Live the wonderful life that is in you!Let __30__be lost upon you.Be always searching for new sensations.Be afraid of nothing.”Section Belectricity at the right time to__37__and reliably meet electric demand.Because the grid has very little storage capacity,the balance between electricity supply and demand must be__38__at all times to avoid a blackout or other problems.Intermittent renewables are__39__because they disturb the conventional methods for planning daily operation of the electric grid.Their power fluctuates(波动)over multiple time horizons.Take the example of solar panels.Solar energy is only available during daylight hours,so the grid operator must adjust the day ahead plan to include generators that can quickly adjust their power output to compensate for the rise and fall in solar generation.Furthermore,power plants that__40__produce electricity all day every day might instead be asked to turn off during the middle of the day so that the energy produced from solar car be used instead of fossil electricity.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ACan we do without cash?Since2015,digital payments in the U.K.have__41__those in cash,and we are invited by the great and the good to cheer this on.The fully cashless era will be magnificently __42__,they say,with goods delivered to the door;no fumbling(摸索)for change,just tap and go.Some London__43__of several chains don’t accept cash anymore.Business and banks want to__44__cash because they have fears of black market and tax avoidance.Yet,we should worry about the__45__of cash,because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual__46__money,in the hand,teaches us its true value.With cash,what you see is what you have.Exchanging it demands personal engagement and__47__the wheels of a community.In a shop,the exchange of cash takes time:it involves eye meeting eye.A digital touch payment is done in a(n)__48__: no human interaction necessary.Without cash,__49__gifts of money became impossible:no more helping a fellow passenger with a bus fare,no__50__change to charity or a beggar.__51__,the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette(礼节)are under pressure.Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition.In simpler times,any amount of cash,warmly generous or pointedly small could be left as a reward.In the digital age,any extra money__52__to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.Cash is a(n)__53__of what money stands for.It promotes independence and engagement.Security concerns are reduced to the age-old matter of keeping hold of what you have.By contrast,a cashless society is a joyless and cold one.People__54__treat everything around when they are drawing on the digital service.Besides,cash is a great leveler(平等物).Every penny,pound and banknote sits the same in every hand,__55__in value and appearance.A pocketful of change is like a gallery of museums.The roses,ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped United Kingdom.It is really crazy to give up on cash.41. A.prevented B.attempted C.outnumbered unched42. A.economic B.elaborate C.deliberate D.convenient43. A.branches B.situations C.minorities D.horizons44. A.work out B.do away with C.turn down D.make out45. A.identification B.justification C.rebirth D.death46. A.digital B.physical C.pocket D.current47. A.fuels B.oils C.pulls D.draws48. A.flight B.pause C.flash D.magic49. A.imposing B.impulsive C.inconsiderate D.gracious50. A.loose B.scarce C.steady D.tense51. A.On the other hand B.By contrast C.On the whole D.Worse still52. A.donated B.devoted C.transferred D.removed53. A.reminder B.simplification C.record D.function54. A.indifferently B.sadly C.cruelly D.accordingly55. A.essential B.feasible parably D.identical56.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?tin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B.Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C.Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D.Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.57.We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen,_______the images they present.A.the smallerB.the largerC.the clearerD.the brighter58.There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of________.A.the participation of scientistsB.the emergence of the internetC.the birth of new theoriesD.the interest in the Internet59.The author is________about he role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A.cautiousB.pessimisticC.uncertainD.optimistic(B)Welcome to my Message Board!Subject:Slimming down classics?Mr.Handsome 2018-2-12Orion Books,which decides there is a market in creating cut-down classics, is slimming down some novels by such great writers as L.Tolstoy,M.MitchellSection B(A)Over the past several decades,the U.S.,and Canada and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries.These includes UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with“nonhuman creatures”such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive such attention as well.Although the mysteries of the Aztec,Mayan,and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries,now the public is also becoming aware of unusual,paranormal phenomena in countries in Peru.The Nazca“lines”of Peru were discovered in1930s.These lines are deeply carved into a flat,stony plain,and from about300intricate(精美的)pictures of animals such as birds,a monkey,and a lizard. Seen at ground level,the designs are a jumbled senseless mess.The images are so large that they can only be viewed as a height of1,000feet—meaning from an aircraft.Yet there were no aircraft in300B.C., when it is judged the designs were made.Nor were there then,or are there now,any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them.So how and why the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs？One answer appeared in1969,when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials(外星人)as runways for their aircraft.The scientist community did not take long to laugh at and abandon von Daniken’s theory.Over the years several other theories have been put forth,but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines.It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet.Currently there are over60sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past,and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries？Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.8:34AM and C.Bronte.Now,each of them has been whittled down to about 400pages bycutting 30to 40pages percent of original,with words,sentences,paragraphs and,in a few cases,chapters removed.The first six shortened editions,all priced at￡6.99and advertised as great reads “in half the time”,will go on sale nextmonth,with plans for 50to 100more to follow.The publishing house believesthat modern readers will welcome the shorter versions.Mr.Edwards 2008-2-129:40AM Ms.Weir 2008-2-1211:35AM Mr.Crockatt 2008-2-124:38PM60.According to the message board,Orion Books _________.A.opposes the reading of original classicsB.is embarrassed for cutting down classicsC.thinks cut-down classics have a bright futureD.is cautions in its decision to cut down classics61.In Mr.Edwards’opinion,Orion Group is shortening classics to ________.A.meet a large demand in the marketB.make them easier to readC.increase the sales of literary bookspete with their original versions62.Mr.Crockatt seems to imply that ________.A.reading the classic works is a confusing attemptB.shortening the classics does harm to the originalC.publishing the cut-down classics is a difficult jobD.editing the classic works satisfies children’s needs(C)The study of psychology is facing a crisis.The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref)has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular,and science in general.The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative,and exciting research in the form of 4papers,but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate(复制)studies.Well,I’m publisher of Orion Group.Thanks for your attention,Mr.Handsome.I must say,the idea developed from a game of “shame”in my office.Each ofus was required to confess to the most embarrassing blanks in his or her reading.Iadmitted that I had never read Anna Karenina and tried but failed to get throughGone with the Wind several times.One of my colleagues acknowledged skippingJane Eyre .We realized that life is too short to read all the books you want to andwe never were going to read these ones.As a leading publishing house,we are trying to make classics convenient forreaders but it’s not as if we’re withdrawing the original versions.They are stillthere if you want to read them.I’m director of the online book club .Mr.Edwards,I think your shortened edition is a breath of fresh air.I’mguilty of never having read Anna Karenina ,because it’s just so long.I’d muchrather read two 300-page books than one 600-page book.I am looking forward tomore shortened classics!I’m from the London independent bookshop Corckatt &Powell.In my opinion,the practice is completely ridiculous.How can you edit theclassics?I’m afraid reading some of these books is hard work,and that is whyyou have to develop as a reader.If people don’t have time to read Anna Karenina ,then fine.But don’t read a shortened version and kid yourself it’s the real thing.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated.Of course,a similar result may not appear—casting into questions the validity(有效性)of the results from the first experiment.Last year,the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate100studies from highly ranked psychological journalists.While97%of the original studies had a statistically significant result,just36% of the replications had the same outcome.Equally worrying:when an effect did appear,it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science.These problems are not confined to psychology,however–many finding published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet,we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings.We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works.So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in.In the UK,the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality(how innovative is the research?), significance(does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour(is the research technically right?).Outputs are then awarded one to four stars.4papers are considered world-leading.The cumulative total of3and4papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表)and therefore attractiveness to students.Obviously,the more publications the better.Worrying,many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication.Examples of this include:coming up with a theory after data is collected,stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later,or only reporting the significant effects from collected data.Others simply fabricate data–Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than50studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge.Why?The focus on originality–publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms,and avoiding testing well-established theories–is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis.According to Ref standards,replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away,many researchers are effectively faced with a choice:be a good scientist,or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis is the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying effects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about_________.A.a reliable body of knowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref________.A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’work and adds to their attractiveness to studentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying“be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section C“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?”Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining,Tori brags,“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.”Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip.I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked ually,gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.A.Despite its scale, innovation and drive, Ant faces obstacles.B.It will definitely expand its business and eventually be accepted worldwide.C.Ant is popular in China and has ambitions outside it.D.The task now is to persuade other countries its approach is safe, transparent and free from government interference.E.Ant is among the most influential payments companies in the world.F.Ant is muscling in, letting people use Alipay when they have weekends in Dubai.In Western countries,countries,it is common to talk about American technology being dominant.However,Asian firms have leapfrogged ahead,offering a new model of financial technology.Exhibit A is Ant Financial,a payments company attached to Alibaba.__67__It has 520million payments customers at home and 112million in its affiliates(隶属机构)abroad,mainly in Asia.In May,Ant signed a deal to install its payments system in millions of American retail outlets.It is in the process of buying Money Gram,a Texas-based money-transfer firm active in over 200countries.Jack Ma,the tycoon who controls Alibaba and Ant,has a grand vision to turn a Chinese empire into a global one.For Ant there are two opportunities.One is a business known as “merchant acceptance”,machines for paying for goods in shops and hotels.At the moment,Chinese travelers abroad often use Union Pay.__68__Besides,Ant is expanding through its affiliates overseas.It owns about half of Paytm,an Indian digital-payments star,and has bought stakes in fintech firms in numerous Asian countries.Buying MoneyGram would give Ant licenses abroad and clients who could be urged to use digital services.__69__First,rising competition is dampening(抑制)margins.At home,WeChat has helped boost Tencent’s market share in digital payments from 15%in 2014to 33%in 2014to 33%last year.Abroad,Ant is not the first mover.In South-East Asia several e-commerce firms are bolting payments onto their apps to attract and keep more customers.In America,Apple Pay is accepted in 4.5m locations.Another is foreign governments’unwillingness for Chinese firms to have a big role in their financial systems.America’s national-security review panel is looking at the MoneyGram deal.China’s financial system is isolated from the rest of the world.Ant has evolved in a distinct and more efficient way.__70__IV.Summary WritingThe Negative Effects of GossipProbably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?The answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the“in group.”In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms,this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your“juicy story”might have.V.Translation72.你想象不到我的粗心让我付出了多么大的代价。