中译英技巧-长句翻译(附课后练习及答案)

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翻译理论与实践[汉译英]汉译英-长句的处理

翻译理论与实践[汉译英]汉译英-长句的处理

长句的处理Ⅰ. Put the following long sentences into English, paying attention to their structures.1.我厂生产的112升和145升电冰箱,造型美观,质量可靠,噪音小,耗电少,使用方便安全。

2.当前我们迫切需要有一个装备优良、人员齐备、按照安全保护原则、本着一丝不苟的精神建立起来的先进核能实验室。

3.本厂已有35年生产丝绸服装的历史,其产品远销全球50多个国家和地区。

完全真丝,质量上乘,做工精细,款式新颖,光滑柔和,耐洗耐晒,永不褪色,舒适高雅,女士必备。

如欲购买,尽快联系。

4.本厂产品质量稳定可靠,深受用户欢迎。

从1979年以来,获纺织部和省市奖的产品共达84种。

我们将遵循“质量第一”、“用户至上”的原则,热忱地为用户服务。

5.知识分子是工人阶级中掌握科学文化知识较多的一部分,在改革开放和现代化建设中有着特殊重要的作用。

能不能充分发挥广大知识分子的才能,很大程度上决定着我们民族的盛衰和现代化建设的进程。

6.历史业也已证明,人类对资源的认识、开发和利用的,以及制造生产工具利用资源的能力,是社会生产力发展水平的重要标志,也在一定的程度上决定了一定的社会基本结构和发展形态。

7.信息技术是在微电子、计算机和现代通讯技术基础上发展起来的一门高科技,具有信息采集、传输、处理和信息服务等一系列功能。

现今已能在一片8英寸的芯片上集成5亿个电子元件,其宽度仅为0.2503微米;微机的信息处理速度已达每秒近亿次以上;计算机虚拟技术将大大拓宽信息技术应用的范围。

8.提高我国的科技水平,必须坚持独立自主、自力更生的方针。

但是,独立自主不是闭关自守,自力更生不是盲目排外。

科学技术是人类共同创造的财富。

我们不仅因为今天科技落后才需要向外股学习,即使我们的科学技术赶上了世界先进水平,也还要学习人家的长处。

Key: 1.将“造型美观,质量可靠,噪音小,耗电少,使用方便安全”用一个主谓结构译出。

长句汉译英的几种处理方法

长句汉译英的几种处理方法

长句汉译英的处理方法通常包含:顺句译法、反序译法、拆句译法、综合译法。

下面给出若干实力说明,请读者体会。

Examples:1. “九龙壁”,建于1756年,全壁用五彩琉璃瓦砌成,两面各有蟠龙九条,姿态生动,反映了我国劳动人民的创造才能。

The Nine Dragon Screen, built in 1756, was made of colorful glazed tiles. The screen, with nine lively dragons on either side, reflects the great creativity of the Chinese working people.2.公园的中心——琼岛,周长l,913米,高32.8米,是1179年(金代)用挖海的泥土堆成的。

The center of the park is Qiong Island, 32.8 meters high and 1913 meters in circumference. It was made in 1179 (in the Jin Dynasty) with the earth that came from the digging of the lake.3.五四运动的杰出的历史意义,在于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态,这就是彻底地不妥协地反帝国主义和彻底地不妥协地反封建主义。

五四运动所以具有这种性质,是在当时中国的资本主义经济已有进一步的发展,当时中国的革命知识分子眼见得俄、德、奥三大帝主义国家已经瓦解,英、法两大帝国主义国家已经受伤,而俄国无产阶级已经建立了社会主义国家,德、奥(匈牙利)、意三国无产阶级在革命中,因而发生了中国民族解放的新希望。

The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well an anti-feudal movement. Itsoutstanding historical significance is seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911,namely, its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism. The May 4th Movement possessed this quality because capitalism had developed a step further in China and because new hopes had arisen for the liberation of the Chinese nation as China's revolutionary intellectuals saw the collapse of three great imperialist powers, Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and weakening of two others, Britain and France, while the Russian proletariat had established a socialist state and the German, Hungarian and Italian proletariat had risen in revolution.4.第一次世界大战后,帝国主义对中国加紧侵略,北洋军阀政府对外妥协投降,对内残酷压迫人民,给中国带来了深重的民族危机。

新英汉翻译教程第十六章长句翻译课堂互动及综合练习答案

新英汉翻译教程第十六章长句翻译课堂互动及综合练习答案

新英汉翻译教程第十六章长句翻译课堂互动及综合练习答案新英汉翻译教程第16章长句翻译课堂互动及综合练习答案(全)课堂互动1:用顺译法翻译下列句子(仅供参考)1.By the verdict of the court he is found guilty and has to pay the plaintiff the damages, set at 750 pounds. Charles Dickens: The Pickwik Papers)经过法院的判决,他被发现有罪,必须支付750英镑的赔款。

2. The rich soil of river-made plains favoured the growth of a thickly settled farming population, and this farming population had been united into a highly civilized kingdom.肥沃的河流冲积平原使定居的农业人口不断增长,他们已经联合成一个高度文明的过度。

3. How these two things—energy and matter—behave, how they interact one with the other, and how people control them to serve themselves make up the substance of two basic physical science, physics and chemistry.能和物质这两种东西如何起作用,它们如何相互影响, 人们如何控制它们使之为自己服务, 这些问题构成两门基础自然科学??---物理和化学的主要内容。

4. I believe we are now moving into a period similar to that after the last war, where there is a general acceptance of the need for a mixed economy, that is, a capitalist economy combined with a substantial degree of government intervention.我想我们正在步入一个酷似二战战后的一段时间,人们普遍认为要建立一种混合经济,是资本主义经济与一定程度的政府干预经济结合起来。

汉译英长句翻译

汉译英长句翻译

• 其中有一半是近5 年才来到温哥华地区的, 这使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚 居地。( 2009 年TEM8) • 分析: 语义表述顺序一致,顺译。原文中 “这使……聚居地”是华人移民的结果, 故而译为现在分词短语。 • 译文: Half of them have come to Vancouver area the past five years only, making it the largest Chinese settlement outside Asia.
• 其中有一半是近5 年才来到温哥华地区的, 这使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚 居地。 • Half of them have come to Vancouver area the past five years only,making it the largest Chinese settlement outside Asia.
汉译英长句翻译
– – – – – 合并法 拆分法 顺译法 逆序法 插入法
英汉语句子结构差异
• 英语句子特点:形式完整、重点突出。 • 汉语长句特点:动词突出的平面结构,思 路清晰、上下连贯。
汉译英长句翻译技巧
顺译法 逆序法 合并法 拆分法 插入法
顺译法
• 是采用原序对译法,也就是顺着往下译( 但不是字 字对应译) 。有些汉语句子的内容结构与英语表 达方式比较一致,在翻译时则可按照原文顺序进 行翻译。这种方法多用于单一主语的长句,但在 译文中要分清句中的信息重心。 • 汉语的信息重心在逻辑关系上。而英语句子主要 信息放在突出位置,次要信息作为辅助性的描写 或叙述手段。 • 所以汉译英时,应该把汉语隐性主次关系发掘出 来,译成英语的主次表达方式。
• 当他们活着一天,总要尽量多工作、多学 习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费 掉。( 2010 年TEM8) • 分析: 单一主语,语义的表述顺序英汉语一 致,故顺译。--“总要尽量多工作、多学习” 是“他”活着时的动作行为,因而译为主 要的表达方式,其它部分译为非谓语动词 形式。 • As long as they are living,they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream their life away,let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.

中译英长句翻译技巧PPT课件

中译英长句翻译技巧PPT课件
长句的翻译
CHENLI
1
汉语与英语构句的不同特点
英语长句结构: 主语+谓语+修饰语 并列成分或并列句
短语或从句
英语主谓关系非常明显,其他成分 通过各种手段(介词、连词、关系 代词、关系副词)同主谓成分挂钩
CHENLI
2
汉语连接词相对少,使用频率也低, 少用介词而多用动词 结构松散,分句间缺乏应有的形式
coordinate and assist subordinate
enterprises in updating production
technology and to transform
mechanism of old factories, as well as
taking part in capitCaHElNLIinvestment.
of going to nurseries and kindergartens.
School age begins at six. Primary school
lasts for six years, so does the
secondary education. It takes four years
20
中国目前的教育制度可以分为四个阶段:学
前教育,也就是托儿所和幼儿园阶段,然后 从六岁开始六年小学,六年中学和四年大学。
At present, Chinese educational system
can be divided into four stages.
Preschool education refers to the period
CHENLI
15
他很少乘车坐船, 几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭, 长途跋 涉; 为了弄清大自然的真相, 他总是挑选道路艰险 的山区、人迹稀少的森林进行考察, 发现了许多 奇山秀景。

新英汉翻译教程-----Chapter-10-长句翻译PPT课件

新英汉翻译教程-----Chapter-10-长句翻译PPT课件
11
10. 1. 2 逆译法 (Translation in Reverse Order)

逆着或基本逆着原文的词序或句序进行翻译,词序
与思维方式和表达习惯有关。在翻译较长的英语句子时,
将分句或一些从属成分倒置译是常见的翻译方法。

汉语时空观上大体遵循逆序法,即由大至小,由远
及近,由重而轻;而英语的时空观大体遵循顺序法在表达
• 2. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.
4
例1:The successful testing of atomic and hydrogen
bombs and guided missile and the launching and accurate recovery of man-made earth satellites are important indications of our new level in science and technology.
terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may
be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical
subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.

长句翻译中英对照

长句翻译中英对照

1、Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样,马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律,即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实:人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿,然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动;所以,直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度,便构成为基础,人们的国家制度,法律的概念,艺术以至宗教概念,就是从这个基础上发展起来的,因而,也必须由这个基础来解释,而不像过去那样做得正好相反。

英语长句的翻译技巧

英语长句的翻译技巧

英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子,很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。

那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技,希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连,跟汉语相近的长句时,按原句的自然顺序进行翻译,并根据具体情况,适当增加或省略有关的连接词。

例如:例一:Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明,演说过于拖沓,演说者在某一点上讲的太多,或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。

例二:But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。

PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反,要从英语原文的后面译起,自下而上,颠倒次序进行翻译。

一般来说,英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多,所以在翻译实践中,倒译通常要多于顺译。

例一:It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长,那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求,尚不得而知。

汉译英翻译技巧-长句的翻译_大学英语

汉译英翻译技巧-长句的翻译_大学英语

长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。

汉语和英语都有长句,但在句子结构上的差异很大。

所以,在翻译时要讲究方法,否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。

在处理长句时,要注意如何断句和如何区分主从,正确运用合并法,倒置法和插入法。

一、断句所谓断句,就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。

大凡长句多为复句,而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。

汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译,才能使意思清晰,结构利落,合乎英语的表达习惯。

另外,现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短,文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。

为此,翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。

一般来说,在以下几种情况下都可以断句:1. 汉语句子较长,内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句,在结构上有困难,语境也不清楚;断句则便于清晰地表达原意,又符合英语的表达习惯。

·历来只有真正老实的劳动者,才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想,而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动,为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。

Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何,把你雇在隔壁人家放牛,每月可以得他几钱银子,你又有现成饭吃,只在明日就要去了。

There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。

《英汉互译实践与技巧》 第十二章 长句翻译

《英汉互译实践与技巧》 第十二章 长句翻译
skeleton form • Step 2: inferring the main idea from the
context and the whole text • Step3: distinguishing between the principal and
subordinate elements and find out the interrelations between principal and subordinate clauses
• 同时,日益强大的中国已经开始帮助解决从支持阿 富汗政府到抗击艾滋病之类的全球性问题。
• This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.
11
2. Dividing
• Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
• 塑料是由水,煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽 到处可以获得的天然资源;煤是用自动化和机械 化的方法开采的,成本比较低;石灰是由煅烧自 然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。

长句的翻译(英译汉)

长句的翻译(英译汉)
的引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能 从句:什么从句?(主语、宾语、定语、同位语从句) 状语:什么状语?(时间、原因、结果、条件等等 ) (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系 定语从句所修饰的先行词在哪? 同位语从句的被修饰词在哪? 状语从句的引导词在哪? (5) 是否有插入语等其他成分。
大学存在的意义和目的不外乎使作为主修某专业的 你们以及作为人的你们能接触到你们的思想需要接 纳的人类思想。这样说的时候,我坚信自己道出了 人文学院全体教师以及专业学院全体教师的心声。

Homework
1、While field visits are complex,time-consuming and relatively costly, they make it much easier to identify inequities in levels of financing and performance across a country and to showcase good local practice.
两代人(即年轻人和老年人)之间的冲突似 乎是所有冲突中最愚蠢的。这样的冲突不过 是现在的自己和将来的自己的冲突或过去的 自己和现在的自己之间的冲突。
2、Anyone considering taking part in the transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory, so that they should be more in tune with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship, observing Borromini’ buildings.

汉译英长句翻译题

汉译英长句翻译题

汉译英长句翻译题篇一:汉译英专项练习及答案汉译英专项练习答案及解析3.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.4.Mark often(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffregulations.5.When I (发现他骗我) I sped buying thins there and starteddealing with another shop.参考答案:3.play indispensable roles【超级短语】play a part/role in起着??作用,饰演??的角色。

4.attts to escape being fined【超级单词】escape后面要接动名词形式。

常与介词from搭配,如He has escaped from thefire.5.caught /found him cheating me【超级句型】find/catch+宾语+宾补,如I found him standing by the river.1.I suggested he(使自己适应) his new conditions.3.If you won't agree to our plan,( 他们也不会同意 ).5.If you had( 听从了我的劝告,你就不会陷入麻烦)参考答案:1.should adapt himself to【超级句型】suggest作“建议”时,其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型“suggest that sb.(should)dosth.”结构;从suggest还可以联想到宾语从句中同样要用虚拟语气的相关动词如:insist,demand,order,ask,advise等。

【超级短语】adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于,其他搭配: adapt from 根据??改写/改编3.neither will they【超级单词】neither表示“两者都不”,表示”也“、”也不“ 的句子要部分倒装。

英语长句翻译技巧

英语长句翻译技巧

英语长句翻译技巧(1) 逆序法英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文後面开始翻译。

在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语经常位于被修饰语之後,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。

倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前後调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。

(2) 顺序法当英语长句的内容表达层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语,从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。

(3) 包孕法。

这种方法多用于英译汉。

所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语後置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。

但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖踏或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。

(4)分句法有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语转换成句子,分开来表达。

为了使语意连贯,有时必须要适当增加词语,也就是采用化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个独立的句子,顺序基本不变,前後坚持连贯。

(5)综合法上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法,事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时,并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法,而是要综合使用到各种方法,这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。

再如,一些英语长句单纯采纳上述任何一种方法都不方便,这就必须要我们的仔细分析,或按照时间的先後,或按照逻辑顺序,顺逆结合,主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。

2英语翻译有什么技巧一、增译法指依据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包涵的意义。

这种方式多半用在汉译英里。

汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be'结构来翻译以外,一般都要依据语境补出主语,使句子完整。

英语长句的翻译

英语长句的翻译

• We hear what they said and view what they did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. • 我们如闻其声,如观其行,如见其人; 我们同情 他们,和他们悲喜与共;他们的感受成为我们 自己的感受,我们觉得仿佛自己是在他们所 描绘的场景中与他们同台扮演着角色.
• It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain. • 从山顶远眺,湖光山色,尽收眼底;这儿风景绝佳,遐迩闻 名. • 译者从最后一个介词短语译起,倒着译到第二个介词短 语,最后才译原句主谓结构. • One could account for what was observed equally well on the theory that the universe had existed forever or on the theory that it was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as though it had existed forever. • 当时有两种理论摆在大家面前:一种理论认为,宇宙是 一直存在的;另一种理论认为,宇宙是在某个有限的时 刻启动的,但给人的印象却似乎是一直存在的.但是,不 管按照哪种理论,我们都可以很好地解释所观察到的事 实.

中译英技巧-长句翻译(附课后练习及答案)

中译英技巧-长句翻译(附课后练习及答案)

长句含多层意思时分译,使关系更 清晰
• 我们工厂引进了最先进的工艺和设备来提高 印花行业的技术, /我们倡导高科技和高生产 力,//产品质量稳定,///花样美观, /另外我 们还坚持高产低耗的原则。 • Our factory has enhanced the printing technology by bringing in the most advanced workmanship and equipment. We advocate sophisticated technology and high productivity. Our products enjoy stable quality and beautiful patterns. In addition, we adhere to the principle of low cost and high output.

• 这种经营方式的特点是共同投资,共同管理,共 负盈亏,可使双方的关系更为密切,协作更为加 强,对双方都是有利的。 • The features of this form of business are joint investment, joint management and joint share in profits and losses. These will be beneficial to both parties in that their relation will be more close and the cooperation be strengthened.
父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐, 她的男朋友 是什么样的人, 父亲一看就知道。 After all , father has eaten more salt than she over the years. He will be able to tell at a glance whether her boyfriend is a man of character. (worldly-wise)

新英汉翻译教程 第十六章.长句翻译答案

新英汉翻译教程 第十六章.长句翻译答案

顺译法 逆译法 分译法 变序译法
16.3 长句翻译赏析
课堂互动1.用顺译法翻译下列句子 课堂互动2. 用逆译法翻译下列句子 课堂互动3. 用分译法翻译下列句子 课堂互动4.用变序译法翻译列句子
第十六章综合练习及参考译文
短文翻译
--end
第十六章
长句翻译
Translation of Long Sentences
It was… but, Galileo contended… and he attributed…the air
that (主语从句) that…was… (宾语从句) provided…(虚拟条件状语从句) which…greater… (定语从句)
【译文】原先人们曾猜测,不同的物体落到地面上的速度是与各自的 重量成正比的。但是到了十六世纪末,伽利略坚决主张,若重力是惟 一的作用力,则所有物体的降落速度都是相同的,他还认为,人们观 察到的轻物体降落速度较慢是由于空气的阻力引起的,因为空气阻力 对轻物体的影响要比对同样大小同样形状的重物体的影响大得多。 7
14
返回章重点 退出
【解析】 such as are our sense; yet it would be well with us …
Though 让步状语从句
(并列句)
(虚拟条件状语从句)
if
though
并列让步状语从句
and(if)
(并列虚拟条件状语从句)
what…
(名词性从句)
(that)we have resolved
9
返回章重点 退出
Marx discovered the law of development of human history

09级本科翻译——长句的翻译

09级本科翻译——长句的翻译

→由于一路受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几 小时内就占领战略要地的敌人,甚至还 没能占领外围地带。这一事实使我增强 了信心。
(4)插入法 ◆这种方法是指插入原文中没有的标点符 号,如破折号,括号,冒号等,用这种方 法可保持原文的连贯性。 1) When I went to Yenan in summer of 1946, the Anti—Japanese War, and the Second World War of which it was a part, had been over for just a year.
因此,英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点:一是对原文 的准确理解,二是恰如其分地表达。 理解阶段可分为四个步骤: 1.扼要拟出全句的轮廓; 2.根据上下文和全句内容领会其要旨; 3.辨清该长句的主从结构; 4.找出各句之间的从属关系。 表达阶段可分为三个步骤: 1.试将每个划开的单句逐一翻译; 2.将译出的句子进行调整、组合; 3.对译文进行加工润色。
The fierce struggle between aspiration to be an astronomer and aspiration to be a novelist constantly put him into annoyance of which he has got rid by bringing the mental conflict into unity that he may serve as a scientist by profession and an amateur in literature as did Nobel, a noted chemist and simultaneously a poet. 他一面想当天文学家,一面又想当小说家,这 种矛盾曾经在他心中斗争很激烈,经常使他感 到烦恼不安。但他现在却已摆脱了这种苦恼, 思想上的矛盾达到了统一,即在当职业科学家 的同时,还可以当业余的文学爱好者,像诺贝 尔那样,既是化学家,又是诗人。
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概括句+具体细节


农民的生活水平不断提高,大部分农民已解决 了温饱问题,不少农民已过上小康生活。 The living standard of farmers has been continuously improving. The majority have solved the problem of food and clothing and quite a few have already been moderately better off.
父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年盐, 她的男朋友 是什么样的人, 父亲一看就知道。 After all , father has eaten more salt than she over the years. He will be able to tell at a glance whether her boyfriend is a man of character. (worldly-wise)
他很少乘车坐船, 几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭, 长途跋 涉; 为了弄清大自然的真相, 他总是挑选道路艰险 的山区、人迹稀少的森林进行考察 , 发现了许多 奇山秀景。 He would walk across hills and dales , and trudge long distances to find out the true features of the great world of nature. He would venture far out into mountainous areas with the most treacherous trails and into jungles seldom visited by human beings. The reward for his work was the discovery of many fantastically beautiful scenes.
长句的翻译
汉语与英语构句的不同特点
• 英语长句结构: 主语+谓语+修饰语 并列成分或并列句 短语或从句 • 英语主谓关系非常明显,其他成分 通过各种手段(介词、连词、关系 代词、关系副词)同主谓成分挂钩
• 汉语连接词相对少,使用频率也低; • 少用介词而多用动词;
• 结构松散,分句间缺乏应有的形式连 接; • 汉语构句注重意义连贯; • 逻辑顺序:时间先后及因果
长句含多层意思时分译,使关系更 清晰
• 我们工厂引进了最先进的工艺和设备来提高 印花行业的技术, /我们倡导高科技和高生产 力,//产品质量稳定,///花样美观, /另外我 们还坚持高产低耗的原则。 • Our factory has enhanced the printing technology by bringing in the most advanced workmanship and equipment. We advocate sophisticated technology and high productivity. Our products enjoy stable quality and beautiful patterns. In addition, we adhere to the principle of low cost and high output.
原序翻译:
• 按原来的句子顺序将原文译成英文, 而且原文是一个长句,译文保持长 句的形式。原序翻译的基础是,中 国人和英美等西方人在思维方式上 存在共性,或者说,汉语原句本身 隐含着树状结构——主从结构。


这家实业公司建于四年前,隶属上海工业技 术发展中心,注重协调帮助所属企业进行生 产技术的更新、老厂机制的转换,并且参与 投资。 Set up four years ago, and under the Industrial Technology Development Center of Shanghai, this Enterprises helps to coordinate and assist subordinate enterprises in updating production technology, transforming olds, as well as taking part in capital investment.


你可能知道中国一向坚持开放政策并对引 进国外投资采取积极立场,以在平等互利 的基础上与其他国家扩大经济合作和技术 交流。 You are probably aware that China has always persisted in an opening up policy and taken a positive stand to attract foreign investment, with a view to expanding economic cooperation and technical exchange with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.


上海大众汽车公司是一家中德合资企 业,去年汽车产量为十万辆,预计今 年产量可再增加五万两。 Shanghai Volkswagon, a German-Sino joint venture which turned out 100,000 cars last year, is expected to increase production by 50.000.

• 这种经营方式的特点是共同投资,共同管理,共 负盈亏,可使双方的关系更为密切,协作更为加 强,对双方都是有利的。 • The features of this form of business are joint investment, joint management and joint share in profits and losses. These will be beneficial to both parties in that their relation will be more close and the cooperation be strengthened.
另一种态度, 学习的时候用脑筋想一想,学那些和 我国情况适合的东西, 即吸取对我们有益的经验, 我们需要的是这样一种态度。 The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things which suit our conditions , that is , to absorb whatever experience is useful to us. That is the attitude we should adopt .
我在学堂里坐着, 心里也闷, 不如给他家放 牛, 倒快活些。 I feel sitting in school boring anyway. I’d rather look after our neighbor's buffaloes. 前半部分是我在学校里感到闷, 后半部分 是给他家看牛感到快活。译者在中间处断句, 使 两部分内容对比更加清晰。
阐述句+总结(或评论)
要解决问题, 还需做系统而周密的调查研究, 这 就是分析的过程。 In order to solve the problem , it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation. This is the process of analysis. 各种语言嘈杂极了, 有的在吵架, 有的在患难中 谈爱, 真是一个热闹的世界。 In a babel of languages,some quarreled, and some , in spite of the hard times , talked to each other affectionately. It was a very lively p语句内关系不明 显,英语通过使用连词明确表现 出来。汉语分句可独立成句,因 此英译时 1. 透彻理解原文,体会思路,分析 句子内部关系; 2. 根据英语表达习惯重新分译;
含以下句式则分译
• • • • • 陈述+疑问、感叹、或反诘句 概括句 对立句 阐述句 多层次意义句
陈述+疑问、感叹、或反诘句
对立句
• 你们的人参酒质量很好,但包装较差,瓶子 易碎,纸盒太薄,对我们今后的订货,请每 瓶套一只泡沫塑料套,并装在较厚的纸盒内, 否则我们只能放弃这个业务。 The quality of your Ginseng Wine is fine, but its packing is rather poor. Bottles are subject to breakage and the paper boxes are too thin. In our future orders, please put each bottle in a foamed plastic bag before placing it into the cardboard box. Otherwise, we will have to give up this business.
• 中国目前的教育制度可以分为四个阶段:学前教 育,也就是托儿所和幼儿园阶段,然后从六岁开 始六年小学,六年中学和四年大学。 • At present, Chinese educational system can be divided into four stages. Preschool education refers to nurseries and kindergartens. School begins at six and ends at twelve. After that comes the secondary education which lasts for six years, followed by four years of higher education.
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