2019届高考英语第一轮题

高考题型提能练(九)Unit 9Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·河南省普通高中毕业班适应性测试)Is geography important? Here's a question for you to answer.What have the following countries got in common: Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom, Iceland and Madagascar?Quite easy if you can picture them on the globe —they are all islands. All of these nations are surrounded by sea.What have these five nations got in common? Hungary, Botswana, Kazakhstan, Paraguay and Liechtenstein. They are all landlocked. In other words, in contrast to the first five countries whose coastline forms their border, the second five have no coastline at all. If you are a Hungarian or a Paraguayan, you have to pass through somebody else's country if you want to go to the beach.Liechtenstein is even more of a geographical phenomenon; it is “doubly landlocked” because the countries that surround it — Austria and Switzerland are also landlocked. There is only one other country in the world in a similar position, Uzbekistan, which is surrounded by five other landlocked countries. Go and have a look at the map if you want to know which.So how do countries become landlocked? If you are Swiss orNepalese, you have probably never thought things could be any other way. Switzerland's mountains, like the Himalayas, have formed a natural boundary for thousands of years. But there are borders. Where one country ends and another begins is not something that is fixed for all time.There are countries like Ethiopia and Bolivia which did have a bit of coast but don't any more. Does it matter? The Ethiopians are not happy that the creation of Eritrea means they now have to use another country's port, when before they had a long coastline on the Red Sea.But why does coastline matter so much? Throughout history people have preferred to live near the sea, and not just for the fish. Sea means trade, which means wealth. Think of the great successful cities like Singapore, New York or Hong Kong today. Russia has fought several wars over the centuries so that its ships could have access to the Baltic, the Black Sea and the Pacific.________________1.What have countries like Hungary, Botswana, Kazakhstan, Paraguay and Liechtenstein got in common?A.They have no borders.B.They have no coastline at all.C.They are all surrounded by sea.D.They had long coastlines before.2.Which group of the following countries are doubly landlocked ones?A.Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan.B.Iceland and Madagascar.C.Australia and the United Kingdom.D.Austria and Switzerland.3.Why does coastline matter so much?A.Because sea means wealth.B.Because people can eat fish.C.Because borders are fixed all time.D.Because people prefer to live near the sea.4.What's the missing sentence at the end of the text?A.Coastline is the main cause of wars.B.Then what's the disadvantage of coastline?C.Geography, it seems, can make a big difference.D.Perhaps other means of transport can be improved.B(2018·济南市调研考试)Raised by a single mother in Hartford, Fred Wright struggled with behavioral problems and was forced to movefrom one school to another. He even reached a point where he felt like he had nothing to live for.“I was walking around with a lot on my shoulders，” he said.“I couldn't handle it. I didn't care about life anymore.” But all that started to change when Wright met Patricia Kelly.“I was seven when I met Mrs Kelly.I wasn't used to strictness. I wasn't used to hearing the word ‘no’，”said Wright, now 17.Kelly, a former soldier and an equestrian (骑手), took Wright under her wing and helped him find hope in an unlikely place — on a horse.“Wright was like a round peg that everybody kept trying to squeeze into a square hole，”Kelly said.“He was hurting. He needed a place where he could express himself. The riding field became that place for him.”For the last 30 years, Kelly has helped children stay on the right track through her non-profit, Ebony Horse w omen. The program offers horseback riding lessons and teaches animal science to more than 300 young people a year. By exposing those children to horsemanship, Kelly aims to give them an alternative to the streets and an opportunity to turn their lives around.“We use horses as a hook to create pride, esteem and healing，”said Kelly, 66.“They learn that they have ability. They just have to unlock it.”“When you teach a child to ride a horse, they learn they are the center of their environment，”said Kelly.“Once they make that connection, they can change what happens in school, at home and in the community.”5.Why did Fred Wright have to move from one school to another?A.Because his mother couldn't afford the fees.B.Because his parents got divorced.C.Because he behaved badly at school.D.Because he didn't set a life goal.6. How did Patricia Kelly help Fred Wright?A.She provided him with a home.B.She encouraged him to learn science.C.She exposed him to the riding field.D.She found him a better school.7.What do we know about the program Ebony Horse w omen?A.It is intended to make money.B.It was founded by Patricia Kelly.C.It aims to protect the environment.D.It serves as a shelter for homeless kids.8.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A.Horse riding is helpful to the growth of kids.B.Patricia Kelly is a very successful woman.C.Horses are closely related to the environment.D.It is hard for a kid to learn to ride a horse.C(2018·成都外国语学校模拟) “Developed and developing nations can learn from each other seeking a low-carbon economy，” a Chinese government official said in Shanghai yesterday.“China doesn't lag developed nations in terms of energy saving and green economy，”said Zhou Changyi, director of the energy saving department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.“While we can learn many aspects from developed nations, they also should learn something from us, such as water conservation，” Zhou said in a speech during the new Path of China's Industrialization forum at the ongoing China International Industry Fair 2009.He said industrialized nations and China are dealing with different issues to combat climate change. The United Kingdom, for example, is concerned about transport, buildings and new energy in rcing carbon emissions.For China, the most urgent task is how to realize new type of industrialization and avoid mistakes that other countries made when they industrialized.As such, overseas exhibitors at this year's fair are showing ways to help China achieve low-carbon emissions in the industrial section.Swiss power and automation technology group ABB called for a stronger focus on product life cycle assessment, or LCA, which is used to study the environmental impact of a product from the research and manufacturing stage through its usage and recycling.Tobias Becker, head of ABB's process automation division for North Asia and China, said LCA is an effective tool in helping manufacturing industries to rce carbon emissions.LCA shows that industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle instead of on its initial investment or ready to use stage.For example, a motor's initial investment accounts for only 3 percent of its life cycle cost, while 94 percent goes to fuel consumption and the rest to maintenance.Richard Hausmann, North East Asia CEO of Siemens, said：“The color of future industrialization is green.”The Germany Company recently announces that it wants to receive orders worth more than 6 billion Euros (D|S 8.8 billion) for intelligent net power networks, Smart Grid, over the next five years.Siemens has set a20 percent market share target for the global smart grid business.A smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology, advanced sensors specialized computers that saveenergy, rce costs and increase reliability.The United States and China are considered the two biggest markets for smart grid.9.The underlined word “lag”in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”.A.fall behindB.be superior toC.attackD.fear10.Which of the following about LCA is TRUE?A.LCA is used to study the impact on a product.B.LCA can help manufacturing industries decrease carbon release a lot.C.LCA shows industrial customers should focus on a product's environmental influence on its initial investment.D.LCA was one of the exhibitions at this year's fair.11.We can infer from the last paragraph of this passage that ________.A.Siemens has occupied 20 percent market share for the global smart grid businessB.Siemens received orders worth 6 billion Euros recentlyC.Siemens will earn D|S8.8 billion from intelligent power networksD.Siemens' plan about Smart Grid may come true in the future12.The best title for the passage is ________.A.Developed and Developing Nations Can Learn fromEach OtherB.Low-Carbon Economy — a Shared GoalC.Intelligent Power NetworksD.Two Biggest Markets for Smart GridⅡ.任务型阅读(2018·河北邢台市摸底考试)Do's and Don'ts of DonatingGiving up your unused or unwanted stuff is a great way to make space in your home for the items that you do enjoy on a regular basis.1.________ Here are four do's and don'ts of donating your belongings.Do Prep Your ClothesYou've thoroughly cleaned out your closets and drawers, and have a mountain of clothing waiting to be donated. Before you bag up these pieces, inspect each one to ensure that they're in good condition. Make sure all buttons are fastened, and that you can't see any stain. 2.________ Don't Donate Damaged ItemsThe number one rule of donating your stuff is to make sure that it's in a good, usable condition. Don't donate clothes or furniture with rips (裂口), chipped dishes, or books that are missing pages. 3.________ Find a local company that will recycle these items instead.Do Donate More than Just Clothes4.________ Stuffed animals, framed pictures, unused candles, small power tools, sports equipment, ornaments, baskets, blenders, dishes, glassware, silverware, pots and pans, curtains, blankets, toasters, mixers, pillows, towels, bed sheets, bikes, and exercise equipment are very popular donations.5.________With a little common sense it's easy to figure out items that are ideal for donation. But unfortunately some people will throw away the contents of their home without a second thought. As a gentle reminder, it's never a good idea to donate car parts, flammable products, construction materials, weapons, or explosives.A.Nobody wants to inherit your damaged belongings.B.Food donations are always in need.C.Don't Even Think of Donating These ItemsD.Not sure where to start?E.Don't Donate Large AppliancesF.Clothes aren't the only household item that can be donated.G.Wash the items to make them fresh and ready for their new owners.Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·江西省九校联合考试)If you read a newspaper or listen to anewscast (news report) recently, you may hear or read a strange word “staycation”.Staycation is 1.________ new word the American press (newspapers, radio, and television) is using 2.________ (describe) a vacation very close to your own home, 3.________ simply staying at home during your vacation. It is a 4.________ (combine) of the words “stay” and “vacation”.According to many news reports, these staycations are very popular among American families this year. Why? The high price of gasoline for cars and airplanes has made it very expensive for Americans to travel 5.________ (compare) to past years. When you combine this with the weak American dollar, it all adds up to people deciding to stay close to home 6.________ their traditional summer vacations. Of course, some places are more 7.________ (interest) to “stay at home” than others. And if you live in a very small town, well, you may just want to skip your vacation and save your time up to next year!Everything is 8.________ (expense) nowadays, and let's face it —a vacation just may not be in your plan this year. You don't have to give up family fun just because you can't get away; instead, follow my tips for an economical staycation filled with old favorites and new adventures! Staycations 9.________ (achieve) high popularity in current hard economic times in which 10.________ (employ) levels and gas prices are high.Ⅳ.书面表达(2018·河北省七校联合考试)书写是中学生日常学习中很重要的一项技能，而如今，老师、家长、学生对书写的重视程度降低了。