如何选择定语从句的引导词,非常有用!
定语从句系统讲解!原来掌握这3个步骤,轻松学好定语从句
定语从句系统讲解!原来掌握这3个步骤,轻松学好定语从
句
定语从句是英语语法中的一种从句结构,用来修饰主句中的名词或代词。
在这个系统讲解中,我将向您介绍掌握定语从句的三个步骤,以帮助您轻松学好定语从句。
1. 确定引导词:定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose,关系副词有where, when和why。
在确定引导词时,需要根据句子的意思和上下文来选择合适的引导词。
2. 确定引导词在定语从句中的作用:引导词在定语从句中充当一个特定的成分,比如主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
需要根据引导词在定语从句中的作用来确定其形式。
3. 确定定语从句的结构和位置:定语从句可以放在被修饰名词的前面或后面。
如果定语从句放在被修饰名词的前面,通常用逗号将其与主句隔开;如果定语从句放在被修饰名词的后面,就不需要逗号分隔。
在确定定语从句的结构时,需要注意引导词和其后面的从句的语法结构和用法。
以上就是掌握定语从句的三个步骤,通过这个系统的讲解,您可以更轻松地学好定语从句。
希望对您有所帮助!。
怎样快速选准定语从句的引导词
怎样快速选准定语从句的引导词定语从句关系词的选择对初学者来说确实很棘手,但只要掌握了选择是诀窍,就迎刃而解了。
要想快速准确地掌握定语从句关系词的选择,首先要了解和掌握关系词的分类和各个关系词的具体用法。
见下表:●选择诀窍:因为关系词实质上就是代替先行词的词,因此关系词的选择依据是先行词(被定语从句所修饰的词),即根据先行词①指人、指物,还是表地点、时间、原因;②逻辑上在定语从句中作何成分。
2个条件必须同时满足才能确定一个具体的相应关系词。
见下表:①指人、指物,还是表地点、时间、原因先行词关系词②逻辑上在定语从句中作何成分例:1)Who’s the man ( whom/that ) we saw just now?解释:先行词the man①指人,②逻辑上作定语从句we saw just now的宾语。
选关系词应该选一个能代替该先行词的关系词:指人、作宾语,因此可选关系代词whom或that。
2)The man who/that works in the office is a math teacher?解释:先行词the man①指人,②逻辑上作定语从句works in the office的主语,因此可选关系代词who或that(代替the man)。
3)Mary is the student whose handwriting is the best in our class.解释:先行词the student①指人,②逻辑上只可能作定语从句中handwriting的定语,因此可选关系代词whose(代替the student’s)。
4)The desk whose leg is broken is Jim’s desk.解释:先行词the desk①指物,②逻辑上只可能作leg的定语,因此可选关系代词whose(与之匹配)。
5)This is the student whose bike Tom borrowed.、比较:This is the student whom/that Tom borrowed the bike from.解释:在第一个句子中,先行词the student指人,逻辑上作定语从句中bike的定语,因此选用关系代词whose。
定语从句的引导词 如何确定
定语从句的引导词如何确定引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that;关系副词有where, when, why。
它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。
现分述如下:1. 定语从句如果修饰人,常常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who)。
例如:He is a man who / that often helps others. 他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语,就应当用whom或that,但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom。
例如:Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是,如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom。
例如:The boy to whom I spoke is my brother. 刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时,就用who的所有格whose。
例如:Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor? 我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗?whose的先行词也可是物。
例如:The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s. 窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
2. 定语从句如果修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which。
例如:It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand y uan. 这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略。
例如:The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful. 你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。
高中语法突破定语从句引导词的选择与辨析
高中语法突破定语从句引导词的选择与辨析定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构,也是高中英语考试中经常涉及的内容。
而在定语从句中,引导词的选择与辨析则是一个需要注意的问题。
本文将就定语从句的引导词选择与辨析进行详细分析,帮助高中学生突破这一难点。
一、引导词的选择在选择定语从句的引导词时,需要根据从句所修饰的先行词来确定合适的引导词。
下面将列举一些常见的引导词及其用法。
1. 关系代词关系代词包括"that, which, who, whom, whose"等,它们在定语从句中作为主语、宾语、定语等成分。
当先行词是物时,通常使用"that"或"which"。
"that"用于限定性定语从句,它不能省略;"which"用于非限定性定语从句,它可以省略。
例如:The car that I bought yesterday is very expensive.(我昨天买的车非常贵。
)My new laptop, which is very fast, was stolen.(我新买的笔记本电脑,非常快,被偷了。
)当先行词是人时,通常使用"who, whom, whose"。
"who"用于修饰主语,"whom"用于修饰宾语,"whose"用于修饰所有格。
例如:The girl who is laughing is my sister.(笑的那个女孩是我妹妹。
)The man whom I met yesterday is a doctor.(我昨天遇到的那个男人是个医生。
)The doctor whose car was stolen called the police.(被偷车的医生报警了。
)2. 关系副词关系副词包括"when, where, why"等,它们在定语从句中用来修饰时间、地点和原因。
定语从句引导词选择
定语从句引导词选择在汉语语法中,定语从句是一种由引导词引导的修饰性从句,用来给主句中的名词或代词添加进一步的限定或说明。
定语从句引导词的选择非常重要,不同的引导词在句子中起到不同的作用。
下面将介绍常见的定语从句引导词并探讨其使用时的注意事项。
一、关系代词的选择1. 作主语或宾语时:(1)主语:关系代词“who”(指人)或“that”(指人或物)。
(2)宾语:关系代词“whom”(指人)或“that”(指人或物)。
在非正式口语中,也可以使用“who”代替“whom”。
2. 作介词宾语时:关系代词“whom”(指人)或“which”(指物)。
3. 作表语时:关系代词“who”(指人)或“which”(指物)。
4. 作定语时:(1)指人:关系代词“whose”(所有格形式),例如:“The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.”(那个被偷车的人向警察报案了。
)(2)指物:关系代词“whose”(所有格形式)、“which”或“that”,例如:“This is the book whose cover is torn.”(这本书封面被撕破了。
)二、关系副词的选择1. 地点:关系副词“where”,例如:“I still remember the place where we met for the first time.”(我还记得我们第一次见面的地方。
)2. 时间:关系副词“when”,例如:“Do you remember the day whenwe went to the beach together?”(你还记得我们一起去海滩的那一天吗?)3. 原因:关系副词“why”,例如:“He didn't tell me the reason why he was angry.”(他没有告诉我他生气的原因。
)三、注意事项1. 避免重复:在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词所代表的成分应该与先行词在性、数、人称等方面保持一致,并避免重复使用。
定语从句引导词的选择与搭配
定语从句引导词的选择与搭配定语从句是英语中常见的修饰动词、名词、代词等的从句结构。
在定语从句中,引导词的选择和搭配是非常重要的,不同的引导词可以表达不同的含义和语法关系。
本文将探讨定语从句引导词的选择与搭配,以帮助读者正确理解和运用定语从句。
1.关系代词的选择关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。
在选择关系代词时,我们需要根据先行词的类型和在从句中的语法角色来确定。
a) 修饰人的先行词时,可用who或that。
例如:- I have a friend who/that can speak multiple languages.我有一个会说多种语言的朋友。
b) 修饰物的先行词时,用which或that。
例如:- The book which/that is on the table is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的。
2.关系副词的选择关系副词有when, where, why等。
它们用于定语从句中,修饰表示时间、地点、原因等的先行词。
a) 当先行词表示时间时,可用when。
例如:- The day when we met was unforgettable.我们相遇的那一天是难忘的。
b) 当先行词表示地点时,可用where。
例如:- This is the city where I was born.这是我出生的城市。
c) 当先行词表示原因时,可用why。
例如:- This is the reason why he left.这是他离开的原因。
3.不同引导词的搭配a) 当关系代词为主格时,常与介词搭配使用。
例如:- The man in the hat, who/whom I met yesterday, is a famous actor.我昨天遇到的戴帽子的那个人是一位著名的演员。
b) 当关系代词为宾格时,常用于动词或介词的宾语。
例如:- She is the woman whom/who I invited to the party.她是我邀请参加派对的那个女人。
定语从句引导词的选择与语法规则解析
定语从句引导词的选择与语法规则解析定语从句在英语中被广泛使用,用于修饰名词或代词。
在构建和理解定语从句时,选择合适的引导词至关重要。
本文将对定语从句引导词的选择以及相关语法规则进行解析,以帮助读者正确运用定语从句。
一、定语从句引导词的选择1. 关系代词who, whom和whose关系代词who, whom和whose用于修饰人。
其中,who用于主语或宾语位置,例如:- The man who is standing over there is my father.- This is the doctor whom I visited yesterday.而whose用于表示所属关系,例如:- The girl whose bag was stolen reported it to the police.2. 关系代词which和that关系代词which和that用于修饰事物。
which用于非限定性定语从句,其中的信息可以省略而不影响句子的完整性,例如:- I bought a new laptop, which is very powerful.而that用于限制性定语从句,其中的信息不能省略,例如:- The book that is on the table belongs to me.3. 关系代词where和when关系代词where用于修饰地点,when用于修饰时间,例如:- I still remember the city where I was born.- I will never forget the day when we met.4. 关系副词why关系副词why用于修饰原因,通常出现在一个由表示原因的名词、动词或形容词引导的从句中,例如:- I don't know the reason why he quit his job.二、定语从句的语法规则解析1. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用于为前面提到的名词或代词提供额外的信息,不限制或限定其范围。
定语从句的引导词与位置
定语从句的引导词与位置定语从句是英语中一种常见的从句类型,用来修饰名词或代词,起到进一步说明或限定的作用。
在定语从句中,引导词的选择和位置是非常关键的。
本文将就定语从句的引导词与位置进行探讨。
一、引导词的选择定语从句的引导词根据在定语从句中所充当的成分和具体语境来选择。
英语中常见的定语从句引导词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
根据搭配和语境,我们可以选择合适的引导词。
1. who/whom/whose这三个引导词用于修饰人,其中who用于主语,whom用于宾语,whose用于所属关系。
例如:- The man who is standing over there is my brother.- The girl whom I met yesterday is a famous actress.- The boy whose mother is a doctor won the first prize.2. which/that这两个引导词用于修饰物,which用于非限定性定语从句,that用于限定性定语从句。
例如:- This is the book which/that I bought yesterday. (限定性定语从句)- My car, which is black, is parked outside. (非限定性定语从句)二、引导词的位置定语从句的引导词的位置也是需要注意的。
引导词的位置通常有两种情况:紧挨在被修饰词之后,或者放在定语从句的开头。
1. 引导词紧跟在被修饰词之后这种情况通常出现在非限定性定语从句和介词短语后的定语从句中。
例如:- The cat, which is black, is my pet. (非限定性定语从句)- The school in which I study is very famous. (介词短语后的定语从句)2. 引导词放在定语从句的开头这种情况是最常见的,引导词位于定语从句中的第一个词。
定语从句的引导词学习使用不同的引导词引导定语从句
定语从句的引导词学习使用不同的引导词引导定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它在句子中用来修饰名词或代词,给出更加详细或者限定性的信息。
而定语从句的引导词则起着引导和连接定语从句与主句的作用。
本文将学习使用不同的引导词来引导定语从句,并探讨它们在语言表达中的细微差别。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句是使用最广泛的一种情况。
常用的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which和that。
它们分别用于引导修饰人、物、所有格的定语从句。
1. Who/Whom关系代词"who"和"whom"一般用来引导修饰人的定语从句。
"who"用于作主语,"whom"用于作宾语。
例如:- The man who/whom I met yesterday is my teacher.(我昨天碰到的那个男人是我的老师。
)2. Whose关系代词"whose"用来引导修饰所有格的定语从句,表示所属关系。
例如:- The book whose cover is black belongs to me.(封面是黑色的那本书是我的。
)3. Which关系代词"which"用来引导修饰物的定语从句。
例如:- The car which I bought last week is very fast.(我上周买的那辆车非常快。
)4. That关系代词"that"可以用来引导修饰人或物的定语从句,并且在口语和非正式的写作中更常见。
例如:- The dog that I adopted from the shelter is very friendly.(我从收容所领养的那只狗非常友好。
)二、关系副词引导的定语从句除了关系代词,关系副词也可以用来引导定语从句。
关系副词有:where、when和why。
如何选择定语从句的引导词
如何选择定语从句的引导词
选择定语从句的引导词通常需要考虑从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。
以
下是一些建议:
1.先确定引导词的功能:定语从句的引导词可以是关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如when, where, why)。
2.考虑从句的意义和结构:根据从句的意义和结构来选择引导词。
例如,如果从句描述人,可以使用"who"或"that"作为引导词;如果从句描
述物,可以使用"which"或"that"作为引导词。
3.注意主句与从句之间的关系:如果从句补充解释主句中的人或物,
可以使用"that"或"which"作为引导词;如果从句提供进一步的信息或限
制条件,可以使用"who"、"whom"或"whose"作为引导词。
4.注意上下文的语境:上下文的语境可以提供一些线索,选择合适的
引导词。
例如,如果主句已经提到了人的名字,可以使用"who"或"whom"
作为引导词。
5.遵循语法规则:根据英语语法规则选择合适的引导词。
例如,关系
代词"who"可以用于指代人,而关系代词"which"可以用于指代物。
需要注意的是,以上只是一些建议,具体的选择还要根据语境和需要
来决定。
学习和使用定语从句的引导词需要多多练习和积累经验。
定语从句引导词如何选择
定语从句引导词1.who(主格)先行词指人,在定语从句中作主语。
Whom(宾语)先行词指人,定语从句中作宾语。
例句:Is he the man who wants to see you?He is the man (whom)I saw in the reading room yesterday。
(whom作宾语时可省略)2.whose 先行词指人或指物,且只作定语,若指物,可与of which互换。
例句:That is a book whose cover(of which the cover)is red。
3.which 先行词指物,在从句中可作主语,宾语。
例句:The bag which is on the desk is mine.4. that 几乎是万能胶……能代替上述3个引导词,可做主语,宾语。
在此不再举例.that的特殊用法:A There be句型中用that不用whichB 在不定代词(something,anything,all,few,any等)后用that,不用which(something后也可用which)C 先行词有all,every,some,any,only,few或序数词,形容词最高级修饰时,只用thatD 先行词既指人又指物时,用thatE 先行词被the only,the very,the last修饰时,用thatF 避免关联词重复,用thatG 用作关系副词,修饰表示时间的名词(day ,time ,moment……)that可替代when5.when,where,why的先行词是指时间地点和理由的名词,先行词在从句中做状语.能与介词+ which互换.希望这份文档能给你一些帮助!!!。
(知识点)定语从句的引导词及使用方式
(知识点)定语从句的引导词及使用方式定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要知识点,它用来修饰和限定名词或代词。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,根据不同的语境和语气,我们可以选择不同的关系词来引导定语从句。
本文将介绍定语从句的引导词及其使用方式。
1. 引导词"that":定语从句中最常见的引导词是"that",它可以用来引导名词、代词和地点状语的从句。
例如:- The book that is on the table is mine.(引导名词从句)- The man that I met yesterday is a doctor.(引导代词从句)- This is the place that I have been dreaming about.(引导地点状语从句)2. 引导词"which":"which"用来引导非限制性定语从句,对所修饰的名词或代词进行补充解释,通常用逗号与主句分开。
例如:- I have two cats, which love to play with each other.(非限制性定语从句)3. 引导词"who":"who"通常用来引导定语从句修饰人,在从句中作主语。
例如:- The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(引导修饰人的定语从句)4. 引导词"whom":"whom"也用来引导定语从句修饰人,但在从句中作宾语。
例如:- The woman whom you met earlier is our teacher.(引导修饰人的定语从句)5. 引导词"whose":"whose"用来表示所属关系,修饰名词或代词时,表示所属关系。
如何正确使用定语从句
如何正确使用定语从句?定语从句(Adjective Clause)是一个从句,用来修饰名词或代词。
它通常由关系代词(who、whom、whose、which、that)或关系副词(when、where、why)引导,用来进一步说明名词或代词的特定情况。
正确使用定语从句可以使语言更加准确、恰当和自然。
下面是关于定语从句正确使用的一些建议和例句:1. 引导词的选择:- who、whom、whose、that 用于修饰人。
- The girl who/that is standing over there is my sister.(站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。
)- which、that 用于修饰物。
- The book which/that is on the table is mine.(桌子上的书是我的。
)- where 用于修饰地点。
- This is the city where I was born.(这是我出生的城市。
)- when 用于修饰时间。
- The day when we met was unforgettable.(我们相遇的那一天是难忘的。
)- why 用于修饰原因。
- That's the reason why I didn't go to the party.(那是我没有去派对的原因。
)2. 定语从句的位置:-定语从句通常位于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
- The man who I met yesterday is a famous writer.(我昨天遇到的那个人是一位著名的作家。
)3. 定语从句的语序和标点符号:-定语从句的语序和主句基本相同,即主语在前,谓语动词在后。
- The girl who/that is standing over there is my sister.(站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。
)-定语从句和主句之间需要使用逗号或者分号进行分隔。
定语从句中引导词的选择技巧
【导语】以下是⽆忧考整理的《定语从句中引导词的选择技巧》,⼀起来看看吧!根据先⾏词及先⾏词前的修饰词来选择。
① This is the most beautiful place that I visited last year.② This is the place which / that I visited last year.句①中先⾏词 place 前有形容词级修饰,引导词只能⽤ that。
句②中先⾏词 place 前没有形容词级修饰,引导词⽤ which 或 that 均可。
*在下列情况下只能⽤ that ⽽不能⽤ which。
(1)先⾏词前有序数词或形容词级修饰时。
eg. It's the first composition that I have written in English.(2)先⾏词前有 any, all, few, little, the only, the right, the very, the last 等修饰时。
eg. You are the last people that get the chance to attend the party.(3)先⾏词是不定代词 all, some, something, anything, nothing 等时。
eg. There is nothing that I can take away.( 4 )先⾏词中既有⼈⼜有物时。
eg.He told us the people and places that he had visited.( 5 )在 there be 结构中,先⾏词指物时。
eg.There is an apple on the desk that my sister want to eat.( 6 )在由 which, who, whom 等开头的疑问句中。
eg.Which is the book that interests you most?。
如何正确使用定语从句
如何正确使用定语从句?定语从句(Adjective Clause)是指在句子中作为定语的一个从句。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,用来修饰名词或代词。
以下是关于如何正确使用定语从句的详细解释和使用方法:1. 定语从句的引导词:定语从句通常由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。
不同的引导词用于引导不同类型的定语从句。
- who/whom引导的定语从句:The girl who/whom I met yesterday is my classmate.(我昨天遇到的那个女孩是我的同学。
)- whose引导的定语从句:I know a girl whose brother is a doctor.(我认识一个女孩,她的兄弟是医生。
)- which引导的定语从句:The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)- that引导的定语从句:The car that I bought last week broke down.(我上周买的那辆车坏了。
)- where引导的定语从句:This is the school where I studied.(这是我曾经就读的学校。
)- when引导的定语从句:Do you remember the day when we met?(你还记得我们见面的那天吗?)- why引导的定语从句:I don't know the reason why he left.(我不知道他离开的原因。
)2. 定语从句的位置:定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
以下是一些使用定语从句的例子:- The man who/whom I met yesterday is my teacher.(我昨天遇到的那个人是我的老师。
定语从句的引导词及其使用
定语从句的引导词及其使用在英语中,定语从句是一种非常重要的句子结构,用于给名词或代词添加附加信息。
定语从句的引导词在写作和口语表达中扮演着至关重要的角色。
本文将介绍定语从句的主要引导词及其使用方法。
一、引导词的分类在定语从句中,引导词根据其作用和特点可以分为以下四类:关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that);关系副词(where,when,why);关系形容词(whose);禁用与关系副词相同引导定语从句的介词。
1. 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中引导并代替先行词。
根据先行词的人称、性别、数和格,选择使用who,whom,whose,which或that。
例如:- The girl who is standing there is my sister.(那个站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。
)- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。
)2. 关系副词关系副词在定语从句中引导并表示先行词的地点、时间或原因。
根据先行词的不同,使用where,when或why。
例如:- This is the school where I graduated.(这是我毕业的学校。
)- Do you remember the day when we first met?(你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?)- I don't understand the reason why he left.(我不明白他离开的原因。
)3. 关系形容词关系形容词是whose,在定语从句中引导并表示先行词的所属关系。
例如:- She is the girl whose bag was stolen.(她是那个包被偷的女孩。
)4. 禁用与关系副词相同引导定语从句的介词有些介词在定语从句中不能与关系副词一起使用,需要使用其他关系代词。
定语从句的引导词与关系代词的选择总结
定语从句的引导词与关系代词的选择总结定语从句是英语句子结构中常见的修饰手段,用来对一个名词或代词进行进一步的修饰、限定或说明。
在定语从句的构成中,引导词和关系代词的选择起着至关重要的作用。
本文将总结定语从句的引导词与关系代词的选择,并提供一些使用时需要注意的要点。
一、定语从句的引导词选择1. 关系代词"that"的使用采用"that"引导的定语从句在语法上较为宽松,通常用于修饰指人或指物的名词,且该名词是不可数名词或被the修饰的可数名词单数形式。
例句:- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.- The coffee that I had this morning was too bitter.2. 关系代词"which"的使用"which"常用来引导修饰指物的定语从句,并且在从句中作为主语或宾语。
例句:- He showed me his new car, which is very expensive.- The movie, which was released last month, has received great reviews.3. 关系代词"who"的使用"who"常用来引导修饰指人的定语从句,并且在从句中作为主语。
例句:- The woman who is sitting over there is my neighbor.- The students who scored the highest marks will receive a special award.4. 关系代词"whose"的使用"whose"常用来引导修饰指人或指物的定语从句,并且表示所属关系。
定语从句的引导词和位置
定语从句的引导词和位置在中文语法中,定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来进一步限定或描述该名词或代词。
而定语从句的引导词和位置在句子中起着至关重要的作用。
本文将从引导词的选择和定语从句的位置两个方面进行探讨。
一、引导词的选择1. 关系代词的选择关系代词用来引导定语从句,根据其在定语从句中充当的角色和所修饰的名词的人称、数、性等特征来选择。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,引导词使用“主语+定语”或“物主代词+定语”。
例如:- The book that/which she is reading is very interesting.- The car whose tires were stolen has been repaired.当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词使用“宾语+定语”或“介词+关系代词”。
注意,介词+关系代词结构中的介词通常不能省略。
例如:- That is the house (which/that) I used to live in.- The company for which I work is located in Beijing.2. 关系副词的选择关系副词有when、where、why和how。
它们用来引导定语从句,修饰时间、地点、原因和方式等内容。
例如:- I still remember the day when we first met.- This is the park where we had a picnic last summer.- Do you know the reason why he left?二、定语从句的位置定语从句可以放在名词之前或之后,这取决于修饰的名词在整个句子中的语法角色。
当定语从句起修饰作用时,通常放在被修饰名词之后,即所谓的“后置定语从句”。
例如:- The girl who is reading a book is my sister.- The house (which/that) we visited yesterday is very old.除了后置定语从句,有时还可以使用前置定语从句。
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如何选择定语从句的引导词?一、定语从句的引导词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as;关系副词when,where,why。
定语从句中引导词的选用主要看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分或者是定语从句中缺什么成分。
1.定语从句中缺主语,修饰人时用who /that,修饰物时用which /that引导。
如:Is this the factory which /that makes TV sets?The man who /that visited our school is from Australia.2.从句中缺宾语,修饰人时用who /whom /that或省略引导词;修饰物时用which /that或省略引导词。
如:Gone are the days which /that we spent together in the village.He is the man who /whom /that I think to be worthy of our praise.3.从句中缺时间状语,用when或介词+which引导。
如:The day finally came when /on which I was given a job.We'll put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy.4.从句中缺地点状语,用where或介词+which引导。
如:Please put the letter on the desk where /on which he can easily find it.5.从句中缺原因状语或先行词是reason时,引导词用why /for which /that。
如:This is the reason why /for which /that he didn't come to the meeting.6.从句中缺定语,人和物都用whose引导。
如:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.7.当先行词是way时,其定语从句的引导词用in which /that。
如:The way in which /that he looks at problems is wrong.二、引导词as可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。
1.在固定词组the same...as,such...as中,as引导限制性定语从句。
如:He is not such a fool as he looks.I've bought the same dress as she is wearing.2.当先行词是整个主句时,可用as /which引导非限制性定语从句。
引导词as和which的区别在于:①as引导的非限制性定语从句可放于主句前、主句中、主句后,而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般放于主句后或句中。
②as常与从句中的know,see,hear,expect等动词连用,也常用于as often happens,as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中;而which一般不用于以上情况。
③as有“正如”的含义,which没有此含义。
如:As is well known,Shanghai is a big city.Some of the roads were flooded,which made our journey more difficult.三、关系代词who,whom,whose,which和as能引导非限制性定语从句,而that不能;非限制性定语从句中即使缺宾语,引导词也不能省略;关系副词when,where能引导非限制性定语从句,而why不能。
如:Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through the Civil War years,was shot on April 14,1865.四、先行词是物时,其引导词可用which也可用that,通常情况下二者可互换,但在有些情况下不能。
1.用which不用that引导定语从句的三种情况:①非限制性定语从句用which,不用that引导。
如:Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.②先行词为that时,为了避免重复,定语从句用which不用that引导。
如:That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace.③介词后用which不用that引导。
如:The method with which you solved the problem is very good.2.用that不用which的七种情况:①先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,用that不用which引导。
如:This is the best place that I have ever visited.The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth.②先行词为little,much,all,none,few,(the)one,something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代词时,用that引导。
如:There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.③先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时,用that引导。
如:He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited.④先行词前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little,much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等词修饰时,用that引导。
如:This is the very coat that I need.Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?⑤先行词为which时,为了避免重复,用that引导。
如:Which is the book that you bought yesterday?⑥先行词在从句中作表语时,常用that引导。
如:Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's.⑦当主句是There be...句型时,用that引导。
There are two tickets for the film that are for you two.五、在“on e of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词应与复数名词保持一致;当one前有the only修饰时,从句的谓语动词应与the only one保持一致。
如:He was one of the students who were late for class.He was the only one of the students who was late for class.六、引导词前有介词或短语介词时,修饰人只能用whom,修饰物只能用which 引导。
如:My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.The man,by whom the wolf was shot,is called Jackson.54. The Beatles, __________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006天津卷)A. whatB. thatC. howD. as55. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, __________ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. (2006江苏卷)A. whoB. thatC. asD. which56. Women __________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those __________ d on’t. (2006北京卷)A. who; 不填B. 不填; whoC. who; whoD. 不填; 不填57. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house __________ roof is under repair. (2006福建卷)A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. what58. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, __________ we gave some bells and glasses. (2006湖南卷) A. to which B. to whomC. with whomD. with which59. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students __________ Chinese in the school, most __________were from Germany. (2006辽宁卷)A. study; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom60. We’re just trying to reach a point __________ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东卷)A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which61. She was educated at Beijing University, __________ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006陕西卷)A. after whichB. from whichC. from thatD. after that62. I was given three books on cooking, the first __________ I really enjoyed. (2006浙江卷)A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which63. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction __________ she had come. (2006重庆卷)A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which64. You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, __________ is always busy at the weekend. (2006上海卷)A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which65. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?—Yes, there’s one point __________ we must insist on. (2006江西卷)A. whyB. whereC. howD. /66. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, __________ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)A. none of themB. both of themC. none of whomD. neither of whom67. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of__________ are healthy. (2007北京卷)A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whom68. The village has developed a lot __________ we learned farming two years ago. (2007福建卷)A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where69. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, __________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. (2007湖南卷) A. who B. whichC. whatD. that70. He was educated at the local high school, __________ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏卷)A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that71. After graduation she reached a point in her career __________ she had to decide what to do. (2007江西卷)A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where72. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, __________ they learn simple games and songs. (2007全国I)A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where73. —Where did you get to know her?—It was on the farm __________ we worked. (2007山东卷)A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where74. The book was written in 1946, __________ the education system has witnessed great charges. (2007山东卷)A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when75. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases __________ beginners o f English fail to use the language properly. (2007陕西卷)A. whichB. asC. whyD. where76. It is reported that two schools, __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川卷)A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which77. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity__________ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷)A. whenB. whoseC. whichD. where78. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, __________ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007浙江卷)A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where79. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree__________ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007重庆卷)A. with whichB. to whichC. of whichD. for which【答案与详解】1—53 (略)54. D。