介词引导的定语从句 -答案

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一．介词选择的主要标准

1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配

Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play )

The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job )

2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配

Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？( shake hands with sb. )

Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(suffer from sth. )

3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配

Ours is a beautiful country , of which we are greatly proud . 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪。( be proud of )

The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. 同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。( be married to )

The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor. 他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(be engaged to )

4.有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配

I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she had ran back in the direction from which she had come.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。（如果仅注意先行词，很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in this direction 的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come ，则应该使用from。）

He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 他在当地一所高中上学，之后他上了北京大学。（after which 的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”）。

In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm. by which time many have got home.在

办公室我好像总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半，而那个时候大家都已经回家了。（此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而选用介词at, 而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。）5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of

The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月，其中航行的时间是226天。

The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中的（指50万双鞋）80%销往海外。

I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom

were from Germany.我被告知这个学校有大约50个外国学生在学习中文，其中大多数来自德国。

I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen. 我有很多朋友，其中有些是生意人。二．介词不能提前的情况

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前放在which（指事物不能用that）或者whom(指人不能用who)之前，也可放于原来的位置，但在含有介词的动词固定短语中，由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密，一般不能将介词与动词拆开而将介词提到关系代词之前。这类短语动词有listen to/look at/depend on/take care of/look into/break into/get rid of/look forward to等。

This is the room which/that Lu Xun used to live in.(=This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live.)这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。

The man

一、基本构成

1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。

（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

（2）The city in which she lives is far away.

（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.

注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中

when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,on,during等）+which；

Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；

Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which

(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。

I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when)

(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。

This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where)

(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why

注意：

1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开, 介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如: look for, look after, take care of，pay attention to, look forward to 等。

This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.

2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词,表示先行词的一部分或全部。

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

二．介词的选择

关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义（重中之重）

1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。

I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)