材料专业常用词汇讲课讲稿

材料专业常用词汇

材料科学 Material Science

材料科学定义Material Science Definition

强度 Strength

抗腐蚀及耐用 Corrosion & resistance durability

金属特性 Special metallic features

抗敏感及环境保护 Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection

化学元素 Chemical element

元素的原子序数 Atom of Elements

原子及固体物质 Atom and solid material

原子的组织图 Atom Constitutes

周期表 Periodic Table

原子键结合Atom Bonding

金属与合金 Metal and Alloy

铁及非铁金属 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal

晶体结构，晶格及单位晶胞Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 金属晶格Metal space lattice

晶格常数 Lattice constant

米勒指数 Mill's Index

金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule

固熔体 Solid solution

置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution

间隙固熔体 Interstitial solid solution

金属间化物 Intermetallic compound

相变 Transformation

相变点 Transformation Point

磁性相变Magnetic Transformation

同素相变Allotropic Transformation

热平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium

自由度 Degree of freedom

临界温度 Critical temperature

共晶 Eu tectic包晶温度 Peritectic 亚共晶体 Hypoeutectic Alloy 过共晶体 Hypereutectic Alloy

塑性变形 Plastic Deformation

滑动面 Slip Plan

畸变 Distortion

晶体结构:

晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell,

点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point,

密排六方hexagonal close-packed,

六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,

体心立方body-centered cubic, 面心立方face-centered cubic,

晶系crystal system,

相变机理Phase transformation mechanism:

成核生长相变nucleation–growth transition,

有序无序转变disordered-order transition,

马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，

成核势垒nucleation barrier,

晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal,

基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,

子晶，雏晶matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种seed crystal,

耔晶取向seed orientation, 籽晶生长seeded growth,

均匀形核homogeneous nucleation, 异质形核hetero geneous nucleation 自恰场self-consistent field

缺陷defect, imperfection, 点缺陷point defect,

线缺陷 line defect, 位错 dislocation,

位错排列dislocation arrangement,

位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,

位错聚结dislocation coalescence,

体积膨胀volume dilation,体积收缩volume shrinkage,

回火tempering, 退火annealing,

淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,

正火normalizing, normalization, 人工时效artificial aging,

回复 Crystal Recovery 再结晶 Recrystallization

形变热处理ausforming, 等温退火austempering,

奥氏体austenite, 奥氏体化austenitizing,

贝氏体bainite, 马氏体淬火marquench, 马氏体退火martemper, 马氏体时效钢maraging steel, 渗碳体cementite, 铁素体 ferrite 扩散系数diffusivity, 烧结sintering,

相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures ,

吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,

吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy, 吉布斯函数Gibbs function,

相界phase boundary, 相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking,

共格相 phase-coherent, 相衬phase contrast,

相变滞后phase transition lag,

显微结构microstructures,

不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution,

金属材料的性能及试验 Properties & testing of metal

化学性能 Chemical Properties 物理性能 Physical Properties 磁性 Magnetism

比电阻 Specific resistivity & specific resistance

比重 Specific gravity & specific density

电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,

应力和应变stress and strain,

弹性应变elastic strain,

塑性应变plastic strain,