(完整版)省略句精讲
高中英语知识点归纳省略句的分类与用法
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高中英语知识点归纳省略句的分类与用法高中英语知识点归纳——省略句的分类与用法一、省略句概述省略句,指在句子中省略掉其他成分,只保留部分成分或不保留任何成分的句子,是英语中常见的一种句子结构。
省略句的使用可以简化句子结构,提高语言的表达效果,但在实际应用中需要注意使用的准确性和合理性。
省略句的分类与用法主要包括以下几个方面:二、主语、宾语和谓语的省略1. 主语的省略在一般现在时和一般过去时的陈述句、祈使句和感叹句中,当主语是代词时,常常可以省略主语。
例如:(1) Got it.(2) Good idea!2. 宾语的省略在一些交际性较强的场合,特别是口语中,常常可以省略动词的宾语。
例如:(1) Can you lend me a pen? → Can you lend me?(2) I saw the movie last night. → I saw last night.3. 谓语的省略在上下文已经明确的情况下,可以省略谓语动词。
例如:(1) Have you finished your homework? → Yes, I have.(2) I didn't see you at the party. → No, I didn't.三、定语和状语的省略1. 定语的省略当被修饰语已经被前面提及或上下文中明确时,可以省略定语从句中的关系代词或连词。
例如:(1) The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. → The book I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(2) The girl who is wearing a r ed dress is my sister. → The girl wearinga red dress is my sister.2. 状语的省略在某些情况下,可以省略状语从句或状语从句中的一些成分。
高中英语知识点归纳省略句的种类与用法
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高中英语知识点归纳省略句的种类与用法省略句是英语中常见的一种语法现象,它通过省略句中的某些成分来简化表达,使语言更加简洁明了。
在高中英语学习中,掌握省略句的种类与用法对于理解和应用英语语法非常重要。
本文将对高中英语知识点归纳省略句的种类与用法进行详细介绍。
一、省略句的定义和作用省略句是指在句子中省去了主语、宾语、状语或其他成分的一种特殊句型。
省略句的作用主要体现在简化表达、增加语言的凝练性、保持语言的流畅性和提高交际效果等方面。
二、主语的省略1. 当句子中的谓语动词是不及物动词或系动词时,常常将句中的主语省略,只保留谓语动词。
例如:- He runs faster than me.- Tom is a student.2. 当句子的主语与前面的句子主语相同,并且句子成分一致时,可以将主语部分省略。
例如:- Mary likes singing. (Mary is the subject of the second sentence)三、宾语的省略1. 当句子中的谓语动词是及物动词,而且宾语内容已经在上下文中明确或为了避免重复而省略时,可以将宾语省略。
例如:- Can you speak French? Yes, I can. (French is the object of speak)四、状语的省略1. 当句子中的状语从句与主句的主语或宾语一致时,可以将状语从句中的主语或宾语省略。
例如:- He speaks English better than I (do). (I is the subject of do)- She likes swimming more than her sister (does). (Her sister is the subject of does)2. 当句子中的状语从句与主句的谓语动词一致时,可以将状语从句中的谓语动词省略。
例如:- I work harder than you (do). (Do is the verb of the subordinate clause)五、被动语态的省略1. 当句子中的被动语态中的被动助动词和be动词前面有介词时,可以将be动词和介词省略。
高考英语省略句讲解课件
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• The police found that the house had been broken into and a lot of things had been stolen. • One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, • and the other should be painted white.
(二)并列句中的省略 两个并列分句中, 两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前 一分句中 相同的部分。 相同的部分。 e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. They don’t agree with you, neither do I. 他们不同意你的意见,我也不同意。 She was poor but (she was) honest. 她贫穷但很诚实。
•
(2)当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词 时,可 当从句主语是 谓语动词有含有系动词 谓语动词有含有系动词be时 可 系动词be一起省略 以把 it系动词 一起省略。此时构成连词( if , 系动词 一起省略。此时构成连词( unless, when, where, whenever) , ) +possible/necessary的结构。 的结构。 的结构 Unless(it is )necessary,you’d better not ( , refer to the dictionary. Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary. If possible, bring me a pair of gloves.
省略句状语从句有关的省略句知识点总结讲义高考英语语法二轮复习
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高中英语语法高考二轮复习省略句考点讲义【精讲版】状语从句有关的省略句知识点总结状语从句可能涉及的三类省略一、省略主语和动词be当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句谓语包括有动词be时,有时可省略从句中的主语和动词be。
如:Phone me if (it is) necessary. 必要时给我打电话。
Start when (you are) ready. 准备好了就开始。
He danced about as if (he was) in search of something. 他向四周望望,仿佛在找什么似的。
Though (he was) intelligent, he was very poorly educated. 虽然他很聪明,受的教育却很差。
注:有时省略的可能是 there is, it is 等。
如:There is few if (there is) any. 如果有也很少。
Fill in the application as (it is) instructed. 按照要求填好表格。
As (it is) scheduled they met on January 20. 他们按照计划在1月20日碰头。
二、结果状语从句省略thatso that, so…that, such…that引导结果状语从句时,有时可省略that。
如:I am so busy (that) I have no time to write a letter. 我是那样忙,写信的时间都没有。
He was so drunk (that) he could barely stand. 他喝醉了,勉强能站立。
The girls are so close (that) they’re like sisters.女孩们亲如姐妹。
There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn't go out. 雨那么大,我们没法出去。
演示文稿高中省略句详解课件
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• ----He ought to have been (a soldier).
第18页,共33页。
2. 省略不定式符号to。
• ①并列不定式,第一个带to,后面的省略to。
• i.e. • My work is to look after the children and (to) teach them
• 1.在know,think,consider,suppose, find,believe,say,decide等动词后面 所接的宾语从句中,连词that可以省略; 若带有多个宾语从句,只有第一个that可 以省略,其余的不省略。
• i.e.
• He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .
• 2.若主语不同而谓语助动词、情态动词相同,则省 略后面的助动词或情态动词。
• i.e.
• Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework .
第6页,共33页。
• 3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主 谓成分。
advice ), he would be a college student now .
③Were she my daughter (=if she were my daughter), I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad .
第9页,共33页。
四、定语从句中的省略
第8页,共33页。
省略句(完整归纳)
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多变的省略句高考常考内容:1.省略主语,主谓语或主谓的一部分 2.不定式符号to的省略 3.不定式结构中动词的省略4.状语从句中的省略5.定语从句中关系词的省略6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略7.考查not, so, neither, nor的“替代性”省略掌握好省略句,应注意以下几条:1.感官动词或使役动词(如:notice, hear, let, make)等后接不定式作宾补时省略to,被动时to不能省略。
2.在pre fer to do rather than…, cannot help but…do, nothing …but等句型中常省略to。
3.为避免重复,作某些动词(hope, want)等宾语或(tell, order, ask)的宾补时,省略不定式短语,只保留to.4.应注意状语从句、定语从句中的省略。
5.注意not ,so ,neither, nor的“替代性”省略。
6.状语从句中,如果谓语含动词be,主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it,从句中主语和be一齐省略。
7.常见的省略形式:(1)If (it is)possible[如果可能的话];(2)If (it is) necessary[如果必要的话];(3)If any: 例: Correct the mistakes in the passage if (there is) any (mistakes)比较:Do you have anything to say? (不知道对方是否有话要说,) Do you have something to say?(认为对方有话要说.)一、替代省略1. 用it, one, that,ones, those替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子。
one是指代同名称的另一样东西(同类异物),代替前面句子中重复出现的可数名词;that替代特指可数或不可数名词,后面常跟有in或of短语作后置定语;it指代同名称的同样事物(同类同物)。
(完整版)状语从句的省略(精讲精练)
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(完整版)状语从句的省略(精讲精练)状语从句的省略一:状语从句中的省略省略句的规则1.当从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语为it).2.从句谓语中包含be动词.如:be doing,be done, be to do, be +adj在此种情况下可以省去从句的主语和be动词.保留be之后的部分,被保留部分常为现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词等。
1. Don’t speak until(you are)spoken to .2. I’ll buy a TV set if (it is )necessary.3. While(I was )walking walking alone in the street, I heard my name called.4.Tom raised his hand as if (he was ) to say something.二:常见的几种状语从句的省略1.when,while,as, until引导的时间状语从句的省略while(they are)visiting the city.they reeeived a warm welcomwhen(he was)asked why he was late,he kept silent.●注意After finishing his homework,he went home happily.Before being repaired, the TV set needs a careful examination.2.if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句的省略Onee(it is)begun.it must be done well.Unless(you are invited) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Correct mistakes, if any.3.though,although,even if,even though引导的让步状语从句的省略Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him touniversity.4.as though,as if,as引导的方式状语从句的省略He shook his head as if (he was)to say: “Don’t trust her”.She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry.He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time.You should finish the homework as (you are)required.5. than引导的比较状语从句的省略They sent us much more materials than required.1._____________________ (在北京的时候), I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.2. ____________________(当是个年轻人的时候), Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.3.He has no money_____(要是有的话), he will give us.4._____________(除非修理), the machine is of no use.5. _______________________(要是给更多的关注), The boy could have turned out better.6. A girl stood at the gate of the school as if _________ _____________________(跟老师讲话).7.这次展览比预料的有趣.8..她张开嘴好象要大哭起来.9.除非邀请,否则我不会去参加这次晚会.10.明天早点起来,要是不起来的话,你就赶不上第一班车了.11当我在做作业时,我听到有人喊救命.12.他篮球打得即使没你好,也起码一样好.1.When ________ , the museum will open to the public next year . (complete)2.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _______every day. (water)3. The boss, not the workers should be responsible for the accident. They just carried out the order as__(tell4. When _______what they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. ( ask)5.One day while ________(work) at the cash register in the gift shop,I saw an elderly couple.6.When_______(finish),the knot looks identical from both the front and back.7.They promise to take action,_____needed, to maintain financial stability in the euro area as a whole.8.The building was still shaking while I_______(walk) along the road.9.Friendship is like money: easier made than _____ .(keep)10.When I was at your age my father told me that I should go and work wherever ____ most. (need)二since,before,after引导的状语从句有时可以变成介词短语或分词短语。
高中英语语法精讲——省略句
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省略句定义:省略是一种修辞手段,省略的使用是为了避免重复。
同时,不损害句子结构,不会引起歧义。
一.功能词的省略1.冠词的省略1)两个并列名词前面都有冠词时,第二个名词前的冠词常可以被省略。
Can we have a medical examination at home without a doctor or (a) nurse?家里没有医生或护士我们能进行医疗检查吗?注意:有些句子如果省略了第二个冠词,会误认为指同一个人,省略时应注意。
They are the gardener and the gatekeeper.他们一个是花园园丁,一个是门卫。
2)表示头衔、职位,而不是这个职业所具体指的那个人时,常省略冠词。
Mary, head of our team, was determined to give up this game.我们的队长玛丽决定放弃这一局比赛。
2.介词的省略1)yesterday afternoon/evening/morning, Sunday, Saturday等时间名词前的介词常省略。
She started work (on) last Monday.她从上个星期一开始工作。
2)for引导的表示一段时间的名词短语,一般for可以省略。
I stayed in Washington (for) four years.我在华盛顿待了四年。
注意:在句首或在否定句中时,“for+一段时间”的短语中不能省略for.I haven't heard from him for a long time.我很长时间没有收到他的来信了。
For a whole year, I was helping my dad on the farm.一整年我都在农场帮我爸爸。
3)of与age, size, color, height, material, shape等表示大小、长短、颜色、年龄、形状、高度等的名词连用时,常被省略。
省略句的构成和使用详解省略句的构成方式和省略规则
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省略句的构成和使用详解省略句的构成方式和省略规则省略句是指在语言表达中,由于前后句意的关联和语境的理解,可以通过省略部分成分而使句子表达更加简练、流畅的一种句式。
省略句在日常交流和书面语中被广泛使用,正确地运用省略句可以使文章更加简明扼要,增强语言的表达力。
本文将详细解析省略句的构成方式和使用规则。
一、省略句的构成方式省略句的构成方式有以下几种常见的情况:1.省略主语或主语代词在日常交流中,当主语已经明确或者上下文中已经提到的情况下,可以省略主语。
例如:"你喜欢吃苹果吗?" -> "喜欢。
"2.省略谓语或谓语动词当谓语或谓语动词已经明确或者上下文中已经提到的情况下,可以省略谓语。
例如:"他跑了一圈,我也一样。
" -> "他跑了一圈,我也一样。
"3.省略宾语或宾语代词当宾语已经明确或者上下文中已经提到的情况下,可以省略宾语。
例如:"你喜欢吃蛋糕吗?" -> "喜欢。
"4.省略状语或状语从句当状语或状语从句已经明确或者上下文中已经提到的情况下,可以省略状语或状语从句。
例如:"他去上海了,我去北京。
" -> "他去上海了,我(去)北京。
"二、省略句的使用规则除了上述的省略方式外,还有一些省略句的使用规则需要注意:1.上下文的衔接和逻辑关系在使用省略句时,要特别注意上下文的衔接和逻辑关系。
省略句的使用应该在确保逻辑清晰和句子通顺的前提下进行。
2.语境的清晰和理解使用省略句时,要确保句子的语境清晰并且能够被读者准确理解。
如果省略过度或者语境不明,可能会导致读者的理解困惑。
3.避免歧义和误解在使用省略句时,要注意避免造成歧义和误解。
有时候,省略过度可能会导致读者产生不同的解读,因此在使用省略句时要审慎选择。
4.遵循语法规则省略句的使用虽然可以简化表达,但也要遵循基本的语法规则。
英语省略句讲解ppt课件
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What they want to do is (that) they go to play basketball.
2、不定式符号to的省略
①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。 e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
9、情态动词should的省略
insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, demand, require, request, ask. It’s necessary/important/impossible/strange/ natural/a pity…
2、Omitting the Predicative(表语)
(1)–Is he a teacher ? --Yes, he is (a teacher ).
(2) His sister isn’t lazy, nor is his brother (lazy).
3. Omitting the Object(宾语)
10、同时省略几个成分。
e.g. Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. ---- Have you finished your work? ---- (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.
(二)并列句中的省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略。
e.g. (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.
2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分,用so或not (切不可用it或that)代替。
高中英语语法省略句课件(共41张PPT)
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• 11.The teacher told us to remain silent
unless _____C___.
• A.to be asked B.being asked
C.asked
D.you asked
answers:
singer: it was a real opportunity for me to be cast. it had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in turandot.
特殊文体中的省略
Signs
no smo is allowed here.
This is a one-way street.
Instructions
Put this side up, please.
Please handle this with care.
Headlines
Houses destroyed in weekend storms.
• 巩固一下:
• 1.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise ,if ________regularly, can improve our health.(2010浙江卷)
• A. being carried out B. carrying
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
3. ---What’s the matter with Della?
--- Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go
专题省略句完美版PPT
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❖ 2. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构:
❖ a) 在以if, when, though, as if(好象)等连词 引导的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是be ,常将 主语和动词be 省略。
❖ If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。
I’ll give you all that I have. 他一有可能就来帮助我。 (am之省略tall,补上不合习惯) 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。
We’ll do the best we can. (wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes)
Notes
❖He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走,如果他愿意的话。
❖Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫 你走你再走。
❖ 让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。 (wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes)
❖ He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.
❖ 那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。 (the rest后面省略了定语of the money)
He was not hurt. Strange! ❖ c) 在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号to。 他没有受伤,真奇怪! 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。
1. Who next? 该谁了?(Who后面省略了 谓语comes)
2. The river was deep and the ice thin. (ice后面省略了was)
(完整版)英语中省略句的用法与讲解
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省略句(elliptical sentences)定义:省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。
按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,为了避免重复、突出新信息使上下文紧密连接的修辞手段。
省略的部分:单词、短语、分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断一、哪些部分可以省略(一)省略单词1、省略介词He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。
I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。
2、省略连词I believe (that) you will succeed .我相信你们会成功的。
It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。
I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。
3、省略关系代词I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
二、省略句子成分1、省略主语Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。
(Beg 前省略了主语I )Take care! 当心!(Take 前省略了主语you )Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。
(Looks 前省略了主语it )2、省略谓语Who next? 该谁了?(Who 后面省略了谓语comes )The river was deep and the ice thin. (ice 后面省略了was )We ' ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。
(can 后面省略了动词do )3、省略表语Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗?我准备好了。
省略句考点讲义:if…类省略结构用法研究知识点总结-高考英语语法二轮复习专题
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高中英语语法高考二轮复习省略句考点讲义【精讲版】if…类省略结构用法研究知识点总结一、if + 形容词这类结构通常可视为在if与形容词之间省略了“主语+动词be的适当形式”。
如:Send the goods now if ready.= Send the goods now if they are ready. 货物如已备好,请即送来。
If true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.= If it is true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. 这事若是事实,它将给我们造成许多麻烦。
注:这类省略结构中有的已构成相对固定的搭配,if necessary (如果需要),if possible (如果可能)等。
如:If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要,可往我家里打电话。
If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能,可在事前通知我。
二、if + 过去分词其中的过去分词可视为是被省略的被动结构,即在if与形容词之间省略了主语和助动词be。
如:He will come if asked.= He will come if he is asked. 他如被邀就会来。
The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.=The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time. 这药要是能按时服用,效果是很好的。
三、if + 代词这类省略通常要根据具体的上下文来理解。
如:If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道,那就是他了。
There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人,如有的话,也不多了。
高考英语语法之省略知识精讲讲义
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二十五、省略知识精讲为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去某些成分,这在英语中叫做省略。
一、在and连接的句子中,为避免重复常省略相同的部分(主语等)She set out soon after dark and arrived home an hour later.二、状语从句中的省略1.在while, when, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if,as, whether 等引导的状语从句中,若谓语动词有be,而主语又与主句的主语相同或主语是it时,常省略从句的主语和be,成为“连词+非谓语动词/形容词”形式作状语。
Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected.如果有错误,就应该改正2.在as,than,however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分the speaks English better than anyone else(speaks)in the class.她英语讲得比班上其他人3.虚拟语气条件句中常省略if将were.should,had提到主语前构成倒装语序三、定语从句中的省略.1.在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的that,which,whom 可省略,在the same...as 和such.. as 引出的某些定语从句中可省略与主句相同的部分I don't like such a book as this (is).我不喜欢这样的一本书.定语从句中、“关系代词作主语+系动词be”可以省略,成为现在分词短语(表主动)或过去分词短语(表被动)作后置定语The goods (which were) ordered last month haven't arrived yet. 上个月订购的货物还未到I know the boy (who is) sleeping there.四、名词性从句的省略在know,think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide 等动词后面接的宾语从句中,连词that可省略,若带有多个宾语从句,只能省第一个that,其余的不能省。
完整版高中英语语法省略句课件.ppt
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复合句中的省略
1.复合句中的省略现象常见于从句中,主句中的省略通常出 现在句首。 Hope you will have a good journey. 2.有时整个主句都可省略, 这种省略通常出现在简短答语 中。 —Are you going to buy the house? —Unless my wife objects.
2. (2014·湖南高考)Children, when______by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A. to be accompanied
B. to accompany
C. accompanying
D. accompanied
George will (take the course) and Bob might take the course.
2.省略动词 + 宾语或补语 I will buy a house. He will (buy a house) too. 3.省略主语 + 谓语动词 We still have shortcomings, and (we have) very big ones, too. 注意:出现在并列句中的be, have, do,如果在一个分句中作 助动词,而在另一个分句中作行为动词,不可省略。 4.省略主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 They tried to prevent the pollution, but (they did) not (prevent the pollution) very successfully at the beginning.
省略
省略
定义
为了避免重复,突出关键词语,并使上下文紧密连接, 在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手 段就称为省略。省略是重要的修辞原则,因此,只要不损 害语法结构,不产生歧义,能省略的就应省略。
(完整版)省略句语法讲义
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省略句讲义定义在英语中,为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分,这种现象叫省略。
如:Beg you pardon.Sounds like a good idea.一简单句中的省略1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略Doesn’t matter.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。
如:What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?3、省略表语。
–Are you thirsty? – Yes, I am .His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister .4、同时省略几个成分Let’s meet at the same place as yesterday.–Have you finished your work ?–Not yet.二并列句中的省略1、两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer. (省略相同的谓语动词)三复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略,如:Sorry to hear you are ill.Pity that he missed such a good chance.常见的有:if possible. If necessary. What for? = why?主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替-Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?-I think so.这种用法常见的有:How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe /hope not. Why not? If so. If not.等等。
2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词that,但当有两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个that则不能省略。
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高二英语上省略句精讲省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。
按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。
其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。
省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断。
“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法,而且也是一种简便至极,“虽无胜有”的修辞手段。
如果弄不清一句中哪些部分省略了,就可以产生误解或歧义。
下面从翻译角度谈谈一些比较特殊的省略。
一、原文“空缺”,译文“增补”两个主语不同的句子,谓语有相同部分,也有不同部分,如果用连词连接起来进行对比,则其相同部分在后面分句中可以省略,这样,后面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。
“空缺”处通常被省略的是动词,或动词及其宾语、补足语等。
汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。
例如:A sound must be heard,a colour seen,a flavour tasted,an odour inhaled.,颜色必须目视,滋味必须口尝,气味必须鼻吸。
(后三句省略must be)Histories make men wise;mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend.;数学使人精细;逻辑和修辞使人善辩。
(原文后两句省略make men)二、英语状语从句中的省略部分可不译than引出的比较从句中,套有when引导的时间从句或if引导的条件从句,而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。
例如:My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了(...than后面省略了he was)三、对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活,指的是按正常语法规则分析,有的无法增补,有的要用不同的方式来增补,使之成为完全句。
因此,汉译英时,视上下文加以灵活处理。
1.“宾语+主语+谓语……and +谓语”结构其中and连接的,是用作不同成分的同一个词,这个词既是第一分句的宾语,又是第二分句的主语。
此结构的特点是,把宾语提到句首,使之兼任后一分句的主语,达到简化句子结构的目的。
汉译时,可仍先译宾语,不必改变原文的语序。
例如:This substance we call water,and come next only to oxygen.这种物质称为水,其重要性仅次于氧。
(=We call this substance water,and this substance comes next only to oxygen.)2.以“Hence +名词”开头的结构中国公务网2004-5-27 22:19:28 hence是表示结果意义的连接副词,hence前面的句子表示原因,hence 后面则省略了类似come的动词。
它是倒装句。
例如:Hence(comes)this instruction of the experiment因此,有这本实验说明书。
3.某些常用词组引导的省略疑问句,通常不需要写出其省略部分。
例如:How(is it)about the result?结果怎么样呢?4.由习语组成的省略结构So much is for the foundry processes.工艺过程的内容就是这些。
(=Enough has been said or done about...;That is all we'll say about...)Now for the sound-wave method.现在谈谈风波方法。
(=And we will now talk about...)The grinding machine you operate must be oiled,and that at once.油,而且要马上上油。
(and that是个加强语气的省略结构。
that是指示代词,代替上文的全部,与and连用表示强调,后接状语。
=andmustbeoiledat可译为“而且”。
)四、介词(短语)的“无胜于有”英语介词(短语)应用之频繁,简直到了“不可稍离”的地步。
它是功能词中最积极、最活跃之一。
但有时,为了用词简洁精练,在上下文意境清楚的前提下,介词常常省略。
译文中也要采取相应的简洁表达手法。
1.动名词-ing前,有时省略介词。
Most people just ruin scissors by)trying to sharpen them.大多数人想把剪刀磨快,结果却磨坏了。
2.在含有way,height,length,size,shape,ckness等惯用语前,有时省略介词。
Try to keep your letters on)this side of 500 words.写信请勿超过五百字。
3.在以next,this,one,every,each,some,等开头的时间状语前,有时省略介词。
Nine days(from)now will be May Day.起再过九天,便是五一节。
4.在“noun +participle”,“noun +and all”结构中,有时省略介词“with”。
He jumped into the water,(with his)clothes and all.他和着衣服跳进水里。
5.某些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配中的介词(短语),在以what,when,how,whether,that出的从句或不定式短语之前,有时被省略。
例如:I am not informed(as to)whether he went,why from.我没听说他是否去了,为什么去,什么时候去,来自何地方。
(省略与informed搭配的介词as to。
)They are tempered to be careless (of)how they spend their time,because they imagine they have so much of it.对于如何支配时间,他们总是漫不经心,因为他们认为时间多的是。
(省略与形容词careless搭配的介词of。
)英语省略句用词简练,表意简练,往往收到一定的修饰效果,但省略必须根据习惯、语言内容和上下文而定。
从上述各例句中可以看出,英语和汉语表达习惯不同。
在很多上下文意境清楚的情况下,英语往往省略,而汉语能省略时才可省略,但往往不能省略的场合居多,需要重复。
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting bymy boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)A. questioningB. having questionedC. questionedD. to be questioned3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)A. seeingB. having seenC. to have seenD. to see4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun二、在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;the way后面的定语从句中,可以省略that,in which;在含被动语态的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。
高考链接:9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.—________ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)A. AnythingB. SomethingC. AllD. That10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)A. the wayB. in the way thatC. in the wayD. the way which12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷)A. SomethingB. AllC. BothD. Everything13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷)A. somethingB. anythingC. allD. that14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way.(MET 1990上海卷)A. to showB. showC. showingD. showed15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)A. I have no timeB. I'd rather notC. I'd like itD. I'd be happy to16. —Does your brother intend to study German?—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)A. /B. toC. soD. that17. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?—________ . (NMET 1999上海卷)A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand TheatreB. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrowC. No, I won'tD. That's right18. —You should have thanked her before you left.—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing to四、在if引导的虚拟条件句中在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had,were,should时,可以把had,were,should放在句首,省略if。