词性分类及句子成分

辩词析句

写文章要先学会写句子，写句子的前提是要会写词，更要用对词，所以要明确词的类别及其句法功能。

目标：1.掌握英语单词词类及其句法功能。2.掌握句子成分。

预习案

1.英语词类有多少种？请打开你的词汇表查看并写下你的查看结果。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2.请写下你所了解的句子成分。

_____________________________________________________________________ 探究案

二.句子成分分类

1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______ 。

1.Lucy likes her new bike.

2.We work hard.

3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.

4.Playing football after school is great fun.

请指出下列主语的词性：

1. The sun rises in the east. （）

2. He likes dancing. （）

3. Two will be enough.( )

4. Seeing is believing. （）

6. To see is to believe. （）

7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )

8. What he needs is a book. （）

9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（）

什么情况下用it作形式主语？

你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？

1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( )

2) It is no use arguing about it. ( )

3) It is uncertain who will come. ( )

2、谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.

• 1. We love China.

• 2. We have finished reading this book.

• 3. He can speak English.

• 4. She seems tired.

△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语. They can speak English well.

They are playing over there.

系动词

1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词

He is a teacher.

2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay

He always kept silent at meeting.

3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look,

He looks tired.

He seems (to be) very sad.

4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste

This flower smells very sweet.

5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come

He became mad after that.

6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。

3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_______或_______后面.

1.We study English.

2.Our teacher said that he would go there.

3.He is looking at the dog.

△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.

请指出下列宾语的词性：

1.She lived a happy life.( )

2.I love you.( )

3.We need two.( )

4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )

5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )

6.He did not know what to say.( )

7.Did you write down what she said? ( )

8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.

(

)

4、表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful .

请指出下列表语的词性：

1.He is a teacher. ( )

2.My idea is this.( )

3.She was the first to arrive.( )

4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.

( )

5.He is out of danger.( )

6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )

7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so

well.( )

5、定语：用来修饰_____.

This is a red car.

The building is their teaching building.

The woman doctor is my wife.

I have something to tell you.

The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li.

Every student has an English book.

请指出下列定语的词性：

1.It’s a red car.( )

2.They live in the room above.( )

3.My brother is a teacher.( )

4.We belong to the third world.( )

5.Lucy’s father is a poor worker.( )

6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.( )

7.The man under the tree is my teacher.( )

8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my

brother. ( )

9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at

home.( )

10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）

11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）

12.This is the very book that I need. （）

6、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

1．状语的分类

John often came to chat with me．( )

As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. ( )

She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( )

My father worked in this school ten years ago.( )

Though he is young, he knows a lot.( )

He came running.( )

请指出下列状语的词性：

1.He is often late for class.( )

2.We saw that picture at the cinema.( )

3.He sat there smoking.( )