美国移民

被称作“种族大熔炉”的美国是个典型的移民国家，其移民历史最早可追溯到1620年。近400年来，美利坚民族已成为由100多个民族组成的混合体，就连矗立在纽约的“自由女神像”也是在1886年从法国“移民”到美国的。移民们怀着各自的梦想，远涉重洋来到这片理想中的土地，在美国历史上曾经掀起几次大的移民潮。可以毫不夸张地说，是移民造就了美国，是移民发展和改变了美国。

The United States, known as the "melting pot", is a typical immigrant country, with the earliest history of immigration in 1620. Over the past 400 years, the United States has become a mixture of the composition of the more than and 100 ethnic groups, even standing in New York, "Statue of Liberty" is also in 1886 from the French "immigrants" to the United states. With their own dreams, immigrants came to this ideal land in the history of the United States had set off a number of large immigration. It is no exaggeration to say that immigrants created the United States, immigration and the development of change in the United states.

吸引移民曾是美国最重要的外交任务

Immigration was the most important diplomatic mission in the United States

在美国建国之初，美国国内总人口仅有390万。除了大约76万黑人外，其余几乎都是清一色的白人，并且绝大部分来自西欧。出于对欧洲拿破仑战争以及国内就业环境的担心，美国开国之初的几届政府在移民政策上疑虑重重，曾制定过一些限制移民的政策。1796—1815年间，到美国的欧洲移民平均每年只有大约3000人。

At the beginning of the founding of the United States, only 3 million 900 thousand of the total population of the United states. Aside from about 760 thousand black people, the rest are almost all white, mostly from western europe. For fear of the Napoleon war in Europe and the domestic employment environment, several governments in the early days of the founding of the United States have had a lot of misgivings about immigration policy, and have developed a number of policies to restrict immigration. Between 1796 and 1815, the average number of European immigrants to the United States was only about $3000 a year.

拿破仑战争结束后，欧洲重获和平。随着大批军人的复员，欧洲各国失业现象愈发严重，移民美国的人数逐年增加。此时，美国也因国内建设需要，改变了限制移民的政策。1848年欧洲革命后，移民美国的浪潮更是一浪高过一浪。从1820年到1920年的100年间，美国一共接纳了大约3350万移民，形成美国持续百年的移民潮。

After the end of the war, Napoleon returned to peace. With the large number of demobilized soldiers, unemployment in Europe has become increasingly serious, the number of immigrants to the United States increased year by year. At this time, the United States because of domestic construction needs, changed the policy of restricting immigration. After the 1848 revolution in Europe, the wave of immigrants to the United States is a wave higher than a wave. From 1820 to in the 100 years, the United States accepted a total of about 33 million 500 thousand immigrants, the United States to create a century of immigration.

被美国历史学家称之为“伟大的人类迁徙运动”的第一次移民高潮发生在1820年至1860年，这期间移民总数高达500万。移民主要来自西欧和北欧，其中爱尔兰人大约200万，德国人大约170万，还有大量被贩卖到美国的非洲黑奴。同时，移民中也有少数来自亚洲，主要是来美国淘金的中国人。