《美丽中国》课课程论文

2015-2016学年第一学期《美丽中国》品鉴课程论文Wild ChinaTitle：The terrace and ecological protection院系班级：经济与管理学院学号：姓名：任课教师：__ 肖宇_ ___分数：_____________ __The terrace and ecological protection1.Abstract：The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8000 years, There is Yuan yang terrace, Local people cultivate the rice,Yunnan’s rice terraces are among the oldest human structures in China, by making the terraces. But there are many ecological problems in Yunnan terraces,such as species invasion and water loss and soil erosion, we should try our best to protect the terraces culture, for the Yunnan terrace is not only the cultivating tools for local people to life, but a agricultural civilization in Chinese culture, It is a spectacular man-made project.Key words: Yunnan terrace culture、ecological protection2.IntroductionIn Yunnan Province lies a place of mystery and legend. There is Yuan yang terrace, among which Hani and Yi people take it. The Hani Terraces spread along the southern bank of the Red River and cover a total area of over 40,000 hectares.The Chinese have been cultivating rice for at least 8000 years. It has transformed the landscape. The hills slopes of the Yuan yang County plunge nearly 2000 meters to the floor of the Red River valley (a red river runs through the prefecture. In Chinese, Hong means red. It means river.). Each contains literally thousands of stacked terraces carved out by hand using Primitive digging tools.Yunnan's rice terraces are one of the oldest men made structures in China. Still ploughed, as the always have been, by domesticated water buffaloes, whose ancestors originated in these very valleys.The core areas in Yuan Yang County fully demonstrate the charm of Hani Terrace.Yunnan's mountains are remote, rugged and inaccessible. However, the Hani people have lived here for more than a thousand years. The steep topography and severe weather condition didn't threaten Hani people to move away. Instead, they dug numerous trenches in the mountains so that the water could flow down. To keep the water, they built banks along these mountains. Over centuries, by developing networks, they could grow rice in the terraces. For more than 1,300 years, it has transformed the landscape. Each contains thousands of terraces. They were curved out by the use of hand-made tools. No wonder why Hani Terrace is praised as "a real sculpture of the earth". Equally important, by making the terraces, Hani people created wetland in places where there was no wetland at all. Thus, the climate can be regulated and biodiversity is maintained. UNESCO is also amazed at the spectacular work. It's listed as a world heritage site. So someone said "this man-made landscape is one of the most amazing engineering feats of pre-industrial China. It seems as if every square inch of land has been pressed into cultivation. "It is a spectacular man-made project.However, nowadays, there are many ecological problems occurring in terrace. First of all , the forests have been destroyed, for each ethnic group want to have a good habitat for them to live, so Hani people choose to live in the forest, which are really flourishing. But the demand of wood from middle part of China makes Hani to cut lots of trees down, which destroy the balance of the environment. For the forest can stop the water and soil erosion of terrace, but now the local people worry that they will have no enough water to drink and irrigate. Secondly, lands have been transformed to the dry lands for more profits, for the field of the terrace is low, the local transform terrace to dry lands to plant trees to get a higher profits, however, which leads to the beautiful landscapes are disappearing.Thirdly. Species invasion. Some local people had buy Gram crayfish to eat, but some people let the crayfish live in terraces, which leads the mass breeding of Gram crayfish, for the can dig the earth of terraces, so the terraces face the risk ofdestroying, it is amazing, but the Gram crayfish move fast in water, so it is hard to catch the Gram crayfish. Specie invasion is terrible, if we ignore the problems, there are more and more environmental cases, which can destroy our living habitat.SolutionsHow to solve the ecological problems?Firstly, improve the rice yield and profit, which can make local people have money to lead a good life rather than to make money by cutting the trees and destroying the forest. Meanwhile the method can also stop the local people to transform the terrace to dry land.Secondly, our government should put out the forceful punishments to those who destroy the forests, which can suppress the illegal people to cut the forest down, so as to make the terrace can have the trees to maintain the water.Thirdly, our government should strengthen the control of alien species; such as watching out the import goods, so as to avoid such things (Gram crayfish) happen again. And we should also educate the local people the harming of introducing the wild species casually.3.ConclusionThe Yuan yang terrace, Hani and Yi people take advantage of the terrace, they cultivate the rice, Yunnan's rice terrace is among the oldest structures in Chinese history, Hani people created wetland in places where there was no wetland at all. Thus, the climate can be regulated and biodiversity is maintained. World is also amazed at the spectacular work. It's listed as a world heritage site. But the terraces are facing so many ecological problems, we should try our best to protect them. And we can also see that there are many problems in the environment which is made by human, it is bad to human's life, only to live with nature harmony can we lead a good life.It is a spectacular man-made project. But there are many ecological problems in Yunnan terraces, such as species invasion and water loss and soil erosion, weshould try our best to protect the terraces culture, for the Yunnan terrace is not only the cultivating tools for local people to life, but an agricultural civilization in Chinese culture, it is a spectacular man-made project. The Yuan yang terrace is not only the cultivating tools for local people to life, but an agricultural civilization in Chinese culture, it is a spectacular man-made project. It is the treasure of the entire human. So when we see the terrace facing lots of ecological problems, such as species invasion and water loss and soil erosion, we should try our best to protect the terraces culture, for the nature is the mother of human, and we cannot be always ask from the nature, we should respect the and protect nature, we should live with nature in harmony. We should protect the environment.Bibliography[1]卢鹏、刘洁婷.从“文化的角度”看哈尼梯田的保护与开发[J].红河学院报.（5）[2]哈尼族简史编写组.哈尼族简史[M]云南:云南人民出版社,1985.。