上海市建平中学2016-2017学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

2016-2017学年建平中学高一第二学期期末考试英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections: Choose the best answer according to the meaning of the sentence.17.___ is mentioned above, the number of violent crimes will increase this year about 15%.A.WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It18.Being unable to afford a car, going shopping for the two of us meant ___ down to the shops and going back home again with full arms.A.to walkB. walkedC. is to buildD. will be built19.Opposite the bus station ___ a new commercial center, which the nearby residents are currently discussing a lot.A.to buildB. builtC. is to buildD. will be built20.As of Friday, the money ___ totaled more than 8.5 million yuan ($1.38 million) for China-Dolls Center for Rare Disorders, a non-commercial organization.A.having been raisedB. raisingC. raisedD. was raised21.___ gender differences follow essentially old ideas on achievement tests in which boys typically score higher on math and science, females have the advantages on school grades regardless of the subject.A.WhileB. WhenC. IfD. Because22.The most important part of what children’s minds have and many animals’ don’t is ___ scientists call shared intentionally, which is the ability to infer what others know or are thinking.A.thatB. whichC. whatD. the23.It was not until then ___ the girl would receive an operation the next day.A.did we knowB. we knewC. that we knewD. when we knew24.Before 1973, fingerprints at the scene of a crime used to be photographed for ___ purpose and the object carrying the prints were shown in court as well.A.qualificationB. identificationC. estimateD. possession25. When it comes to leadership roles, in some cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually ___ as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection.A. ariseB. distinguishC. occurD. emerge26. There are many factors in people’s daily lives that can affect posture and throw the body off balance, such as sitting at a desk for long periods, frequently holding a phone between the ear and the shoulders, bending over a laptop, or ___ looking down at a smartphone.A. continuallyB. eventuallyC. temporarilyD. accidentallySection BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The first DC movie of 2017, Wonder Wonder Woman, is a few days away from release. With the DC Extended University (DCEU) so far ___27__ (look) dangerously underpowered compared with Marvel’s Chinematic University, the pressure is on to ensure this latest comic book adaptation from Warner Bros is a hit.The DCEU has offered the world a handful of heroes, but it seems to be confused about what makes a good hero. We’ve seen a Superman suffering from doubt and lacking his unusual optimism, and a hopeless Batman who ___28__ (motivate) almost entirely by evil. So untrustworthy are the supposed good guys in the DCEU, the world turned to a group of super villains (恶棍) when it wanted to take down a villain in Suicide Squad.Wonder Woman, an Amazonian princess warrior who is a demigoddess (半神), is supposed to be different. She presents a very feminine sense of peace, justice and ___29__ Gal Gadot has described as “emotional intelligence.” In Wonder Woman,___30__ American pilot Steve Trevor crashes on Themyscira and tells Princess Diana of the island nation about Word War I, she leaves her home to try to stop the war and becomes Wonder Woman.___31__ the upcoming movie, DC has an opportunity to steal a march on Marvel, because the Disney-owned studio has yet to deliver a movie led by a female superhero. Besides, director Patty Jenkins has ___32__ impressive history of telling women’s stories, including writing and directing the Oscar-winning crime drama Monster.Making her first comic book appearance in October 1941, Wonder Woman was the brainchild of the American psychologist and writer William Moulton Marston, ___33__ intended her as a feminist icon. But is her impressive physical beauty a problem for a feminist reading of the character? Jenkins doesn’t think so, describing her take on the character as “total wish-fulfillment.”“I, ___34__ a woman, want Wonder Woman to be hot as hell, fight bad guys and look great at the same time,” she said, “the same way men want Superman to have huge chest muscles and an impractically big body. That makes them feel like the the hero they want to be. And my hero, in my head, has really long legs.”Section CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Time seems to pass faster or slower depending on the language you speak, new research has revealed, because of the way your native tongue speaks about time. A team from the University of Lancaster say their work also shows how bilingualism(双语) may affect pur perceptions of time, __35__ the brain to think in new ways.In one experiment, 40 Spanish speakers and 40 Swedish speakers were __36__ inseeing a computer animation(动画) of a slowly line. All the animations lasted 3 seconds, but the line didn't always grow to the same length. The researchers expected that because Swedes talk about time in terms of distance, they would find it harder to __37__ how much time had passed, and they were right. Meanwhile the Spanish speakers, who refer to time in terms of __38__ (as in a “small” break rather than a “short” break), were much better at realizing that the same 3 seconds had fled, no matter how far the line grew. “The Swedish speakers tend to think that the line that grows longer takes longer,” one of the researchers explained. “Spanish speakers aren't __39__ by that. They seem to think that it doesn't matter how much the line grows in distance, it still takes the same time for it to grow.”In another experiment, participants were shown animations of a jug(水壶) slowly being filled up: the length of the animation was fixed, but the jug filled up by __40__ amounts. Sure enough, this time it was the Spanish speakers who had more trouble __41__ the passage of time.Interestingly, when the spoken instructions in a particular language were taken away, the volunteers were much better at judging time, as if being asked out loud how much time had passed triggered something in the brain. To gain __42__ insight into what was happening, 74 bilingual speakers of both Spanish and Swedish were also recruited, and shown similar animations. The end results were the same: when instructed in Swedish, the volunteers were more easily fooled by the line animations, and when instructed in Spanish, it was the jug animations that interfered with their __43__ of time.III. Reading comprehension.Section ADirections: For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. Welive in a _44_ society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and _45_ source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous _46_ in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to _47_ a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil rights.Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a(n) _48_ source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Russian and, of course, in Japan. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium in addition to the cost of greater safety _49_ could demand too much money for nuclear power. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could _50_ the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are _51_, which assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. _52_, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having considered the arguments on both sides carefully, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy _53_ nuclear power.44.A. material B. transforming C. consumer D. modern45.A. economical B. commercial C. clean D. financial46.A. increase B. step C. change D. demand47.A. estimate B. identity C. reject D. expect48.A. cheap B. sufficient C. legal D. economic49.A. possessions B. supplies C. expenses D. investments50.A. bring up B. bring about C. bring to D. bring in51.A. suffering B. surviving C. forming D. expanding52.A. However B. For example C. Therefore D. Besides53.A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less thanSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches pf Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves(小海湾), ” says Bramblett. Julyand August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap — you’ll sell out up to $385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast). BEWAREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally(成对角线地) toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand from your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.54.What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A.Avoid wearing wet suits.B.Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C.Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D.Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.55.Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences except ___.A.a perfect view of sea lionsB.a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC.a seafood feast in the popular local communityD.sun and fun of the less crowed beach(B)In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”, John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) , this is not true of absolute needs.Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the prices.By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.56. According to the passage, John Keynes Believed that_______.A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needsB. absolute needs come from our sense of superiorityC. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demandsD. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs57. What does the word “escalation” paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Understanding.B. Increase.C. Difference .D. Expectation.58. The author of the passage argues that ______.A. absolute needs have no limitsB. demands for quality are not insatiableC. human desires influence ideas of qualityD. relative needs decide most of our spendingSection CDirections:Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note there are two more sentences than you need.Many people fear a visit to the dentist. They are not so much afraid of the doctor, but of the dental equipment and treatments.Well, fear no more! A British company says it has developed technology that will end the need for mechanical cleaning of dental cavities(龋齿). __59_.For over a century, dentists have been repairing cavities the same way. They first remove the decayed, or bad, tooth tissue with an electric-powered drill. Then, they fill the hole in the bone with a metallic or plastic substance. __60_. However, ifit is deep, near the nerve of the tooth, it can be very painful. The worst part is that the process of drilling and filling the cavity has to be repeated for the entire life of that tooth.Rebecca Moazzez is a senior lecturer at King’s Colle ge London. She says that this cycle lasts the rest of the tooth’s life.“You’re really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth’s life.”Tooth enamel(牙釉质) is what we see on the outside of the tooth. The enamel of a damaged tooth can be replaced naturally. This process is called re-mineralization. But it is too slow to stop bacteria from building up in small, narrow areas of the enamel.A British business called Reminova has developed a method for speeding-up this natural re-mineralization of early-stage cavities. Jeff Wright is head of the company. “We’ve just found a way to make that a much faster process. Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel and, through a natural process, it will bind on and add to the enamel that’s there.” The process begins with a cleaning of the cavity. This does not require power tools. __61_. The electricity is too weak for the patient to feel. And the hardened mineral completely fills the cavity.__62_. Sometimes children have bad experiences at the dentist. They fear the drilling and injections. Who wouldn’t be afraid? Better experiences as a child might lead to more visits to the dentist as an adult.IV. TranslatingDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words in the brackets.1.大部分读者都与这部畅销小说里的助教有共鸣。