中国动物源细菌耐药现状与应对策略-中国农业大学 吴聪明 教授

2015年7月，农业部发布并实施《全国兽药（抗菌药）综合治理 五年行动方案》。 China is implementing The National Veterinary Drug (Antimicrobials) Comprehensive Management Five-Years-Plan since Jul, 2015.
28.76
18.27 35.31
Fra Baidu bibliotek
21.30
13.53 26.16
287.42 11540
303.15 5780
Beef
Mutton
6.72
4.08
4.98
3.02
Data from：China Agricultural Annual Report（ 2014）
中国食品动物养殖业现状
Current situation of food animal production in China.
Fattened stock and standing stock of food animals in China, 2013
Livestock Fattened stock （ million heads） Standing stock （ million heads）
Production and per capital consumption of meat, egg and milk in China, 2013
The retistant rate of P.multocida isolated from pigs in China,during 2003-2007[J Clin Microbiol. 2009, 47:951–958]
The retistant rate of H.parasuis isolated from pigs in China,during 2007-2008[Vet Microbiol. 2010,141 :168–173]
The resistant characteristics of three kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria isolated from China.
The retistant rate of S.suis isolated from pigs in China,during 2005-2007[Vet Microbiol. 2008, 131:386–392]
In August 2016 ， China issued the National Action Plan to Contain Antimicrobial Resistance.
二、动物源细菌耐药性现状
The AMR status of bacteria from food animals
中国三种畜禽自身病原菌耐药 性情况
中国动物源细菌耐药现状与应对策略
The AMR Status and Countermeasures of Bacteria from Food Animals in China
吴聪明
Congming Wu PhD 中国农业大学 China Agricultural University
报告内容
Contents
批准用于食品动物的抗生素有超过 50种，其 中批准用作饲料添加剂的约10余种
More than 50 antibiotics have been approved for animals, and ahout 10 antibiotics have been approved as feed additives. The leading antibiotics used in 2014: 氟苯尼考 Florfenicol 多西环素 Doxycycline 黏菌素E Polymyxin E 恩诺沙星 Enrofloxacin
2013 年 9月，农业部发布《兽用处方药和非处方药管理办法》 ，开始将抗菌药物纳入兽用处方药管理。 Regulation on management of prescription and nonprescription drugs for animals have been released in 2013.
2015 年 6 月，农业部发布公告，决定自 2016年 1月 1日禁止食品 动物使用诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、氧氟沙星等 4种抗 菌药。 Four FQs (lomefloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin) have been banned for use in food animals since Jan, 2016.
mcr-1-carrying plasmid
Mass spectrometry analysis of mcr-1-carrying E. coli
MCR-1 可使黏菌素对小鼠 mcr-1已在畜禽源E. coli中广泛扩
体内感染的大肠杆菌清除 率明显降低
MCR-1 provided adequate protection from colistin
抗生素在动物疫病防控中发挥着至关重要的 作用，至今仍无可替代
Antibiotics play crucial role in animal disease prevention and control. Up to now it is still irreplaceable.
The purpose of antibiotic usage in livestock industry:
2016年7月，农业部发布公告，决定从2017年 4月起停止硫 酸粘菌素用于动物促生长。
By Apr, 2017, China will ban the use of colisitin in food animals for growth promoter.
2016年8月，我国14部委联合发布了《遏制细菌耐药国家 行动计划》（2016-2020年）。
一、养殖业使用抗生素现状
Summary of the antibiotic use in livestock industry
二、动物源细菌耐药性现状
The AMR status of bacteria from food animals
三、动物源细菌耐药性应对策略
The AMR countermeasures of bacteria from food animals
Rapid development. Dispersed breeding areas.
Diverse breeding patterns. Uneven levels of feeding management.
Frequent disease outbreaks.
食品动物常见细菌性疾病
Food animal common bacteria disease in China.
Bovine bacteria disease：
Mastitis， Metritis， Pneumonia, etc.
Swine bacteria disease：
Infectious pleuropneumonia, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Piglets yellow/white dysentery，etc. Poultry bacteria disease: Chronic respiratory disease (Mycoplasma), E.coli infection, Necrotic enteritis, etc.
Animal product Production (million tons) Consumption per capita (kg)
Swine Cattle Cow Sheep
Poultry
735.10 49.29 ——
465.83 105.78 14.70
Pork
52.73
39.06
Eggs
Poultry meat Milk
The pork/poultry/eggs production has been No.1. The milk production ranks No. 3 after India and US.
The overall value of livestock industry is ￥2.90 trillion, which accounts
一、养殖业使用抗生素现状
Summary of the antibiotic use in livestock industry
中国是畜禽生产和产品消费大国，保障养殖业持续稳 定发展有着重要的战略意义
As a large livestock production and consumption country ， the sustainable development of livestock industry has strategic significance in China.
Use of chemical pharmaceutical preparations in food animals in China, 2014 Annual amount of usage of veterinary chemical drugs in China，2009-2014
Data from: Development report of the veterinary drug Industry in China, 2014
Disease treatment Disease prevention Growth promotion
中国是兽用抗菌药物使用量最大的国家之一， 目前一半以上仍用作饲料药物添加剂
China is one of the top countries in veterinary chemical drugs consumption，and half was used as growth promoter.
发现了可转移的黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1
The first report of transferrable colistin resistance gene mcr-1
MCR-1 为磷酸乙醇氨转移酶，可修饰细胞膜上脂质 A介
导耐药
Phosphoethanolamine transferase MCR-1 modified the lipid A.
Data from: Development report of the veterinary drug Industry in China, 2014
近年来中国政府加强了对兽用抗菌药的监管
Recent years, China has strengthened supervision on antibiotics use in animals. the
for 28.3％ of total Agriculture production in 2014.
China annual output of main animal-derived products during 2004-2014
Data from：FAOSTAT，http://faostat.fao.org
散，并有可能沿食物链传播
The dissemination of mcr-1 was observed among food animals, it may also transfer to human by food-chain
Prevalence of mcr-1 gene by origin
Bacteria species Origin Pigs at slaughter Year All 2012 2013 2014 Number isolates 804 216 268 320 of Positive isolates 166 31 68 67 Percent 20.6% 14.4% 25.4% 20.9%