新概念英语第四册笔记
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Finding fossil man 发现化⽯石⼈人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especiallyflint, because this is easier to shapethan other kinds.They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rottedaway. Stone does not decay, and so thetools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappearedwithout trace. 读到flint 打⽕火⽯石anthropomorphic ⼈人格化拟1anthropo ⼈人类的让步⼀一⼀一trace backdate back read of read abouta trace of ⼀一些resound u叙述 Polynesian adj.波利利尼⻄西亚(中太平洋之⼀一群岛)的 Indonesia n. 印度尼⻄西亚 我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年年前近东发⽣生的事情，那⾥里里的⼈人最早学会了了写字。
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ⼀一理理的代⼈人造的⽣生存⽅方式隺加规模 I 平庸的⼀一倒夺巨⼤大的⼤大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to 在⼯工业⽣生活的组织中，⼯工⼚厂对⼯工⼈人的⽣生理理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了了。
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记1 fossil man (化石人)Why are legends handed down by storytellers usefulWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.【New words and expressions 生词和短语】fossil man adj. 化石人recount v. 叙述saga n. 英雄故事legend n. 传说，传奇migration n. 迁移，移居anthropologist n. 人类学家archaeologist n. 考古学家ancestor n. 祖先Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚（中太平洋之一群岛）的Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚flint n. 燧石rot n. 烂掉【课文注释】down 把...传下去例句：Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth.许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下来了。
新概念英语第四册知识点整理
新概念英语第四册知识点整理一、重点词汇1、verbals（动词）名词化动词：即是名词又是动词，如：survival，advice，crisis动名词：动词的ing形式，如：writing，reading不定式：动词的to do形式，如：to write，to read2、elliptical sentences（省略句）省略主语：常常是祈使句，如：Go to the window.省略宾语：常常是介词短语或名词，如：With the help of my teacher.3、inverted sentences（倒装句）疑问句：助动词在主语前，如：Do you like English？强调句：助动词在主语前，如：It is I.4、participles（分词）现在分词：表示正在进行的动作或状态，如：reading，writing过去分词：表示已经完成的动作或状态，如：written，read5、conditional sentences（条件句）if条件句：if+主语+动词+其他，如：If I have time，I will go.虚拟条件句：if+主语+had done+其他，如：If I had known，I would have told you.6、relative clauses（定语从句）who，whom，whose，that，which等引导的定语从句，如：The book which I read is called 'The Catcher in the Rye'.7、gerunds（动名词短语）动名词短语作名词用，如：Reading is an important skill.8、comparative and superlative（比较级和最高级）比较级和最高级形式的变化规则和普通形容词相同，如：more beautiful，most beautiful.9、impersonal passives（无人称被动语态）表示没有明确的主语或动作执行者的情况，如：It is said that…据说…10、reported speech（间接引语）转述别人的话或文字时使用间接引语的形式，如：He said that he would go to the party.他说他会去参加聚会。
新概念第四册笔记
新概念第四册笔记（完美版）Lesson 1 Finding fossil man发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first‘modern men’ came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil manNew words and expressions生词短语recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
新概念第四册笔记
新概念第四册笔记Lesson 11.inscription on turtle shells 甲骨文bamboo slips 竹筒fresco 壁画2.fossil fuel 化石燃料3.Don't be obsessed with brother.I'm just a legend 不要迷恋哥。
哥只是个传说4.rural labourer =migrant worker 民工migratory bird 候鸟5.have a sweet tooth 爱吃甜食6.illiterate 文盲7.make A of B 可看出make A from B 不可看出8.none of+可数名词+is/are 数量How many people are there in the room -- noneno one +is 谁Who is in the room -- no one9.经典分分享纽约深受暴力之害Unchecked violence has already dulled the luster of the Big Apple.The daunting task before its leaders is to prevent it from rotting to the core.Lesson 21.spare tyre 备胎，肉肚=love handles=beer belly=muffin-top （贬义）2.the table of contents 目录3.pains-taking farmers 辛苦的农民4.写作顺序词first,firstly,to start with,to begin withnext,then,what's more,moreover,in additionlast but not least5.I haven't the least idea 根本不知道I haven't the remotest idea where to start with.我根本没办法知道从何开始6.经典分享If you want to live and thrive,let a spider run alive 想过好莫杀生Lesson 31.The Everest 珠穆朗玛峰2.bed-ridden 卧床不起3.try to do 努力尝试try doing 小试4.This is the case 事实就是这样5.as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗6.a six-part meeting 六方会谈7.except for 指出不如人意的地方+名词8.经典分享电影vertical limitLesson 41.extra-sensory perception 超感官知觉psychometry 接触感应clairvoyance 千里眼telepathy 心灵感应precognition 预知photographic memory 过目不忘2.saft and sound 平安无事3.a safe breaker 撬保险箱的人Better safe than sorry 稳妥比后悔好Better late than never 晚做比不做好4.opaque glass 毛玻璃5.see through 看穿，识破，干完，帮助某人6.Britain's Got Talent 英国达人秀7.She left immediately she finished her job 一…就=hardly/rarely/scarcely…when8.经典分享美剧超人英雄Lesson 51.ask for leave 请假take leave to do 擅自2.have a commitment to 信奉make a commitment to 承诺commit suicide 自杀be committed to doing 决心致力于3.stupid = silly 笨fatuous=ridiculous 愚蠢slow 迟钝4.问题就是That is where the rub isThat is where the problem isThat is the rubThere is the rubThere lies the rubThe rub lies in5.to be done过去不真实的情况意外之事导致结果代替宾语从句6.虚拟语气He acts as if he knew me7.经典分享Never tell a young person that anything cannot be done.God may have beeb waiting centuries for someone ignorant enough of the impossible to do that very thing.—G.M.Trevelyan Lesson 61.have no inclination to 不愿做2.black sheep 害群之马3.meet each other 两者meet one other 三者4.nearly 只用于肯定句almost 可用于肯定和否定5.pick up 捡起，接，学会，抱起，爬起6.I will not go unless (I am) invited.be动词才可省7.经典分享Talent wins games,but teamwork and intelligence win championships.—乔丹Lesson 71.obstacle=obstruction 实在的和抽象的障碍barrier 阻塞出入的（栅栏）block 阻塞所有通道的障碍I had a mental block when I tried to remember my password.脑袋塞住了2.in the vicinity = near3.a shoal of fish = a school of fish 一群鱼a group of people 一群人a swarm of ants 一群蚂蚁a litter of pigs 一窝猪4.部分否定Not all bamboo grows tall=All bamboo doesn't grows tallBoth the windows are not open 窗户不都开着Not every book is educative=Every book is not educativeentirely，altogether，completely，quite完全的词加not表部分否定完全否定用对应的全否定词no,none,neither,no one,neverAll of them can do it - None of them can do itBoth are good - Neither is goodEverybody likes it - Nobody likes itHe is always late - He is never late5.经典分享Brain-twister=Brain-teaser 脑筋急转弯Q：What kind of animal is well educated?A: Fish.Because they go around in schoolsLesson 81.We were slaughtered,55 to 112 我们被宰了（大比分落后）2.keep fit 保持健康fit as a fiddle 非常健康be fit for doing 适合做3.hit the nail on the head 一针见血4.I think the money I have right now will do for the following 2 weeks.do 足够解决问题5.直接引语改间接引语now-thenago-beforetoday-that daytomorrow-the next day;the following dayyesterday-the day before;the previous daythe day before yesterday-two days before6.经典分享乐队Electrocute的On the beatLesson 91.Casual Friday=Casual Day 便装日2.uni- uniform 制服mono- monologue 独白bi- bicycle 自行车tri- tricycle 三轮车3.The Netherland 荷兰go Dutch AA制=a Dutch date/treatDutch courage 酒后之勇a Dutch bargain 酒席上的（不公平）交易talk like a Dutch uncle 不留情面的批评4.经典分享I come,I see,I conquer—CaesarLesson 101.a customized car 定制汽车2.He said to us,"Are you going away today?"=He asked us whether we were going away that day. "What have you done?"he asked.=He asked what I had done.陈述语序3.经典分享Your time is limited.So don't waste it living someone else's life.Don't be trapped by dogma,which is living with the results of other people's thinking.Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice.And most important:have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.They somehow already know what your truly want to become.Everything else is secondary.Lesson 111.Do you see a justification for XXX 有正当理由2.cheat on 对XX不忠cheat sb of 骗走某人的3.play a vital role in 至关重要的角色vital statistics 三围bust waist hip4.be weary of 对XX厌倦5.at the idea of 一想到=in the thought ofat the sight of 一看到6.metaphor 暗喻simile 明喻euphemism 委婉语7.委婉语die死pass away，fall asleep，be no more，breathe one's last breath，sleep the final sleep，go to a better world，go to sleep forever，go west，kick the bucketold老人senior citizen,elderly people,people in advanced years,feel one's age养老院a rest home,a nursing home8.经典分享On Education论教育I will take four characteristics which seem to me jointly to form the basis of an ideal character:vitality,courage,sensitiveness,and intelligence.I do not suggest that this list is complete,but I think it carries us a good way.Moreover I firmly believe that,by proper physical,emotional,and intellectual care of the young,these qualities could all be made very common——Bertrand Russell Lesson 121.accont 账户open a bank accountcurrent account=checking account 活期账户deposit account=savings account 定期账户withdraw 取钱ATM=automated teller machine 自动柜员机=cash machineteller 出纳员2.in cash 现金支付by credit card/by a check3.have an obligatin to do=be under an obligation to do 有义务=feel oblige to do4.debit card借记卡5.take a blood specimen 采血样6.带to的间接引语She sain,"Remember to switch off all the lights."——She reminded me to switch off all the lights."Don't make a mess."she said to him——She told him not to make a mess,祈使句He said,"Wait for me."——He said I was to wait for him.why后不可加to7.经典分享Saving Money in Plain English——CommoncraftLesson 131.haul=hoist=lift=raise 拉2.blood circulation 血液循环3.Draw a circle which is 3centimeters in diameter 直径3厘米的元4.make every endeavour to do 非常努力做5.时常every so often=every now and again=now and again=every once in a while6.avoid doing 避免7.on credit 赊账8.less的用法More haste,less speed 欲速则不达less than 更少He was less than enthusiastic 一点也不热情less than no time 马上more or less差不多any the less 更少一点Even though he did that，I did not believe him any the less.我还是相信他much/still less 更不要说=let alone I don't think David would read a book,mich less write one. any more than 和…同样no more than 仅仅9.经典分享At the age of 23,I was a millionaire and retired.Two years later I came out of retirement.A man in his twenties who has known what it is to work can drink only so much champagne and paint the town red only so many times before he wakes up to realize that he is wasting time and energy on meaningless things.——Paul Getty(1892-1976)Formula for success:rise early,work hard,strike oilLesson 141.民谣For want of 缺少For want of a nail the shoe was lost.For want of a shoe the horse was lost.For want of a horse the rider was lost.For want of a rider the battle was lost.For want of a battle the kingdom was lost.And all for the want of a horseshoe nail.2.foresee 预见foretell 预知forearm 前臂forehead 额头forefather 父辈foresight 远见foreground 前景foreshadow 预兆3.speculate on/about 推测4.humid 天气湿damp 物，房间湿moist 湿得舒服moisturizer 润肤膏5.suppose的用法I suppose soI don't suppose 我不认为Do you suppose 你认为be supposed to 应该，广泛认为6.check out 结账离开7.经典分享电影《蝴蝶效应》Lesson 151.keep a secret 保密=hold my tongue about=button up my lip=This is only between you and me=This can never go out of this roomreveal the secret 泄密=let the secret out=let the cat out of the bag2.patent on/for 专利apply for/take out a patent 申请专利3.weigh against 不利于（不能用被动）4.so/as far as 就…而言in so far as 语气更强（不可用as）so far from 非但不…反而5.consider 考虑considerate 体贴，周到considerable 相当大6.of+形容词+nature 有XX的性质7.Mr. so and so 某某先生such and such a day 某某天8.分词fallen leave 落下了的叶子（表完成）9.经典分享Three can keep a secrt,if two of them are dead——BenjaminFranklinLesson 161.The Oriental Pearl TV Tower 东方明珠电视塔Jin Mao Building 金茂大厦the bund 外滩2.double-edged sword 双刃剑3.maximum speed 限速mph=miles per hour4.give full consideration to 进行充分考虑take XX into consideration 考虑在内5.impose sth on sb 强加6.deprive sb of sth 剥夺7.be thronged with 某地被挤满8.have influence of XX upon/on XX XX对XX有影响9.neglect 疏忽overlook 粗心ignore 故意的10.deny sb sth 不让某人拥有某物11.disposable chopsticks 一次性筷子12.while 的用法让步比although轻While I admit that problems are difficult,I do not agree that they can't be solved.13.经典分享Cities force growth,and make men talkative and entertaining,but they make themartificial——by Ralph Waldo EmersonLesson 171.car park 停车场2.be overrun with/by 被蔓延3.be susceptible to 易受感染的4.a slight/mild/severe infectin in the lung 感染5.on account of 由于6.do damage to 损坏7.pass on to sb 传给8.So that he could be heard in every room.John spoke through a microphone.表目的7.经典分享Resident Evil 生化危机Lesson 181.a mariner barracks 海军陆战队的营房navy 中国海军2.knock sb unconscious 使失去意识3.in the ensuing years 接下来的几年ensue from 由XX产生come after 接着发生on the heels of 接踵而至4.You've intrigued me!Tell me more!吊胃口be intrigued with 有兴趣5.in attacking formation 进攻队形6.credit sb with 相信XX有能力7.先行词为不定代词anything 后只接that不可用which8.无动词的独立结构He went off,(his)gun in hand.主语可省限定词He went off,(with his)gun in hand.可加with独立主格多用于正式9.经典分享电影The cove海豚湾Lesson 191.speculation about/on 对XX的猜测2.blow one's nose 擤鼻涕3.punctuate A with B 用B打断A4.XX is not a matter of 不是XX方面的事5.self-seeking 唯利是图self-supporting 自力更生6.continuous 连续的continual 频繁的7.were it not for two factors=if it were not for 省if，把be提前8.while比but的转折多了对比的意思9.强调句It may have been John who gave Mary a handbag.be可变形式区分先行词itIt is surprising that Mary won the first place.去it is…that 句子不完整10.经典分享I Have A Dream——Martin Luther KingLesson 201.sit up 熬夜2.indigestion 消化不良Reader's Digest 读者文摘、3.The beauty of the scene defied description.美得无法形容4.convert A into B 转变5.让步状语倒装KIng as he was,he was unhappy.省冠词Object as you may,I'll goTired as he was,he sat up late studying at night.(让步)Tired as he was,he went to bed early.(因果)6.经典分享Marriage:putting one's hand into a bag of snakes on the chance of drawing out an eel——Leonardo da VinciLesson 211.the supreme court 最高法院a matter of vital/supreme inportance 最重要的2.set sb up 栽赃3.encroach on/upon 侵占4.in bewilderment 手足无措5.please do take care of yourself 请一定要好好照顾自己6.I wish you had told me though 尽管，然而7.经典推荐Into The West 西部风云Lesson 221.loom up/out/above 赫然耸起loom large 显然突出/doc/807d153ff111f18583d05ac9.htm l pound noun 复合词compound sentence 复合句compound interest 复合利息3.as is known to all 众所周知非限定性定语从句as可句首，which不可as后必须为系动词德国哲学家叔本华Arthur Schopenhauer:As the biggest library if it is in disorder is not as useful as a small but well-arranged one,so you may accumate a vast amount of knowledge but it will be of far less value to you than a much smaller amount if you have not thought it over for yourselfLesson 231.sb be endowed with sth 赋予confer on 授予bestow on 授予2.wish 的用法wish sb sth 祝福I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!wish +从句表虚拟I wish that I could afford a car.用could/should/wouldI wish I didn't have to go to work today.用过去时I wish! 但愿You wish! 想得美3.虚拟语气与现在相反从句:If+主语+过去时(be用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:If I were you,I would study English.与过去相反从句:If+主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg:If I had got there earlier,I should have met her.与将来相反从句:If+主语+were to doIf+主语+should doIf+主语+过去时(be用were)主句:主语+should/would/could/might+doeg:If she were to be here tomorrow,I would talk to her.If he should come tomorrow,I would talk to him.If it were snow tomorrow,I would not go to school.wish后的虚拟同if从句，将来的虚拟should/would+do4.经典分享The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《老水手之歌》——英国著名诗人S.T.Coleridge5.so that+从句so as to+不定式Lesson 241.it is an undeniable fact that XX是不可否认的事实=indisputableNowadays,it is an undeniable fact that crime is increasing.2.invest A whth B 将B赋予ABeauty is in the eyes of the beholder.——H.G.Wells 情人眼里出西施Beauty is only skin deep.——Thomas Overbury 美是浮浅的17世纪初诗人Lesson 24.51.a flash in the pan 昙花一现（淘金）2.serve as 担当，起…作用3.stand a chance 有希望Lesson 251.make a plea for sth 祈求2.make a diagnosis of 诊断diagnose sb with 诊断为diagnose sth as 诊断为3.most前有the才是最高级4.heating bill 暖气费5.hit/grab/make the headlines 成为头条6.blacken one's name/image/reputation 抹黑=slander=defame=slurpersecute=abuse=maltreat=brutalize=ill-treat 虐待7.be cautious about doing 谨慎8.yet的用法a.否定句和疑问句——询问是否做了I haven't asked him yet.还Has Jack arrived yet? 已经b.否定句You can't give up yet! 还c.强调更加——yet more/bigger/higherThere's yet abother reason why I can't go.还She made a yet more terrible mistake.更She drew a yet bigger circle.更d.表转折Ken was a criminal,yet many people admired him.然而a story that is strange yet true.e.口语中多放于句末I don't know whether she'll come yetf.在don't,hasn't后，或在why,whether前They don't yet know the full facts.I haven't decided yet whether to take part in the competition.g.书面语中放于not后,不在句尾We don't yet have a solution to this problem.9.作文Most people in this modern world have grown accustomed to living and working against a background of noise,almost constant noise.In the street there is the noise of traffic-engine noises,car alarms,the screeching of tyres and brakes,in factories there is the continual drumming ofmachines of all kinds,and in the office there is the noise of office equipment-the tap-tap-tap of computer keyboard keys,the ringing of telephones,fax machines and so on.Even in home,where labour-saving devices have made life so much easier for many people,some of the comfort has been at the expense of noise-vacuum cleaner s,washing machines,dishwashers and air extractors;they all make a noise even if manufacturers try to tell us sometimes that their machines are 'slient'!And even in the countryside,or in your own back garden in the city,there arealways aeroplanes overhead - large passenger jet aircraft,helicopters,and even,sometimes,military jet aircraft.In our modern industrial society,hardly anywhere is free from noise.In towns and cities,particularly,the problem bas become acute.And yet people have learned to live against this background and do not seem to be affected.Indeed,some people have learned to live against this background and do not seem to affeted.Indeed,some people even seem to require noise as a necessary environment in which to work:'muzak'in the workplace,in shops,in hotels is a perfect example of the need for 'noise',for that is all 'muzak'is.We seem to be helpless to do abything about recucing noise in this modern world and many have come to accept it as one of the more unpleasant features of modern civilization.And although few of us complain about it ,this is one of the main reasons that people give for going to an island,the countryside,the hills or the mountains for the weekend,or for their annual holiday-'To get away from everything,especially the noise'.10.经典分享He who establishes his argument by noise and command,shows that his reason is weak.——Michel de Montaigne 蒙恬，法国文艺复兴时期著名作家You don't have to be noisy to be effective.——Philip Crosby 美国商人兼作家Lesson 261.amber 琥珀mummy 木乃伊embalming防腐balm 香油lip-balm 润唇膏2.fruit preserve 果酱，水果制品3.deposit saveing 定期账户a layer of soil 一层泥4.scavenger 食腐动物vulture 秃鹫，贪婪的人carnivore 食肉动物，凶猛的人herbivore 食草动物，温顺insect-eating animal 食虫动物，聪明5.cat carcass 猫的尸体6.sabre-toothed 剑齿的eagle-eyed 目光敏锐的eagle-nosed 鹰钩鼻money-minded 一心想着钱的dog-eared 书角卷起来的7.venture to do 小心翼翼地He ventured out when night falls 他在晚上出去冒险8.be bogged (down) in 陷入9.It is Uncle Bill whose telephone number I lost. 所有格强调句10.the like 类似的东西=such likeFirst class travel is not for the like of us11.in proportion to 与…成正比例的12.live by 以…为生13.whether they be = be they 虚拟语气的让步状语从句14.for的用法be all for sth 支持做I'm all for freedom.be in for it 被责怪You'll be in for it if she finds out what you've done!15.作文People find it difficult to resist the fascination of a natural history museum where the skeletons and fossils of extinct forms of life are on display.It is this fascination,too,felt by so many people,that attracts them to adventure stories like The Lost World or films like Jurassic Park. What sorts of things can one seein a natural history museum?The remains of animals that existed in prehistoric times.Sometimes we can see just parts of a creature,sometimes we can see just parts of a creature,sometimes the whole skeleton.There are reptiles,dinosaurs and tyrannosaurs.There are pterodactyls,the horrific-looking creatures with long,tooth-filled beaks,which were the ancestors of our present-day birds.Therefare the remains of fish,small and large,especially early sharks,and there are fossilized crustaceans.There are the remains of our own ancestor,early man such as Neanderthal man.Museums also display the remains of animals which have become extinct relatively recently,like the flightless bird called the dodo.It is sad to think that the dodo only necame extinct about three hundred years ago,and would probably not have become extinct if Europeans had not hunted it on its native island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.How many more forms of animal life are in danger of becoming extinct today that our children will only see in museums?And then of course there are those creatures which have been called 'living fossils'-primitive forms of life which came into being millions of years ago and wich have surprisingly survived,apparently without developing greatly.Examples are the coelacanth(the fish that was first discovered earlier in the twentieth century)and the duck-billed platypus in Australia.16.经典推荐Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园Lesson 271.flagship store 旗舰店2.hurricane 飓风（大西洋）typhoon 台风（太平洋）tornado 龙卷风3.Yangtze River 扬子江，长江4.ablaze with sth 闪耀，五光十色5.freshen up 使崭新，加满饮料，洗手和脸使面貌一新6.frame up 栽赃陷害be fed up with 厌倦7.she 代指包容孕育其他事物的东西如the earth，river8.at the height of 在…的高度，在…鼎盛时期9.intend sb to do 打算让某人做10.fortune teller 算命先生11.week in week out 一周又一周12.spread her sails 扬帆起航catch the wind 乘风前进13.There are not stops on the run to the coast 去海边的道路上没有车站The exhibition is housed in the building.展览坐落于这个建筑14.The teacher nodded in reply.老师点头作为回答15.fate 宿命seal one's fate 给人带来不能逃脱的厄运destiny 天命（好的）doom 厄运16.there+arise,come,exist,rise,go,lie,live,remain,seem,stand, etcOnce upon a time there lived a beautif ul princess…There came the crack of a shot17.However,I don't agree with it——中式英语I,however,don't agree with it——英式英语18.作文When a ship sank in the past,there were extreme difficulties in savaging the wreck.Quite clearly that was true of a ship that sank in very deep water and indeed it still is.But even if a shipsank in relatively shallow water ,in a harbour,for example,there was very little hope of recovering any lost treasure or indeed of recovering anything else from the wreck.In most cases,even bodies of men who went down tith the ship would remain in it.Modern diving techniques,of course,have made salvaging far less difficult.A shipreck can be discovered and in vestigated by sonar,and skin divers can go down and investigate the wreck before any serious salvage work is begun.The same modern diving techniques have also meant that hunting for treasure can be carried out not only by experts but also by amateurs.So quite a lot of amateur divers spend their weekends and holidays diving for"treasure".What kinf of treasure can be recovered?And where from?Not surprisingly there are shipwrecks all around the coast of Great Britain and other island in the world.The Mediterranean Sea,too,is an excellent hunting ground for salvagers and treasure hunters.Many of the Roman and Greek ships at the bottom of the Sea are full of works of art.The sea off the coast of Florida and around the Bahamas is another hunting ground,this time for gold from Spanish galleons.Many shipwrecks,of course,do not contain treasure in terms of gold,silver,jewels or works of art.But they all contain another kinkd of 'treasure':they contain the seapons used on ships(the cannon,swords,and so on),everyday artcles of clothing(shoes,leather belts,etc.)and items of everyday use(plates,bottles,etc.).All of these'teeasures' teach us a great deal about the history of the time.19.经典分享RMS Titanic=royal mail steamship Titanic Titan 泰坦神Lesson 281.be sceptical about/of 怀疑2.fervent fans/admirers 热情的粉丝3.curative 治病cure-：take careaccurate 准确ac-/ad- =to docurious 好奇manicure 美甲mani- =hands 手security 安全se- =free from4.fly in the ointment 药膏中的苍蝇，美中不足5.OTC=over the counter drugs 非处方药Px：recipe 处方6.show signs of 有迹象7.too …to 太…而不能only too …to 非常…去做only to 却，不料I'm too glad to come. 我太高兴而不能来I'm only too glad to come.我非常高兴能来8.owing to 由于9.work 起作用work against 起反作用10.make demands on sb 要求XX做某事11.More haste,less speed.欲速则不达12.At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapon.中国不会首先使用核武器13.作文Everyone in society should have the right to a full and free health service and no one should have the right to buy good health care.If all working adults pay taxes,then they,their children and their parents should expect free medical service,at a doctor's surgery or at a hospital,a free emergency ambulance service,and at least free dental treatment.It has often been said that public health service is expensiveto run and that it is offten abused.While it is expensive to run,and it is,like many social services,open to abuse,it seems nevertheless to be one of the things that a modern society must offer its citizens.There is of course one major problem,and that is the cost of the people who work in it-the doctors,nurses,surgeons,dentists and administrative staff.Such people often complain that they do not receive the wages or salaries that they could earn in the world of private medical care or in a totally different profession.And because a healthy service,like other public services,is run on government lines,bureaucracy often creeps in so that the administration can cost more than the medical services and treatment.Does a public health service work in all countries?No,it doesn't.There are countries where a public health service seems to be an impossibility:America is a perfect example.On the other hand,there are a number of countries in the world which have successful,or moderately successful public health services,for example Sweden,Britain and Israel.Even in a country like Britain,however,there is also a world of private medicine that people can doin if they can afford it.Apublic health service is an excellent idea,but no one should be forced to join it.14.经典分享纪录片SickoMichael Moore 导演15.remain of 保留（不及物动词）After the fire, very little remained of his house.1.hovercraft 全垫式气垫船Surface Effect Ships，SES 侧壁式气垫船2.cushion from/against 保护cushion the blow 缓存打击3.onion ring 洋葱圈a rubber ring 救生圈give sb a ring 打电话a ring at the door 门铃have a familiar ring 听上去很熟悉ring-shaped 环形的ring a bell 听起来耳熟be ringed with 被…包围4.cause/create a sensation 引起轰动5.former classmate 老同学former husband 前夫=ex-husband6.组合介词in between 介于from among 从中from under 来自下面She took out an envelop from under the pillow.in front of 在前面up to 上升到达7.To see is to believe 眼见为实8.Cheers!干杯=Bottoms up！底露出了9.a.接数字no more than 仅仅，只有not more that 不超过，至多There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 只有15个鸡蛋（=15个）There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket.至多15个鸡蛋（小于等于15个）b.用于比较This story is no more interesting than that one. 也不比那个有趣（都不有趣）This sorty is not more interesting than that one.这个没那个有趣（那个更有趣）10.作文The twentieth century has seen greater developments in forms of transport than at any other time in the history of this planet.Because of modern methods of transport,the world has become a smaller place and people can now travel from one place to another almost anywhere in the world with speed and in comfort.For many people in the world,the best way to travel long distances is by air.Air travel by jet aeroplane is no longer a luxury.Even helicopters,once almost exclusively used by the armed services,are now being used more and more comercially,especially for short internal flights.And we can look forward to rocket tracel in the nest century - or flying in a craft like the space shuttle that will circumnavigate the earth almost in minutes.For those who travel by see,to,there has beeb progress.Ocean liners are popular,especially for luxury holidays,but so too are the hydrofoil and the hovercraft for use over comparatively shortOn land,we can now travel by car,by coach or by train.The byilding of motormay networks has meant that we can get to our destination by car or coach much faster than we have ever done.And the development of electric trains and new tailway networks has also improved rail travel in many countries.Will these,and motorway networks,become redundant with the development of new forms of transport?Sadly,of all the modern means of transport,the car is creatingthe most problems as it is causing serious congestion in cities.No satisfactory solution to this problem has yet been found,although,if the car is replaced by a different form of personal transport,perhaps the problem will simply go away.万能开篇句OUr society has seen greater developments than any other societies in the history of this planet.11.经典分享Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母12.not any more than 和…同样都不Lesson 301.nausea 恶心，晕船astronaut 宇航员navigation system 导航系统2.on an expedition 去远征3.very important=of great importance=of such magnifude 很重要4.rugged good looks 饱经沧桑的美5.give a thought to 想6.at the disposal of 交由…支配=in charge of7.be worthy of 值得it is worthwhile 值得8.a burst of applause 一阵掌声/doc/807d153ff111f18583d05ac9.htm l y 铺设，放下，鸡下蛋——laid，laidlie 躺下，位于——lay，lain10.tailing off 愈来愈少The performance was over with the sound of applause tailing off.11.作文The twentieth centyry has seen greater progress in many。
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth"s most plicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would beracing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other "living" thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的 particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。
新概念英语第四册45精讲笔记
新概念英语第四册45精讲笔记一、词汇部分。
1. pattern.- 作名词时，有“模式；图案；样品”等意思。
例如：- The pattern on this dress is very beautiful.（这件连衣裙上的图案非常漂亮。
）- We are trying to follow the pattern of successful companies.（我们正试图效仿成功公司的模式。
）- 作动词时，意为“模仿；以图案装饰”。
例如：- She likes to pattern her hair after the movie star.（她喜欢模仿那个电影明星的发型。
）2. inherent.- 形容词，意为“固有的；内在的；与生俱来的”。
例如：- There are inherent difficulties in this plan.（这个计划存在内在的困难。
）- The ability to learn languages is inherent in some people.（学习语言的能力是某些人与生俱来的。
）3. resemble.- 动词，“类似；像”，通常不用于进行时态。
例如：- He resembles his father very much.（他非常像他的父亲。
）二、课文重点句子解析。
1. “In man, the genes which help to build up the brain and nervous system may be the most important.”- 这是一个主从复合句，“which help to build up the brain and nervous system”是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“genes”。
在翻译时，可以先翻译定语从句，再翻译主句，即“在人类身上，有助于构建大脑和神经系统的基因可能是最为重要的。
”2. “So far, we have been looking at the way man's genes have built him as an individual.”- 这里“have been looking at”是现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作。
新概念第四册Lesson46~48课文翻译及学习笔记
新概念第四册Lesson46~48课文翻译及学习笔记新概念第四册Lesson46课文翻译及学习笔记【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Who, according to the author, are ‘Fortune’s favoured children’?A gifted American psychologist has said, ‘Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.’ It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger thewill, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: ‘I will take an interest in this or that.’Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with hisdaily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first,those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime【New words and expressions 生词和短语】gifted adj. 有天才的psychologist n. 心理学家spasm n. 一阵(感情)发作futile adj. 无用的insinuate v. 便潜入，暗示convulsive adj. 起痉挛的illumination n. 启发，照明undue adj. 不造当的grip n. 紧张recuperation n. 休息improvise v. 临时作成sedulously adv. 孜孜不倦地vivify v. 使生气勃勃aggravate v. 加剧trifling adj. 微小的gratify v. 便满意caprice n. 任性satiation n. 满足frantically adv. 狂乱地avenge v. 替…报复boredom n. 厌烦clatter n. 喧闹的谈话sustenance n. 生计appetite n. 欲望grudge v. 怨恨absorbing adj. 引人入胜的banish v. 排除，放弃【课文注释】1.catch hold of 抓住……let ... go 放掉……2.The stronger the will, the more futile the task 这种意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。
新概念英语第四册-学习笔记
2. 用近义词的重复表强调
They had a single aim, a solitary goal – the top. The contract is null and void because of violations
3. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden. He is not such a man as woud leave his work half done. 他不是做事半途而废的人 Such talents as Nash and Howking can not be easily found.
11. fine
12. linen
13. at the thought
Key structures
1. The more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. 越艰险 越让人看中 The more haste , the less speed.
2. the moment…一…就… The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他对她一见倾心。 He was much better the last time I saw her. 上次见到她时她好多了
★ 以上 the moment, the minute, the last time 引导时间状语
perceive to have knowledge of something through one of the senses,sight or through the mind (通过感官，特别是视觉或者思)察觉，看见
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson25、26、27】
【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了⽅便同学们的学习，⽆忧考为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson25 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece? May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science. One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement. What is needed in case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage -- which really is mental health hazard. D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noise from Science Survey 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 auditory adj. 听觉的 inadequate adj. 不适当的 plea n. 要求 abatement n. 减少 discredit v. 怀疑 allegation n. 断⾔ caption n. 插图说明 wreck n. 残废⼈ snag n. 疑难之处，障碍 anecdote n. 轶闻 slander v. 诽谤 persecute v. 迫害 squadron n. 中队 psychiatric adj. 精神病学的 diagnosis n. 诊所 orphanage n. 孤⼉院【课⽂注释】 1.the Services 军队 2.inadequate adj. ①lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task 不适当的 例句:He has made an inadequate choice. 他做了⼀个不适当的选择。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson43、44、45】
【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了⽅便同学们的学习，⽆忧考为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson43 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on? We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the planets in our solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own, and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast, this possibility becomes virtual certainty. There are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone, and then there are three thousand million other Milky Ways, or galaxies, in the universe. So the number of the stars that we know exist is now estimated at about 300 million million million. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe. If then we are so certain that other intelligent life exists in the universe, why have we had no visitors from outer space yet? First of all, they may have come to this planet of ours thousands or millions of years ago, and found our then prevailing primitive state completely uninteresting to their own advanced knowledge. Professor Ronald Bracewell, a leading American radio astronomer, argued in Nature that such a superior civilization, on a visit to our own solar system, may have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization. Such a messenger, receiving our radio and television signals, might well re-transmit them back to its home-planet, although what impression any other civilization would thus get from us is best left unsaid. But here we come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other planets -- the astronomical distances which separate us. As a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away. (A light year is the distance which light travels at 186,000 miles per second in one year, namely 6 million million miles.) Radio waves also travel at the speed of light, and assuming such an automatic messenger picked up our first broadcasts of the 1920's, the message to its home planet is barely halfway there. Similarly, our own present primitive chemical rockets, though good enough to orbit men, have no chance of transporting us to the nearest other star, four light years away, let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years. Fortunately, there is a 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings, as Walter Sullivan has put it in his excellent book, We Are not Alone. This depends on the precise radio frequency of the 21-cm wavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second. It is the natural frequency of emission of the hydrogen atoms in space and was discovered by us in 1951; it must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe. Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered, it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested. Without something of this kind, searching for intelligences on other planets would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous and absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter. ANTHONY MICHAELIS Are There Strangers in Space? from The Weekend Telegraph 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 Mercury n. ⽔星 hydrogen n. 氢⽓ prevailing adj. 普遍的 radio astronomer 射电天⽅学家 uniquely adv. 地 rational adj. 合理的 radio frequency ⽆线电频率 cm n. 厘⽶ megacycle n. 兆周 emission n. 散发 intersteller adj.星际的 rendezvous n. 约会地点 【课⽂注释】 1.that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start 这是⼀个宾语从句，作动词conclude的宾语，其中given a planet…our own,过去分词短语作条件状语，given与if的意思相近，这个过去分词短语可译成“如果⼀个⾏星与我们所在的⾏星⼤致相同的话”。
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记1 fossil man (化石人)Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.【New words and expressions 生词和短语】fossil man adj. 化石人recount v. 叙述saga n. 英雄故事legend n. 传说，传奇migration n. 迁移，移居anthropologist n. 人类学家archaeologist n. 考古学家ancestor n. 祖先Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚（中太平洋之一群岛）的Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚flint n. 燧石rot n. 烂掉【课文注释】1.hand down 把...传下去例句：Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth.许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下来了。
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Royal espionage 王室谍报活动 Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighboring regions.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit forprolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. ⼀一间谍活动中世纪的咏游歌⼿手⾦金金琴⺠民歌___魔术杂技的⾯面⼊入向那⾥里里-n 得-i 持久的微不不⾜足道需供⽽而应⾯面对尤击⼀一n⼩小规模战⽃斗Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage! 阿尔弗雷雷德⼤大帝曾亲⾃自充当间谍。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson1、2、3】
【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了⽅便同学们的学习，为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson1 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 [w]fossil[/w] man adj. 化⽯⼈ recount v. 叙述 saga n. 英雄故事 legend n. 传说，传奇 migration n. 迁移，移居 anthropologist n. ⼈类学家 archaeologist n. 考古学家 ancestor n. 祖先 Polynesian adj.波利尼西亚(中太平洋之⼀群岛)的 Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚 flint n. 燧⽯ rot n. 烂掉 【课⽂注释】 1.hand down 把...传下去 例句：Many old legends were handed down from generation by mouth. 许多古⽼的传说都是⼀代⼀代⼝传下来了。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson31~33
【导语】为了⽅便同学们的学习，⽆忧考为您精⼼整理了“新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson31~33”，希望有了这些内容的帮助，可以为⼤家学习新概念英语提供帮助！如果您想要了解更多新概念英语的相关内容，就请关注⽆忧考吧！新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson31 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture? Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimension. That is perhaps why sculpture has been desc ribed as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence. This is what the sculptor must do. He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air. And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as des cription or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms. HENRY MOORE The Sculptor Speaks from The Listener 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 auditory adj. 听觉的 colour-blind adj. ⾊盲的 perception n. 知觉 comprehend v. 理解 spatial adj. 空间 visualize v. 使具形象，设想 reminiscence n. 回忆，联想 tadpole n. 蝌蚪 mushroom n. 蘑菇 carrot n. 胡萝⼘ bud n. 花蕾 lark n. 云雀 ladybird n. 瓢⾍ bulrush n. 芦苇 【课⽂注释】 1.respond to 响应，对 … 起反应 例句：He resolved to respond to the call of the Party. 他决⼼响应党的号召。
新概念第四册Lesson40~42课文翻译及学习笔记
【导语】新概念英语作为家喻户晓的经典之作，它有着全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容及其全⾯的技能训练，为⼴⼤的英语学习者提供帮助！如果你也想学好英语，⼜怎能错过新概念英语？下⾯为您提供了相关内容，希望对您有所帮助！新概念第四册Lesson40课⽂翻译及学习笔记 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer? Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message. These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length). Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results. An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again. From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life. The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain. from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises) 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 signature n. 签名，标记 infinity n. ⽆穷 ray n. 光线 energize v. 给与...能量 rhythm n. 节奏 transmit v. 传送 exquisite adj. ⾼雅的 phenomena n. 现象 crest n. 浪峰 trough n. 波⾕ vertical adj. 垂直的 horizontal adj. ⽔平的 actuality n. 现实 catastrophic adj. ⼤灾难的 particle n. 微粒 maturity n. 成熟 undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤 gravitational adj. 地⼼吸⼒的 【课⽂注释】 1.transmit vt. ①传达 例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family. 吉普赛⼈经常以⼝头形式把秘⽅世代相传。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson10、11、12】
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson10、11、12】【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to afew days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon befree to let their imaginations soar without being penalizedby expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend atthe office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 'We've got more garages with smart people,' Mead observes. 'We really thrive on anarchy.'And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California's colleges.As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim markets. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph.D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factoryto challenge Japan's near lock on the memory-chip market.India-born N.Damodar Reddy's tiny California company reopened an AT & T chip plant in Kansas City last spring withfinancing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.US NEWS AND WORLD REPORT, October 2, 1989【New words and expressions 生词和短语】silicon n. 硅integrated adj. 综合的circuit n. 线路，电路California n. 加利福尼亚(美国州名)workstation n. 工作站chip n. 芯片，集成电路片，集成块newsletter n. 时事通讯Macintosh n. 苹果机，一种个人电脑penalize v. 处罚，惩罚customize v. 按顾客具体需要制造spawn v. 引起，酿成thrive v. 兴旺，繁荣anarchy n. 无政府状态，混乱oriental n. 东方人constitute v. 构成drove n. 群innovator n. 发明者forge v. 发展memory-chip n. 内存条AT & T 美国电话电报公司 (American Telephone and Telegraph)Kansas n. 堪萨斯(美国州名)Missouri n. 密苏里(美国州名)【课文注释】1. thrive on靠……健壮发展，以……旺盛。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson4、5、6】
【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了⽅便同学们的学习，为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson4【课⽂】First listen and then answer the following question.听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight?Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold; and, indeed, except when blindfold she lacked the ability to perceive things with her skin. It was also found that although she could perceive things with her fingers this ability ceased the moment her hands were wet.ERIC DE MAUNY Seeing hands from The Listener【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】solid adj. 坚实的safe n. 保险柜ulyanovsk n. 乌⾥扬诺夫斯克commission n. 委员会opaque adj. 不透明的lotto n. ⼀种有编号的纸牌slipper n. 拖鞋blindfold adj.& adv. 被蒙上眼睛的【课⽂注释】1. of people who can read...,这个定语从句⽤来修饰主语cases，由于太长，因此被移⾄谓语之后。
新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语
新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语新概念英语四册学会生活课堂笔记课文及短语Lesson 17 Learning to Live 学会生活The fact that we are not sure what 'intelligence' is, nor what is passed on, does not prevent us from finding it a very useful working concept, and placing a certain amount of reliance on tests which 'measure' it.In an intelligence test we take a sample of an individual's ability to solve puzzles and problems of various kinds, and if we have taken a representative sample it will allow us to predict successfully the level of performance he will reach in a wide variety of occupations.This became of particular importance when, as a result of the 1944 Education Act, secondary schooling for all became law, and grammar schools, with the exception of a small number of independent foundation schools, became available to the whole population. Since the number of grammar schools in the countrycould accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent of the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made. Narrowly academicexaminations and tests were felt, quite rightly, to be heavily weighted in favour of children who had had the advantage of highly-academic primary schools and academically biased Homes. Intelligence tests were devised to counteract this narrow specialization, by introducing problems which were not based on specifically scholastically-acquired knowledge. The intelligence test is an attempt to assess the general ability of any child to think, reason, judge, analyse and syntiesize by presenting him with situations, both verbal and practical, which arewithin hisrange of competence and understanding.New words and expressions 生词短语intelligence 智力 intelligent cute intellectual a.智力的 n.知识分子pass on 衡量(1)He passes on(=pass away=die)委婉语(2)衡量 judge:to pass on 如:to pass on one's intelligence(3)pass for 被认为不能用被动,只能用主动(4)pass 过了 pass gradereliance 信赖,依靠(1)rely=depend He relies on his parents.(parasite:寄生虫)(drag:负担)(2)reliant reliable 值得信赖的self-reliant 自力更生(=self-dependent)working 起作用的pill:药丸 dose:剂 Dose is working. efficient:指人效率很高,做事麻利 effective 有效果的The pill does.a wide variety 各种各样a wide variety of goods . various variant：变化的 variantion 变化 very colored/formedmult- multifunctional multinational multilateral talks bilateral：双边会谈as a result of 由于…结果As a result of his good performance, he got pay rise. Pay cut 减薪consequence in result 后面一定不能出现 ofHe performed well; in result he got a pay rise.in consequence act 法案pass bill motion pay bills act：第 1 幕，第 1 场 Today we gotan act of got.He always put on an act.摆谱foundation 基金Peking Normal University 北京师范大学missionaryavailable 可用的Is water available? 有水喝吗？ Are you available?Are you available for a chat?Is your bicycle available?avail I avail myself of this opportunity to apply for this vacancy.avail myself of 利用…的机会make use of ；take advantage ofaccommodate 容纳The hall can accommodate 600 people. accommodate oneself to 适应accommodating accommodation：住所boarding and lodgingat most 最多 at leastcounteract 抵消counteractclockwise 逆时针转counterintelligence 反情报counterrevolution neutralizeact againstspecialization 专门化specialize speciality majorI specialize in chemistry.specialization 专业化synthesize 综合 sympathy syndrome 并发症 synchronize 同步分verbal 文字的oral 口头 verbal expression ;oral expressioncompetence 能力competent incompetent 没有能力的 performance 实际的行为Notes on the text 课文注释British education system 第 1 段只有一句话主语-the fact 谓语-does not prevent us 同位语从句 nor：否定连接 passed on：衡量 useful ,working 两个词相近 placing 和 finding 并列place….on….放置…..在上面=put reliance 依赖引号里表示抽象的东西superior inferioreven though we are not sure ….is，nor what is passed on….,and placing…文中更为高级even though he stole,I find him a kind hearted man.The fact that he stole,does not prevent me from finding him a kind hearted man.tests 第 1 段形成文章的.主题。