布什911演讲稿

篇一：布什911演说词的语言艺术分析.doc布什911演说词的语言艺术分析作者：毕俊峰来源：《云南教育·高等教育研究》2013年第02期摘要：英语演说词历来受到外语学习者的重视，许多演说词被认为是文学佳作。

本文运用系统功能语言学理论，从语言的概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能三个方面对美国前总统布什的911演说词进行分析，揭示了该演说辞的艺术特色和写作技巧，为广大英语学习者提供启示。

关键词：语言的概念功能人际功能语篇功能1 语言的纯理功能分析halliday认为，语篇是在一定的情景语境中产生的，所以语篇受制于情景语境，情景语境的三个变项是：话语范围（field）、话语基调（tenor）和话语方式（mode）。

thompson指出语言的情景语境变项与语言的三大纯理功能密切相关。

语言的三大纯理功能是指概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能，它们分别受到话语范围、话语基调和话语方式的支配。

因此，人们可以从情景语境出发对语篇的语义特征和语言形式作出有据可循的预测。

本文将选取布什911演说中一些具有代表性的语句进行语言的纯理功能分析。

1.1 概念功能分析。

halliday和hasan认为：“概念功能是指语言对人们在现实世界中的各种经历的表达，它体现在语法中的及物性系统和名词。

”及物性系统包括六个不同的过程：“物质过程、心理过程、关系过程、行为过程、言语过程和存在过程，以及与各种过程有关的参与者和环境成分”。

在布什的这篇演说中，最明显的是物质过程和关系过程，这与该语篇的特点有关，下面将对这两个过程进行分析。

1.1.1 物质过程。

物质过程是某人做某事的过程，包括动作者、动作目标和动作过程。

hodge和kress将动作过程分为执行性和非执行性两种，也就是我们常说的主动语态和被动语态。

如果说话者要突出动作的实施者，要使用执行性动作过程，如果说话者要隐藏动作实施者，则要使用非执行性动作过程。

为了突出恐怖分子是911事件实施者的目的，布什在演说中使用了大量执行性动作过程的句子，句中的动词都带有强烈的贬义色彩。

如：they plot evil and destruction so as to kill christians and jews， to kill all americans.然而，当布什提到美国政府即将采取的行动时，他的用词却明显带有褒义，目的是为了塑造其坚决果断的形象，以获得民众的支持。

如：we will take defensive measures against terrorism to protect americans. but the only way to defeat terrorism as a threat to our way of life is to stop it， eliminate it， and destroy it where it grows.以上一系列动词的使用，增强了该演说语篇的概念功能，语言层层递进，充满音韵之美和节奏感，目的是要向听众介绍美国下一步将采取的行动。

1.1.2 关系过程。

关系过程分为归属类和识别类两类。

halliday指出：“在任何一个小句中，都有一个实体是标记（token），一个是价值（value）。

标记和价值总是与识别者（identifier）和被识别者（identitied）结合在一起”。

在该演说中，布什将恐怖分子定义为宗教的叛徒、20世纪谋杀意识形态的继承者，如：the terrorists are traitors to their own faith. they are the heirs of all the murderous ideologies of the 20th century.可见，布什的演说词体现了功能语言学的识别理论。

1.2 人际功能分析。

halliday认为：“人际功能指的是语言表达讲话者的身份、地位、动机并建立和维持一定社会关系的功能，它体现在语法中的人称系统、语气和情态。

”1.2.2 语气。

在该演说中，针对阿富汗塔利班政权，布什连续使用了5个带有命令语气的祈使句，要求其必须无条件配合美国政府交出基地组织领导人和保护外国公民，经简略后这5个祈使句如下：deliver to usa all the leaders of al qaeda. release all foreign nationals. protect foreign diplomats. close terrorist training camp， and hand over every terrorist. give usa full access to terrorist training camps.1.3 语篇功能分析。

halliday认为：“语篇功能指的是语言成分组织成为语篇的功能，它体现在语法中的主位结构、信息结构和衔接关系”。

1.3.1 主位结构。

我国功能语言学家胡壮麟认为：“主位-述位衔接最基本的模式有以下三种：①重复前句中的主位，即第一句中的主位继续成为第二句的主位，可表示为t1→t2。

②从前句述位中的某个内容发展为一个新的主位，可表示为r1→t2。

③前句中主位和述位的内容一起产生一个新的主位，可表示为t1+r1→t2。

”运用这一理论对布什的演说词进行分析发现，以上三种主位-述位衔接模式都有出现，但使用最多的是第一种模式，即：第一句的主位继续成为第二句的主位，t1→t2，如：i （t） will not yield （r）； i （t） will not rest篇二：911布什演讲稿good evening.today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. the victims were in airplanes or in their offices -- secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers. moms and dads. friends and neighbors.thank you. good night and god bless america.篇三：乔治布什911演讲中文稿乔治布什9.11演讲“晚上好，今天，我们的同胞、我们的生活及我们珍视的自由受到了恐怖主义分子的蓄意攻击。

许多被劫持的乘客、正在办公的工作人员都不幸遇难，他们可能是：秘书文员、商人、妇女、军方或联邦政府工作人员、为人父母、你们的亲朋好友或邻居。

数千人在恐怖分子的卑劣和罪恶行径下突然间失掉了宝贵的生命。

面对飞机撞毁、熊熊大火、楼房倒塌等图片，我们无法相信眼前的惨状，感到无比的悲哀和愤怒。

恐怖分子的大范围屠戮行为旨在将我们的国家引向混乱和倒退。

但他们的阴谋不会得逞。

我们的国家依然强大。

伟大的美国人民已被动员起来保卫自己的国家。

恐怖主义分子的袭击可以震撼我们的建筑，但他们无法动摇我们牢固的国家基础。

这些行径可以粉碎钢铁，但它们无法挫伤美国人民捍卫国家的决心。

美国之所以成为攻击的目标，是因为我们的自由和机遇之灯塔是世界上最明亮、最耀眼的。

没有人能阻止这种自由之光。

今天，我们见识了人性中最肮脏的灵魂，而我们以美国人的善良回应罪恶，我们的救援人员表现出了大无畏精神、人们纷纷为陌生人及邻里贡献鲜血及爱心。

在首次遭受袭击后，我下令实施了政府紧急救援计划。

我们的强大的军队随时准备投入战斗。

紧急行动小组正在纽约市和华府协助地方力量实施求援。

我们的第一要务是抢救受伤人员，并保护国内及全世界的美国人不再受到伤害。

美国政府的政务仍在正常进行，今天被迫撤出华府的联邦各部门中的重要机构今晚已恢复办公，所有部门均将于明天恢复办公。

政府的经济机构仍强大有力，美国各经济部门也将正常办公。

调查此次邪恶事件元凶的工作正在进行。

我已下令美国所有的情报机构和警察机构全力找出肇事元凶，并将其绳之以法。

胆敢包庇肇事恐怖分子的人也会被我们视为恐怖分子。

我向内阁中与我一道强烈声讨此次恐怖事件的成员表示感谢，也代表美国人民向表示哀悼并给予我们帮助的其他国家的领导人表示感谢。

美国、我们的盟国与友邦和全世界所有热爱和平的人将并肩战斗，与恐怖主义活动作斗争。

今晚，我请求你们与我一道为在事件中受到伤害的人祈祷、为那些受伤的儿童祈祷、为那些安全感被打破的人祈祷。

我祈祷他们能得到神的安抚，正如世代流传的圣经所书，“尽管我行走在死亡的阴影之谷中，但我并不惧怕邪恶，因你与我同在。

”今天是所有美国人团结起来寻求正义与和平的日子。

过去，美国击败了自己的敌人，今天的美国人也会战胜自己的敌人。

每一个美国人都不会忘记今天，但我们将奋力向前、捍卫自由、捍卫世界上一切美好与正义的事物。

谢谢你们。

晚安。

愿主保佑美利坚。

篇四：911布什演讲remarks by the president at the world will always remember september 11th ceremonythe president:a great writer has said that the struggle of humanity against tyranny is the struggle of memory against forgetting. when we fight terror, we fight tyranny; and so we remember. we remember the perfect blueness of the sky that tuesday morning. we remember thechildren traveling without their mothers when their planes were hijacked.we remember the cruelty of the murderers and the pain and anguish of the murdered. every one of the innocents who died on september the 11th was the most important person on earth to somebody. every death extinguished a world.we remember the courage of the rescue workers and the outpouring of friendship and sympathy from nations around the world. we remember how we felt that day: our sadness, the surge of love for our country, our anger, and our determination to right this huge wrong. today, the wrong is being righted and justice is being done. we still have far to go. and many dangers lie ahead. yet, there can be no doubt how this conflict will end. our enemies have made the mistake that americas enemies always make. they saw liberty and thought they saw weakness. and now, they see defeat.in time, this war will end. but our remembrance never will. all around this beautiful city are statues of our heroes, memorials, museums and archives that preserve our national experience, our achievements and our failures, our defeats and our victories.this republic is young, but its memory is long. now, we have inscribed a new memory alongside those others. its a memory of tragedy and shock, of loss and mourning. but not only of loss and mourning. its also a memory of bravery and self-sacrifice, and the love that lays down its life for a friend -- even a friend whose name it never knew.we are privileged to have with us the families of many of the heroes onseptember the 11th, including the family of jeremy glick of flight 93. his courage and self-sacrifice may have saved the white house. it is right and fitting that it is here we pay our respects.in time, perhaps, we will mark the memory of september the 11th in stone and metal -- something we can show children as yet unborn to help them understand what happened on this minute and on this day.but for those of us who lived through these events, the only marker well ever need is the tick of a clock at the 46th minute of the eighth hour of the 11th day. we will remember where we were and how we felt. we will remember the dead and what we owe them. we will remember what we lost and what we found.and in our time, we will honor the memory of the 11th day by doing our duty as citizens of this great country, freedoms home and freedoms defender. god bless. (applause.)布什911演讲稿good evening.today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. the victims were in airplanes or in their offices -- secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers. moms and dads. friends and neighbors.thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. the pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. these acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. but they have failed. our country is strong. a great people has been moved to defend a great nation. terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of america. these acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of american resolve. america was targeted for attack because were the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. and no one will keep that light from shining.today, our nation saw evil, the very worst of human nature, and we responded with the best of america, with the daring of our rescue workers, with the caring for strangers and neighbors who came to give blood and help in any way they could. immediately following the first attack, i implemented our governments emergency response plans. our military is powerful, and its prepared. our emergency teams are working in new york city and washington, d.c., to help with local rescue efforts. our first priority is to get help to those who have been injured and to take every precaution to protect our citizens at home and around the world from further attacks.these acts and those who harbor them.i appreciate so very much the members of congress who have joined me in strongly condemning these attacks. and on behalf of the american people, i thank the many world leaders who have called to offer their condolences and assistance.晚上好，今天，我们的同胞、我们的生活及我们珍视的自由受到了恐怖主义分子的蓄意攻击。