复合句知识点讲解及练习
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宾语从句
中考考点
宾语从句即在复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。它属于名词性从句。它既可以作主句谓语动词宾语,也可作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。中考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序。
考向导航
①宾语从句是陈述句,引导词用that,在口语中that可以省略。如:
We believe (that) he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。
②如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether。如:
I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。
Sorry,I don't know whether he will come or not.对不起,我不知道他是否会来。
③宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。如:
Could you tell me where the post office is?你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗?
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问学生他们正在做什么。
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的,一般有下面几种情况:
①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如:
He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
②主句的时态为过去时态时,从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如:
She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。
③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如:
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。
1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如:
I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
2.do you think后接宾语从句时,特殊疑问词即引导词要前置,do you think作为插入语。如:
Who do you think he is talking with?你认为他正在和谁交谈?
【注意】①由do,does,did构成的疑问句,在转换成宾语从句时,要去掉do,does,did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如:“Does he sing well?”The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if/whether he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。
②如果是will,be,have,can组成的疑问句,在变为宾语从句时,要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上,并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如:
“Will you be free tomorrow?”She asked me.
→She asked me if/whether I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。
③当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, guess, believe等动词且接有否定的that宾语从句时,常将否定词提前到主句中。如:
I don't think that Alice is an American.我认为艾丽丝不是美国人。
①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是hope,wish,decide等时,从句可转化为不定式结构。如:
I hope that I can see you again.
=I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。
②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:
I don't know what I should say.
=I don't know what to say.我不知道该说什么。
③当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等,且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时,从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:Mr. Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall.
=Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?
=Will you please tell me where to buy stamps?你能告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票吗?
状语从句
中考考点
状语从句即在复合句中作状语的句子。根据其用途可分为九类。中考对状语从句考查的重点是引导词和时态。
考向导航
如:
I'll let you know as soon as she comes.她一来,我就会让你知道。(时间状语从句)
I won't go with you because I am busy doing my homework now.我不会跟你去,因为现在我正忙着做作业。(原因状语从句)
If it rains tomorrow,we'll stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。(条件状语从句)
Although he is not rich,he lives happily.尽管他不富有,但是他生活得很幸福。(让步状语从句)
He got up very early this morning in order that he could catch the first bus.为了能赶上第一班公交车,他早上起得很早。(目的状语从句)
It was such a cold day that nobody wanted to go out.天气那么冷,没人想出去。(结果状语从句)
wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog.无论他哪里,他总是带着他的宠物狗。(地点状语从句)
Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好。(比较状语从句)
The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那个孩子和我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。(方式状语从句)
【注意】so与because, though/although与but不能在句中同时出现。
1.主句为祈使句、一般将来时态或由情态动词表示将来的动作时,if引导的条件状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句及when, as soon as, until等引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如:
Don't go and play football if you don't finish your homework.如果你不完成家庭作业,你就不要去踢足球。
He won't leave until you agree with him.直到你同意他,他才会离开。
2.since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时态,主句则用现在完成时态(“It has been... since+从句结构”)。如:
Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened in 1995.自从1995年那家工厂