复合句讲解和练习

复合句（complex sentence）
定义：
用一个句子来充当某个句子成分（主、宾、表、定、状、同位），从而构成一个从句，该从句（subordinate clause）前需要使用“关系词（relative words）”来与主句（main clause）连接在一起，形成一个完整的句子。

从句类型：
1）从句在主句的主语位置，称之为主语从句（subject clause），由于主语在句首，所以主语从句的位置通常为句首。

2）从句在主句的宾语位置，称之为宾语从句（object clause），由于宾语在谓语后面，所以谓语动词后面的句子通常是宾语从句。

3）从句在主句的表语位置，称之为表语从句（predicative clause），如果一个句子出现在系动词后面，通常是表语从句。

4）从句在主句的定语位置，称之为定语从句（attributive clause），由于超过一个单词的定语通常放在名词后面，修饰限定前面的面请，所以名词后面出现句子，通常是定语从句（当然同位语从句除外）。

5）从句在主句的状语位置，称之为状语从句（adverbial clause），由于状语通常出现在一个句子的句首或者句末，而且常有逗号隔开，所以如果一个带有关系词的句子出现在另一个句子的句首或者句末并用逗号隔开了，通常就是状语从句。

6）句子本身已有主语，如果主语后面再增加一个句子来对主语的性质和身份做具体的说明，则称之为主语同位语（appositive clause）。

而句子本身已有宾语，如果宾语后面再增加一个句子来对宾语的性质和身份做具体的说明，则称之为宾语同位语。

判断主从句：
1）复合句中，句首不带关系词的句子为主句，带关系词的句子为从句（但是要注意关系词省略的情况：宾语从句的关系词通常可省略，定语从句所修饰的名词在定语从句充当宾语的话关系词可以省略），判断出主从句以后，就可以根据从句的位置判断属于哪类从句。

练习
判断一下哪些句子是复合句，并标出从句部分，说明属于哪类从句。

1. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.
2. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her form time to time, hoping she would help.
3. We walked along a street lined with gardens and fields planted with crops, pears and date palms.
4. It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys.
5. I didn’t believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throw me into huge, high-walled building.
6. When we arrived at the gate we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls.
7. I hesitated and clung to his hand, but he gently pushed me from him.
8. You’ll find me waiting for you when it’s time to leave.
9. I didn’t know a single one of them, and none of them knew me.
10. I felt I was a stranger who had lost his way.
11. But then some boys began to glance at me in curiosity, and one of them came over and ask “who brought you?.
12. We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard surrounded by high buildings; from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood.
13. Everything that is enjoyable and beneficial is here.
14. It seemed that my misgivings had had no basis.
15. I had never imagined school would have this rich variety of experiences.
16. We saw a globe of the Earth, which revolved and showed the various continents and countries.
17. We started learning numbers, and we were told the story of the Creator of the universe.
18. And while the lady would sometimes smile, she would often yell and scold.
19. In addition, the time for changing one’s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home.
20. Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves.
21. The children rushed towards the gate, which was opened again.
22. When I waited for a long time in vain, I decided to return home on my own.
23. High buildings had taken over, the street was full of children, and disturbing noises shook the air.
24. I hurried towards the crossroads because I remembered that I had to cross the street to reach house, but the stream of cars would not let up.
25. I stood there a long time, until the young boy employed at the ironing shop on the corner came up to me.。