英语语言学概论复习

英语语言学概论复习 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020

《英语语言学概论》复习纲要

1.复习的基本原则：第一，理解和吃透各章的重点内容。第二，以各章的题

目为统领，理解各章节下的具体内容。第三，动手书写和记忆重要内容，部分语言学理论会应用到实际中。

2.各章节复习要点如下

Chapter1InvitationstoLinguistics

1)D efinitionsofthefollowingterms:language,linguistics,arbitrari

ness,duality,creativity,displacement,descriptiveVSprescriptiv e,synchronicVSdiachronic,langueVSparole,competenceVSperforman ce

2)S tudyoftheoriginoflanguage

3)W hatarethefunctionsoflanguage

4)W hichsubjectsareincludedinmacrolinguistics

Chapter2SpeechSounds

1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:articulatoryphonetics,acoustic

phonetics,auditoryphonetics,phonetics,phonology,consonants,vo wels,allophones,broadtranscriptionVSnarrowtranscription

2)Analyzethecomplementarydistribution,freevariationwithexamples

3)TheclassificationofEnglishconsonantsandEnglishvowelsandthefea

turesinvolvedintheclassification

4)Understandsomeprocessesofphonology:nasalization,dentalization

,velarization

5)Differencesbetweenintonationandtone

Chapter3Frommorphemetophrase

1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:morpheme,morphology,backformat

ion,blending,classshift

2)Differencesbetweenrootandstem,inflectionalVSderivationalaffix

3)AnalyzethemorphemescontainedinEnglishwords,suchas internationa

lization,distempered,moonwalk,frienships

4)Whatarethecharacteristicsofaword

5)UnderstandtheclassificationofEnglishwords:variableVSinvariabl

e,grammaticalVSlexical,closed-classVSopen-

class,particles,auxiliaries,determiners

6)Understandtheprocessesofwordformationwithexamples:blending,ab

breviation,acronym,backformation,class-shift

Chapter4FromwordtoText

1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:syntax,endocentricVSexo

centricconstruction,coordinationVSsubordination

2)SyntacticfunctionsofEnglishsentences:subject(agentVSpa

tient,grammaticalVSlogical),predicate,object

3)CategoriesinEnglish:number,gender,agreement

Chapter5Meaning

1)Definitionsofthefollowingterms:semantics,thereferentia

ltheory,semantictriangle,synonymy,antonymy,hyponymy

2)Understandsynonymy,antonymy,hyponymywithexamples

3)Subclassificationofantonymy

4)Componentialanalysisinpractice:suchas boy,girl,woman,ma

n,mother,father(entailmentandpolysemous)

Chapter6Languageandcognition

1)Definitionofthefollowingterms:psycholinguistics,c

ognitivelinguistics

2)Understandthethreeissuesofpsycholinguistics:langu

ageacquisition,languagecomprehension,languageproduction

3)Understandexamplesconcerningconstrualoperations

4)Understandexamplesconcerningcategorization(basicl

evel,superordinateandsubordinatelevels)

5)Understandexamplesconcerningmetaphor(targetdomain

,sourcedomain)

6)Understandexamplesconcerningmetonymy

Chapter7Language,Culture,andSociety

1)Definitionofthefollowingterms:Sapir-

WhorfHypothesis,thetheoryofcontextofsituation

2)Understandthetwoexamples(Hopilanguageandstudyofco

lorwords)concerningSapir-WhorfHypothesis

Chapter8LanguageinUse

1)Differencesbetweenpragmaticsandsemantics

2)UnderstandthetheoryofIllocutionaryAct(threesenses)

3)UnderstandthetheoryofConversationalImplicature,th